形容词(词组)、形容词的比较级和最高级
入团申请书200字-圣诞祝福语
形容词及形容词词组
概述：
形容词(adjective
简称adj.或a.) 很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一
种。主要用来修饰名词的词，表示事物的特征
。形容词用来修饰名词或代
词， 表示人或事物的性质，状态，和特征。
重点：
形容词的用法
难点：
形容词的位置
内容：
一、
形容词分类
形容词是一种开放词类，在句中主要作修饰成分。形容词主
要分为单词形
容词，等级形容词和非等级形容词。
1．依词的构成划分：单词形容词（One-word
Adjective）和复合形容词（Compound
Adjective）
由一个自由词素构成，如：boy, kind
1）单词形容词
自由词素+前（后）缀构成，如：boyish, unkind
adj.+adj. red-hot 炽热的；dark-green深绿色的
.+-ing easy-going随和的；good-looking好看的
.+-ed new-born新生的；ready-cooked烧好的
2）复合形容词
n.+adj. sea-sick晕船的；ice-cold冰冷的
n.+-ing man-eating吃人的；epoch-making划时代的
n.+-ed heart-broken伤心的；ice-covered结冰的
adj.+n.+-ed gray-haired白发的；one-eyed独眼的
2.
依句法功能划分：中心形容词（Central Adjective）和外围形容词（Peripheral
Adjective）
1）中心形容词：既能作名词修饰语又能作主补和宾补的形容词
e.g. Green apples are sour (作名词修饰语)
Pillar-boxes are green. (作主语补语)
They have painted the windows green. (作宾语补足语)
2）外围形容词：只能作修饰语或者只能作补语的形容词。如，utter只能作修
饰语不能作补语：
This is utter nonsense. (√)
The nonsense
is utter. (×)
又如asleep只能作补语不能作修饰语：
This
child is asleep. (√)
This is an asleep child.
(×)
3. 依词汇意义划分：动态形容词（Dynamic
Adjective）和静态形容词（Stative
Adjective）
1)
静态形容词：描写人或物的静态特征，如，tall, short, small, big,
beautiful, ugly
等，大多数形容词都是静态形容词。
2）动态形容词：含有动作含义，如，clever, cheerful, dull,
gentle, generous, helpful,
patient, witty,
etc.
3) 动态形容词和静态形容词的特征对比：
①
动态形容词可与动be的进行体搭配作补语，而静态形容词则不可以。
e.g. She is
being witty. (√) She is being tall. (×)
② 动态形容词可用于由动词be开始的祈使句，而静态形容词则不可以。
e.g.
Be patient! (√) Be pretty. (×)
③动态形容词可用于使役结构（Caustative
Construction），而静态形容词则
不可以。
e.g. I
persuaded her to be generous. (√) I persuaded her
to be pretty. (×)
二、形容词的功能
1. 作定语
形容词作定语一般修饰名词，形容词通常前置，但有时也可后置，如：
It was a
rainy day.
Someone else has done it.
1)
前置定语
当名词中心词前出现几个属于不同层次的形容词作修饰语时，常常涉及词序
<
br>问题，排列顺序大致如下：
①可以置于冠词前的形容词：all, both,
such等；
②冠词、指示代词、所有格形容词、不定形容词：a, an, the, this,
those,
your, his, our, any, some等；
③序数词：first, second, third等；
④基数词：one,
two, three等；表示
⑤性质、状态、质量的形容词：nice, good,
sweet, useful等；
⑥表示大小、长短、形状的形容词：big, small,
square, round 等；
⑦表示年龄、新旧、温度的形容词：young, new,
old, cold, hot等；
⑧表示颜色的形容词:blue, white,
brown等；
⑨表示国籍、产地、区域的形容词：Chinese, American等；
⑩表示材料、用作形容词的名词：iron, oil, stone, silk等；
⑾分词：floating, handmade等
（口诀：all等代冠数前置，描大形新颜国材）
e.g. a large
antique brown and white German beer-mug
译：一只德国古代棕白两色的大啤酒杯
a weak small spare
old man 一个瘦弱的小老头
a well-known German
medical school 一所著名的德国医学院
an
interesting little red French oil
painting一幅有趣的小型法国油画
his first two
interesting little red French oil paintings
他的前两幅有趣的小型法国油画
Ex. Radio, television and
press_______ of conveying news as information.
