华理教务处-洗碗的作文

2020-2021年英语中考英语阅读理解专题

一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析）
1．根据短文理解，选择正确答案。


B

People all have problems. If we don't deal with these problems, we can easily become unhappy.
Worrying about our problems can affect how we do at school. It can also influence the way we
behave with our families. So how do we deal with our problems? There are many ways and here
is one of them

Most of us have probably been angry with our friends, parents or teachers. Perhaps they said
something you didn't like, or you felt they were unfair. Sometimes people can stay angry for years
about a small problem. Time goes by, and good friendship may be lost.

When we are angry, however, we are usually the ones affected. Perhaps we have seen young
children playing together. Sometimes they have disagreements, and decide not to talk to each
other. However, this usually does not last for long. This is an important lesson for us to learn.

（1）What is the writer?


A. A shopkeeper. B. A doctor. C. A student. D. A dentist.

（2）What is the main idea of the passage?


A. How to deal with problems. B. How to do at school.

C. How to behave with families. D. How to talk to each other.

（3）What will happen if people stay angry for long according to the text?


A. They feel unfair. B. They may get sick.

C. Good friendship may be lost. D. They may miss each other.

（4）Children decide not to talk to each other probably because_______.


A. they become unhappy B. they have different ideas

C. they worry about a small problem D. they want disagreements

（5）From the passage, we know an important lesson for us is


A. playing together B. learning to forget C. staying angry D. feeling unfair

【答案】 （1）C

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

（5）B

【解析】【分析】人与人之间难免会有 磕磕碰碰，相处的时候出现了问题怎么办？本文告

诉我们怎样处理与人相处时的问题。< br>

⑴推理判断l.根据第一段Worrying about our problems can affect how we do at school. 可知作
者是一个学生。不是店主、医生或牙医。故选C。

⑵主旨大意。根据文章第一段People all have problems. If we don't deal with these problems,
we can easily become unhappy. 可知问题讨论如何处理问题，故选A。

⑶根据Sometimes people can stay angry for years about a small problem. Time goes by, and
good friendship may be lost可知为小事长时间生气会失去好朋友。故选C。

⑷根据 Sometimes they have disagreements, and decide not to talk to each other.可知小孩不说
话是因为他们有分歧。故选B。

⑸归纳总结。根据最后一句话This is an important lesson for us to learn. 可知长时间生气不
好，所以要学会遗忘。故选B。

【点 评】阅读理解考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键
词，在文章中寻找答 案。


2．根据短文内容出选择正确答案。


B

Do you want to live a happier, less stressful life? Try laughing for no reason at all. That's how
thousands of people start their day at Laughter （笑声） Clubs around the world and many
doctors now think that having a good laugh might be one of the best ways to stay healthy.

The first Laughter Club was started in Mumbai, India, in 1995 by Dr. Madan Kataria.
children laugh about 300 times a day. Adults laugh between 7 and 15 times a day,says Dr.
Kataria.
feel happy with their lives.
in the world.

Many doctors are also interested in the effects （效果） of laughter on our health. According
to a 5-year study at the UCLA School of Medicine in California, with laughing there is less stress in
the body. Laughter improves our health against illness by about 40%.

So what happens at a Laughter Club? I went along to my nearest club in South London to find
out. I was quite nervous at the beginning of the class, to be honest, I wasn't interested in laughing
with a group of strangers, and I was worried about looking stupid. Our laughter teacher told us to
clap our hands and say “ho ho ho, ha ha ha.” while looking at each other. However, our bodies
can't tell the difference between real laughter and unreal laughter, so they still produce the same
healthy effects.

Surprisingly, it worked! After ten minutes everybody in the room was laughing for real and
some people just couldn't stop! At the end of the class I was surprised by how relaxed-and
comfortable I felt. So if you're under stress, then start laughing. You might be very pleased with
the results!

（1）The first Laughter Club was started in __________.

A. India B. America C. Britain D. China

（2）How many Laughter Clubs are there in the world today?


A. Over 300. B. Over 500. C. Over 800. D. Over l,300.

（3）How did the writer feel at the beginning of the class?


A. Surprised. B. Pleased C. Nervous. D. Tired.

（4）When did the people in the club begin to laugh for real?


A. After ten minutes. B. After ten hours. C. After ten seconds. D. After ten days.

（5）The article mainly tells us __________.


A. young children laugh much more often than adults in a day

B. laughing is one of the best ways to stay healthy

C. many-doctors are also interested in the effects of laughter on our health

D. real laughter and unreal laughter are both good for health

【答案】 （1）A

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

（5）B

【解析】【分析】你想过一个快乐的,没有压力的生活?尝试毫无理 由的大笑？全世界每天
有成千上万的人在笑声俱乐部开始他们的一天。医生认为开怀大笑是最好的保健方 式。


（1）细节理解。根据第二段The first Laughter Club was started in Mumbai, India, in 1995 by
Dr. Madan Kataria. 可知在印度，故选A。

（2）细节理解。根据第二段There are now more than 500 Laughter Clubs in India and over
l,300 in the world. 可知选D。

（3）细节理解。根据第四段 I was quite nervous at the beginning of the class可知作者开始紧
张。故选C。

（4）细节理解。根据最后一段Surprisingly, it worked! After ten minutes everybody in the
room was laughing for real and some people just couldn't stop! 可知10分钟后房间里的人都是
在真笑。故选A。

（5）主旨大意。本文讲笑声俱乐 部给人们的生活带来的变化，通过大笑来减少压力，过更
快乐更健康的生活。故选B。

【点评】阅读理解考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键
词，在文章中 寻找答案。

3．根据短文理解选择正确答案。


D

In Paris, one freezing winter evening, I was having dinner with my friend, Mr. Dupin, the
famous detective. We had just finished our meal, when there was a loud knocking at the door.
Dupin opened it. There stood Mr. Germain, the chief警长）of the Paris Police.

