高考英语二轮复习形容词和副词

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2020年08月07日 08:47
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2020届二轮复习 形容词和副词
【考情分析】
形容词与副词是高考语法 的重要内容,也是高考考查的热点。关
于形容词与副词这一考点,主要考查以下几个方面:
1. 考查形容词和副词的基本用法
形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语,而副词在句中主要作状语。
2. 考查形容词作定语的后置规律
形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前,但下列三种情况形容词要后置:①形容词短语作定语时;②表语形容词作定语时;③修饰复合
不定代词时。
3. 考查多个形容词作定语的排序
多个形容词修饰名词时,其排序规律是:(限定词+程度副词+) 描< br>绘+大小(长短、高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料
+类别或用途+名 词
4. 考查副词在句中的位置规律
副词修饰形容词或其它副词时,一般位于被修饰词的前 面,但enough
却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。
5. 考查–ed形容词和- ing形容词的区别
-ed形容词,通常说明人,意为“(某人)感到……”;-ing形容词通常说明事物,意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。


6. 考查两种不同形式的副词的用法差异
即考查与形容词同形的副词与形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别。
7. 考查形容词和副词的比较等级。
8. 考查比较等级的修饰语。
【知识归纳】
一、形容词副词的基本用法:
1.形容词的位置
(1)当名词中心词带有多个形容 词作前置修饰语时,这些形容词可以
大体按下列词序排列:1)限定词—2)一般描述性形容词—3)表 示大
小、长短、高低的形容词—4)表示形状的形容词—5)表示年龄、新旧
的形容词—6)表 示颜色的形容词—7)表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词
—8)表示物质、材料的形容词—9)表示用途、 类别的形容词—10)名
词中心词。如:
①It is a charming small round old brown French oak writing
desk.
这是一张漂亮的古式棕色法国橡木小圆写字台。
②Yesterday my uncle bought a beautiful large green Chinese
carpet.
昨天我叔叔买了一张漂亮的中国大型绿色地毯。
③Four brilliant young American engineers live here.


有四个杰出的美国年轻工程师住在这儿。
但在实际应用中,一个名词词组既不可能带有这么多前置修饰语,也
不可能都如此刻板地排列。
(2)形容词一般放在被修饰的名词前面作定语,但考生特别要注意形
容词放在被修饰词后面的 情况:
①这些形容词,如:alive,afraid,awake,alone,asleep,w orth
等作定语时,常放于被修饰词的后面。
The baby still asleep might be awake very soon.
仍在睡着的那婴儿可能很快会醒的。
②形容词在修饰somebody,something ,anybody,anything,nobody,
nothing等不定代词时,需要置于其后。 如:
—Is there anything wrong,Bob?You look sad.
“鲍勃,有什么不对吗?你看上去闷闷不乐的。”
—Oh,nothing fact,I was just thinking of my friends.
“噢,没什么,其实我在想念我的朋友。”
③形容词后面有介词短语时,必须放在名词后面。
He is a student worthy of praise.
他是个值得赞扬的学生。
④形容词后面有动词不定式时,必须放在名词后面。
Isn’t it a problem difficult to solve?


这难道不是一个很难解决的问题吗?
2.形容词作状语
形容词作状语表示伴随或结果,并不表达动作的方式。 如:
After a long journey,the three of them got back home,hungry
and tired.
经过长时间旅行后,他们三个回到了家,又饿又累。
He lay in bed,wide awake.他躺在床上醒着。
3.副词的位置
副词修饰形容词或其他副词时,一般位于被修饰词的前面,但enough
要放在被修饰词的后面。
Although she did not know Boston well,she made her way easily
enough to the post office.
虽然她对波士顿不熟,但她仍然很轻松地到了邮局。
notnever 与enough或too连用表示“无论怎样都不过分;
越……越好”
—I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden,a car
cut in and knocked me down.
“我在街上正独自骑行,突然一辆轿车切进来把我撞倒了。 ”
—You can never be too careful in the street.
“在大街上你再小心也不为过。 ”


