什么是名词性从句形容词性从句
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什么是名词性从句、形容词性从句？
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。
名词从句的功能相当于名词词
组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此
根据它在句中不同
的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
形容词性从句--定语从句
用来修饰名词,代词,句子等,在句中的作用相当于形容词,故称为形容词性从句.
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.
限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制,修饰的作用,一般不可缺少.
非限制性定语从句起补充,附带说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解.
e.g. She
said she had finished her work, which I doubted
very much.
I've got some personal affairs
that I have to deal with.
定语从句常用关系词
关系代词:who, whom, whose, that, which,
as等(在句中作主,表,宾,定等成分)
关系副词:where(on which),
when(in which), why(for which)(在句中作状语)
关联词:that(引导表示方式,时间的定语从句)
e.g. In this
earthquake, the number of people who lost homes
reached as many as
250,000.
I have many
good friends to whom I am going to send postcards.
You're the only person whose advice he might
listen to.
The river which runs through the
center of the city brings us a lot of pleasure.
He has given us as much advice as he can.
Potato can be grown in places where it is too
cold to grow rice.
I don't like the way
(that) you treat us.
定语从句引导词的选择
取决于先行词(被修饰词)在定语从句中的位置,成分.
e.g. The people
whomwhothat you met in the campus are from
Australia.(作宾语)
This was the time whenat
which she left for Beijing.
The place which
he often visits is always full of artists.
使用要点
1. 关系代词在从句中作主语时,不能省略.
e.g. The
classroom that is on the fourth floor is poorly
equipped.
2. 关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时,常可省略.
e.g. This is the girl with whom he works.
3. 关系副词在定语从句中不可省略.
e.g. I have come to
explain the reason why I was absent from the
meeting.
4. 只用that,不用which的情况:
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当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;
当先行词前有the only, the
very, the last等词修饰时;
当先行词为anything, nothing,
something, everything, all, little,
much等不定代词修饰时;
当先行词前有all, every, no, some, any,
little, much, few等词修饰时;
It is 句型中的引导定语从句时.
5. 只用which,不用that的情况:
引导非限制性定语从句时;
引导词前有介词时;
一个句子中若有两个定语从句,一个用that引导,另一个用which引导;
e.g.
He bought a book that could give him much
knowledge and which could help
him to kill the
time.
6. 当those作为先行词指人时,通常只能用who引导;
as
从句的先行词是the same, such,
或被他们所修饰;多用于表示肯定意义的从句中,不用
于表否定意义的从句中.
e.g.
Many of the sports are the same as they were when
they started.
The result was not such as he
expected.
It was raining hard, which(as) was
unexpected.
8. 介词+关系代词要根据
谓语动词的固定搭配
e.g. This is the evidence with which the case is
connected.
先行词 e.g. I'll never forget the day
on whichwhen I joined the party.
c. 句子表达的意思
e.g. The boss in whose department Mr King worked
got sacked.
d.
在非限制性定语从句中,名词代词+of+whichwhom表示整体与部分的关系
e.g.
The workers, some of whom stayed for four years,
came from different countri
es.
e.
介词的位置一般放在关系代词之前,有时也可放在从句中原来的位置上.
e.g. We did
it in the same way in which he didwhich he did in.
9. That 作为关联词可以当作关系副词用
e.g. This is the
house in which Louis XIII lived.
This is the
house that Louis XIII lived.
This is the
house where Louis XIII lived.
This is house
which Louis XIII lived in.
This is the house
Louis XIII lived in.
定语从句的使用需注意:
My
brother who is very clever studies chemistry all
by himself.
使用定语从句勿滥!可以使用单个形容词,或较短的非谓语动词结构的,尽
量使用简略些的方
式.使句子读起来更顺口!
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