中、西部地区因地制宜地推进。还要注意防止城市病，不能一边是高楼林立，一
边是棚户 连片。本届政府下决心要再改造一千万户以上各类棚户区，这既是解决
城市内部的二元结构，也是降低城 镇化的门槛。尤为重要的是，新型城镇化必须
和农业现代化相辅相成，要保住耕地红线，保障粮食安全， 保护农民利益。
城镇化是一个复杂的系统工程，会带来经济和社会深刻的变化，需要各项配
套改革去推进。在推进过程中，还会遇到并且必须解决各种问题。据说这次两会
期间，关于城镇化的建 议和提案已经500多件了，还在统计之中，我们将会认真
地一一研究，使城镇化能够积极稳妥地向前推 进。谢谢。
法国《费加罗报》记者：现在环境污染和食品安全，包括北京的空气质量状
况 ，已经成为严重的问题。我想请问，在中国政府保持经济增长的同时，能否同
时解决这些问题？中国的公 众和舆论是否可以更多地监督政府在这方面的措
施？谢谢。
李克强：我前面讲，要打造中 国经济的升级版，就包括在发展中要让人民呼
吸洁净的空气，饮用安全的水，食用放心食品。刚才记者先 生讲到，一段时期以
来，北京、实际上中国东部比较大范围出现雾霾天气，我和大家一样，心情都很沉重。对这一长期积累形成的问题，我们要下更大的决心，以更大的作为去进行
治理。特别是对重点 地区，已经查明的人为因素，要限期治理，对于水污染、土
地污染的状况，要摸清底数，进行坚决的整治 。
至于食品安全，那可以说是天大的事，直接关系到人们的生活质量和身体健
康。政府应 该对假冒伪劣和黑心食品坚决进行查处，并且让不法分子付出昂贵的
代价。
我还担心的是 ，粗放的发展方式能不能加快得到转变。我曾经说过，绿水青
山贫穷落后不行，但殷实富裕环境恶化也不 行。我们需要进一步创新发展理念，
推动科学发展。一是不能再欠新账，包括提高环保的门槛；二是加快 还旧账，包
括淘汰落后产能等。政府应当铁腕执法、铁面问责。
我们不能以牺牲环境来换 取人民并不满意的增长，所以这里很重要的是，不
论是污染的状况、食品问题，还是治理和处置的效果， 都要公开、透明，让公众、
媒体能够充分、有效地加以监督，这也是形成一种倒逼机制，来硬化企业和政 府
的责任，也可以增强人们自身的防护意识。既然同呼吸、就要共奋斗，大家都尽
一把力。政府 则是要以更大的决心来让人民放心。谢谢。
中国日报记者：总理，您好。刚才您谈到了很多改革的 目标和举措，我们也
一直十分关注中国劳教制度的改革。我们也想知道，中国劳教制度改革有没有一个时间表？谢谢您。
李克强：请允许我简要地回答你。有关中国劳教制度的改革方案，有关部 门
正在抓紧研究制定，年内有望出台。谢谢。
凤凰卫视记者：总理您好。刚刚我注意到一 个细节，您在回答所有媒体同业
问题的时候，您的双手打手势超过了有30几次。这一幕让我印象深刻， 想起了11

