adj,adv比较级最高级
开斋节是哪个民族的-小学语文教学设计
形容词和副词的比较级与最高级
概念引入
1.比较级及最高级名言
Blood is thicker than
water. 血浓于水。
Learning makes the wise wiser and
the fool more foolish.
学问使聪明人更聪明,使愚人更愚。
A
good fame is better than a good face.
美名胜过美貌。
Don’t try to look bigger and better than you
really are.
不要装得比自己真实形象更高大,更完美。
The
deepest feeling always shows itself in silence.
最深沉的爱往往表现为沉默。
The greatest talker are the
least doers.
理论的巨人,行动的矮子。
Science is the
most important and the most beautiful thing that
man ever requires.
科学是人类所需要的最重要和最美好的东西。
He
that runs fastest gets the ring.
捷足先登。
2.形容词及副词比较级及最高级的定义
大多数的形容词和副词都有三个级别:
原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更„„”,
用于两者之间的比较,用来说明“前者比后者更„
„”,比较级前面一般用much, even,
a little修饰,其中even, much
只能修饰比较级。当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行
比较时,需要用到形容词(副词)的最高级。表达“
„„是最„„的”,用“the+形容词(副
词)的最高级”的结构。后面可以加上表示范围的介词短语
或从句。
例如:
He is much taller than I.
他比我要高得多。
I jump a little higher than he.
我跳得比他高一点点。
London is the biggest city in
Britain. 伦敦是英国最大的城市。
She sings the best in
Class Two. 二班她唱歌最好。
用法讲解
1. 形容词和副词比较级、最高级的变化规则
(1)规则变化的形容词及副词的比较级和最高级
一般在词尾直接加er或est。
例如:tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest
以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st。
例如:nice-nicer-
nicest
以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加er或est。
例如:heavy-heavier-heaviest
重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est。
例如:big-bigger-biggest
部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级。
例如:slowly-more slowly-most
slowly;beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
(2)不规则变化的形容词及副词的比较级和最高级
原级
goodwell
badillbadly
manymuch
little
far
比较级
better
worse
more
less
farther
further
old older
elder
最高级
best
worst
most
least
farthest
furthest
oldest
eldest
2. 比较级和最高级句型:
(1)形容词及副词比较级的句型:
1)比较级+than...:„„比„„较为„„。即:“A
+动词+形容词或副词比较级+
than+B”。两者相比较,A比B更„„一些。
例如:
His brother is younger than I(me).
他弟弟比我年轻。
Beijing is more beautiful than
Wuhan. 北京比武汉更漂亮。
【注意】
在比较级前有时可加一些修饰语,如much, a lot, a little, still,
even等以示强
调或加强语气。
例如:
This box is a
little heavier than yours.
这个箱子比你的要稍重一些。
This movie is much more interesting than
that one.
这部影片比那部有趣得多。
2) as...
as:„„和„„相同。 即:A+动词+as+形容词或副词原级+as+B,表示A
和B两者比较,
程度相同,“„„和„„相同”。
例如:
My uncle is as
tall as your father. 我叔叔和你父亲一样高。
My dog is
as old as that one. 我的狗与那个狗年龄一样大。
3)
A+not+as+形容词或副词原级+as+B
表示A,B两者程度不同,即“A不如B
那么„„”。
例如:
My
uncle is not as tall as your father. 我叔叔不如你父亲高。
Tom is not as honest as John. 汤姆不如约翰诚实。
He can’t run as so fast as you. 他没你跑得快。
4)“比较级+ and+比较级”或“more and more +
原级(多音节词和部分双音节词)”
意为“越来越„„”。
例如:
Our city is more and more beautiful.
我们的城市越来越美丽了。
More and more countries begin to
save the financial crisis.
越来越多的国家开始拯救金融危机。
5)“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”意为“越„„就越„„”。
例如:
The more you read, the more you know.