We welcomed him warmly, for he was an old acquaintance（熟人）whom we hadn't seen for
a great time.

（案件）that has been giving me a great
deal of trouble. It is very simple but very strange.

“Also, please keep this secret. If anyone found out that I told you this. I would certainly lose
my job.”

“Well, then,” said the Chief,” I have learned that a very important letter has been stolen from
the king. We are sure who stole it and that the letter is in his house.




of the most powerful and important ministers in the government. He is Minister Danton.”


searched the entire house, room by room. In fact, we examined everything in the house but
found nothing.

A month later, Dupin asked Germain and me to his house. There he took out a letter and
handed it to the Chief. We were both very surprised.

Dupin explained,
usual hiding places. I realized that he might have left the letter out in the open, right under
everyone's nose, where no one would search for it.

（观察）better. While we
were chatting, a dirty, torn letter in the letter holder suddenly caught my eyes-unusual for the
Minister, who is careful and neat.






what happened, I stole the letter by replacing it with a similar one, On it Dupin wrote these
words:

Your plan was good, but mine was better

As you can see, I took the letter.

----Based on a story by Edgar Allan Poe

（1）The underlined word


A. hobby B. help C. habit D. holiday

（2）Who is the best at solving difficult cases according to the passage?

A. The writer. B. Mr. Germain. C. Mr. Dupin. D. Minister Danton.

（3）Dupin did all the following things to help get the letter back EXCEPT .


A. wearing his dark glasses when visiting Danton's house

B. leaving his gloves purposely behind in Danton's house

C. hiring a man to fire a gun on the street the next morning

D. writing some words on the letter he put into the letter holder

（4）From the passage we can infer that .


A. Dupin and Danton are also acquaintances

B. Dupin and the writer are both detectives

C. Danton and the writer are new friends

D. Germain and Danton are dangerous enemies

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文讲述法国巴黎的著名侦探杜宾先生的故事。警长 因为一个棘手的案
子请杜宾帮忙找回国王丢失的一封信，他知道信在部长那里，但是就是找不到。杜宾先 生
去了部长家里，凭着敏锐的眼睛发现了那封信的所在，然后巧妙的将信调包，帮助了警
长。< br>

（1）词义猜测。根据I met a case（案件）that has been giving me a great deal of trouble可
知警长遇到了很 麻烦的案子请杜宾先生帮忙。hobby爱好；help帮助；habit习惯；holiday
假期。 故选B。

（2）推理判断。根据文章内容 In fact, we examined everything in the house but found nothing.
和A month later, Dupin asked Germain and me to his house. There he took out a letter and
handed it to the Chief. 可知没人找到那封信在哪里，但是一个月后杜宾先生找到了，故选
C。

（3）细节理解。注意题目：为了得到那封信，杜宾先生做了以下事情，除了哪一个。根
据 （观察）better.可知A项正
确；根据Then I purposely left my gloves behind so I could come back again可知B项正确；根
据The next morning, I hired a man to fire a gun on the street可知C正确；根据I stole the
letter by replacing it with a similar one, On it Dupin wrote these words……可知D项虽然也是文
章内容，但是并不是 杜宾为了取得信而做的事情。所以选D。

（4）推理判断。根据I know Minister Danton very well. 和 I visited him with my dark glasses
on以及While we were chatting,可知杜宾与丹顿部长是熟人。故选A。

【点评】故事类阅读要紧扣故事的 时间线索，人物间的关系，故事的发展和结局，点明的
主旨等信息。答题时注意问题中的关键词在文章中 的准确定位，根据关键词查找信息，切

忌主观臆断，凭感觉做题


4．阅读理解

It's hard to turn down a tasty banana. They taste good and you don't have to wash them before
eating them. However, British scientists say that the fruit may disappear by 2050.

One reason for this is climate（气候） change. Scientists at the University of Exeter collected
data（数据） from 27 countries and regions that produce 86 percent of the world's bananas.
They found that climate change has improved growing conditions in 21 of these countries. In the
past 60 years, the average yield（平均产量） has reached 1.37 tons of bananas per hectare（公
顷）.

However, if temperatures keep rising, this advantage will disappear. Ten of the countries,
including India, the world's biggest producer of bananas, will produce fewer bananas. By 2050,
the fruit may die out.

Shouldn't bananas grow more easily if it's hotter outside? In fact, the perfect temperature
range for growing bananas is between 24 and 32 C. If temperatures get too high, they will stop
growing.

Diseases are another danger to bananas. Unlike other crops, the bananas we grow come from
shoot cuttings（茎段） rather than seeds. This means that all banana plants have the same
genotype（基因型）. In other words, if a disease is able to kill one plant, it could kill them all.

One serious disease is called Panama. Caused by fungus（真菌） in the soil, it spreads easily. It
has spread across South Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Australia. If one banana plantation（种
植园） suffers from the disease, it will take 30 years until it is able to grow bananas again.
Scientists have yet to find a cure for this disease.

（1）What does the underlined word this

A. People's love for bananas. B. The taste of bananas.

C. The convenience of eating bananas. D. The future disappearance of bananas.

（2）What might happen if temperatures keep going higher?

A. More countries will start to grow bananas.

B. Bananas will grow better in most countries.

C. Bananas will not be able to grow any more.

D. Bananas won't be as tasty as before.

（3）What does Paragraph 5 tell us?

A. What diseases bananas may suffer from. B. How bananas are grown.

C. How diseases can easily kill bananas. D. Which diseases can kill bananas.

（4）The passage is written to ________.