年前，当时采访时任河南省长的您展现出来的自信和睿智。我想问的是，两年 前
您到访香港，带去了中央政府的大礼包，未来有哪些新的举措？另外，我要特别
说的是，我也 是安徽省籍的人，但我是一个出生在台湾、工作在香港、在过去十
多年来一直穿梭在两岸三地的华文媒体 人。我身旁的人万分渴望对您本人有进一
步的了解，能不能借这一个机会，谈谈您从政生涯一路走来从最 基层到最高层您
个人的情怀，谢谢总理。
李克强：刚才记者先生提醒我，手势多了，引起 人们的注意力，就会不太注
意听我回答问题的内容了。不过你刚才讲的三点都是容易引起我情感的问题。
我记得前年到香港访问，宣布中央政府支持香港繁荣，推动两地深化合作的
一系列政策，你 把它比喻为“大礼包”倒是很形象。不过这个“大礼包”的干货
要一个一个地打开，才能用好、用足，还 需要两地共同努力。现在已经取得了一
些效果，中央政府会尽力去推进。
我访港的时候， 深感“一国两制”下的香港充满活力，香港同胞勤劳、智慧，
香港社会包容、开放、充满活力，内地和香 港合作空间还很大。凡是有利于港澳
同胞福祉增加、内地和港澳合作深化、维护港澳长期繁荣的事，中央 政府都会尽
心尽力地去做。
你问到个人经历，也讲到安徽。我曾经是安徽凤阳的插队知青 ，很难忘那一
段和乡亲们度过的艰难岁月。那里当时是中国农村出了名的穷地方，也是后来中
国 农村承包制改革的发源地。我还记得1977年高考后，我是在田头锄地时得到高
考录取通知消息的。
正是改革开放改变了我们国家的命运，使亿万农民脱贫，也使许许多多的人
出现了重大的人 生转折。现在改革的重任落到了我们这一代肩上，我想我们要尽
力使改革的红利惠及全体人民，使老年人 安度晚年、年轻人充满希望，使我们的
国家生机勃勃。
我没有更多的时间来讲述个人的经 历，我想说的是，在我个人的经历，在读
书、做事、文化熏陶当中，悟出一个道理，就是行大道、民为本 、利天下。这九
个字不是什么典籍的原话，是我的心得。我坚信做人要正、办事要公，才能利国
利民。谢谢。
傅莹：时间关系，是不是再提一个问题？
李克强：尊重主持人，也是尊重女性，尊重记者。
俄新社记者：总理，您好。你刚才谈到中美关系 问题，我不能不问关于中俄
关系的问题。中国国家主席习近平即将访问俄罗斯，您作为新一届总理，您怎 么
评价中俄关系？将在哪些方面推动中俄合作？谢谢。
李克强：不久习近平主席将访问俄 罗斯，这本身就说明中俄关系的重要性。
我们两国互为最大的邻国。我还记得去年访问俄罗斯，俄罗斯领 导人同我会面的
时候，直截了当地说，我们之间的政治关系很好了，没有什么谈不拢的了，大家
是不是多用点精力谈务实合作的事。我在和俄罗斯地方民间人士接触过程当中，

也深感他 们迫切希望能够提升中俄务实合作的水平，发挥中俄经贸互补的优势。
我还记得出席一个经贸方面的论坛 ，当时我说，中俄双边贸易额是800亿美元，
我就憧憬，通过共同努力，再翻几番没有问题，而且可以 实现共赢。
中俄推动务实合作，在地区和国际事务中加强沟通协调，不仅有利于巩固双
边 关系，而且有利于维护地区和世界的和平稳定。事实上，中国和周边国家一直
在推动互利合作、互利共赢 、发挥相互优势，使双方的关系迈上新的台阶，使亚
太地区和平发展与合作成为不可阻挡的潮流。
刚才主持人说这是最后一个问题了，今天在场的有很多来自国外的记者朋友
没有机会一一提 问，我想再讲几句。
这一段时间，我一直在看有关中国问题的报道，当然主要是国际舆论所关注< br>的一些问题，大概主要是两方面：一个是担心中国经济能不能够持续发展；还有
一个是担心中国发 展起来会不会恃强称霸。
这两种疑问我认为都可以打消。中国有条件保持经济持续健康发展，不断 推
进社会进步。中国有13亿多人口，实现现代化还有很长的路要走，需要持久的国
际和平环境 。即使中国发展强大起来，我们也不会称霸，因为中国在近现代历史
的惨痛遭遇中有深刻感受，己所不欲 ，勿施于人，这是中国人的信条。
这里我想强调，走和平发展道路是中国坚定不移的决心，维护国 家的主权和
领土完整，也是中国不可动摇的意志。这两条原则并行不悖，也符合维护地区稳
定和 世界和平秩序的准则。中国作为发展中的大国，愿意承担相应的国际义务，
同世界各国一道，携手努力， 守住21世纪的全球和平与繁荣。谢谢各位。
刚才主持人又向我“示表”了，时间到了。我知道许多人 可能很早就来到这
里了，如果说没有新闻记者的话，这个世界上就没有新闻了。你们很辛苦，也请
保重，我们还有机会再见。再次谢谢各位，再见。
Highlights of Li Keqiang's first news conference as Chinese Premier on
March 17, 2013.
Q: The two sides of Taiwan Straits have witnessed good development
in recent years. What is the plan to further promote cross-Straits
relations? Will there be any new opportunities and challenges?
A: The two sides of the Taiwan Straits belong to one China. Residents
on the two sides of Straits are compatriots. The concept of compatriots
is deep-rooted in Chinese culture. I believe that is the reason our nation
has thrived for 5,000 years. Bones may be broken, but they are not split,
because we are compatriots. Between us, there is no knot that cannot be
untied.
We’re happy to see that in recent years cross- Straits relations have
enjoyed peaceful development and cross-Straits cooperation has yielded
good fruit. As long as we maintain the one China principle and the bond
of compatriots, then there will be great space and potential in
cross-Straits relations.
My government will fulfill the commitment made by the last government

