高考英语高频同义近义词语辨析
后高考时代-马的俗语
高考高频同义近义词语辨析
1. common, general,
normal, ordinary, usual
common,general,normal,ordinary 和 usual
意思相近,区别如下:
(1)common 主要的含义是“常见的”、“普通的”、“不足为奇
的”,有时可以引伸为
“平凡”的意思。也有“共有”、“公有”的意思。 例如:
The
common man isn't usually interested in such
matters. 一般人通常对这样的事不
感兴趣。
They lack common
sense. They have something in common.
他们缺少常识,他们有共同之
处。
It has become common
knowledge. 这已成为众所周知的事情。
They all have some
common sense bout typhoon. 他们大家都有一些台风的常识。
This
is a common occurrence. 像这样的事常常发生(没有什么奇怪的)。
These two books have very little in common.
这两本书没有什么共同点。
(2) general “普通”、“一般”,
侧重“普遍”之意,表示在大多数人或物中流行病受
到关注,其反义词为special。例如:
The general impression was that it had
improved. 普遍认为情况已有改善。
It is a matter of
general interest. 这是一件人们普遍感兴趣的事。
The book is
intended for the general readers, not for the
specialist. 这本书视为
一般读者写的,不是为专家写的。
Generally
speaking, young people have better memories than
the old. 一般说来,青
年人的记性比老年人好。
(3)normal的意思是“正常的”、“正规的”、“标准的”,
强调“习惯性的”、“符合
规章制度的”或“一贯如此的”。例如:
This is a
normal school. 这是一所师范学校。
People who commit
crime like that are not normal. 犯这样罪行的人精神都有些不正常。
(4)ordinary 与 common 意思相近,多指“平淡无奇”,
表示“平常”、“平淡无奇”,
意思与 common
很近,表示几乎天天发生的事或只认平凡、没有特殊地位的人。例如:
Although she
was rich, she was always in ordinary dress.
尽管她很富有,但她总是
穿着平常的衣服。
That morning,
Mr. Chen came earlier than usual, for it was not
an ordinary day. 那
天早上,陈老师来得比平常早,因为那天不是寻常的日子。
Ordinary men and women can work wonders in our
country. 在我们国家普通男女就可以
创造奇迹。
Mr. Chen is an
ordinary-looking man. 陈老师是一位相貌平常的人。
(5)usual
多指“习惯性的,遵循常规的,一贯如此的”,
强调“习惯性的”、“符合规
章制度的”或“一贯如此的”。例如:
Wang Huan
made the usual mistakes, which all beginners make.
王欢犯的就是那些初
学者老犯的错误。
─Is it usual to have
milk with meals. 吃饭时常喝牛奶吗?
─Wine would be more
usual. 饮酒更为普遍。
You should pay the usual fee.
你们应该按规定交费。
Mr. He went to work as usual that
day. 那天和先生像平常一样去上班。
2.bring, carry, fetch,
get, take
bring, carry, fetch, get 和 take
都有“带”、“拿”的意思,但有所不同。
(1)carry 的意思是“携带”、“搬运”、“
负担”,即:把某人带在身边或把某物带
在身上,指随身携带,并将它从一处带到另一处。携带的方式可
以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。
carry 不说明带的方向。如:
The woman
was carrying a baby in her arms. 这个妇女怀抱着一个婴儿。
Let me carry this suitcase for you.
让我替你提(拿)箱子吧。
carry 的宾语也可以是抽象的东西。如:
We will
carry the friendship of the Chinese people back to
my country. 我们将把
中国人民的友谊带回我们国家。
(2)bring
的意思是把某人或某物 “带来”、“拿来”,强调方向,即从别处拿到说话
人这儿来,而不强调带的方
式。其后可接双宾语。如:
Next time you came, bring me that
book, please. 下次来的时候,请把那本书带过来。
bring
的直接宾语也可以是抽象的东西,如名声,荣誉等。如:
His achievement
brought his country great honour.
他的成就给他的国家带来了极大的
声誉。
(3)take 的意思是把人或物
“带走,拿走”,即从说话人处带到别处去,如:
Who has taken
away today's newspaper?谁拿走了今天的报纸?
(4)get 和 f
etch的意思差不多,表示到某处去把某人找到并带来,或把某物找到并取
来,get常用于口语。如
:
Go and get some water. 去弄点水来。
Can you
fetch me some paper?你能给我去取一些纸吗?
3. can’t help
doing, can ’t help to do
can’t help doing
和 can’t help to do 在形式相似,但在意义上截然不同。其区别如
下:
(1)can’t help doing sth. 是
“身不由己地去做某事”,“情不自禁地做某事”。例如:
We can’t help
feeling sorry for him. 我们不禁为他难过。
When he saw
his mother, the little boy couldn't help crying.
