海关新政-情况汇报

副词(adv.)修饰形容词或动词,形容词(adj.)修饰名词或者代词.
副词一般以ly结尾. 副词在句中作状语,一般靠近谓语动词或者在句首或者句末.
形容词靠近所修饰的名词或代词，作定语.
建议你多读英语课本，有意识的分析句子的结构,找出主.谓.宾. 相信你的外语会
有明显的提高的.

容易混淆的形容词和副词
形容词用来 修饰名词；副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。可是，
有时形容词和副词容易混淆。例如 “A fast train reached the destination fast”中的
第 一个“fast”是形容词，第二个就是副词。此外，有些词既能是形容词，也能是
副词，有些词义不变 ，另些词义不同；有些形容词加上后缀“-ly”构成的副词和原
来的形容词意思相近，但有一些意义则 相差甚远；更有些形容词，除自己本身能
兼而充当副词之外，又可以再加上后缀“-ly”构成派生副词 ，若不小心，容易引起
混淆。


下面分别举例说明：
⑪可作形容词又可作副词，词义不同如：
①a. Joelle is a pretty child.（形容词）
b. Tom will be back pretty soon.（副词）
②a. The old man has been ill for some time.（形容词）
b. Don't speak ill of others.（副词）
⑫既是形容词，也是副词，句子中的语法功能不同，但意义一样，如：
③a. What a deep ocean it is !（深的）
b. The boy dug deep into the ground.（深）
④a. Look at the high mountain!（高的）
b. Birds fly high in the sky.（高）
⑬形容词可以充当副词，又可以加上后缀， 构成派生副词。在某些场合，两者相近，可以通用
（如例⑤和⑥）；在另一些场合里，两者意思有异，不 可混为一谈（如例⑦和⑧）：
⑤a. Hold it tight, please!
b. Hold it tightly, please!
⑥a. Please read slower.
b. Please read more slowly.
⑦a. John came late yesterday.（迟）
b. John has been working hard lately.（最近）
⑧a. Jason works hard.（努力地）
b. Susan hardly works.（几乎不）
⑭有些形容词或副词，同时有多个意思，如：
⑨a. Hard labour（苦工）
b. Hard times（艰难时代）
⑩a. The baby is fast asleep.（睡得熟）
b. Run fast, please!（ 请快跑）
c. Hold the rope fast!（紧握绳索）

⑮同词根的派生形容词和形容词及分词间，意思虽甚接近，但容易引起混乱，如：
11a. The child is sleepy.（昏昏欲睡）
b. The child is still asleep.（还在睡眠中）
c. Why are you looking at the sleeping child?（睡着的）
12a. Diana feels lonely lonesome in the big house.（感到寂寞）
b. Mary was alone in the office last night.（独自）
13a. Irene was awake the whole night last night.（整夜未眠）
b. Tom had a wakeful night last night.（整夜未眠）
c. What did you do during your waking hours last night?（醒着的时刻）

(a)和(b)意思相近，但(a)的 awake 只能作补足语；(b)的 wakeful 则没有这个局限。
(c)里的waking 现在分词和(a)及(b)的两个形容词也似同非同，不易随意取代。
在英语中,某些形容词词形同时也可作副词,但这些形容词还有加后缀-ly 副词的形式,因
此这类词就有两种副词形式，它们在用法上有些可以互换， 有些是有区别，下面笔者
对这类词做一总结。
一般地说，可以互换的这类词，形容词词形的副词表示比较具体的概念， 经常用语口
语中，不太正式；后缀-ly形式的副词，表示比较抽象的概念，有引申义，并有一定感情色彩，变副词比较级时，用此类副词，如修饰动词和分词，放在它们前面。

1) cheap: often used instead of cheaply, esp. in casual conversation and with verbs like buy
and sell
Do you like this shirt? I bought it really cheaply.
cheaply I can't sell you more cheaply.
2) clean: completely, used with (1) verb forget (2) the proposition over, through (3) adv away
out
I ~ forget. The ball sailed ~ over the roof.
The prisoner got ~ away. I am afraid I am clean out of food.
cleanly: precisely in a clean manner, often used with v cut.
He caught the ball ~ . The doctor cut ~ through the abdominal wall.
3) clear: not touching
Please stand clear of the gate.
clearly: distinctly, obviously, similar to the meaning of clear
I can't see ~ without my glasses.
We ~need to think again.
4) close: near
Come close, I want to tell you something.
closely: carefully, with great attention
Study this ~ it's very important.
5) dead: exactly completely, used in certain expressions
~ right, ~ sure, ` tired, ~ slow, ~ ahead, ~ drunk, ~ straight
deadly: fatally
He was ~ injured in the crash.
6) direct: used instead of directly in talking about journeys and timetables
The plane goes ~ from London to Houston.

7) easy: used in certain expressions
Take it easy. easy come, easy go.
Easier said than done.
easily I can do very easily.
8) fair: used in the expression play ~, fight ~
fairly: justly, honestly
You must do it ~.
9) fine: well, used in some expressions
That suits me fine. You are doing ~.
finely: elaborately (细微地） (not commonly used
He studied it very finely.
10) free: without payment
You can't eat ~ in my restaurant.
freely: without limit or restriction(限制）
You can't speak ~ in front of my father.
11) hard: to show degree
He hit hard.
hardly: almost not
12) high it refers to high position.
Don't go higher. It is dangerous.
highly: it refers to an extreme degree
She is ~ paid. It is ~ amusing.
13) just: a moment ago I have just come here.
justly: in accordance with justice or the law.
You must do it justly.
14) late: not on time He hates arriving late.
lately: recently I haven't heard from you lately.
15) loud: used instead of loudly in informal conversation with the verbs talk, speak, shout,
laugh
loudly: in a big voice They quarreled ~.
16) low: in a small voice
Can you speak low?
lowly: in a humble way
Don't speak to him lowly.
17) most: very Which do you like most?
mostly: mainly, most often, in most cases
18) pretty: rather ~ well, ~ soon
prettily: pleasing to people (悦人地）
He danced ~.
19) quick: in informal English used instead of quickly
quickly He acted ~.
20) real in informal English used instead of really
really Are you ~ tell me the truth.

21) right: just, exactly, all the way
The ball hit me ~ in the nose.
He arrived ~ after breakfast.
Turn right at the traffic lights.
rightly: correctly right can be used informally instead of rightly
You guessed right(ly)
22) sharp: punctually 准时地
He arrived at six o'clock ~.
sharply: 锐利地，急剧地
look ~ speak ~
23) short: suddenly
The car stopped suddenly.
shortly: soon He will come shortly.
24) slow used in informal conversation instead of slowly
go ~, drive ~
25) sound: 彻底地 used in the expression sound asleep
soundly: 非常好地 He is sleeping soundly.
26) straight and straightly used in the same way.
27) sure: used in American English meaning certainly
surely: He speaks very surely.
28) tight: used instead of tightly in informal conversation.
hold ~, pack ~. The door was shut ~.
tightly: We'd better sit tightly.
29)wide: He opened his eyes wide.
widely: in many different places
He has traveled widely.
30) wrong used instead of wrongly in informal conversation.
You guessed wrong(ly)