形容词和副词的三个比较等级：同级比较、比较级和最高级。
厦门大学在职研究生-国培研修总结
形容词和副词的三个比较等级：同级比较、比较级和最高级。
1.“(not) as
(so) + a(n) + N.+ adj. + as ...”
This is as
good an example as the other is.这个例子和另外一个一样好。
I can carry as much paper as you
can.你能搬多少纸，我也能。
2. ”A is as much + N +
as B is ..” 【此句型意为“…和…同样…”。“as
much＋<
名词>＋as＋（be）＋<主词>”的 be 通常省略或放句末。
To
eat too much is as much a bad thing as to eat
nothing. （吃太多和什么都
不吃同样是坏事。）
He is as much a
member of the orchestra as Tom.
（他和汤姆同样是管絃乐队
的成员。）
3.．not so much．．．as．．．【此
句型强调的是第二个as后面的成分。可译为：与
其说...不如说...。相当於“<名词>＋rat
her than＋<名词>”。】
He is not so much a writer as
a scholar. 与其说他是作家倒不如说他是学者。
The great use of a
school education is not so much to teach you
things as to teach
you the art of learning.
学校教育的最大用处，与其说是教你事物，不如说是教你学习的方法。
4..... as ... as one can
Our teacher
explained the lesson to us as clearly as he could.
我们的老师尽可
能清楚地为我们解释这一课。
You should be as
careful as you can in making friends.
在交朋友方面，你应该尽
可能小心。
5.．．．．as．．．句型还可以用来比较
一个事物或一个人的两个不同的特征，表示
两个特征同时存在，具有both．．．and．．．的含义
，可译成：既……又……。例如：
The landlord was as greedy
as cruel．这个地主既贪婪又残忍。
It is as your fault as
yourwife’s．这既是你的错误也是你妻子的错误。
6. A is to B
what C is to D
The people is to the Party's
army whatas water is to fish.
人民的军队离不开
人民，就象鱼离不开水。
Leaves do for plants
whatas lungs do for animals.
叶子对于植物的作用，正如肺
对于动物的作用一样。
7．
X is
to Y，so is A to B．：这个句型表示A与B之间的关系就像X与
Y之间的关系，以人
们所熟知的两个事物之间的关系说明一个不被熟知或被忽视的两事物之
间的关系，是一种类比，可译成：
对于B，犹如X对于Y。例如：
As the house is to the man，so
is the nest to the bird．鸟巢对于鸟
的作用，就像房屋对于人的作用。
As food is to the body，so is reading to the
mind．读书对于人的思想的
作用，犹如食物对于人体的作
用。
8．A than B：表示与so much．．．as类似的含义，肯定的是A，而在
一定
程度上否定B。可译成：与其说是B，还不如说是A。例如：
He is more brave
than wise．他有勇无谋。
The child was more
frightened than hurt．这孩子吓坏了，而没有受伤。
9．than ＋
名词／形容词／分词……：表示内容超出了后面词语所表达的范围，
可译成不只于，超过，极其。例如：
If you tell your father what you’ve done，
he’
ll be more than a little
angry．如果你告诉你父亲你都做了些什么，他会非常
生气。
I more
than saw it；I touched it too！我何止看见了，我还摸了摸它！
We were more than happy to hear of your
return．听说你回来了，我们极其
高兴。
10．likely as
not：该结构并无否定含义，表示很可能之意，而且语气强烈。
例如：
He will
succeed as likely as not．他很可能会成功。
类似的用法还有：as
often as not，more often than not，表示经常、往往
之意。再如：
As often as not the buses are late in peak
hours．公交车往往在高峰时
间晚点。
More often than not
conservative people look backward rather than
fo
rward．保守的人们往往不是向前看，而是往后看。
He comes to
work early more often than not．他经常很早就来上班。
11
比较级句型表示最高级的含义
1)、直接使用比较级 ①How beautiful she
sings! I've never heard a better voice.
= She
has the best voice I've ever heard.
她唱得多好啊！这是我听到的最美的歌喉。
②I have never read a more
interesting novel. = It is the most interesting
novel
I've ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的小说。
2)、比较级
+ than + the other + 复数名词 + any other + 单数名词 + any
of the other
+ 复数名词
①She goes to
school earlier than the other girls. 她比其他女孩早上学。
②He works
harder than any other student.
她学习最用功。 ③China is larger than
any of the
other countries in Asia. 中国是亚洲最大的国家
3)、比较级 +
than + anything anyone else ①George did more
work than anyone
else. 乔治干活最多。 ②Tom cared more
for money than for anything else 汤姆最喜
欢钱。
4)、在比较句型中使用 等词。 ①I like nothing better than
swimming. 我最喜欢游泳。 ②Nobody can do the work
better than he did. 这项工作
他做得最出色。 ③No other
building is as grand as the new hotel.
新建的宾馆是当
地最豪华的。
12 the + 比较级…，the +
比较级……，意思是越……越……；以及比较级 + and
+ 比较级意思是越来越…，等。
The more he flatters me,the less I like
him.他越是迎合我，我越不喜欢他。
The higher the mountain is,
the more people like to climb it; the more
dangerous
the mountain is, the more they wish
to conquer it.山越高，人越想爬；山越危险，
人越想征服它。
这种句型常用省略说法：The sooner, the better.越快越好。 More
haste, less speed.
欲速则不达。
13 .“the
last＋不定式形容词从句”。意思是“最不大可能的、最不适的”。
Money is the
last thing he wants, and you won’t succeed by
offering it. 他决不
要钱，你想用钱去买动他是决不可能的。
14
No sooner had I opened the cage than the little
bird flew out.=Scarcely(Hardly)
had I opened
the cage before (when ) the little bird flew
out.我一开笼小鸟就飞
出去了。
15．“anything
but”、“nothing but”和 “all but”
英语中，“anything
but”=never,“ nothing but”=only, “all but”=almost,
nearly
He is anything but a scientist.他决不是科学家。
I am nothing but a student.我不过是个学生。
He is
all but a fool.他几乎是个傻瓜。
16.
prior、superior 、inferior 、senior 和junior
表示比较时后面用“to”不用“than”
“prior to”意思是早于，比……重要；
“superior to”意思是优于，高于；
“inferior to”意思是次于 ；
“senior to ”意思是年长于，地
位高于；
“junior
to”意思是年幼于，地位低于，迟于。
The task is prior
to all others.这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。
In maths he
felt superior to John. 他觉得自己数学比约翰强。
These
apples are inferior in flavor to those.
这些苹果的味道不如那些。
He is two years senior to me.
他比我大两岁。
17.
比较和倍数的表达方法：在表达一方是另一方的若干倍时，常用如下表达方式：
（1）“……倍数＋as＋adj／adv（原级）＋ as…”,在两个as之间可用many（修饰
可数
名词），much（修饰不可数名词）和其它相应的词。This factory
produced three times
as many cars as they did
10 years ago.
（2）“……倍数＋adj／adv（比较级）＋than……”Your classroom is
four times larger
than ours
（3）“……倍数＋the
size ／height／length ／weight／ width
depth……＋of＋the
＋名词”。.Your classroom is five
times the size of ours
如：“你们的教室比我们的教室大四倍（是我们教室的五倍大）”可分别译作：
（1）Your classroom is four times larger than
ours．=Your classroom is five
times as large as
ours．=Your classroom is five times the size of
ours．
(2).This square is twice the size of
that one. = This square is twice as large
as
that one. =This square is once larger than that
one.