A. offer tips for growing bananas B. explain why bananas may die out

C. show the difficulties of growing bananas D. describe bananas' growing conditions

【答案】 （1）D

（2）C

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】主要讲了香蕉可能消失的原因。

（1）推断题。根据前句However, British scientists say that the fruit may disappear by 2050.可
知介绍了香蕉可能消失的原因，所以this代指香蕉消失，故选D。

（2）细节题。根据However, if temperatures keep rising, this advantage will disappear. Ten of
the countries, including India, the world's biggest producer of bananas, will produce fewer
bananas. By 2050, the fruit may die out可知温度持续上升，香蕉将更少，最终可能消失，即
不能生长，故选C。

（3）细节题。根据Diseases are another danger to bananas.可知疾病是香蕉的另一个危险，
即疾病是怎样杀死香蕉的，故选C。

（4）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了香蕉可能消失的原因，故选B。

【点评】 考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意
从文中寻找答案；推断题 需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了
解大意之后找出中心思想。


5．阅读理解

Chip was in the first grade when I arrived at his school as a counselor（辅导员）. It was
shocking to me that he was described as an angry, uncontrollable and evil（道德败坏的）boy.
How could such a little boy, after being in school only one year, be considered
next several months, I came to know Chip well enough to see that he was neither evil nor
uncontrollable.

But, one day, Chip threw a chair at his teacher and was sent to my office. I asked him what
made him do this. He replied that his teacher hated him. He felt there was no way to ever get her
to like him. I asked him if he would tell his teacher this. He nodded, and we called her into my
office.

When the teacher came, . He then said that he knew he was a very, very bad boy, and he
didn't think anyone could ever like him. His teacher listened to him with heartfelt compassion.
Then she gave him a big warm hug, telling him she didn't hate him at all and, actually, she cared
very much about him. Only sometimes Chip's behaviour really scared her. It was clear to both
Chip and me that she really meant it.

I put my left arm on his shoulders and the right hand on his heart. I told him how wonderful
and lovely I saw him to be. I praised how special and brave he was to express his hurt feelings.

As I was speaking to him, his whole body came to rest on my right hand next to his heart. It was
a moment in time unlike anything I had experienced before. From then on, I'm pleased to see his
behaviour improved through the rest of school years.

A child's mind is clear and sensitive（敏感的）. He receives whatever others say without
protection. It is as easy to consider someone hopeless as it is to consider him able in his own
special way.

（1）The first paragraph mainly tells us .

A. Chip was very popular at school B. the teacher didn't care about Chip at all

C. Chip had no way to get others to like him D. the writer thought differently about Chip

（2）Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in the blank in the passage?

A. she couldn't control her feelings B. I advised her to be more patient

C. Chip became angry and crazy again D. I encouraged Chip to express his feelings

（3）The underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 shows that Chip .

A. accepted the writer B. wanted a rest C. was quite afraid D. felt a little nervous

（4）What can we learn from the passage?

A. No pains, no gains. B. Love me, love my dog.

C. Expect higher, act better. D. Where there is a will, there is a way.

【答案】 （1）D

（2）D

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文讲述了作者在学校里面对一个被所 有人看成“恶魔”的孩
子,并没有放弃她,反而安慰鼓励她,结果她真的像作者期盼的那样,变得更好了 的事情。。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段第二句It was shocking to me that he wasdescribed as an angry,
uncontrollable and evilboy和 Over the next several months, I came to know Chip well enough to
see that he was neither evil nor uncontrollable.可知作者与别人相比对Chip有不同的看法。故
选D。

（2）信息匹配题。根据下文He then said that he knew he was a very, very bad boy, and
he didn't think anyone could ever like him.可知是在作者鼓励下Chip才会说下文自己的想
法， 故选D。

（3） 推断理解题。根据第五段最后句From then on, I'm pleased to see his behavior
improved through the rest of school y ears可知，自从作者对Chip说了一番话后，他的行为变
得越来越好，因此当时他将身体靠在作者 的右手上表达的应是对作者从内心的接受，可知
Chip已经接受作者的建议，故选A。

（4） 主旨题大意题。文章讲述了作者在学校里面对一个被所有人看成“恶魔” 的孩子，并
没有放弃他反而安慰鼓励他，结果他真的像作者期盼的那样，变得更好了。结合文章最后
一句话结合最 后一段最一句
It is as easy to consider someone hopeless as it it toconsider him able in his own special way可得
出文章主旨，即态度决定事情的结局。当你对人或事有高的期望时，结果往 往会变得更
好。故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题 时结合原文和题目有针对性的找
出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。推理判断题也是要在 抓住关键句子的
基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。


6．阅读理解

Humans have learnt many things from nature. These things have helped us in our daily life. The
latest thing is self-repairing clothing.

Scientists have developed a special way for clothing to repair rips and tears by itself, without

the need for sewing. It works with materials such as cotton, linen and wool. The scientists are
from the Naval Research Office and Pennsylvania State University in the USA. Scientists Dr Walter
Dressick and Dr Melik Demirel looked at how a squid can cling on to things so well. The research
team found a protein in the rings of teeth that cover the suckers on a squid. The protein is similar
to the one found in the silk that spiders use to make spider webs. It is very strong and elastic.

The new protein has been developed as part of a coating, which is put on clothes. When the
coating is dipped in water, the area around the rip or tear joins together in less than a minute.
This could help clothes last longer and save money for us. It could also be useful for military and
survival clothes. People like soldiers and mountaineers would be safer if they had clothes that
could be repaired quickly and easily. Professor Demirel spoke about the invention. He said,
coatings are thin, less than a micron, so they wouldn't be noticed in everyday he
added,
making self-healing textiles.