5.副词的排列顺序
(1)时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后。
(2)方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。
Please write slowly and carefully.请慢慢地、清晰地写字。
(3)多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词。
I don’t know him well enough.我不太熟悉他。
There is enough food for everyone to eat. 有足够的食物供每个
人吃。
There is food enough for everyone to eat.
【专家提醒】
副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。
6.兼有两种形式的副词
(1)close与closely: close意思是“近”; closely 意思是“仔细
地”。
(2)late与lately: late意思是“晚”; lately 意思是“最近”。
(3)deep与deeply: deep意思是“深”,表示空间深度;deeply时常
表示感情上的深度,“深深地”。
(4)high与highly: high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于
much。
(5)wide与widely: wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是“广泛地”,


“在许多地方”。
(6)free与freely: free的意思是“免费”;freely 的意思是“无
限制地”
考点二:形容词、副词的比较等级
解答比较等级这类题目时 考生一定要善于判断比较的对象或范围:如
果没有比较的对象或范围就用原级;如果是两者或两方面之间 的比较
就用比较级;如果是三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较那就用最高
级。
1. 比较级中的两个特殊作用的结构 :
The + 比较级 + 句子, the + 比较级 + 句子和 比较级+ and
+ 比较级。
前一个句型结构表示的意义是“越(怎么样就)越 (怎么样)”,在这个
结构中的两个“比较级”不要求词性一定相同,它们各自的词性要依
句子 的需要而定;后一个句型结构表示的意义是“越来越(怎么样)”,
在这个结构中的两个“比较级”则要 求词性相同。如:
The harder you work at your study, the better academic records
you will have.
你学习越努力,你的成绩就越好。
The more we have, the more we want.人欲无穷。
When winter is coming , it gets colder and colder.冬天来临之


际,天越来越冷了。
He became less and less satisfied with the football team’s
performance.
他对足球队的表现越来越不满意了。
2.比较级与否定词连用可表示最高级之意。如:
I have never seen a better film than the one I saw last night.
我从来没有看过比昨天晚上那部更好的电影。
—Shall we have a short rest?“我们可不可以休息一会儿?”
—I can’t agree any more.“非常同意。”
3.as+形容词或副词原级+as像……一样………
在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as…
He cannot run soas fast as you.他跑得不如你快。
【专家提醒】
当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式:as +形容词+ a(an) +
单数名词; as + manymuch +名词
This is as good an example as the other is.这是一个和另一个
一样好的例子。
4.可修饰比较级的程度副词
(1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots,
a great deal, any, still, even等。


(2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
(3)以上词(除by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
5.than构成的习语
(1) more B than A A不如说B
(2) no more… than… 与……一样……,不比……多
no less… than…与……一样……
(3)more than ,非常
(4)rather than 而不是
(5)other than 除……外。
首先要正确理解以下结构的含义:
not more...than=不如……
no more...than=和……一样不 (否定两者)
not less...than=不如……不 (即指不如 less 后形容词的反面)
no less...than=和……一样 (肯定两者)
比较以下各句的意思:
You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔细。
You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。
You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。
You are less careful than he is. 你不如他仔细(你比他粗心)。
You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔细(你不如他粗心)。


You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一样仔细。

三、倍数表示法
(1)……倍数+形容词(或副词)的比较级+than。如:
①This rope is twice longer than that one.
这根绳的长度是那根绳的三倍。(比那根绳长二倍)
②This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.
这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。(是我们教室的六倍)
(2)……倍数+as+形容词(或 much)或副词+as。如:
①This big stone is three times as heavy as that one.
这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。(这块石头比那块重二倍)
②The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.
那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。(高出九倍)
(3)……倍数+the size(length,height...)of。如:
①This street is four times the length of that street.
这条街是那条街的四倍长。
②This hill is four times the height of that small one.
这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。(比那座小山高三倍)
也可用:The height of this hill is four times that of that small
one.