and, at the same time, to identify the new pivots for cross-Straits
cooperation. In the course of developing the mainland, we will give more
consideration for the well-being and interests of Taiwan residents, so
that the two sides can share the fruits of the country’s development.
Both the mainland and Taiwan belong to our common homeland. We need
to maintain and develop well this common homeland, so that it will be full
of flowers. When flowers are in full blossom, there will be a time for
the moon to be full again.
On anti-corruption
Question from China National Radio: A series of corruption cases were
exposed recently. What kind of specific measures will the new leadership
take to end corruption?
Li: Corruption and the nature of our government are water and fire.
I want to state clearly that Chinese government has a great determination
to fight corruption.
As government officials, we should serve the public and end the idea
of making money, because they are two separated lines. We’d like to accept
supervision from the society and media.
We need to establish and perfect the way we combat corruption, and
we will punish corrupt officials without mercy. More importantly, we’ll
create a transparent environment, allowing the public to supervise
effectively.
To provide a better life for people, the government has to practice
austerity. A few days ago, I received a financial budget report, saying
the central government revenue increases only 1.6 percent. People’s
livelihood must increase, not decrease, and our governments need to cut
spending.
First, new governmental buildings will not be built. Second, a number
of people on the government payroll will decrease, not increase. Third,
receptions, business trips and the use of official vehicles will decrease,
not increase.
On environmental protection
Li said we should not pursue economic growth at the expense of the
environment. This government has made a greater resolve to provide people
with clean air, safe drinking water and safe food.
Measures include creating a new model of development and pursuing
scientific strategies, raising environmental thresholds and phasing out
backward production tools.
Li urged a more transparent government and more public supervision
to address the environmental issues, and the government should also help
people take precautionary measures as well.
Q: Is there a timetable for the reform of re-education through labor?
A：Please allow me to give you a brief answer. About the plan for the
reeducation through labor reform, the relevant departments are working

intensively to formulate a plan, and it may be laid out before the end
of this year.
On China-US ties
When I visited the US in the 1980s, a national election was in process,
and I met people of both parties. They said to me no matter who is elected,
the cooperation with China and the principle of one China will not change.
Over the last decade, there have been ups and downs in China-US
relations, but the friendship has always been moving forward. We want to
build a new type of relationship with the Obama administration. You ask
me how to build it and it makes me think that I often meet American
political leaders. They tell me frankly that they are coming for the
benefit of the US. I tell them I work for China. So we have something in
common. Look back three decades ago and the trade volume between China
and US was only $$1 billion. Last year it is more than $$500 billion.
We will continue to cooperate and promote mutual benefits. In the
future there will be more opportunities for trade and investment. I do
not deny that there are conflicts between China and the US. We should
respect each other and control the disputes. Shared interests often
override disputes. We can learn from each other to promote friendship
between the people and enhance the social foundation of China-US
relations.
China and the US both have expressed an intention to keep the Asia
Pacific region steady and prosperous. I hope we do what we say.
You asked about cyberattacks. This is a worldwide problem. China is
the main target of these attacks. China does not support it and firmly
objects cyberattacks. What you just said makes me feel it is presumption
of guilt. We should not make groundless criticisms and do more to protect
cybersafety.
Urbanization
Li said urbanization is the logical result of modernization and the
scale of China's urbanization is quite big and has attracted the attention
of the world.
Urbanization should help farmers to realize their dreams of having
the same living standards as urban residents.
New urbanization should come together with industrialization of the
agricultural sector. China's east and west regions should pursue
organized urbanization.
Urbanization is a complex project and needs to be supported by many
reforms.
Government’s priorities for the future
The 18th Party Congress has already laid out a comprehensive plan for
the government’s work. First, we need to strive for sustainable
development. We must be prepared for danger in times of safety because
the future economic environment of China will remain harsh and complex.