（1）From what have humans learnt a lot？

A. Books. B. Nature. C. Scientists. D. Clothing.

（2）What is NOT needed for the self-repairing clothes to fix themselves？

A. Tears. B. Cotton. C. Sewing. D. Glue.

（3）What's the Chinese meaning of the underlined words ？

A. 与……相同 B. 与……不同 C. 与……相似 D. 与……一样

（4）The passage is about .

A. the new protein B. the coating C. humans D. the spider

【答案】 （1）B

（2）C

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】主要讲了最新的发明——自我修复衣服。

（1）细节题。根据Humans have learnt many things from nature.人类已经从大自然里学了
许多东西，故选B。

（2）细节题。根据Scientists have developed a special way for clothing to repair rips and tears
by itself, without the need for sewing.可知是不需要缝，故选C。

（3）细节题。根据句子可知这种蛋白质与蜘蛛用来制作蜘蛛网的丝中的蛋白质相似。be
similar to，和……相似，故选C。

（4）细节题。根据The new protein has been developed as part of a coating，可知主要讲了
新型蛋白质，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。


7．阅读理解

What could a poem writer and a film director share? More than you think！Langston Hughes
began writing poems in high school and soon became one of America's greatest writers. Most of
his writing is about his experiences as an African American. He wrote poems about people who

worked hard through life but still found things to be happy about. He wrote plays and books
about justice（正义）for all people, and he wrote kids' books, too. The Sweet and Sour Animal
Book is a book of his animal poems. Pictures and photos were used in the book.
dreams

When Steven Spielberg was in middle school, he wanted to make a film. He had an idea for a
film, but no money. He started a tree-planting business and made his film with the money he
earned. Spielberg never stopped making films, even after many film schools refused him. Today
he is one of the most popular and important filmmakers in the world. His films are about people
who are adventurous（爱冒险的）, brave, kind. His characters often fight for what is good.
Some of his films are about his Jewish background, such as Schindler's List. Spielberg once said,
don't dream that much at night because I dream for a living.
Spielberg have encouraged people of all ages to reach for their dreams.

（1）What is the best title for the passage?

A. Two men who were afraid to dream B. Two filmmakers who were afraid to dream

C. Two writers who weren't afraid to dream D. Two men who weren't afraid to dream

（2）When Langston Hughes became great he was Steven Spielberg, who becomes popular.

A. as old as B. as young as C. younger than D. older than

（3）Which of the following is Langston Hughes' writing not about?

A. His experiences as an African American. B. The fair treatment of animals.

C. Hard-working and happy people. D. The fair treatment of people.

（4）What did Langston Hughes do in his whole life?

A. He never gave up his wish. B. He sometimes had a wish to achieve.

C. He always had no wish to achieve. D. He always wrote poems for films.

【答案】 （1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】主要讲了兰斯顿休斯高中时开始写诗，很快成为美国最伟大的作家之
一，史蒂 文·斯皮尔伯格上中学时，他想拍一部电影，今天他是世界上最受欢迎和最重要的
电影制片人之一，他们 用不同的方式鼓励人们实现他们的梦想。

（1）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了兰斯顿休斯 和史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格用不同的方式鼓励
人们实现梦想，即两个不害怕梦想的人，故选D。

（2）推断题。根据Langston Hughes began writing poems in high school and soon became
one of America's greatest writers. When Steven Spielberg was in middle school, he wanted to
make a film. He had an idea for a film, but no money可知兰斯顿 休斯高中时开始写诗，很快成
为美国最伟大的作家之一，而史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格上中学时，他想拍一部电 影但是没有钱，
所以中学时没有受欢迎，所以兰斯顿休斯变得受欢迎时更年轻，故选C。

（3）细节题。根据Most of his writing is about his experiences as an African American. He
wrote poems about people who worked hard through life but still found things to be happy about.
He wrote plays and books about justice（正义）for all people, and he wrote kids' books, too.可

知他的大部分作品都是关于他作为非裔美国人的经历。他写了一些诗，描写那些在生活中
努力工作，但仍 能找到快乐的事物的人。他为所有人写剧本和关于正义的书，他也写儿童
读物，没有关于动物的公平对待 的，故选B。

（4）细节题。根据Pictures and photos were used in the book.
in a famous Hughes poem. That's exactly what he did throughout his life.书中使 用了图片和照
片。“紧紧抓住梦想”是休斯一首著名的诗中的一句话。这正是他一生所做的。即从不放弃
梦想，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常 考题型，细节题要注意
从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全 文，了
解大意之后找出中心思想。


8．阅读理解

For Schultz, a 77-year-old man, this is a chance of a lifetime. Schultz is part of a group of around
50 Germans who are on a bus journey along the ancient Silk Road.

Speaking of his journey, he says,
child, but now I finally have a chance to experience it.

The two-month bus journey will take the group through Germany, Russia, and other 4
European countries. They will then enter China from the country's western part. It will be an
unforgettable memory for them.

Nearly half of the 13,000-kilometer trip will be inside China. From Xinjiang in the west to
Shanghai in the east, the German visitors will see more than 20 Chinese cities. have
managed the trip of the Silk Road for around 10 years. An increasing number of people, not only
from German-speaking countries, have been joining us,

Almost 26 million foreigners traveled to China in 2015, and about 5 million of them were from
Europe. Beijing, Xi'an, Shanghai and the Yangtze River are traditional Chinese travel destinations
for European tourists. Speaking of where he wants to go, Schultz says,
cities, the culture in western China attracts（吸引）me more.

As Shi Xiang, head of the China Tours, says,
Silk Road is good for people to know more about China, especially the northwestern part of the
country.

（China Daily）

（1）How will the group of around 50 Germans take the tour?

