高中语文资源网-民族精神手抄报

Unit 1
1-1英

Tourist industry was designated as a new economic growth point
in the national economy at the conference on economic work held by
the central committee of the communist party of china. 在中国共产党
中央委员会的经济工作会议中，中国的旅游业被定为国民经济的新
增长点。
The move promoted the status of the tourist sector in economic and
social development, paving the way for the rapid development of the
tourist industry in the next century.这不仅提高了旅游业 在经济和社
会发展中的地位，同时也为旅游业在下个世纪的发展铺平了道路。
The top 54 tourist cities were selected throughout the country by
examination. The event has not only improved the environment for
urban tourist development, but has also speeded up the
internationalization and modernization of the tourist cities.
通过检查，评选出了54个旅游城市。这样的评选不仅改善了城市< br>旅游环境，也加快了城市旅游业国际化和现代化的进程。
Continuous growth was obtained despite the adverse
circumstances of the international market.尽管国际市场的环境并不
好，但是我国的旅游业仍然保持持续的增长。
A steady growth in overseas travelers has given an impetus to the
development of the domestic tourist industry.海外旅客的稳定增长促
进了国内旅游业的发展。
In 1998, the total volume of income from the tourist industry
amounted to 343 billion yuan, an increase of 10.2% over the previous
year, contributing greatly to realizing the preset growth target with
regard to the national economy. 1998年，旅游业的总收入为3430亿
元人民币，比去年增长了10.2%，为 实现国民经济预定的增长目标
做出了巨大的贡献。
A provisional method for the trial establishment of sino-foreign
joint-venture travel agencies was introduced with the approval of the
state council. 征得国务院的同意，我们引进了关于试建中外合资旅
游机构的暂行方法A structure to further expand the opening of the
tourist industry has emerged thanks to the promulgation of the method.
由于这一办法的颁布，形成了进一步扩大旅游业对外开放的新构
架。
It will help open new channels for attracting expertise from overseas
travel services, which will bring about a new competitiveness in the
domestic travel service market. 这一办法会帮助我们打开吸引游 客、
从海外旅游行业中引进先进的管理经验的渠道。这同样也会给国内
的旅游业市场带来新的竞 争。


1-2

Not long ago, the secretary general of the world tourism
organization said. “the Asian financial crisis has slowed down the
development of world tourism , but the Chinese tourism industry has
maintained a high growth speed.” 世界旅游组织秘书长弗朗加利 日
前认定，亚洲金融危机使世界旅游业放慢了增长速度，而中国旅游
业却继续保持着强劲增长势 头。
He predicted that by 2020, china will become the largest tourism
country in the world.
他预测，到2020年，中国将有望成为世界第一大旅游大国。
The secretary general was attending the ’98 china international
tourism fair, held in shanghai. At the fair, the quoted a survey report
as saying; due to the financial crisis in Asia, the number of tourists
coming and going between the Asian countries has dropped by a large
margin since summer 1997. 弗朗加利去年出席了上海98中国国际
旅游交易会，他援引世界旅游组织一份分析报告说，由于金融危机
的影响，亚洲各国之间出入境旅游人 数从1997年夏季开始大幅度
减少。
The growth speed of world tourism decreased from 5.5 percent in 1996
to 3.8 percent in 1997.世界旅游业的增长速度因此由1996年的5.5%
下降到去年的3.8%。
From January to August 1998, the number of tourist entering
china totaled 41.3284 million peopletimes, or an increase of 12.22
percent over the figure for the corresponding period of last year.1998
年1至8月份，我国旅游入境人数达4132.84万人次，比1997 年
同期增长12.22%。
Foreign exchange earnings generated by tourism reached 8.198 billion
us dollars, or an increase of 5.55 percent over those of the
corresponding period of last year. 旅游外汇收入达81.98亿美元，比
1997年同时期增长5.55%。
The number of overseas tourists coming to china has kept growing,
except from the other Asian countries, the number of whose tourists has
shown a slight reduction.
国际客源市场中，除亚洲市场有所下降外，其他各大洲市场均有增
长。
The secretary general pointed out that china’s tourism industry
has shown a rising trend during the Asian financial crisis, and the
Chinese people should be proud of this, he said. 秘书长弗朗加利指
出，中国旅游业在亚洲金融危机中仍出现上升势头，是值得自豪的。
In 1990, the number of foreign tourists entering china ranked 12
th
in the
world, and in 1997, the sixth: 1997年中国的旅游入境人数在世界上
的排名由1990年的第12位上升到第6位，
and its foreign exchange earnings generated from tourism ranked 25
th

in the world in 1990, and the eighth in 1997.旅游外汇收入则从第25
为升至第8位。
The constant deepening of China’s reform and opening to the outside
world has greatly promoted the development of China’s tourism. 秘书
长认为，中国改革开放的不断深入使旅游业随之得到了强劲发展。
It is predicted that by 2020, the number of tourists worldwide will be
about 1.6 billion, of whom 137 million will come to china.预计到了
2020年，全世界旅游 人数将接近16亿，其中1.37亿人将到中国旅
游。
The secretary general said that he likes china very much, because
china is a “very lovely country”. 秘书长说，他非常喜欢中国，因
为中国是个“十分可爱的国家”，It has beaches, plains and mountains,

as well as one of the most ancient civilizations in the world, he pointed
out. 它不仅拥有海滩、平原和山脉，而且是世界文明古国之一。
He is right: china’s 5000-year history of civilization is an invaluable
tourism resource which is attracting more and more tourists from all
over the world.中国五千年文明史就是最大的旅游资源，正在越来越
多地吸引着世界各地的旅游者。