当这个小男孩看到他
妈妈时,忍不住哭了。
She can’t help
laughing on seeing such a funny thing.
看到这种滑稽事,她忍不住
笑了。
(2) Can’t help to do it.
我爱莫能助。
We can’t help doing. = can’t but do.
如:I can’t help crying. =I can’t but cry.
4.
heck, examine, investigate, inspect
check,
examine, investigate 和 inspect
这四个单词都有“检查”的意思,但各自的含
义和用法有所不同。
(1)check
意为“检查,核对, 查证”,侧重“核对”。例如:
Listen again and
check your answers. 再听一遍,然后检查答案。
(2)examine
意为“检查,审查”,带有严肃和正规的意味。例如:
The quality of the TV
sets has been examined strictly before leaving the
factory.
电视机在出厂之前都进行了严格的质量检查。
(3)investigate 意为“调查”,指全面地探察和有组织地检查。例如:
The cause of the fire is being investigated.
这次起火的原因正在调查之中。
(4)inspect
意为“检查,视察”,强调详查和官方行为,重在监督。例如:
The King once
inspected the school. 国王曾视察过这所学校。
6. dress,
have on, put on, pull on, wear
dress,
have on, put on, pull on 和wear 都可以表 “穿、戴”
的意思,但是其含义和
用法个不相同。
have on和 wear
表“穿、戴”状态;put on, pull on 表示动作;dress
既可表示状态,
也可以表示动作。具体应用时应当注意:
(1)dress 可作及物动
词和不及物动词,指“穿”的动作。用作不及物动词时,表“穿好
衣服”,用作及物动词时,后面要接“
人”,不接“衣服”,表示 “给某人穿衣服”。如:
Miss Wang washed,
dressed and went out. 王小姐洗完脸,穿好衣服就出去了。
Our
daughter is old enough to dress herself.
我们的女儿长大了,可以自己穿衣服了。
Could you dress the
children for me? 你能不能替我给孩子穿上衣服?
dress也可指“穿着”衣服的状态。主动式一般表示重复或习惯;被动形式 be dressed
in 表
达某人在某个场合穿着什么衣服。例如:
They always dresses
in green. 他们总是穿绿色的衣服。
They dress well. 他们穿得体面。
He is well dressed. 他穿得很好。
That man
dressed poorly. 那人衣衫褴褛。
The nurses are all
dressed in white. 那些护士都穿着白衣服。
在非正式英语中要表达自己穿衣服时,常用 get dressed 或 put on。例如:
Get dressed and come down stairs at once.
马上穿好衣服下楼来!
(2)have on
意为“穿着、戴着”,指穿的状态,其后可以接衣服、帽子、鞋子等能穿戴
的东西。have on
(=be in, be wearing)不能用于进行时态。例如:
He has on a
blue coat and grey trousers today.
他今天穿着一件蓝上衣和一条灰裤子。
(3)put
on意为“穿、戴”,指“穿”的动作。后面要接穿戴的东西,其反义词是take off。
例如:
It's cold today. Better put on more clothes.
今天天气冷,最好穿多些衣服。
The oil worker put on his
safety helmet. 那位采油工人戴上了安全帽。
He put on his
glasses to read the letter. 他戴上眼镜读信。
(4) wear
是及物动词,意为“穿着、戴着”,指“穿”的状态,后面接穿戴的东西,它
可以用进行时态。例如:
Many girls wear skirts in summer. 夏天,很多女孩子穿裙子。
He was wearing heavy shoes. 他穿着笨重的鞋子。
She
wore a red flower in her hair. 她头发上插了一朵红花。
(5) pull on, 反义词 pull off,
表示漫不经心地,随随便便或匆匆忙忙地穿上衣服、袜
子或戴上手套等。例如:
His
clothes seemed to be just pulled on to keep him
covered, like a blanket to keep
one warm.
他的衣服好像是随随便便地披在身上,就像人们为了保暖,将毯子裹在身上一样。
She
pulled her clothes on and went to school.
她匆匆忙忙地穿上衣服,就到学校去了。
She pulled her socks
(gloves, sweater). 她穿上袜子(戴上手套、穿上毛衣)。
注意:
dress 只用于穿衣服(或给人穿衣)
have on, put on, wear
可用于穿衣服、袜子、鞋子、戴帽子、手套,眼镜等;
wear
还可以用于佩戴手表、首饰、徽章、花儿,及留头发、胡须的长短、式样等。如:
wear a
ring (watch) 戴着戒指(手表)
wear spectacles
戴着眼镜
wear a flower 戴着一朵花
The officer was
wearing a medal (his sword).那位军官佩戴着一枚徽章(他的剑)
7. cheerful, glad, happy, joyful
cheerful, glad, happy 和joyful 都有“快乐”的意义。
(1) cheerful “快乐”,常指乐观、愉快天性的流露,包括再不利、令人不快的情况下,
保持欣悦的心情;兼指事物“令人愉快”。例如:
He always looks
cheerful even in defeat.