A. By car. B. By train. C. By bus. D. By subway.

（2）According to Liu Guoqiang, how long has China Tours managed the trip?

A. For 26 months. B. For around 10 years. C. For 2 months. D. For about 20 years.

（3）What does the underlined word

A. 标志 B. 道路 C. 品牌 D. 目的地

（4）Which is the best title for this passage?

A. Silk Road: A fashionable way to buy silk

B. Silk Road: An old brand to attract Chinese

C. Silk Road: A new way to learn about China

D. Silk Road: A better chance to see modern cities

【答案】 （1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要 介绍一群德国人通过乘坐巴士沿着古老的丝绸之路
到中国旅行，历经两个月，行程13,000公里，途 径20多个中国的城市，增进了对中国文
化了解。

（1）细节理解题。根据文中的语句Schultz is part of a group of around 50 Germans who are
on a bus journey along the ancient Silk Road.理解可知，这个旅游团乘坐巴士沿着中国的丝绸
之路旅行，故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据文中的语句We have managed the trip of the Silk Road for around 10
years. 理解可知，这次巴士旅行已经计划了十年，故选B。

（3）词义推测题。根据文中的语句Beijing, Xi'an, Shanghai and the Yangtze River are
traditional Chinese travel destinations for European tourists. 以及Speaking of where he wants to
go, 可知，他们在谈论想要去的地方，由此推测北京，西安 ，上海以及长江都是中国传统的
旅行目的地，故选D。

（4）标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了人们通过丝绸之路了解中国。故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题，词义推断题，推理判断题和主旨题等常考题
型，细节题要注意 从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题，词义推断题以及判断题都需要通
读全文，了解大意之后找出正确选 项。


9．阅读理解

A class teacher, in my opinion, plays an important role in a child's development. Every year
when my daughter moves to a new class? I have a usual big worry-her new class teacher. This
year, she is moving to Class Three and I can't wait to see how things are going on.

Last year, my daughter did not like her teacher at all. It was so bad that she did not look
forward to school. It was a year full of trouble and worries.

This year, Miss Purity is gentle and humorous. It's hard not to like her. Here are the changes in
my daughter.

She becomes an early bird. Last year, mornings were like a fight because I had to force Tasha to
hurry up when she was preparing for school. I had to pull her out of bed, tell her to take breakfast
and then drove her to school. But now, our mornings are like a party. She wakes up early,
prepares everything at a high speed and then rushes to school to be with Miss Purity.

She's happy. She enjoys school and schoolwork and keeps talking about what they did at school
when she comes home.

She's responsible. She used to be careless and forgetful. But now she never forgets even her
water bottle at school. She makes her bed and helps in the kitchen.

Her diary is full of praise. The diary is the tool of communication between the teacher and the

parents. Last year, her diary was always full of negative （负面的） reports. One time, she
poured water in a child's lunchbox. Another time she threw another kid's textbook in the toilet.
Now she begins to share her snacks with those who do not have anything. She's always
volunteering to clean the blackboard, the teacher's chair and desk.

She does well in school. Finishing her classwork was such a big problem. She had to do it at
home. But now, she finishes both the classwork and homework at school.

（1）What is the big worry of Tasha's parent every year?

A. Who will be Tasha's class teacher. B. Which class Tasha will be in.

C. How Tasha goes to school in the morning. D. What Miss Purity looks like.

（2）What did Tasha do when she didn't like her class teacher?

A. She had a fight with her mother in the morning.

B. She didn't want to go to school.

C. She missed a lot of classes.

D. She refused to do classwork and homework.

（3）Which of the following is NOT true about Tasha's past?

A. She couldn't finish her classwork at school.

B. She often forgot things at school.

C. She didn't get on well with her classmates.

D. She was careless and silent.

（4）What is NOT mentioned about the changes in Tasha?

A. Her progress with Miss Purity.

B. Her hobbies.

C. Her living habit.

D. Her behavior at school.

【答案】 （1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要介绍一个班主任在孩子的成长过程中起着重要的作用。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一行Every year when my daughter moves to a new class，I have a
usual big worry- her new class teacher每一年，当我的女儿搬到了一个新的班级，我通常会有
一个大烦恼- 她的新班主任。可知，塔莎的父亲每年最大的担心是谁将是塔莎的班主任，故
答案为A。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段It was so bad that she did not look forward to school它是如此
糟糕，她不想上学．可知，当塔莎不喜欢班主 任的时候，就不愿意去上学，故答案为B。

（3）细节理解题。根据文中语句She used to be careless and forgetful她曾经是粗心的和健
忘的，可 知，D选项她很粗心的和沉默的不正确．故答案为D。

（4）细节理解题。根据But now，she finished both the classwork and homework at
school．但现在，她完成了在学校的功课和作业．可知，A选项和Purity小姐呆在一 起的
进步提到了；根据But now，our mornings are like a party．She wakes up early但是现在，

我早上就像聚会．她很 早就醒了，可知，C选项她的生活习惯提到了；根据he's always
volunteering to clean the blackboard，the teacher's chair and desk．他总是主动擦黑板，老师
的椅子和桌子．可知， D选项她在学校的行为．提到了；B选项她的兴趣文中没提到，
故答案为B。

【点 评】考查阅读理解。本文主要考查细节理解题，首先仔细阅读文后的问题，弄清问题
的大意；然后带着问 题阅读短文，抓住关键信息，选择正确答案。


10．阅读理解

Interesting festivals in the world

Throwing tomatoes-Spain（西班牙）

Spain takes
being thrown, not eaten. The festival takes place on the last

Wednesday in August, Trucks（卡车） carry tomatoes into the square.
People rush to the tomatoes and throw them into the crowd.