1-3英
Since the reform and opening policies were first instituted,
china’s tourism industry has developed more rapidly than the overall
national economy. 自从改革开放政策的实施，中国旅游业的发展比
国民经济的总体发展还要快。From 1978 to 1996, foreign exchange
earnings derived from tourism rose from us $$ 260 million to us $$ 10.2
billion, an average annual growth of 22%.举个例子， 从1978年到1996
年，旅游业所得外汇从2.6亿美元增加到102亿美元，也就是平均
每年增长了22％。
International tourism has leapt over several historical stages of
development. 国际旅游业的发展经历了几个历史阶段。
In the wake of the resounding successes of visit china '92 programme,
tourism authorities launched theme activities like china landscape '93,
china heritage '94, china folklore'95, china resort '96, visit china '97,
china city and country tour '98 and ecology tour '99. 随着92中国旅游
年取得巨大成功，旅游部门又连续推出93中国山水游，94中国文
化古迹游，95中国民俗风情游， 96中国度假胜地游，97中国旅游
年，98中国城市乡村游和99中国生态游。
All these activities has earned foreign exchange for the country and
have improved the development of domestic tourism and national
economy.
这些活动都为国家挣得了外汇，促进了旅游业和国民经济的发展。
Tourism infrastructure has been continuously adjusted,
improved and optimized. 旅游基础设施也在不断地得到调整，改进，
完善。
The arrangements within the tourism resorts have been made more
rational.
旅游胜地的规划也越来越合理。
In the development of tourism, structural adjustments have been
strengthened and the variety of offerings has been improved and
expanded each year.在旅游业的发展中，我们加强了结构调整，各种
服务每年都得到改善和扩张。In addition to the development of 12
state-level holiday resorts, china also offers tours involving boating,
exploration, hunting, and dozens of other specialized tour package. 除
了发展12个国家级的度假村 以外，我们还提供了如划船，探险，
狩猎，和其他数十种具有特色的代办旅游。
Tours centered on the silk road, the yangtze river three gorges, and
other special itineraries have enriched tourism offerings. 以丝绸之路，
长江三峡，和其他一些路线为中心旅游，丰富了旅游业务。
Tourism in the central and western regions has come to the fore in
fierce development.中部和西部地区的旅游业也有了显著的发展。
1-4
Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems.没有合理
的规划，旅游业将会导致麻烦。
For example, too many tourists can crowed public places that are also
enjoyed by the inhabitants of a count ry.比如，过多的游客会令那个国
家的所有公共场所拥挤不堪，而这些场所同时也是当地人们所享有< br>的。
If tourists create too much traffic, the inhabitants became annoyed and
unhappy. 如果游客令交通拥挤，当地居民将会感到不高兴甚至恼
火。
They begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely. They forget
how much tourism can help the country's economy. 他们开始不喜欢
游客，也不再会礼貌地对待他们。当地人会忘 记旅游业给他们的经
济带来了多少好处。
It is important to think about the people of a destination country and
how tourism affects them.所以，经常想想旅游目的地国家的那些当
地人，想想旅游对他们的影响，这非常重要。
Tourism should help a country keep the customs and the beauty that
attract tourist. Tourism should also improve the well-being of local
in habitants.旅游业应该帮助一个国家保存它的那些吸引游客的风俗
文化和美丽风景；同时旅游 业也应该保证当地居民的幸福健康。
Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism grows too
quickly, people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry.
旅游业太发达也会是一个问题。如果旅游业发展得太快了，人们 就
必须放下其他工作来服务于旅游业。This means that other parts of
the country's economy can suffer.这意味着这个国家的其他经济项目
将受到影响。
On the other hand, if there is not enough tourism, people can
lose jobs. Businesses can also lose money. 另一方面，如果旅游业不
足，人们就可能失业，一些商业也会亏本。
It costs a great deal of money to build large hotels, airports, first-class
roads and other support facilities needed by tourist attractions. 修建大
酒店，机场，一级公路和其他吸引游客所需的服务设施需要大笔资
金。
For example, a major international-class hotel can cost as much as 50
thousand dollars per room to build.比如，修建一个国际级大酒店的一
个客房就得耗资5万美元.If this room is not used most of the time,
the owners of the hotel lose money.如果这个客房大部分时间都空着，
那这家酒店的老板就得亏本。
Building a hotel is just a beginning. There must be many
support facilities as well, including roads to get to the hotel, electricity,
sewers to handle wastes and water.修建一个酒店只是刚刚开始，还需
要有很多 辅助设施，比如通往酒店的道路，酒店的供电，处理污水
的阴沟等等。
All of these support facilities cost money. If they are not used because
there are not enough tourists, jobs and money are lost.所有这些辅助设
施都需要钱 。如果这些设施仅仅是因为没有足够的游客而闲置着，
那人们就会丢掉工作，也会损失钱财。


English version for Techniques for Interpreting英
A. Tourist sites to show ancient culutre展示古代文化的几个旅游点

Shanxi Province plans to develop four major tourist sites
based on the zhou(11th century-256BC),
Qin(221-207BC),Han(206BC-220)and Tang(618-907)dynasty culture.
陕西省计划发展四个以展示周，秦，汉，唐四个朝代的文化为目的
的旅游点。
The Qin culture Tourist Site will be expanded on the basis of
the Mausoleum of Qinshihuang. 秦文化旅游点以秦始皇墓为基础扩
建而成。
In addition to the existing Qin Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses, some
other halls will be built to specially house different exhibits, such as
bronze horses and chariots, sacrificial object tombs and the tombs of
mausoleum builders.
除了原有的秦兵马俑之外，将增设各类展厅，用以专门陈列一些特
别的展品，如：青铜战马，战车，殉 葬品墓以及陵墓建造者的坟墓
等。
Upon completion of various facilities, the Mausoleum of Qinshihuang
will be turned into the Qinshihuang Mausoleum Museum which will be
a considerable scale.这个旅游点的各种设施建成以后，秦始皇墓将
变成具有相当规模的秦始皇陵墓博物馆。
The Han Culture Tourist Site will be located a dozen km
north of xi'an, capital city of the province.汉文化旅游点将坐落在省
府西安以北十几公里处。The area enconpasses many imperial tombs
and sacrificial pits, which contain rich artifacts of high artistic value.这
个旅游点将包括许多帝王墓，祭奠场地，其中含有很多具 有极高艺
术价值的人工制品。
The ruins of the birthplace of the Western Zhou Dynasty(11th
century-771BC)in the east of Baoji city will be the major component of
the Zhou Culture Tourist Site; while the Tang Culture tourist site will
be at the northeast of Xi'an city proper. 周朝旅游点位于宝鸡市东面的
西周发源地遗址上；而唐朝文化旅游点则位于西安市区的东北部。

B. First Eco-park 第一个生态公园
The Shunde Eco-park, opened at the end of last year, is a
new tourist attraction in Guangdong province, built in line with
ecological principles and displaying the local unique eco-agr iculture.去
年开放的，位于顺德的生态公园是广东省的一个新旅游景点。这个
公园的 建立，既符合生态规律，又展示了当地独特的生态农业。
Built at a cost of 300 million yuan, the park covers nearly
2 million square meters and is the country's first theme park that
centers on ecological environmental protection. 耗资3亿元人民币建
成的这个生态公园，占地 面积200万平方米，是中国第一个以生态
环境保护为中心的特色公园。
It integrates the local natural eco-environment with sightseeing,
holidays, culture, entertainment, production and environmental
protection.
它把当地的自然生态环境与旅游度假，文化娱乐，生产以及环境保
护相结合。
The part that has been opened is the first-phrase project built with an
investment of 9 million yuan.目前已经开放的是耗资900万元的第一
期工程。