A) are the most three common means
B)
are the most three common means
C) are the
three most common means
D) are three the
most common means
2）后置定语
形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词
前，但是在下列情况下作定语的形
容词却要位于所修饰的名词之后：
①
形容词短语作定语时要后置。如：
I think he is a man suitable
for the job. 我认为他是适合做这项工作的人。
We need a place
twice larger than this one. 我们需要一个比这里大一倍的地
方。
② 表语形容词作定语要后置。如：
He spoke like a man
afraid. 他说话时像是很害怕似的。
He must be the best
violinist alive. 他一定是当代最好的小提琴手了。
③受修饰复合不定代词时后置。如：
Tell me something
interesting. 给我说些有意思的事。
Anyone intelligent can
do it. 任何有头脑的人都能做这件事。
2. 作补语
形容词作主语补足语和宾语补
足语时，可以表示其现状、状态，也可以表示
某一动作的结果（如knock sb.
Senseless）, 并常用在表示“认为，看待”的动词
如believe, prove,
consider 等后。例如：
The news made her very sad.
（宾语补足语）
He died young. （主语补足语）
The bottle
was found empty. （主语补足语）
The facts proved his
accusation groundless.（宾语补足语）
3. 作状语
形容词（短
语）可作状语，其位置可以是举手、句中和句末；形容词作状语
时，可以看作是“being+形容词”
结构或when、if、because等从句的省略，表
示时间、方式、原因、伴随、让步、强调、条
件等，或对主语进行解释，说明主
语是什么一种情况；或进行强调。例如：
Ripe,
the oranges will sell at a good price.（时间）
Alice tiptoed to the bed, careful not to wake
the baby.（方式）
Eager to see the sunrise, they
got up at four.（原因）
Breathless, she rushed in
through the back door.（伴随情况）
Large or small,
all countries are equal.（让步）
John is big and
busy.（强调，=very busy）
4. 作表语
形容词一般用在系动词be后作表语，如：
The bird’s song is
very sweet.
在下列三类系动词或感官动词后，要用形容词作表语，不可用副词。
1) 表示“是、在”的动词要求用形容词作表语
remain,
keep持续在，continue继续在，stay保持，stand，lie位于等。
He
remained silent at the meeting.
2)
表示“变成，成为”的动词要求用形容词作表语
grow, turn,
get变成，run很快变成，come果然变成，等。
Her dream has come
true.（不可用truly）
3) 感觉、感官动词要求用形容词作表语
see,
appear, look, sound, smell, taste, feel等。
It
sounds nicely. (×)
It sounds nice. (√)
He looked angrily at him. (×)
He
looked angry. (√)
5. 作主语
1）形容词可以用作主语，往往成对使用，具有名词化的特点。
Old and
young joined in the discussion.
Rich or
poor meant the same to him.
Careful and
careless are as different as fire and water.
2）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the
dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the
blind，the hungry
The poor are losing hope.
3）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连
用。
The English have wonderful sense of humor.
【注】形容词还可用作宾语
They can’t tell right from
wrong.
Children should be taught to know good
from wrong.
6. 作感叹语
有些形容词可用作感叹语，表示某种情绪。例如：
Very good! Say it
again.
Shocking! I’ve never heard of such a
thing.
Wonderful! Sing us another song.
Stupid! He mist be crazy.
三、-ed形容词与-ing
形容词的用法区别
1. 以后缀-ed结尾的形容词
如ashamed,
delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved,
pleased, surprised,
worried等)通常用于说明人，不用于说明事物，即
使它们所修饰的名词是事物，
那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。如：
He had a
pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。
He
told me the news in a very excited voice.