你书读得越多,你知道得就越多。
(2)形容词及副词最高级的句型:
1)„one of
the +最高级+名词复数,意为“„„之一”。
例如:
Lu Xun is one
of the greatest writers last century.
鲁迅是上世纪最伟大的作家之一。
2)„最高级+of
(inamong)„,意为“„„之中,最„„”。
例如:
Of all the
movie stars, I think Zhang Ziyi is the best.
在所有的电影明星之中,我认为章子怡是最好的。
3) This is was +
最高级+名词+that定语从句,意为“这是最„„”。
例如:
This is the
worst film that I have seen these years.
这是我这些年来看过的最不好的一部电影。
3.
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级需要注意点:
(1)当比较级后面有of the
two„之类的词语时,比较级前要加定冠词the。
例如:
Lucy is
the taller of the twins.
Lucy是双胞胎中比较高的那个。
(2)如果后面接名词时,much more + 不可数名词,many more +
可数名词复数。
例如:
The farmers have produced
much more rice.
这些农夫收了更多的稻谷。
(3)old的比较级形式有older和elder。elder只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。
例如:
My elder brother is a famous artist.
我哥哥是一名有名的艺术家。
(4)far的比较级形式有farther和further。一
般farther表示距离,而further
表示更进一步。
例如:
I
have nothing further to say. 我没有什么要说的了。
(5)
形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,但如果最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词
所有格等修饰时,则
不用定冠词。
例如:
My oldest daughter is 16
years old. 我最大的女儿16岁。
(6) 形容词最高级常与由介词in或of引导
的表示范围的短语连用。若介词后的名词或
代词与句中的主语是同一事物时,则用of短语;当只说明是
在某一空间、时间范围内的比
较时,则用in短语。
例如:
This apple is the biggest of all. 在所有的苹果中,这个苹果最大。
He is the youngest in his class. 他在他班里年龄最小。
(7) 形容词最高级前可用序数词限定,共同修饰后面的名词,其结构为:the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词。
例如:
Hainan is the second
largest island in China. 海南是中国的第二大岛。
(8)
形容词最高级的意义还可以用比较级形式表达。常见的有:
1)形容词比较级+than any
other+单数名词。
例如:
This book is more
difficult than any other book here.
= This
book is the most difficult book of all.
这些书当中这本最难。
2) 形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词。
例如:
Asia is bigger than the other
continents on the earth.亚洲是地球上最大的洲。
(9)
形容词最高级前若有不定冠词a,这时,它不表示比较,而表示“非常”的意思。
例如:
Spring is a best season. 春天是一个非常好的季节。
巩固练习
I.写出下列形容词与副词的比较级及最高级形式。
1. long
_________ _________ 2. wide _________
_________
3. fat _________ _________ 4.
heavy_________ _________
5. far _________
_________ 6. interesting _________ _________
7. wet_________ _________ 8. hot _________
_________
9. nice _________ _________ 10.
much _________ _________
II. 用所给词的正确形式填空。
1. Of the
two girls, I find Lucy the _______ (clever) one.
2. Gold(黄金) is ______ (little) useful than
iron(铁).
3. My sister is two years _______
(old) than I.
4. The boy is not so ______
(interesting) as his brother.
5. Dick sings
_____ (well), she sings ______(well) than John.
6. She will be much ______ (happy) in her new
house.
7. She is _________(calm) than her
friend.
8. Lucy is the _________(outgoing) of
the two girls.
9. This room is not as
_________(big) as that one.
10. He lives
_________(far) away from the school than I do.
11. Tom is _____________ (tall) of the three.
12. Li Lei is _____________ (young) boy in his
class.
13. I think English is _____________
(interesting) of all the subjects .
14. David
has_____________ (many) story books of all the
students.
15. Li Lei speaks English
_____________ (well) in his group.
16. Lucy
runs _____________(slow) in her class.
17. This is _______________(difficult) book in
my bag.