C. Visit wild animals near the great wall 长城边上的野生动物园
The Badaling Wildlife World, the largest zoo of its kind in
the northern china, was officially opened to visitors on May 1999 after
more than a year's construction.八达岭野生动物世界是华北地区同类
动物园中最大的。 经过一年多的修建，这个动物世界于1999年5
月正式向游客开放。
The zoo, adjacent to the Badaling section of the Great wall,
was built on the mountain, at a cost of 15 million yuan. 这个动物世界
毗邻八达岭长城，建在山坡上。修建这个动物世界耗资1500万元。
Covering an area of about 400 hectares, it consists of 20 zoological
gardens, two historical sites, four places featuring animal performances,
one botanical garden, one holiday resort and two places for body
building and sports.动物世界占地面积大约400公顷，其中包括有20
个动物园，两个历史景点，四个动物表演场，一个植物园，一个度
假村，和两个健身体育中心。
More than 2000 animals are kept in the zoo. Visitors may
take a touring carriage to enter the animal section inhabited by beasts
of prey, such as white tigers, northeast china tigers, African lions, bears
and wolves. 野生动物世 界内有2000多种动物。游客可以乘坐公园
里的游览车进入猛兽区，在那里游客将看到凶猛的白虎，东 北虎，
非洲狮，熊和狼。
One may walk in the tame animal section and enjoy affinity with
giraffes, zebras, peacocks, swans and rhesus monkeys. 游客也可以走
进驯兽区，享受长颈鹿，斑马，孔雀，天鹅，和罗猴的友好。
A wildlife nature reserve with ancient Roman style is provided,
enabling visitors to see animals hunting in the wild.一个具有古罗马风
格的野生自然保护区， 让游客可以亲眼目睹动物在野生环境中猎
食。
At the same time, visitors may also enjoy the well-preserved
natural scenery in the zoo. 同时，游客还可以尽情享受动物世界里得
到良好保护的自然风光。One may stroll along small winding roads,
savoring the beauty of lush forests and apricot blossom. 人们可以漫
步在蜿蜒的小路上，欣赏茂盛的丛林和盛开的杏花；Or one may
climb up the mountain, in search of the thousand-year-old Buddha.可
以爬上山坡，去寻觅那千年大佛。

Unit 2
2-1 Nanjing南京 英

china National Tourism Administration. 由中国国家旅游局策划的
江南水乡游。
On this tour travelers have the chance to appreciate the beauty of
southeast china and the Yangtze Delta. 可以让游客欣赏到中国东南
部和长江三角洲的秀丽风光。Tour starts in Nanjing, capital of Jiangsu
Province, and ends in shaoxing, Zhejiang province, totaling 300 km.
这一路线从江苏省省府南京市开始，最终到达浙江省的绍兴市，全
长300多公里
Cities along this tour are very close to one another, so transportation is
very convenient. 这条路线的各个旅游城市相距很近，交通都很方

便。
Nanjing is one of the seven ancient Chinese capitals. One of its
most famous spots is the Qinhuai River. 南京市是中国著名的七大古
都之一。秦淮河是它最典型的景点之一。
The Qinhuai River, about five kilometers long, has always been a
business and cultural artery for Jiangsu Province.秦淮河号称十里之
长，一直是江苏省商贾云集，市肆繁华之地。
As night falls, lighted boats can be seen shuttling back and forth.
夜幕降临，秦淮河上的灯船往来似火龙。The Qinhuai River region
has become a very popular tour because it offers so many classical
Chinese sights and sounds. 现在的秦淮河已经建成了具有古典特色
的文化旅游地。
The streets along the river banks date from the Ming and Qing
Dynasties, and tourists can enjoy listening to local opera on a boat in
the evening, and at the same time enjoy the local cuisine.到达这里，不
仅可 以欣赏明清风格的街市建筑，还可以乘船夜游秦淮河，聆听地
方戏曲，品尝秦淮小吃。

2-2 Yangzhou扬州 英
Yangzhou, 95 km from Nanjing, can be reached by bus in two
hours.
扬州距南京95公里，约两小时车程。There are many beautiful lakes
and gardens in Yangzhou, the best known of which is Shouxihu(the
slender west lake), Located in the western suburbs of the city, the lake
got its name because of its narrow shape and beautiful scenery.扬州是
一座风景园林城市 ，以瘦西湖著名。瘦西湖位于西郊，因湖面瘦长,
风景秀丽而得名。
Rows of trees and flowers grow on Shouxihu's banks,
interspersed and accentuated by exquisite pavilions. 瘦西湖湖岸花木
扶疏，楼台亭阁相间。
From Yuning Bridge in the middle of the lake one can see 15 inverted
reflections of the moon in every arch of the bridge, a unique view of
Yangzhou.其最独特的 景色是:每当皓月当空的夜晚，建在湖上的玉
宁桥的十五个桥洞里，每一个都映出一轮明月。

2-3 Wuxi无锡 英
Wuxi is known for its attractive Taihu Lake, advanced economy,
a fertile
10 key tourist sites in China. 无锡以太湖胜迹，鱼米之乡，经济发达，
人文荟萃四大特点，名列全国10个旅游重点城市之内。
The Taihu Lake, a creation by the nature, moulds the humane spirit of
the Wuxi people with its grandness and unique beauty.自然造化的太
湖以博大的气势和明媚的秀丽陶冶了无锡人的人文性格。
The rivers and lakes alternating with hills and plains form the
terrain of the area. 无锡的江河湖泊与山丘平原相间;With the four
seasons clearly demarcated, it enjoys abundant sunshine. 四季分明，阳
光充足
The ecological environment is favorable with more than 2500 species
flourishing.生物总类多达2500种左右，生态坏境优越;Rich in natural
resources, it has a highly developed agriculture.物产丰富，农业特别发
达。
It has a big population and comparatively few farmlands. As a
result, people are engaged in intensive farming, as if doing embroidery
work in their fields. 在人多地少的情况下，无锡人种田如绣花，精
耕细作，讲究效益。
Farmlands, fishponds, tea gardens, orchards, mulberry trees and
bamboo jointly provide food for the people and form a unique
ecological picture.由此，农田，鱼塘和茶果桑竹在提供饮食的同时，
也构成了江南田园的生态美。
The intensive farming has fostered a special way of thinking
and behaviour among the Wuxi people who are astute, careful and
ca lculated.精耕细作，也熏陶了人的思维，行为方式，使无锡人具
有精明，细致，缜密的性格倾 向;It has also brought the development of
industry and commerce.它也带动了工商业的发展。
Nearly all of the local entrepreneurs in its modern history
started their businesses connecting with the grain, vegetable oil, cotton
or silk. 无锡近代民族实业家无不从粮油，棉纱，蚕丝等起步，
Wuxi was once proclaimed as one of the country's four major rice
markets, the cotton yarn shipping center and the finest silk producer in
southeast china.所以，无锡有全国四大米市之一，布码头，丝蚕甲
于东南的称谓。
The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Cannal which crosses the city,
connects the Shanghai-Ningbo Railway and the Yangtze River port in
the east. 穿越而过的京杭大运河东连上海的泸宁铁路和长江口岸;
This facilitates the city with the expansion of its industry and
commerce. Thus, it was known as 使无锡的工商业
获得了拓展的空前有利条件，小上海之称由此形成。