他告诉了我这个消息，声音很激
动。
第一句中的a pleased smile
意为“满意的微笑”，它指的是某人因感到满意
发出的微笑；第二句中的 excited voice
指的是“激动的声音”，即指的是带有这
种声音的某人感到激动。
【注】原则上，-ed
形容词通常直接用于说明人，若修饰事物，则多为 air(神
态),
appearance(外貌), cry(哭声), face(表情), voice(声音),
mood(情绪)等与显
示某人的情感状况的名词。
2. 以后缀-
ing结尾的形容词(如delighting, exciting, frightening,
interesting, moving,
surprising, worrying
等)主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，若用它
们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如：
The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。
The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。
四、
形容词的级
1. 形容词级的构成
1）-er和-est型
单音节形容词和部分双音节形容词在词尾加-er和-est构成比较级和最高级。
bright—brighter—brightest
thin—thinner—thinnest（双写n）
simple—simpler—simplest（直接加r或st）
pretty—prettier—prettiest（先变y为i）
grey—greyer—greyest
2）more和most型
多音节形容词在原级前面加more和most构成比较级和最高级。如：
digestible—more digestible—most digestible
important—more important—most important
3）变化不规则的比较级和最高级
原级 比较级
最高级
little less（比较少的）
least
lesser（次要的）
older oldest
old
elder eldest
farther farthest
far
further furthest
bad
worse worst
ill
worse worst
good
better best
well
better best
late
later（较迟） latest（最新的）
latter（后者的） last（最后的）
near
nearer nearest（最近的）
next（下一个）
many(much) more
most
2．形容词级的用法
1）形容词比较级的用法
形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:
主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。 也就是,
含有形
容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分,
而只剩下对比的成分。
Our teacher is taller than
we are. 我们老师的个子比我们的高。
It is warmer today
than it was yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天暖和。
This
picture is more beautiful than that one.
这张照片比那张照片漂亮。
This meeting is less important
than that one. 这次会议不如那次会议重要。
The sun is
much bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大得多。
2）形容词最高级的用法
形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较,
其结构形式为:
主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。
She is
the best student in her class.
她是班上最好的学生。
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in
China.
3）形容词级的特殊用法
① most 同形容词连用而不用 the，表示
“极，很，非常, 十分”。
It's most dangerous to be
here. 在这儿太危险。
I cannot do it, it's most
difficult. 我干不了这件事，太难了。
②“The+形容词比较级...,
the+形容词比较级...”表示 “越... 就越...”。
The more
you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。
The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。
The more, the better. 越多越好。
③“形容词比较级 + and +
形容词比较级”， 表示“越来越... ”。
It's getting hotter
and hotter. 天气越来越热了.
It's pity he is
getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。
The
computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。
The more and more people focus on the meeting next
year. 越来越多的人关
注明年的会议。
④
主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。
This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。
This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。
I study English as hard as my brother.
我同我兄弟一样学习努力。
3．没有比较级和最高级的形容词
有些形容词（副词）一般不用来比较，本身已具有无法比较的含义，有下面
几种情况。
1) 表示“完全、特别”等意义的形容词（副词）
omnipresent无所不在
的，final，fatal致命的，hopeless，fatherless无父的，
perfec
t(ly)，totally(ly)，itter(ly)完全的（地），full，empty
2) 表示“极限，主次”等的形容词（副词）
chief(ly)，extreme
(ly)，infinite，main，major，interior，basic，fundamenta
l，
first，most
3）表示“几何形状”等的形容词（副词）
an
gular角形的，level水平的，oval椭圆形的，vertical垂直的，triangular<
br>三角形的，straight
4）表示“处所、方位、时间”的形容词（副词）
ahead，daily，weekly，here，now，then，outside，future，on
ce，there
5）表示“状态”的形容词
agape目瞪口呆的，floa
t，aghast吓呆的，alight烧着的，ashore，asleep，
averse，awa
ke，deaf，dumb
6）表示“性质、材料、国籍”等的形容词
Amer
ican，atomic，economic，earthen泥土做的，fascist，golden，so
nic声
音的，wooden，silken丝的，silvern银质的，void，illegal
，mortal
7) 表示“独一无二”的形容词
invincible，mere，only，single，sheer，sole
8）表示“强调”的形容词
barely，favourite，hardly，own，scarcely，very
9）junior等词
下面几个形容词没有比较级和最高级，同to连用，而不同than连用：
j
unior，senior，inferior，superior，prior，posterior，ant
erior
专项练习：
（一）单项选择
1. The
air in Beijing is getting much ______ now than a
few years ago.
A. clean B. cleaner C.
cleanest D. the cleanest
2. My moon cake
is nicer ________ his.