【考点例析】
1. Bicycling is good exercise;_____, it does not pollute the
air.【2012年,湖南卷】
A. nevertheless B. besides C. otherwise D. therefore
1.D 本题考查副词. 根据句意:骑自行车是一种很好的运动方式,而
且又不会造成大气污染. Nevertheless “尽管如此”;besides “而
且”;otherwise“否则”;therefore“所以”,故正确答案为B。
2. We used to see each other______, but I haven’t heard from
him since last year.【2012年,辽宁卷】
A. especially B. regularly C. particularly D.
approximately
2. B 本 题考查副词。句意:我们原来经常见面,但从去年我就没再
收到过他的信。A项“尤其;特别”;B项“ 定期地,经常地”;C项
“特别,尤其”;D项“近似地,大约”,故正确答案为B 。
hotel is almost finished, but it _____needs one or two
weeks to get ready for guests.【2012年,四川卷】
A. only B. also C. even D. still
3. D 本题考查副词用法。根据句意“这个旅馆差不多竣工了,但仍


还要一两周才可以接 待客人。”故D为正确答案。
4. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the
blood bank needs _____.【2012北京卷】
A. some B. less C. much D. more
4. D。本题考查形容词比较级。根据句意即刻判断,该句应使用much
的比较级是more,故正确答案为D。
to biology , I like physics ________.【2012全国II】
A. better B. best C. the better D. very well
5. B 本题考查副 词的最高级。句意:除了生物,我最喜欢物理。此
处best是副词的最高级,修饰动词like。
故正确答案为B。
secretary arranged a(n)___________time and space for the
applicants to have an interview. 【2012天津卷】
A. important B. spare C. public D. convenient
6. D 本题考查形容词。句意:这位秘书安排适当的时间和地点让求
职者进行面试。根据句意,D为最佳选项。
dog may be a good companion for the old. _______, the need
to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.【2012天津卷】
A.Besides. B. However C. Therefore D. Instead.
7.B 本题考查副词。句意:这只狗或许是这 位老人的伙伴,然而(对


老人来说)带它出去散步或许又成了不利因素。故正确答案为B 。
8. This restaurant wasn't that other restaurant we went
to. 【2012全国新课程】
A. half as good as B. as half good as C. as good as
half D. good as half as
8. A 本题考查倍数表达法。句意:这家饭店不及我们去过另一家的
一半好。在as…as …句型中,倍数放在第一个as的前面,故A正确。
9. Be______ ---you can’t expect me to finish all this work in
so little time.【2012年山东卷】
9. A 本题考查形容词。句意:要讲道理,你不能指望我在如此短的
时间里完成所有的工作。
此处c onfident信心;creative有创造力的;grateful感激的;
reasonabl e有道理的。故正确答案为A。
10. Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should
be respected. 【2012福建卷】
A. especially B. equally C. naturally D.
normally
10.B本题考查副词辨析。 句意:无论是官员还是公共汽车司机,都
应该平等的被尊敬。e qually“平等地,公平地”;especially“尤其
地”;naturally“自然地” ;normally“正常地”,只有B项符合题意。


11. — Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind?
— Sorry. I returned it to the library just now. Maybe it
is still ____.【2012福建卷】
A. available B. affordable C.
acceptable D. valuable
11.A本题考查形容词辨析。根据前半句“我刚刚还给图书馆”和下
半句 中的still可知这本书或许还可得到的用available,而其它三
项 affordable“支付的起的”;acceptable “可接受的”;valuable
“贵重的”均与题意不符。
12. Mike was usually so careful, ______this time he made a
small mistake. 【2012浙江卷】
A. yet B. still C. even D. thus
12.A 本题考查副词。句意:麦克通常很认真的,然而(yet )这次他
犯了个小错误。Still仍旧;even甚至;thus因此,均不符合语境。
故正 确答案为A。
research lacks _____evidence, and therefore, its
conclusions are doubtful. 【2012浙江卷】
A. solid B. fierce C. severe D. potential
13. A 本题考查形容词词义辨析。根据句意:研究缺乏实证(solid
evidence),因此所得出的结论还有待考证。fierce激烈的;severe