2-4 Flying Asparas 飞天 英
According to Indian Mythology, an asparas is a goddess of
water and clouds, and there is another saying that they are the lovers of
the god of musicians and dan cers.根据印度的神话传说，飞天是云和
水的女神，也有说她是佛教中歌舞奏乐者的情人。As Buddhism
spread to China through the silk road, flying asparas began to appear in
Chinese mural. 飞天随着佛教，沿着丝绸之路传入中国后，便在
石窟的壁画和雕刻中大量出现。

2-5 Sailing on Queen Elizabeth 1 乘坐伊丽莎白1号游船
The finest way to Europe is not necessarily the best way. 赴欧
洲旅游，最快的旅程未必就是最佳的选择。
Sailing on Queen Elizabeth 1 is a vacation in itself, you do not arrive in
a frazzle, more tired than when you left. 比如，乘坐伊丽莎白1号漂
洋过海，虽然耗费时间，但度假休闲却自此开始。当您到达目的 地
时，您会像刚出发时一样，丝毫不觉得旅途劳顿; You arrive as you
should: refreshed, with new friends and new experience. 当您到达目
的地时，您应该是精神焕发，有了新友，还大增了见闻。
There are more things to see and to do aboard Queen Elizabeth
1 than there are in most European towns. 乘坐伊丽莎白1号，您可以
观赏许多景致，还可以纵情娱乐，这为大多数欧洲城镇所不及。
She's 65000 tons, 13 stories high, and longer than three football fields.

Queen Elizabeth1 is one of the great sights of Europe.伊丽 莎白1号的
排水量为65,000吨，高达13层，比3个足球场大，本身就是欧洲
胜景之一。
An airplane provides a seat, Queen Elizabeth 1 provides a
stateroom nicer than most hotels in Europe. 飞机仅为乘客提供一个
座位，而伊丽莎白1号却为您 提供一个舱房，其豪华舒适程度，欧
洲大多数旅馆要为之逊色。
Room for room, she has the largest stateroom, wardrobes, dressing
rooms, and bathrooms of any ships afloat. 就房间而言，它的舱房，
衣柜，化妆室，盥洗间较任何一艘船都大。
Queen Elizabeth1 has a staff of over 900. This means at least
one crew member for every two passengers. 伊丽莎白1号拥有900
多位工作人员，这意味着每两位乘客至少有一位船员侍候。
When you ring for your steward or stewardess, the call is answered
with dispatch.当您按铃叫唤服务员时，他们会随叫随到; Like a
good English butler or a maid, they are there when you want them and
not there when you don't want them.就像训练有素的英国家仆，招之
即来，挥之即去。
Queen Elizabeth 1 carries so many passengers, you are bound
to meet a host of people you like, or love. (Is there time to fall in love
on an airplane?) 伊丽莎白1号载客如云，您无疑可以遇到许多有 趣
的人，或您所爱的人（乘飞机有时间谈情说爱吗？）And if you
should happen to meet someone you don't like, a game of
hide-and-seek aboard Queen Elizabeth 1 can last until southampton.即
使您碰巧遇上一个不喜欢的人，您也尽可在船上和 她（他）玩玩捉
迷藏的游戏，避而不见，可以一直玩到船抵达南安普敦。
Airplane have a baggage limit of 44pounds. Queen Elizabeth 1
has a baggage limit of 275 pounds, you may buy a car in Europe and
bring it home in our garage.乘飞机旅行，行李限重44磅，但乘坐伊
丽莎白1号，行李限重高达27 5磅。您可以在欧洲买辆车，停放在
我们的汽车间，与您一同回家。
It will hold 80 cars. Our hold holds countless antiques.该汽车间可停
放80辆轿车，船上的专用货舱可以任君存放数不尽的古玩珍品。
$$46 a day includes your stateroom, food and entertainment.一天
46美元，包括舱房，膳食和娱乐。Or you can spend $$193 a day. The
price depends upon the size and location of your stateroom and the
time of year you sail. 船上最高收费也只不过是每天193美元，其价格的高低取决于舱房的大小，所处的位置和航行的季节。$$46 per day
in total is $$321. This is $$5 more than one-way economy air fare.以每天
46美元计算，总航程共需321美元，该费用仅比单程经 济舱机票
贵5美元。