Rolling cheese -England

This festival is celebrated in May. It takes place on Copper's Hill. A large
wheel of cheese（奶酪） is rolled down Copper's Hill, The festival is
actually a race where people run down the hill after the rolling cheese.
the cheese.

Burning man -The United States

The Burning Man Festival is held annually, spanning from the last
Sunday in August to the first Monday in September（Labor Day）. The

The first person to cross the finish line at the bottom of the hill wins

festival takes place in Black Rock Desert. The best part of the festival is
the burning of a large sculpture of a man.

Pouring water-Thailand

The Songkran Festival is the celebration of the New Year in Thailand.
Rather than a single day, Thailand celebrates the New Year from April

13th to April 15th. Thai people run after each other, pouring water.
Songkran is one of the most important reasons why foreigners travel to
the beautiful land.

（1）Where will you probably go to enjoy one of the festivals above in May?

A. Spain. B. England. C. The United States. D. Thailand.

（2）Which activity is held in Black Rock Desert?

A. Throwing tomatoes. B. Rolling cheese. C. Burning man. D. Pouring water.

（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The tomatoes are thrown into the crowd to eat.

B. Not all the festivals above fall on a single day.

C. Burning a large real man is the best part of the Burning Man Festival.

D. Songkran is the only reason for attracting lots of tourists.

【答案】 （1）B

（2）C

（3）B

【解析】【分析】文章大意：短文介绍了世界上有趣的节日：西班牙的扔西红柿节、英格兰的滚奶酪节、美国的火烧人狂欢节和他国的泼水节。

（1）细节理解题，根据Rolling cheese -England This festival is celebrated in May. 可知五月份
可以去英国，故答案是B。

（2）细节理解题，根据 Burning man -The United States The festival takes place in Black Rock
Desert. 可知火烧人狂欢节放生在黑岩沙漠，故答案是C。

（3）正误判断题，根据文章内容可知， 哪一个节日也不是在一天之内结束的，因此B的
陈述是正确的，故答案是B。

【点 评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和正误判断题。细节理解题可以直接从文中
寻找答案；正误判断 题属于细节理解题的一种，也需要根据文章内容进行判定。


11．阅读理解

School is a good place for us to study. Yet sometimes, it's easy for us to have accidents there.
Experts suggest that right safety training could avoid 80% of these accidents. Here are parts of
safety rules in some countries.

In China, fire training at school is common to teach students to deal with emergencies （紧
急情况）. During the training，students hurry to the playground with a wet cloth covering
their mouth. Fire training is held each term.

In Japan, public elementary schools hold earthquake training once a month. They teach
students how to escape during an earthquake without pushing.

Most US school buildings have fire escapes on each floor. A fire escape has platforms（露
台） with ladders（梯子）.

In many middle schools in the UK, students can choose to take a bicycle course. There, they
learn how to ride to school safely.

（1）Students should receive right safety training because _______.

A. it is easy B. it could avoid most of these accidents

C. it is interesting D. it is accepted by the teachers

（2）If there is a fire, Chinese students should go to the playground hurriedly _______.

A. with a wet cloth covering their mouth B. by using ladders

C. by bike D. by pushing each other

（3）This passage mainly talks about _______.

A. how to escape from earthquakes B. how to put out the fire

C. some school safety rules in some countries D. a bicycle course

【答案】 （1）B

（2）A

（3）B

【解析】【分析】文章大意：校园是学习的地方，也是事故高发地，短文介绍 了几个国家
有关学校的安全规则。

（1）细节理解题，根据 Experts suggest that right safety training could avoid 80% of
these accidents. 可知接受正确的安全训练，可以避免大部分的事故。故答案是B。

（2）细节理解题，根据 fire training at school is common to teach students to deal with
emergencies （紧急情况）. During the training，students hurry to the playground with a
wet cloth covering their mouth. Fire training is held each term. 可知，在中国，火灾发生的
时候，学生应该用湿毛巾捂住嘴迅速跑到操场，故答案是A。

（3）主旨大意题，根据文章内容可知，短文主要介绍了介个国家的学校安全规则，故答
案是C。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到了细节理解题和主旨大意题，细节理解题一般可直接从文中找到答案，主旨大意题需要在充分理解文章的基础上归纳文章的中心，选出正确答
案。


12．阅读理解

Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history? Many people would say: Confucius（孔子）.
September 28is his birthday. He was born over 2, 000 years ago, but people still remember him
on this day. Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, part of today's Shandong Province. He lived
during the Spring and Autumn Period. His childhood was sad. His father died when he was only 3
and he had to work to help his mother. But young Confucius didn't give up studying. He visited
many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.

Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history. At that time
only children from rich families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to
school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3, 000 students in his lifetime.

Today, people still follow Confucius' lessons. He told us that everyone has something worthy to
be learned.
select their good qualities and follow them. I take their bad qualities and change them in myself.
（困惑的）. All thinking but
no study makes people lazy.

Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the
world and society. His most important teachings are about kindness and good manners.
person should care for others. Be strict with yourself, but he kind to others,

（1）Confucius started the first public school so that.

A. he could find himself a job as a teacher

B. children could learn at school rather than at home

C. he could be the first teacher in Chinese history

D. children from poor families could go to school as well

（2）Confucius not only gave lessons but also.

A. encouraged people to be strict

B. provided students with puzzles

C. advised people to behave well

D. taught students how to make friends

（3）What can we learn from Confucius according to the passage?

