E-commerce-is-coming-of-age日趋完善的电子商务毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
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外 文 文 献 翻
译
文献、资料中文题目：
日趋完善的电子商务
文献、资料英文题目：E-commerce is coming of age
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翻译日期： 2017.02.14
附件1：电子商务外文资料翻译译文
E-commerce is coming of age
The 21st century
are the information time, the tertiary industry
unceasingly rise
in the various countries'
proportion, specially service industry,
information service
industry becomes for the
21stcentury the leading industries, this has
caused the
electronic commerce production and
the development in the global information is
under the influence which the situation
drives, the various countries' electronic
commerce unceasing improvement and the
consummation, the electronic commerce is
a
focal point which each country and each big
company capture.
And, along with the whole
world electronic commerce swift and violent
development, the electronic commerce scale
expands day by day, if US in 2000 the
electronic commerce amounts to 488.7 billion
US dollars, Japanese 31.9 billion US
dollars,
German 20.6 billion US dollars. Thereupon, the
various countries unceasingly
opens sends out
the form to be diverse, the characteristic each
different electronic
commerce solution. But,
because various countries and some international
organization to electronic commerce
understanding existence difference, thus the
formulation and implementation development
electronic commerce policy also has
the
obvious difference between the country and the
country electronic commerce live
agent lacks
the effective coordinated mechanism to develop
slowly, simultaneously a
country interior
electronic commerce activity also because of lacks
the effective
policy safeguard to receive the
restriction. Therefore, the research discussion
electronic commerce present situation and the
formulation implementation
appropriate
electronic commerce policy question extremely is
urgent.
But in our country, the computer and
the network technology popularization and
the
development, the electronic commerce rapidly
rises, the multitudinous
information
technology enterprise, the venture capital
company, the production
circulation enterprise
develops the electronic commerce in abundance.
Looked from national Economical trade
committee to more than 630 enterprises'
investigations that, at present enterprise in
Internet application and development
electronic commerce aspect, eastern area
enterprise good to middle area, middle is
good
to the west; The locus good at is situated at the
far away enterprise in the big
city
enterprise, the new enterprise is good to the old
enterprise. The economic
potentiality is
strong, the profit space big enterprise, the
information construction and
the electronic
commerce develops quite well if the association
group already has at
present completed the
supply chain link information, foundationally
completed the
development electronic commerce
completely to work. at the same time, the majority
enterprise quite takes to the information
construction, generally will favor the
electronic commerce the future, the enterprise
internal information construction has
made the
positive progress, was surmounting by the
information isolated island to the
information
integration; The establishment has also made the
certain progress in the
network application
foundation electronic commerce construction, some
enterprises
already through network
development purchase service and on-line sale.
Enters the World Trade Organization along with
China, the domestic market is
open to the
whole world. This meant the Chinese economy
development one big
surmounts, the electronic
commerce also inevitably gradually will develop,
impact
tradition industry status does not need
to question that, the Internet is becoming the
new industrial revolution the leading
strength, electronic business takes up honest
work into the new economical growth spot. But,
the website grows with does not have
between
the benefit the contrast, the electronic commerce
transaction security
technology and the
reliability is bad, the transaction both sides
deficient prestige and
so on already seriously
restricted our country electronic commerce
development, the
electronic commerce
development has been facing layer on layer the
difficulty in
China.
But the information
technology already became the Chinese enterprise
with it
correlation electronic commerce to
enter the world in the new century the true
opportunity. Market more open, the enterprise
will induct the electronic commerce the
proportion to continue to increase, China will
become the electronic commerce to be
quickest
in the global development, one of potential
biggest areas.
This text from of our country
e- commerce environment of development, existing
problem, how improve development environment
and of our country development
trend 3 of
e-commerce at present, probed into and an aliped
the current situation of
e-commerce
development of our country.
WHEN the
technology bubble burst in 2000, the crazy
valuations for online
companies vanished with
it, and many businesses folded. The survivors
plugged on as
best they could, encouraged by
the growing number of internet users. Now
valuations
are rising again and some of
the dotcoms are making real profits, but the
business
world has become much more cautious
about the internet’s potential. The funny thing
is that the wild predictions made at the
height of the boom—namely, that vast chunks
of
the world economy would move into cyberspace—are,
in one way or another,
coming true.
The
raw numbers tell only part of the story. According
to America’s Department
of Commerce, online
retail sales in the world’s biggest market last
year rose by 26%,
to $$55 billion. That sounds
a lot of money, but it amounts to only 1.6% of
total retail
sales. The vast majority of
people still buy most things in the good old
“bricks-and-mortar” world.
But the
commerce department’s figures deal with only part
of the retail industry.
For instance, they
exclude online travel services, one of the most
successful and
fastest-growing sectors of
e-commerce. InterActiveCorp (IAC), the owner of
and , alone sold $$10 billion-worth of travel
last year—and it
has plenty of competition,
not least from airlines, hotels and car-rental
companies, all
of which increasingly sell
online.