2-6 Travel in yunnan云南之游 英
Yunnan is a place abundant in tourism resources. It is a
province of plateaus and mountains and has three kinds of climate:
tropical, frigid and temperate. 云南的旅游资源非常丰富。云南的地
形以高原，山脉为主，具有热带，寒带和温带气候。
It is one of the birthplaces of human begins. The ape-man's tooth fossil
proves that there was human activity in yunnan as early as about 1.7
million years ago. 云南是人类发源地之一，在那里发现的猿人牙齿
化石 证明，早在170万年前，云南就有人类活动的痕迹。
Yunnan has the largest number of ethnic groups-52 out 56 Chinese
ethnic groups live in yunnan. 云南是中国最大的少数民族聚集地~中
国56个少数名族中，就有52个少数民族生活在云南。
It is regarded as the origin of ethnic folk art and literature. It has rich
natural resources and is given a number of titles such as plant
kindom,animal kindom,kindom of non- ferrous metals
and 她被誉为少数民族风俗文化的起源地。云
南的自然资 源丰富，被赋予植物王国，动物王国，有色金属王
国和自然花园等美称。Kunming is called the
adverage temperature of 15 degrees Centigrade. It is not very cold in
winter or very hot in summer and flowers ,bloom all through the four
seasons in the city.其省会昆明享有春城之美誉。昆明冬天 不冷，
夏天不热，平均温度是15°C，一年四季鲜花盛开。
The Xishuangbanna Tropical Rain Forest and Dai Ethnic
Folklore Tour are essential while you are travelling in Yunnan. 西双版
纳热带雨林和傣族民俗风情是到云南旅游必不可少的项目。
Xishusngbanna lies in southern yunnan. In the thick forest on both
sides of the Lancang River live scores of ethnic groups including the
Dai, Hani and Jingpo. 西双版纳位于云南的南部，澜沧江两岸茂密
的 森林里生活着包括傣族，哈尼族和景颇族在内的众多少数民族。
The ancient folk customs and beautiful tropical landscape will give you
a new experience. 古朴的民俗风情和迷人的热带景色给人一种崭新
的体验。
It takes 50 minutes to fly from Kunming to Jinghong, capital of
Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous prefecture. 从昆明乘飞机到景洪~
西双版纳傣族自治州的首府，只需要50分钟。
In the Dai village, you can find two-story detached buildings primarily
made of bamboo and wood. The ground floor serves as barns and sties
for domestic animals; the upper floor is for people to live in. 在傣族的
村寨里你可以看到一种独立式的小竹楼，它以竹和木为主要材料，
分上下两层，下层为 畜圈和仓库，上层住人。In the Dai bamboo
buildings, which reflect the Dai characteristics, you can see that
bamboo is found everywhere: in bedrooms, balconies, doors and
windows and even floors are all made of bamboo.在傣族人的竹楼里，
卧室，阳台，门窗，甚至楼板处处用竹，体现了傣族的特色。 Here,
tour visitors can visit the local people's home freely. Whenever there
are visitors, the hospitable hosts will make a fire and serve their guest a
cup of hot tea. 在这里，游客可以随便到当地人家做客。只要有客人，
主人都会非常好客地生火，为客人烧水倒茶。
There are tropical fruit trees and flowers in every courtyard. You can
enjoy as much as you like the unique Dai Ethnic folklore.每个庭院里
都有热带果树和鲜花，游客可以尽情地领略这里独特的傣族风情。

2-7 Sydney悉尼

The city of Sydney is the oldest and largest city in Australia.
Sydney was founded in 1788 as a British prison colony with about
1500 prisoners and their guards; 悉尼是奥大利亚最大，最古老的城
市，建 立于1788年。当时，它只是英国犯人的聚居地，在那里大

概有1500名犯人和看守 。
Today it is home to more than 3.6 million people. It is a busy industrial
centre and tourist resort. 今天，这里已经是360万人的城市了。悉尼
是繁忙的工业中心和旅游胜地。

2-8 Venice威尼斯

The old seaport of Venice is one of the world's most beautiful
cities.
古老的港口威尼斯是世界上最美丽的城市之一。
Like several other Italian towns, it has many magnificent buildings
from the past. 就像意大利的其他小城一样，威尼斯有许多过去遗留
下来的漂亮的建筑物。
Venice was built on a group of small islands in a lagoon, which remains
flooded throughout the year. The main streets are canals, and the
traditional boat called a gondola is still a common form of transport.
威尼斯建在一个终年湖水充盈的咸水湖的几个小岛上，主要的街道
是运 河，主要的交通工具是一种狭长的平底船。

2-9 New York纽约

At the mouth of the Hudson River on the east coast of the United
States is New York City, the country's biggest city. It is also one of the
oldest.
纽约市位于美国东岸哈德孙河河口，是美国最大的城市，同时也是
历史最古老的城市。New York has founded in 1642 and is now an
urban area with 8 million people. 纽约建于1624年，目前拥有800
万人口。
The city is the financial heart of the nation and houses the offices of
many large companies and dozens of theatres, museums, and parks.
Skyscrapers more than 300 metres tall dominate the city centre,
Manhattan.纽约是美国的经济中心，这里有很多大公司办事处，还
有几十家戏院，博物馆， 公园等，其在市中心曼哈顿里，林立着
300多米高的摩天大楼。

2-10 Crater Lake 火山湖
Crater Lake National Park is Oregon's only national park and it
is one of the most accessible and breathtaking parks in the United
States. 火山湖国家公园是俄勒冈州唯一的国家公园，是美国一个最
令人叹为观止的公园。
The deep blue color of the lake's water almost seems unreal and it will
facinate you first time you lay eyes on it. 深蓝色的湖水如梦似幻，你
第一眼看到它的时候就会被它深深吸引。
Carter Lake is the deepest lake in the United States with the depth of
1932 feet. It was formed 7700 years ago from an eruption. 火山湖是
美国最深的湖，深1932英尺，由7,700年前的一次火山喷发而形
成的。A caldera was created from the volcano falling into itself; and
later from rain and snow melt it was filled with the bluest of blue water.
火山喷发后岩浆又落入火山口，形成破火山口; 后来，雨水和溶化
的雪水使火山口里涌满湛蓝无比的湖水。
So blue in fact, as one story goes, that many years ago the Kodak
Company used to send letters to its customers apologizing for its
inability to match the color exactly. 曾有这样一个故事来描述湖水的
蓝，很多年前， 柯达公司曾发信给它的客户，因其无法真实地再现
湖水的色彩而表示歉意。
It's hard to imagine that from such a violent eruption came one of the
most beautiful and tranquil settings in the United States. Crater Lake is
the best visited during the summer months and into the fall. 很难想
像，这样一次凶猛的火山喷发竟形成了美国最美丽宁静的一大自 然
景观。火山湖最佳的游览季节是夏季和初秋。From October to July,
a thick blanked of snow covers the park and encircles the lake. It's a
setting best for some of the best cross-country skiing in the natio n.从10
月到来年7月，厚厚的白雪覆盖了整个公园，环绕火山湖。对于越
野滑雪的人来说， 这是最佳的场地了。



English version for Techniques for Interpreting 英
1.
A. Border Tour in the Heihe River Area黑河地区的边境旅游
The city of Heihe in Heilongjiang Province, taking border
tourism as its pillar industry, in 1998 witnessed a remarkable grown in
the number of travelers, income and profits compared with the same
period of 1997. 位于黑龙江省的黑河市把边境旅游作为它的支柱产
业。1998年，无论是游客的数量，还是旅游收入和利润，都比1997
年同期有了显著的增长。
The number of visitors to the Heihe River increased to 118087 by the
end of last October, an increase of 10.6% over the same period of 1997.
到去年的10月份为止，到黑河旅游的游客增加到118,087人，比
19 97年同期增长了10.6%。
Heihe and Russia's Amur Region are only separated by the
river. 黑河和俄罗斯的阿穆尔地区仅一江之隔。
With the advantageous geological conditions, the Heihe government
has further expanded its opening, including border tourism.当地政府
利用这里的优越的地理环境，进一步扩大开放，包括开放边境旅游。
While improving its environment for economic development, the local
government has also attached importance to speeding up the
construction of tourist scenic spots .在改善环境以促进经济发展的同
时，当地政府还重视加快旅游景点建设的步伐。
As a result, its tourism is thriving with unique border characteristics
and a special national flavour, thus extending domestic and overseas
tourist routes.为此，黑河的旅游正以其独特的边境特点和特殊的民
族风格蓬 勃发展，为国内外游客增添了旅游路线。
Now, the city has built more than 40 good hotels and restaurants
to attract more tourists.目前，黑河已经建成了40座体面的旅店和餐
馆，以吸引更多的游客。