We need to maintain sustainable economic growth, prevent inflation and
control potential risks so as to avoid major fluctuations in the Chinese
economy. Domestic demand is crucial for China to maintain an average
growth rate of 7 percent, which is necessary for China to realize the
targets set for 2020. We need to promote economic transition and combine
the potentials of domestic demand and the vigor of creativity so as to
further upgrade quality, efficiency, employment, people’s incomes and
environmental protection and resources conservation.
Second, we need to improve people’s livelihoods, especially among
low- income groups, and expand middle-income groups. We need to ensure
basic necessities for people and develop a social safety net to include
compulsory education, medical care, elderly care and housing. We need to
improve the subsistence allowance system and provide assistance to people
suffering from major diseases. The government will mobilize all resources
and do its utmost to ensure the basic rights and dignity of the people.
Third, we need to ensure social fairness, which is the source of
societal creativity and yardstick of the government’s work. We need to
make sure the hard work of all people, no matter from urban or rural areas,
and regardless of their family backgrounds, is rewarded. We also need to
make sure all wealth creators, be they State-owned, private or
individually run businesses, can achieve success as long as they compete
in a level playing field and in a clean and honest way.
Three things are essential for the government to achieve these goals.
An innovative government will further unleash the creativity of the
economy and society. A clean government will be more credible, effective
and efficient. The government must work abiding by laws and nobody can
exceed the boundary of law. The rule of law is essential to build a modern
economy, modern society and modern government.
Li on government overhaul
The plan for institutional reform and transforming the government
function has drawn a lot of attention. Is this your ideal plan? How can
the reform achieve the goal of streamlining administration, delegating
power to the lower levels and transforming government function?
The core of this reform plan is to transform the government function
and streamline administration. We can say the institutional reform is to
optimize the distribution of the government’s internal power, and the
transforming function is to redefine the relations between the government
and society and between government and the market.
Frankly speaking, let the market and society decide what they are
capable of accomplishing. The government should manage affairs well in
what it is supposed to do.
Institutional reform is not an easy task. However, the function of
transformation is a tougher one because it is more profound.
The administrative examination and approval system is too complicated

to improve efficiency. So the government’s transformation work has to
be started with reforming that system. Right now, departments of the State
Council still hold the approval rights of more than 1,700 items, the
government of this term has made up its mind to cut more than one-third
of its approval items.
Use the market to replace the improper roles of government. This is
a self- imposed revolution and it will be painful, like cutting the wrist.
But it is needed to develop and deliver the want of people. We should have
the determination to cut the wrist like brave warriors. We should practice
what we preach and cannot afford to dwell on the trivial.
Government to increase care for most needed

Premier Li said that the Chinese government needs to increase care
for the most needed to prevent them from challenging the society. The
government has to ensure the people's rights to existence and their human
dignity, Li said at a press conference.
Streamline administrative approval
Li Keqiang said Sunday that the State Council will cut the existing
1,700 administrative approval items by at least one third.
Li stresses loyalty to people and law
Li Keqiang emphasized his loyalty to the people and the law on Sunday
in his opening remarks at his first news conference as Chinese Premier.
He started by thanking reporters for their coverage of the two
political sessions, before introducing the vice-premiers one by one and
expressing his gratitude to the people and deputies for their trust.
The wants of the people will point the direction for the government’s
future efforts, and the new government will work by strictly following
the Constitution, he said.
China-Russia relations
President Xi’s upcoming visit to Russia itself illustrates the
importance of China-Russia relations. I remember when I visited Russia
last year, Russian leaders directly said China-Russia political relations
are already very good and asked why we don't spend more time on talking
about practical cooperation.
I feel strongly that Russian leaders are eager to enhance bilateral
tangible cooperation and make use of the complementary advantages in terms
of trade. Two-way trade between China and Russia stands at $$80 billion.
I think through our joint efforts, it will not be a problem to double the
trade.
China and Russia are working together to put forward practical
cooperation and strengthen coordination in regional and international
affairs. Cement bilateral relations will not only beneficial for the
countries, it will also help maintain regional and world peace. In fact,
China and its neighboring countries are working together to promote

mutual-beneficial cooperation and make full use of the each country’s
advantages „ to fuel the peaceful development in the Asia-Pacific.