A. like B. with
C. for D. than
3. This physics problem
is ______ and I can do it _______.
A. easy;
easily B. easily; easily
C. easy;
easy D. easily; easy
4. –Tom is six
and he is _______ his sister Jane. How old is
Jane?
--Three.
A. twice as old as
B. two years older than
C. three years
younger than D. as old as
5. My cousin is
very busy with his work. He has _______ time to
read newspapers.
A. little B. few C. a
little D. a few
6. –Can you guess who
will be the first to cross the finish line?
--Sandy. Jane didn’t run as fast ______ she
did last time.
A. than B. so C. that
D. as
7. This pen is _____ than that one.
A. more cheaper B. cheap C. much cheaper
D. much cheap
8. –Jane, it’s time to go to
school. Get up and have breakfast.
--But I am
not feeling _______. I don’t feel like eating
anything.
A. bad B. good C. well
D. badly
9. So _______ homework really makes
the students feel tired.
A. much B. many
C. little D. few
10. Who has _______
apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy?
A. much B.
biggest C. better D. the most
11. Bill Jumped _____ than any other
player in the sports meeting.
A. tall B.
taller C. high D. higher
12. Don’t
worry. He is ______ to take care of little Betty.
A. carefully enough B. enough carefully
C. careful enough D. enough carefully
13. Look! It’s raining _______. What a ______
rain!
A. heavy; heavily B. heavily; heavy
C. loudly; big D. hard; light
14. Write
_____ and try not to make any mistakes.
A. as
careful as possible B. as carefully ad you
can
C. most careful D. more
careful
15. 100,000 pounds is a large amount
of money, but it’s _______ than we need.
A. a
little more B. very little C. more less
D. far less
16. Basketball is a kind of ______
sport. You can’t win the match by yourself.
A.
popular B. exciting C. enjoyable D.
team
17. It’s cold. We must keep all the
windows _______.
A. close B. to close
C. closing D. closed
18. I think maths is
the second _______ subject of all.
A.
important B. more important C. most important D.
the most important
19. Professor Mott lived in
a _____ hotel when he was in Beijing.
A. five-
stars B. five-tar C. five stars D. five
stars’
20. –Will your mother ______ you if you
_____ the English exam?
--Of course not,
because I am trying my best.
A. be angry with;
don’t pass B. be angry with; won’t pass
C. be angry to; don’t pass D. be angry
to; won’t pass
21. The little girl was afraid
of staying ______ in the ______ house.
A.
alone; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely;
lonely D. lone; alone
22. He would like to
help hi _____ friend speak _______.
A.
America; Chinese B. American; Chinese
C. American; Chin D. America; China
23. –How is the weather today?
--
________.
A. Weather fine B. It’s windy
C. They are nice D. Good
24. This book is
very _______ and I am ______ in it.
A.
interesting; interest B. interesting;
interested
C. interested; interesting D.
interested; interested
25. It’s nothing
serious. You’ve just caught ______ a cold.
A.
a bit B. a bit of C. a little D. a little
of
Answers：BDAAA DCCAD DCBBD DDCBA
BBBBB
（二）辨认错误
1. Of these
alternatives I prefer the formal but she prefers
the latter.
A B C
D
2. The economics difficulties of the country
are not to be made light of.
A
B C D
3. The situation there
looked so seriously that it seemed as if the Third
World War
A B
might
break out at any time
C D
4.
Thomes Jefferson was very ambition and served his
country in several different
A B C D
capacities.
5. The salad tasted so well
that my brother returned to the salad bar for
another
A
B C D
helping.
6. Even
though she looks very young, she is twice older
than my twenty-year-old
A B
C D
sister.
7. Feeling
impatiently for someone to return and give him an
answer, the student
A B
paced up and down the hall.
C D
8. He looked differently after his return from
America.
A B C D
Answers: 1. C (former), 2. A (economic), 3. B
(serious), 4. A (ambitious),
5. A (so good),
6. C (twice as old as), 7. A (important), 8. B
(different)
自测练习:
1. Physics is
____to the science which was called natural
philosophy in history.
A) alike B)
equivalent C) likely D) uniform
2. The
president made a ____speech at the opening
ceremony of the sports meeting,
which
encouraged the sportsmen greatly.