B. Guilin桂林

As a beautiful and historical famous world city, Guilin is

located in South China's Guanxi Zhuang Autonomous region. 风景优
美，历史悠久，世界闻名的桂林位于中国南部的广西壮族自治区。
Featuring Karst topography, it has long been renowned for having the
most beautiful scenery in China. 桂林以溶岩地形为主，因拥有中国
最迷人的山水而闻名。
It is endowed with scenery characterized by lovely hills, weridly
shaped peaks, winding rivers with limpid waters, grotesque rocks and
exotic caves.桂林的风景很有特色:秀丽的丘陵，险峻的山峰，蜿蜒
的小河，奇异的岩石和岩洞。
Tourism has become the pillar industry in the city. A
multi-functional and multi- level industrial structure and a tourist
receiving system have been formed.旅游业已成为这座城市的支 柱产
业，这里已形成了一个多功能，多层次的产业结构和旅游接待体系。
The city has 31 star hotels, including two five-star hotels, three
four-star hotels and 15 three- star hotels.桂林有31个星级酒店，其中
包括2个五星级，3个四星级和15个三星级酒店。
It has 18 international travel agencies and nearly 1000 interpreters in
20 foreign languag es.她还拥有18个国际旅行社，有大约1,000名口
译人员从事20多种语言的翻译。
The beauty of the city and the hospitality of its people have
drawn tens of millions of visitors from more than 100 countries and
regions during the past twenty years.在过去的20年里，这座风景美丽
的城 市和她热情好客的人民吸引了来自100多个国家的数千万游
客。

C. Marine Eco-Tour Booms in Guangdong广东海洋生态旅游迅速发
展
In recent years, marine ecological tourism has been rapidly
developed in coastal Guangdong Province. 最近，海洋生态旅游在地
处沿海的广东省迅速发展起来。It is expected to become a new
economic growth point at the beginning of the new century.预计这将
成为新世纪初经济的新增长点。
Statistics show that the Pearl River Delta, with a population of
more than 20 million, is the largest and most stable tourist market in
this regard.数据表明，拥有2000万人口的珠江三角洲将会成为这方
面最大，最稳定的旅游市场。 For example, Dong'ao Tourist
Comprehensive Development Zone, in the central part of Wanshan
Archipelago, covers an area of only 4.62 square km. However, the zone
was visited by 50000 travelers in the first nine month of 1998, earning
an income of 20 million yuan from the tourist industry.例如，位于万山
群岛中部的东澳岛旅游综合开发区，虽然仅占地4 .62平方公里，
但在1998年的头9个月已经接待了5万游客，仅旅游业就创收2000
万 元。
The booming marine eco-tourism has changed the lives of the
local fishing community, who look upon the new industry as one way
out of poverty.迅速发展的海洋生态旅游业改变了当地渔民的生活，
他们把这种新的工业看做可以摆脱贫困的办法。

Unit 3
3-1 Reduction of summer grain output by over 10 million tons 英
夏粮减产逾千万吨
The latest statistics from the state statistics bureau shows that
summer grain output of 2000 will decrease by 11 million tons from that
of 1999. 据国家统计局的最新统计，2000年夏粮比1999年减产
1,100万吨。
This yield reduction is a result of decreased growing acreage and
differs in nature from those caused by natural disasters. 这一减产主要
是播种面积减少造成的。
The yield reduction is voluntary readjustment in the face of
transformed supply and demand in the grain market.它与以往由于自
然灾害引起的减产有本质不同，这是在粮食 供求关系发生重大变化
后，面对市场的主动调整。
Structurally, growing area for grain crops sees the greatest
reduction, cotton-growing area remains at the same level as 1999, and
sugar-bearing crops growing area continues to decrease while growing
acreage for oil-bearing crops and fruits incre ases.从种植业结构来看，
粮食种植面积调整幅度较大，棉花与1999年基本持平，糖料面积继续调减，油料，蔬菜等作物的面积增加。
In 2000, the land available for growing grain crops is expected
to decrease by 50 million mu. 预计2000年全国粮食播种面积将减少
5000万亩。
However, land for growing fine varieties of crops will increase.
Sixty-nine million mu goes to fine wheat, two times the 1999 figure
and 20% of the total land area for wheat. 虽然种粮面积减少，但优质
粮面积却增加了，优质专用小 麦种植面积达到6900万亩，占小麦
总面积的20%，比1999年扩大两倍;
Fifty million mu goes to fine early-maturing rice, which is 50% of the
total land area for early rice.优质早稻5000万亩，占早稻总面积的
50%。
In terms of geographical distribution, half of the reduction is in
the eastern part of China, meaning production of major crops begins to
concentrate in advantageous regions. 从区域结构来看，东部地区调
整占一半，西部地区少一些，主要农作物开始向优势生产区集中。
After readjustment, wheat growing area in Hebei, Shandong, Henan,
shanxi and Shaanxi, which are the major producers of wheat in china,
will take up 51.3% of the country's total wheat growing land, compared
with 49% in the year 1999.经过调整，预计小麦主产区冀，鲁，豫，
晋，陕五省的小麦面积在全国所占比例将 由1999年的49%上升到
51.3%。

3-2 Concern about grain output reduction对粮食减产的担心 英
People are concerned about such a decrease of grain crops
growing area, because the 50 million mu reduction in 2000 is already
on the basis of a decrease of 9.4 million mu in 1999, with the total
grain crops growing area down to 1.65 billion mu all over the country.
粮食播种面积在1999年减少940万亩的基 础上，2000年又调减
5000万亩，使得全国粮食作物总面积下调至16.5亿亩。There has
never been such a great acreage decrease historically and people are
worried because this reduction hits the alarming mark that is needed to
ensure food supply.从历史上看，这么大的调整力度是没有 过的，而