18. Which is ____________(far) of the
three places?
19. The Changjiang River is one
of _________(long) rivers in the world.
20.
Which city is ___________ (beautiful), Xi’an,
Beijing or Nanjing?
III. 句型转换,每空一词。
1. Basketball is more popular than football in
the USA. (改为同义句)
Football is _________
_________ popular as basketball in the USA.
2.
Tom is tall. Jim is short.(合并为一句)
Tom is
_________ _________ Jim.
3. Mike is not as
quiet as his brother.(改为同义句)
Mike’s brother is
_________ _________ Mike.
4. I’m athletic.
He’s athletic, too. (合并为一句)
I am _________
_________ _________ he is.
5. My dictionary
isn’t so thick as yours.
My dictionary is
_________ than yours.
IV. 完成句子,每空一词。
1. 我的哥哥比你高。
My brother is _________
_________ you.
2. 他不如他的弟弟外向。
He isn’t
_________ _________ _________ his brother.
3. 我想我比杰克高一点。
I think I am _________
_________ _________ than Jack.
4.
春天来了,天气越来越暖和了。
Spring is coming, it gets
_________ _________ _________.
5.
你学习越努力,成绩就会越好。
_________ _________ you
study, _________ _________ grades you will get.
6. 那个短发的女孩是我们班最高的。
The girl with short
hair is __________ __________ in our class.
7. 今天是一年中最热的一天。
Today is __________
__________ day of the year.
8.中国第二大城市是哪座城市?
Which is __________ __________ __________
__________ in China?
9. 他的房间是三个中最干净的一个。
His room is __________ __________ of the three.
10. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
The Yangtze River
is __________ __________ __________ __________
__________ in
the world.
V. 单项选择。
1. Water pollution is one of ___________ in
our country.
A. serious problem B. the
more serious problems
C. most serious
problems D. the most serious problems
2. Of all the students in our
class, Jack is ___________.
A. taller B.
tallest C. the tallest D. very tall
3. This is ___________ book in our library.
A. the most interesting B. most interesting C.
the more interesting D.
more interesting
4. I think the song in the film “Titanic” is
___________ one of all the movie
songs.
A. the most beautiful B. most beautiful C. a
beautiful D. much more
beautiful
5. Mr. Smith thought the Century Park was the
second ___________ in Shanghai.
A. large
B. larger C. largest D. very large
I.写出下列形容词与副词的比较级及最高级形式。
1.
longer,longest 2. wider,widest 3.
fatter,fattest 4. heavier,
heaviest
5.
fartherfurther, farthest furthest 6. more
interesting,most interesting
7.
wetter,wettest 8. hotter, hottest , nicest 10.
more, most
II. 用所给词的正确形式填空。
1.
cleverer 2. less 3. older 4.
interesting
5. well; better
6.
happier 7. calmer 8. more outgoing 9.
big
10. farther
11. the tallest
12. the youngest 13. the most interesting
14. the most
15. (the)best 16. (the)
slowest (the) most slowly 17. the most
difficult 18. the farthest
19.
the longest 20. the most beautiful
III.
句型转换,每空一词。
1. not as 2. taller than 3.
quieter than 4. as athletic as 5. thinner
IV. 完成句子,每空一词。
1. taller than 2. asso
outgoing as 3. a little taller 4. warmer
and warmer
5. The harder; the better
6. the tallest 7. the hottest 8. the
second largest city
9. the cleanest
10. one of the longest rivers
V.单项选择。
1. D。“„one of the +最高级+名词复数”表示“„„之一”。
2.
C。由前文的 of all the students可知应该用最高级。
3.
A。根据in our library可知应该用最高级,且形容词最高级前加the。
4.
A。根据of all the movie songs可知用最高级,beautiful的最高级是the
most
beautiful。
5. C。形容词最高级前可用序数词限定,共同修饰
后面的名词,其结构为:the+序数词
+形容词最高级+名词。