A)
vigorous B) tedious C) flat D) harsh
3.
It is reported that ____adopted children want to
know who their natural parents are.
A) the
most B) most of C) most D) the most of
4.
Convenient foods which are already prepared for
cooking are ____ in grocery
stores.
A)
ready B) approaching C) probable D)
available
5. In general, the amount that a
student spends for housing should be held to one-
fifth
of the total ____ for living expenses.
A) acceptable B) available C) advisable
D) applicable
6. Since the matter was
extremely ____, we dealt with it immediately.
A) tough B) tense C) urgent D) instant
7.
The shy girl felt ____ and uncomfortable when he
couldn't answer the teacher's
questions.
A) amazed B) awkward C) curious D) amused
8.
The patient's health failed to such an extent that
he was putsintos____care.
A) tense B)
rigid C) intensive D) tight
9. Our new
house is very ____for me as I can get to the
office in five minutes.
A) adaptable B)
convenient C) available D) comfortable
10. The
words of his old teacher left a ____ impression on
his mind. He is still
influenced by him.
A) long B) lively C) lasting D) liberal
11. It is our ____policy that we will achieve
unity through peaceful means.
A) consistent
B) continuous C) considered D) continual
12. He is ____about his chance of winning a
gold medal in the Olympics next year.
A) optimistic B) optional C) outstanding
D) obvious
13. She cooked the meal for a long
time so as to make it ____enough to eat.
A)
mild B) slight C) light D) tender
14.
Young people are not ____to stand and look at
works of arts; they want art they
can
participate in.
A) conservative B)
content C) confident D) generous
15. It
is said that the math teacher seems ____towards
bright students.
A) partial B)
beneficial C) preferable D) liable
16.
In-groups to show his boss what a careful worker
he was, he took ____trouble
over the figures.
A) extensive B) spare C) extra D)
supreme
17. All the key words in the article
are printed in ____ type so as to attract readers'
attention.
A) dark B) bold C)
dense D) black
18. He was the ____ at the
moment.
A) only alive person B) alive
only person
C) only person alive D)
person only alive
19. Mike is watching ____.
A) a detective, old, exciting film B) an
old detective, exciting film
C) an exciting,
old, detective film D) an old, exciting,
detective film
20. The leader of the town is a
____ old man.
A) respective B)
respectable C) respecting D) respectful
21. It is a beautiful car, but it is not ____
the price that I paid for it.
A) cost B)
worthy C) worth D) value
22. This is
____ to answer.
A) rather a difficult
question B) rather difficult a question
C) rather difficult question D) a question
rather difficult
23. Of the two gifts, the
child chose ____.
A) the less expensive
B) the one most expensive
C) the least
expensive D) the most expensive
24. The police finally arrested the
____ criminal.
A) famous B) reputed C)
notorious D) renowned
25. This young man is
hard working and ____. I strongly recommend him.
A) conscientious B) conscience C)
conscious D) consciousness
26. This TV is
____ all the other TV in the department store.
A) superior to B) advantageous than C)
super to D) beneficial to
27. My command of
English is ____ as yours.
A) half not so
good B) not half so good
C) not so good
half D) not so half good
28. Last year,
John earned ____ his brother, who is less capable.
A) three times as much as B) twice as
many as
C) twice worse D) three
times as more as
29. His salary as a bus
driver is much higher ____.
A) in comparison
with the salary of a teacher B) than a teacher
C) than that of a teacher D) to compare as a
teacher
30. Jane's work proved ____ than that
of their classmates.
A) not much better B)
much better C) no more better D) too better
31. ——Are you going to the concert in the 21st
Century Hotel?
——No, the tickets are ____ for
me.
A) much far expensive B) so much
expensive
C) too far expensive D) far
too expensive
32. He was ____ to the terrible
situation then.
A) widely awake B)
wide awake
C) widely awakened D) wide
awaken
33. There were no tickets ____ for
Friday's performance.
A) available B)
preferable C) considerable D) possible
34. We need ____ information before we can
decide.
A) far B) farther C) further
D) furthest
35. Never before ____ people in
the United States been interested in soccer.
A) has so many B) were so many
C) have so many D) will so many
Answers：
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