他总是高高兴兴的,即使在输了的时候也是
如此。
We sat around the
cheerful fire, talking over the events of the day.
我们围坐在
一个温暖的炉火旁,谈论着当前的大事。
(2) glad
指由于某一特定的事或原因而“快乐”、“高兴”,一般只能作表语。例如:
I am very
glad to have this opportunity to speak at the
conference. 我很高兴有机
会在这个大会上发言。
(3) happy
的本意是“幸福的”, 但也可泛指一般的“快乐”。例如:
We are living a
happy life now. 我们现在过着幸福的生活。
(4) joyful
“兴高采烈、令人欢欣”。例如:
Let us sing song songs to
celebrate this joyful occasion.
让我们唱几支歌来庆祝令
人快乐的节日。
8. especial(ly),
particular(ly),special(ly)
(1) especially的“特
别、特殊”指的是非普通、非寻常,主要解释为“尤其”,一般不
能与specially混用。例如:
“Drag”means pull along, especially with effort
and difficulty. “drag”这个单
词的意思是“pull
along(拉)”,尤其是指费劲、吃力地拉。
It has been especially
hot this summer. 今年夏天特别热。
The Great Wall had
been added to, rebuilt and repaired, especially
during the Ming
Dynasty.
长城不时得到扩建、重建和修缮,尤其是在明朝。
(2) specially和especiall
y在数量、程度等方面表示“例外、格外、过分”的意思时,
一般可以互换。口语中,尤其是在美国英语
中,一般用specially, 正式文件中多用
especially,
特别是在介词或连连词前面尤为多见,这时它们的同义词是particularly。 例
如:
It's not especiallyspecially cold
today.今天不算特别冷。
He was particularlyespecially
interested in spoken English.他对英语口语特别感兴
趣。
(3) especial, particular 和 special 都用作形容词。
现在少用especial。凡是原用especial 的地方,现在都可以用special
来代替。special
强调“与众不同”、“少见”或“专门”,因此需要“特别处理对待”。
They have certain special dishes not found
elsewhere. 他们这里有机到特别的菜,是
别的地方没有的。
His long
illness deserves special consideration.
她长期患病应该得到特出照顾。
particular指从多事例中选出一个“个别”的,
但有时也表示“特殊”,意义于special 重
叠。
--- Why did she
spend so much time searching shop after shop only
for a blouse?
---她为什么花这么多时间一个店接一个店地找一件衬衫?
--- Oh, she was very particular about her
clothes.
---嗷,他对衣服特别讲究。
He has a
particular interest in English. 他读英语有特殊的兴趣。
This is a matter of particularspecial
importance. 这件事特别重要。
In this particular case,
the rule does not hold. 对此个别情况, 这规律不适用。
(2) Specially, especially 和
particularly 都有“特别、特殊 ”的含义。
(1)specially
指的是非一般、非正常、非广泛,主要含意为“专门”。如:
This jacket was
made specially for the king. 这件衣服是专为国王制作的。
I
came here specially to see my first teacher.
我来这里是专门看我的启蒙老师的。
9. choose, elect, select
choose, elect 和 select 这三个动词都有 “挑选”、“选择”
的意思,但各自的含义和
用法有所不同。
(1)choose 是普通用语,指按自己的判
断力或好恶来进行挑选,挑选可以在两者、也可
以在任意多者之中进行,其后接 between A
andor B, . from ., .
as sth.。例如:
Miss Li
has to choose between giving up her job andor
hiring a nanny.李小姐得在
放弃工作和雇用保姆之间作选择。
Could
you choose me a good one from among them?
劳驾给我从中挑选一个好的,行吗?
The students chose Gao Feng
as their monitor. 学生们选高峰当班长。
(2)select
表示在选择上比 choose 要考虑得更细致,主要根据被选对象的优劣,选拔、
精选出最佳或最合
适者,被挑选对象一般多于两个,其后面常常接 . (from
.), .(as
sth.)。例如:
He selected an appropriate birthday
card from the rack for his mother.
他从架子
上给母亲挑选了一张合适的生日贺卡。
Who was selected as
the team leader? 选谁出来当队长?
(3)elect指通过投票等方式正式地选出,常作 “选举”、“推选” 解,后面接sb.(to
sth.), sb. (as) sth.。例如:
Ms. Mendel was
elected to parliament. 门德尔女士当选为议员。
We elected
him (as) our team leader by a show of hands.
我们通过举手的方式选举他
当队长。