严重的;potential,有潜力的。故正确答案为A。
Elizabeth Ⅱis often to be richest woman in the
world____, her personal wealth seems rather small. 【2012安
徽卷】
A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D.
Altogether
14.C。 本题考查副词。前面说她富有,后面说她个人财富相当少。
应为转折关系“然而”;故C为正确答案。
15. Interest is as______to learning as the ability to
understand , even more so. 【2012安徽卷】
A. vital B. available C. specific D.
Similar
15. A 本题考查形容词。Be vital to 表示:对.....极端重要;
something be available to somebody表示某人可以得到某物;答
案specific 不能与to 搭配;D 答案 similar to 表示:与.....
相似。本题可以把定于to understand 省掉,也可以把后面的even
more so省掉或还原。依据题意,A为正确答案。
【方法技巧】
1.对于形容词和副词,学生首先应该掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最
高级。


2.熟记这些半系动词sound,taste,smell,look,feel,seem,app ear,
stand,fall,remain,keep,get,grow,become,tur n等后面常
跟形容词作表语。
3.掌握名词前多个形容词的顺序问题,一般表主观形容词,如 新旧大
小长短是否漂亮这些形容词在前,表客观形容词,如颜色材料质地本
质形容词在后面。如 an old small red paper packet 一个旧的红
色的小纸包。记忆口诀“限定描绘大长高, 形状年龄和新老。 颜色
国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠。”
4. 熟练掌握倍数表达法。
【专题训练】
1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _____ voice.
A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the
best
2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is
_____ known for his plays.
A. the best B. more C. better D. the most
3. The plane flew smoothly ______ in the sky and people spoke
______ of the experienced pilot.
A. high;high B. highly;highly C.
high;highly D. highly;high


4. —— What do you think of the concert?—— Oh, it
was______success.
A. a very B. quite a C .so D.
really
5. I haven’t seen______ this since I collected stamps.
A. as old a stamp as B. so an old stamp as C. stamp as old
as D. as an old stamp a
task is too much for me, so I can’t carry on ______any
longer. I must get some help.
A. singly
7. Have your working conditions improved?
---No, ______than before, I’m afraid.
A. no better B.a little batter worse
worse
8. To their great relief, the missing child returned home,
______, after an absence of two weeks.
A. felt tired and sound B. tiring and soundly C. feeling
tired but soundly D. tired but sound
9. We must keep our room clean, for dirt and disease go______,
you know.


A. hand in hand B. step by step C. from time ti time D.
one after another
10. How are you getting on with your classmates?
——______. I’ve got to know them all.
A. Far better B. Much pleased C. Very comfortable D.
Very good
11. It is always difficult being in a foreign country,
__________if you don’t speak the language.
ely lly lly
ally
12. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is
a science.
art much as an art as an art much as
much an art as
13.—Jim, are you ______this Saturday?
—Oh, sorry. I need to go to the bookshop ______the bank on
Saturday.
A.convenient; and B.convenient; as well as C.available;
with D.available; as well as
new kind of chemicals will help keep the air, soil and


water ______from pollution.
A. free B. empty C. loose D. short
15.—How is your father?
—He’s fine. He’s ______to play tennis every Sunday.
A. enough active still B. enough still active C. still
active enough D. still enough active
16.—Which team is________to win the game?
—I don’t know, but I’ve found________for ours to win.
A. probable; it unlikely B. likely; it possible C.
possible; it possible D. likely; it possibly
17. He didn’t understand the ________question, so there was
a________expression on his face.
A. puzzling; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling C. puzzled;
puzzled D. puzzled; puzzling
18. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she
stood________to her mother.
A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing
19.I can’t give you an answer right now. I’d like________more
time to consider my decision.
A.still B.fairly C.quite D.a lot


20. I spent ________time doing the job, but I didn’t do any
better than he.
A.as twice B.twice much C.twice much as
D.twice as much
【参考答案】
1-5ACCBA 6-10CADAA 11-15DDDAC 16-20BAAAD



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