这个指标一直被认为是保障粮食供应的警戒线，因此引发了一些人
的担 心。
Experts from the Ministry of Agriculture asked people not to
worry too much. 农业部专家指出，对此不必过于担心。
On one hand, with steady increase in unit yield and weakening
dependence on unprocessed food grains as a result of a different diet in
rural and urban areas, data based on past experience may not be reliable.
一方面，随着粮食单产的不断提高，城乡膳食结构的变化带来对原
粮消费 依赖性的减弱，过去的经验数据已不一定可靠;
On the other hand, analysis should not be confined to quantity only.
Instead, different situations in different regions should be taken into
consideration. A greater reduction of acreage in non-production zone
should be considered normal.另一方面，也不能光看总量， 应根据区
域具体情况分析，比如非生产区调减多一些是正常的。

3-3 Action needed against aridity 行动起来对付干旱
China has a pressing need to develop agriculture which uses
water efficiently in a bid to ensure security of food supplies and
alleviate poverty in its vast arid areas, a senior Ministry of Agriculture
official said. 农业部一位高级官员说，为保证广大 干旱地区的粮食
供应和消灭贫穷，中国迫切需要发展有效利用水资源的农业。
of the country's arable land is afflicted by a water
shortage. Some 43 percent of China's population lives in arid regions,
Vice-Minister said. 这位农业部副部长表示，我国一半的可耕地面
临着水资源短缺的问题。大约43%的人口居 住在干旱地区。
Nationwide, droughts reduce grain output by 3-million tons a
year.
从全国范围来看，每年由于干旱，导致粮食产量减少300万
吨。
production is expected to remain at about 500 million
tons at the end of the century and reach 800 million tons in the next 30
years. Arid farm land will play a crucial role in increasing future
output.预计到20世纪末粮食产量将保持在5亿吨的水 平，往后
30年将达到8亿吨。干旱的农田对提高将来的粮食产量具有至关
重要的作用。
The arid regions, mostly located in the north of the country,
have vast land resources and abundant sunshine. 干旱地区集中在我
国北方，拥有广阔的土地资源以及充足的阳光。
Statistics from Ministry of Agriculture indicate that per capita farm
land and forests in the 16 northern provinces and regions are
respectively 1.34 and 1.15 times the country's average. 根据农业部的
统计数字，北方16省的人均农田和森林分别是全国平均水平的1.3 4
倍和1.15倍。Arid land in these areas produces 46 percent of the
country's grain, 61 percent of cotton, 72 percent of soybeans, and 46
percent of edible oil products.全国46%的粮食，61%的棉花，72%的
大豆以 及46%的食用油由这些干旱地区生产。
But these regions still practice extensive agriculture, with unit
yield far below the country's average, which is partly attributable to
lack of water.但是这些地区 实行的仍然是粗放经营，单产远远低于
全国平均水平，这部分是由缺水引起的。

were equipped with water-saving agricultural technology, and their unit
yields reached the national average, they could produce 20 million tons
more grain than now, going a long way towards resolving their food
problems, 副部长表示，假 如山西和陕西两省三
分之二的农田拥有节水技术，单产达到全国平均水平，那么粮食产
量将比现 在增加两千万吨，这对于解决那里的粮食问题将是迈进了
一大步。
Poverty always goes hand in hand with aridity and other
difficult natural conditions and this has made it all the more important
to develop agriculture in these regions which uses water effi ciently.贫
穷总是伴随着干旱等艰难的自然条件，这就使得在干旱地区发展有
效用水的 农业特别重要。

3-4 Agrochemicals draw attention 农业化学制品受关注
The first China International Agrochemical Exhibition will be
held at the China Agriculture Exhibition Hall in Beijing November 2-5.
中国首届国际农化制品展将于11月2~5日在北京中国农业展览馆
举行。
The event will show the industry's determination to increase
competitiveness through international co- operation.展览会将显示我国
农化业通过国际合作增强自身竞争力德决心。
The agrochemical products on display will include pesticide,
herbicide, fertilizers, plastic films, biotechnologies for agricultural use,
feed additives, rubber products and chemical building materials.参展的
农化产品包括杀虫剂，除草剂，化肥，塑料薄膜，农用 生物技术，
饲料添加剂，橡胶制品以及化学建材。
Currently, China has the capacity to produce 750000 tons of
perticide and herbicide a year, with an actual output averaging 400000
tons a year, ranking the second largest in the world.目前，中国杀虫剂
和除草剂的年 生产能力为75万吨，实际年均产量为40万吨，居世
界第二位。
About 95 percent of pesticides and herbicides have proven to be
highly efficient products with little chemical remains in plants when
put into practical use. 约95%的杀虫剂和除草剂经证实十分有效，残
留量微乎其微。
In 1998, more than 100000 tons were exported, earning US
$$ 320 million in foreign exchange. Exports have exceeded imports for
the past five years. 1998年，中国出口十多万吨杀虫剂和除草剂，创
汇32,000万美元。过去5年出口量一直超过进 口量。
However, China still lags behind developed nations in terms of
product varieties, production technology and expertise, as well as
investment in research and development.然而，中国在产品种类，生
产技术以及研发投入等方面仍然落后于发达国家。
Fertilizers will become the main item on display at the
exhibition. 化肥将成为展览会会上的主要展品。 According to a
report from the Ministry of Agriculture, the ratio of contribution of
fertilizers to yield increase has amounted to 40 percent.根据农业部的
一份报告，化肥对产量提高的贡献率已达到40%。
Currently, China is self-sufficient in nitrogen supply, but still

falls short of demand for phosphate and potash fertilizers.目前，我国氮
的供应可自给自足，但磷肥和钾碱仍供不应求。
Analysts say that if China joins the World Trade Organization,
the domestic fertilizer industry will suffer tough competition from
foreign counterparts since the costs of their fertilizers are much lower
than those in China.分析家们认为，假如中国 加入世贸，国内化肥业
将面临国外同行的激烈竞争，因为国际化肥的成本低得多。

up, the fertilizer industry, like other chemical sectors, will be greatly
affected,一位业 内人士指出，若取消配额，
降低关税，打开市场，国内化肥业将和其他化学部门一样遭受严重
的 冲击。
Over the past few years, China has invested significantly in
fertilizer projects to support development of agriculture. 过去几年，中
国政府大力投资于化肥项目以扶持农业发展。
However, a decline in farmers' income, the price war between domestic
enterprises, and an influx of imports have squeezed the profit margins
of the fertilizer producers, thereby exacerbating the burdens on these
projects to repay loans.然而，随着 农民收入的下降，国内企业之间
的价格战，以及进口货的大量涌入，大大减少了化肥生产厂家的利
润，从而加重了这些项目偿还贷款的负担。