Nor do the figures take in things
like financial services, ticket-sales agencies,
pornography (a $$2 billion business in America
last year, according to Adult Video
News, a
trade magazine), online dating and a host of other
activities, from tracing
ancestors to gambling
(worth perhaps $$6 billion worldwide). They also
leave out
purchases in grey markets, such as
the online pharmacies that are thought to be
responsible for a good proportion of the $$700m
that Americans spent last year on
buying cut-
price prescription drugs from across the border in
Canada.
And there is more. The commerce
department’s figures include the fees earned
by internet auction sites, but not the value
of goods that are sold: an astonishing $$24
billion-worth of trade was done last year on
eBay, the biggest online auctioneer. Nor,
by
definition, do they include the billions of
dollars-worth of goods bought and sold
by
businesses connecting to each other over the
internet. Some of these B2B services
are
proprietary; for example, Wal-Mart tells its
suppliers that they must use its own
system if
they want to be part of its annual turnover of
$$250 billion.
So e-commerce is already very
big, and it is going to get much bigger. But the
actual value of transactions currently
concluded online is dwarfed by the
extraordinary influence the internet is
exerting over purchases carried out in the
offline world. That influence is becoming an
integral part of e-commerce.
To start
with, the internet is profoundly changing consumer
behaviour. One in
five customers walking into
a Sears department store in America to buy an
electrical
appliance will have researched
their purchase online—and most will know down to a
dime what they intend to pay. More
surprisingly, three out of four Americans start
shopping for new cars online, even though most
end up buying them from traditional
dealers.
The difference is that these customers come to the
showroom armed with
information about the car
and the best available deals. Sometimes they even
have
computer print-outs identifying the
particular vehicle from the dealer’s stock that
they
want to buy.
Half of the 60m
consumers in Europe who have an internet
connection bought
products offline after
having investigated prices and details online,
according to a
study by Forrester, a research
consultancy (see chart 1). Different countries
have
different habits. In Italy and Spain, for
instance, people are twice as likely to buy
offline as online after researching on the
internet. But in Britain and Germany, the two
most developed internet markets, the numbers
are evenly split. Forrester says that
people
begin to shop online for simple, predictable
products, such as DVDs, and then
graduate to
more complex items. Used-car sales are now one of
the biggest online
growth areas in America.
People seem to enjoy shopping on the internet,
if high customer-satisfaction
scores are any
guide. Websites are doing ever more and cleverer
things to serve and
entertain their customers,
and seem set to take a much bigger share of
people’s overall
spending in the future.
This has enormous implications for business. A
company that neglects its website
may be
committing commercial suicide. A website is
increasingly becoming the
gateway to a
company’s brand, products and services—even if the
firm does not sell
online. A useless website
suggests a useless company, and a rival is only a
mouse-click away. But even the coolest website
will be lost in cyberspace if people
cannot
find it, so companies have to ensure that they
appear high up in internet search
results.
For many users, a search site is now their
point of entry to the internet. The
best-known
search engine has already entered the lexicon:
people say they have
“Googled” a company, a
product or their plumber. The search business has
also
developed one of the most effective forms
of advertising on the internet. And it is
already the best way to reach some consumers:
teenagers and young men spend more
time
online than watching television. All this means
that search is turning into the
internet’s
next big battleground as Google defends itself
against challenges from
Yahoo! and Microsoft.
The other way to get noticed online is to
offer goods and services through one of
the
big sites that already get a lot of traffic. Ebay,
Yahoo! and Amazon are becoming
huge trading
platforms for other companies. But to take part, a
company’s products
have to stand up to intense
price competition. People check online prices,
compare
them with those in their local high
street and may well take a peek at what customers
in other countries are paying. Even if
websites are prevented from shipping their
goods abroad, there are plenty of web-based
entrepreneurs ready to oblige.
What is going
on here is arbitrage between different sales
channels, says
Mohanbir Sawhney, professor of
technology at the Kellogg School of Management in
Chicago. For instance, someone might use the
internet to research digital cameras, but
visit a photographic shop for a hands-on
demonstration. “I’ll think about it,” they will
tell the sales assistant. Back home, they will
use a search engine to find the lowest
price
and buy online. In this way, consumers are
“deconstructing the purchasing
process”, says
Professor Sawhney. They are unbundling product
information from the
transaction itself.
It is not only price transparency that makes
internet consumers so powerful; it is
also the
way the net makes it easy for them to be fickle.
If they do not like a website,
they swiftly
move on. “The web is the most selfish environment
in the world,” says
Daniel Rosensweig, chief
operating officer of Yahoo! “People want to use
the internet
whenever they want, how they want
and for whatever they want.”
Yahoo! is not
alone in defining its strategy as working out what
its customers
(260m unique users every month)
are looking for, and then trying to give it to
them.
The first thing they want is to become
better informed about products and prices. “We
operate our business on that belief,” says
Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s chief executive.
Amazon
became famous for books, but long ago branched out
into selling lots of
other things too; among
its latest ventures are health products, jewellery
and gourmet
food. Apart from cheap and bulky
items such as garden rakes, Mr Bezos thinks he can
sell most things. And so do the millions of
people who use eBay.
And yet nobody thinks
real shops are finished, especially those
operating in
niche markets. Many bricks-and-
mortar bookshops still make a good living, as do
flea
markets. But many record shops and travel
agents could be in for a tougher time. Erik