A. Thinking is very important in study.

B. We can learn everything from others.

C. We should always care for ourselves.

D. Learning music and sports is popular.

（4）Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

A. Confucius' teaching methods

B. A great man with a hard childhood

C. A person who changed Chinese history

D. Confucius-a great teacher and thinker

【答案】 （1）D

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了孔子，他不仅是一位伟大的老师，也是一位著名的思想家，
他对世 界和社会有着明智的思考。

（1）推理题。根据 he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese
history. At that time only children from rich families could go to school, but Confucius
believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3, 000
students in his lifetime. 他成为一名教师，并开办了中国历史 上第一所公立学校。那时只有
富裕家庭的孩子才能上学，但是孔子认为如果每个人都想学习，就应该去上 学。他一生大
约有3000名学生 可知孔子开办了第一所公立学校使得贫困家庭的孩子也可以上学 ， 故选
D。

（2）推理题。根据 Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise
thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings are about kindness and good
manners.
said. 孔子不仅是一位伟大 的老师，也是一位著名的思想家，他对世界和社会有着明智的思
考。他最重要的教导是关于善良和礼貌。 “一个善良的人应该关心别人。对自己要求严格，
但他对别人很好，”他说。 可知孔子不仅上课，而且建议人们表现良好，故选C。

（3）推理题。根据 He also taught us,
（困惑的）. All thinking but no study makes people lazy. 他还教导我们，“只学习不思考
让人迷惑（困惑的）。只思考不学习会让人变懒。” 可知思考在学习中非常重要 ， 故选
A。

（4）主旨题。根据本文介绍了孔子 ，他不仅是一位伟大的老师，也是一位著名的思想
家，他对世界和社会有着明智的思考可知 Confucius-a great teacher and thinker 适合做标
题，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及推断题和主旨，推断题需 要联系上下文，推断出需要的
信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

13．阅读理解

Have you noticed your life becoming a little easier? Now, when you go to a certain shopping
mall, you can enjoy its free Wi-Fi there. When you want to take a taxi, you can book one with
your phone. In fact, all these can be seen as the basic parts of a smart city.

The idea of a smart city was brought up by US company IBM in 2010. Generally, a smart city is a
city that uses digital technologies such as the Internet to improve city planning, save money and
resources, and make our life convenient. How smart can a city be? Here are great examples that
we can learn from.

In 2009, Dubuque became the first smart city in the US. The city used smart water meters to
take the place of traditional water me tens. They can detect （探测） water waste and leakage
（泄漏） and send data to let the house owner know. The same system is used for other city
resources like electricity and natural gas. In this way, people know how they use their resources
and are glad to help reduce waste.

Santander in Spain also gives us a look at the future. If people point a phone toward a nearby
bus stop, the phone immediately shows all bus lines that serve the stop as well as their arrival
times. The government organized a research team and provided an App （应用程序） that
collects data on almost everything: light, temperature, and the movements of cars and people.
Opening the App near a supermarket provides immediate information on special offers.

（1）The underlined word

A. useful B. normal C. suitable D. easy

（2）Compared with traditional water meters, smart water meters do better in ______.

A. cleaning water B. supplying water C. saving water D. producing water

（3）The example of Santander shows the use of smart systems in aspects （方面） EXCEPT
______.

A. business B. health care C. traffic controlling D. public transportation

（4）What's the main idea of the passage?

A. Digital technologies help improve city planning.

B. Smart cities will make our future life better and smarter.

C. Smart cities are very common in both Dubuque and Santander.

D. Spain and the US take the leading position in building smart cities.

【答案】 （1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】 【分析】文章大意：文章主要对智能城市进行了基本介绍，又通过迪比克和桑坦
德的例子介绍了智能城市 为生活所带来的便捷。

（1）猜测词句题。由语句Generally, a small city is a city that uses digital technologies such as
the Internet to improve city planning, save money and resources 可知，总的来说，小城市就是
使用数码科技例如互联网去提 高城市计划，节省金钱和资源。由此可推知，节省金钱、能

源，可以使我们的生活更加轻 松便捷。easy 意为“轻松的”，符合题意。useful 意为“有用
的”，normal 意为“普通的”，suitable 意为“适合的”，均不符合题意。故正确答案为D。

（2）细节理解题。由文中语句This way, people know they use their resources and are glad to
help reduce waste 可知 ，通过这种方式，人们就可以知道他们使用的资源并愿意减少资源
的浪费。由此可知，智能水表可以在节 约水资源方面做的比传统水表更好。save water 意
为“节约水资源”，符合题意。故正确答案为C。

（3）细节理解题。A项，由第四段第四句 Opening the App near a supermarket provides
immediate information on special offers 可知，在超市旁边打开这个应用程序，可以马上推送
特价商品的信息。 由此可推知，智能系统在商业（business）中有所应用。B项，health
care 意为“健康管理”，文章没有提及。C项，由第四段第二句 If people point a phone toward
a nearby bus stop, the phone immediately shows all bus lines that sever the stop as well as their
arrival times 可知，如果人们用手机 指向一个附近的公交车站，手机就会马上展示出所有的
会在这站停的公交车路线。由此可推知，智能系统 在交通控制（traffic controlling）方面有
所应用。D项，由第四段第二句 If people point a phone toward a nearby bus stop, the phone
immediately shows all bus lines that sever the stop as well as their arrival times 可知，如 果人们
用手机指向一个附近的公交车站，手机就会马上展示出所有的会在这站停的公交车路线。
由此可推知，智能系统在公共交通（public transportation）方面有所应用。故正确答案为
B。

（4）主旨归 纳题。A项，意为“电子科技帮助提升了城市规划”，只在第一段中有所提及。
故A项错误。B项，意为 “智能城市使我们未来的生活更好更智能”，文章主要对智能城市
进行了基本介绍，又通过迪比克和桑坦 德的例子介绍了智能城市为生活所带来的便捷。故
B项正确。C项，意为“智能城市在迪比克和桑坦德非 常普遍”，文章第三段和第四段主要介
绍了智能应用在两座城市中的应用，并没有提到普及型。故C项错 误。D项，意为“西班牙
和美国在建设智能城市方面处于领导地位”，文章提到美国的迪比克是第一个智 能城市，西
班牙也采用了智能城市，但是并没有提到领导地位。故D项错误。故正确答案为B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了
解大意之后 找出中心思想。


14．阅读理解

Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right
family, and others Believe that success mostly Comes down to luck. I'm not going to say luck,
talent, and Circumstances（境遇）don't Come into play because they do. Some people are born
into the right family while others are Born with great intelligence, and that's just the reality of

how life is.

However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then make it more practical. And,
vesides that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10, 000 hours
studying and practising. To vecome great at certain things, it'll require even more time, which
most people won't put in.

This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. If you
don't enjoy what you do, it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you give up
before you ever become good at it.

When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success, you know
that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there. It's sometimes easy to think they got
lucky or they were Born with some unusual talent, But thinking that way does you no good, and
there's a huge Chance that you're wrong anyway.

No matter what you do, if you want to Become great at it, you need to work day in and day out,
almost to the point of addiction（入迷）, and over a long period of time. If you're not willing to
put in the time and work, don't expect to receive any rewards. Hard work won't guarantee（保
证）you the level of success you may want, But it will guarantee that you will Become really good
at whatever it is you put all that work into.

（1）Paragraph 1 mainly talks about __________.

A. the reasons for success

B. the meaning of success

C. the standards of success

D. the importance of success

（2）The underlined word

A. putting in more time

B. succeeding in life

C. Being good at something

D. setting a practical goal

（3）Successful people suggest doing what one loves Because __________.

A. work makes him feel pain

B. he is likely to enjoy his work

C. he gives up his work easily

D. it takes a lot of time to succeed

（4）What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To explain that luck or talent leads to success.

B. To tell us that one cannot succeed without time and practice.

C. To show us that having a goal is the main reason to success.

D. To describe that successful people like to show their great skills.

【答案】 （1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是介绍 成功的关键因素不是天赋、出身或运气，而是设定一个符 合
实际的目标，然后为此不断地努力、付出。巨大的努力也许无法确保你想要的成功，但是
你为 之付出的（领域）一定会成为你的优势所在。

（1）主旨题。 第一段主要分析了成功的原 因，有人认为是天赋、出身或者运气，但是作
者并不完全认同，认为这只是生活的现实而已。故A项， 成功的原因是正确。B项意为“成
功的意义”；C项意为“成功的标准”；D项意为“成功的重要性”， 均与第一段不相关，故选
A。

（2）词义猜测题。根据 to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then make it more
practical. And, vesides that, in order to get really good at something 可知that指代setting a
practical goal，设定一个实际的目标 ，故选D。

（3）推理题。根据 This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do
something you love. If you don't enjoy what you do, it is going to feel like unbearable pain and
will likely make you give up before you ever become good at it. 成功人士建议做自己喜欢的事
情，因为他很可能喜欢他的工作，故选B。

（4）推理题。根据本文是介绍 成功的关键因素不是天赋、出身或运气，而是设定一个符
合实际的目标 ，然后为此不断地努力、付出。巨大的努力也许无法确保你想要的成功，但
是你为之付出的（领域）一定 会成为你的优势所在。可知文章的主要目的是告诉我们没有
时间和实践就不会成功，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及推断题，词义猜测题和主旨题，推断题需要联系上下
文，推 断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要
通读全文，了解大意之 后找出中心思想。


15．阅读理解

Survey：What were you scared of when you were a kid?

I was scared of spiders but I didn't let my friends know because all of them liked catching
these spiders. I was terrified but I just acted cool.

—Buding, still afraid of spiders

I was scared of the dark because I didn't know if there was something scary inside the
room. As a result, I always liked sleeping with my back facing the wall because it made me a
little comfortable.

—Gerard, not so afraid of the dark anymore, but still sleeps with his back facing the wall

Strange as it probably sounds, I was scared of shadows（影子）.Not the shadows
themselves, but what they formed（形成）.Because I was near-sighted（近视的）, the
shadows I saw formed into the scariest things I saw in my mind.

—Jean, no longer afraid of shadows

I was afraid of the old woman who lived alone right in front of us. Very large trees covered
the front part of her small house. The few times I saw the old woman, it scared me because
she looked like a witch（女巫）.Once I was playing volleyball with my friends and the ball flew
into her house. We all ran home quickly and decided that it was okay to lose the ball instead of

seeing her come out of the house.

—Mac, who has already moved to a different house

（1）Buding used to be afraid of .

A. the dark B. spiders C. shadows D. an old woman

（2）Gerard sleeps.

A. with the light on B. with his parents

C. with the window open D. with his back facing the wall

（3）There is something wrong with Jean's .

A. legs B. back C. yes D. feet

（4）The old woman lived in a small house .

A. by herself B. with her daughter C. with her husband D. with her grandmother

【答案】 （1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了一些人童年害怕的东西。

（1）细节题。根据文章提到的 Buding, still afraid of spiders 可知， Buding害怕蜘蛛，故
选B。

（2）细节题。根据文章提到的 Gerard, not so afraid of the dark anymore, but still sleeps
with his back facing the wall 可知，他睡觉的时候需要背对着墙，故选D。

（3）细节题。根据文章提到的 Because I was near-sighted 可知，Jean的眼睛有问题，故
选C。

（4）细节题。根据文章提到的 I was afraid of the old woman who lived alone right in
front of us 可知，这个老妇女独自生活，故选A。

【点评】 本文考查了阅读理解，考查了细节题，做此类题首先熟悉文章大意，然后熟悉问
题，带着问题到文章中找 出答案，注意细节。