Unit 4
4-1 英
Since the restoration of its rightful status in international sports
organizations in the late 70s and early 80s, China has taken an active
part in their competitions, including the last five World Cup editions
organized by the Federation International de Football Association
(FIFA). 自从中国在70年代末，80年代初恢复了在国际体育组织
中的合法地位后，中国非常积极地投身于各种竞赛，包括参加了国
际足联组积的前五届世界杯锦 标赛。
But on all occasions it was knocked out in the zonal preliminaries and
failed to the final stage.但每一次都在分区预赛中就被淘汰，总是没
有机会参加决赛。
Over the past two decades or so, the Chinese sport circles have
raised the inspiring slogan out of Asia and march into the
world!大概是二十多年前，中国体育界提出了很有感召力的口号:
冲出亚洲，走向世界！
In some sports, such as table tennis, weightlifting and fancy diving,
China has reached the continental and world levels.在一些体育 项目
里，比如乒乓球，举重和花样跳水，中国确实达到了欧洲乃至世界
水平。
But the picture is quite different in the world's NO.1 sport
football, also known as soccer. (To be exact, here we mean the men's
soccer, not women's soccer in which China is fairly strong, placing
second at the Atlanta Olympics.)但在世界头号 运动~足球方面，中国
的情形就大不一样了（准确来讲，这里指的是男子足球，而不是女
子足球 。中国的女子足球还是比较强大的，曾在亚特兰大奥运会中
获得亚军。）
It will take us a long time to fill the gaps between China and the
world's soccer powers. 我们需要很长时间的努力才能缩短和世界足
球强国之间的差距。To achieve this, first of all, our players must
improve their individual skills in all the technical movements-- such as
dribbling, passing and shooting.要达到这个目 标，首先，我们的运动
员们必须提高各自的基本技巧，比如带球，传球，射门等。
In the second place, they must improve their tactical
cooperation. 其次，运动员们必须改进他们在战术上的合作。
This is particularly necessary for a national team with its members
coming from different clubs and playing different styles. The 11
individuals must knit into an organic whole. 这 种合作对于由来自不
同俱乐部，风格各异的成员组成的国家队尤为重要。球队里的11
位成员必 须抱成一团，形成有机的整体。
Whatever style a team plays, as has been proved by the world cup
games, there must be good balance between attack and defense, and it
is wrong to overemphasize one to the neglect of the other in actual
fighting.历届世界杯比 赛证明，不管足球队的风格怎样，他们的进
攻和防守都能达到一定的平衡，过分强调一方面而忽略另一方 面都
是错误的。
Our players must improve their psychological training. 中国队
员还必须加强他们的心理素质训练。They must build a strong desire
to win and confidence in victory, trying to catch up when falling behind
and never letting up when running against all the odds. 他们必须具有
强烈的求生欲望，坚定必胜的信念，落后时要努力追赶，碰到与对
手 的实力有悬殊时不要气馁。
Our national team has almost always lost to South Korea mainly
because of its deep-rooted 我们国家队几乎
每次都是因为恐南韩症而输给南韩的。A player will never be able
to conquer his opponents if he fails to conquer himself, or his own
mental barriers.一个运动员如果不能战胜自己，战胜自己的心理障
碍，就不可能战胜对手。

4-2
Professional American football in the United States is almost
wholly played by the native-born American citizens, mostly very large
and very strong, many of them black.从事美式职业足球的运动员几
乎都是土生土长的美国人。他们通常身高体壮，多数为黑人。
It is a game of physical strength. Linemen routinely weigh
more than 300 pounds. Players are valued for their weight and muscles,
for how fast they can run, and how hard they can hit each other.这种运
动是体力的较量。锋线球员体重通常超过300磅。运 动员被看中的
是体重和肌肉，是奔跑速度和冲撞能力。
Baseball was once American's favorite game, but has lost that
claim to basketball.棒球曾经是美国最受欢迎的运动项目，但现已让
位篮球。
In baseball, agility, quickness, perfect vision and quick reaction are
more important than pure strength. 对于棒球，敏捷，速度，良好的
视力和快速的反应比单纯的力量更重要。Baseball was once a purely
American game, but has spread around much of the New World.棒球曾
经是纯美国式运动，但现已传遍美洲大陆大部分地区。
Soccer, which many countries just call football, is the most

widely enjoyed sport in the world. 英式足球（许多国家就称之为足
球）是世界上最受欢迎的体育项目。
More than 20 million people in 140 nations play the game. It requires
stamina more than strength. 在140个国家里有2000万人从事这项运
动。Unlike American football and baseball, where long pauses are built
into the game, soccer requires almost constant motion.这 项运动需要
的是耐力，而不仅是力量，英式足球不像美式足球和棒球那样有长
时间的暂停，它需 要几乎不停地跑动。It requires little else: one ball,
two goals and a field with boundaries. 它没有什么其他要求: 一个
球，两个球门，一块划上边界的场地足矣。Despite its worldwide
appeal and easy access, however, it has been slow to catch on in the
United States.尽管英式足球风靡全球，简单易行，但在美国却流行
很慢。

4-3 英
More Chinese people than ever are enjoying a fashionable
sporting lifestyle.越来越多的中国人开始享受一种时尚的运动型生
活方式。
They are spending their spare time doing keep-fit exercises in the
once-not-so-familiar gymnasiums and stadiums around the country. 人
们开始花时间到以前不经常去的健身中心或体育场去做健美操。
With the ever rising living standards, their quest is to keep themselves
fit and beautiful. 随着生活水平的不断提高，人们也要求保持健美。
The trend has created a need for more space in gymnasiums and
stadiums throughout the country.在这种趋势下，国家需要开放更多的
健身场所和体育馆。
Statistic released by the China National Sports Commission
shows there are 615,693 arenas around the country, occupying 780
million metres.
中国国家体委公布的数据表明，全国现在大约有615,693个健身场
所， 占地面积共7.8亿平方米。
It means that each person in China has 0.65 square metres of sporting
space.这意味着，在中国每人平均有0.65平方米的运动场地。
But figures from 1995 show that only 6000 stadiums were regularly
open to the public .Many of them were left unused or were occupied
for other purposes, such as furniture showrooms.而1995年 数据表明，
当时只有6,000个体育馆定期向公众开放，其中有不少体育馆闲置
着，或者用于 其他用途，如用做家具展厅等。
But things have been changing since China launched its
National Fitness Programme in 1995, which encourages people
nationwide to exercise improve their physique. 但是，自从中国在
1995年开始了全民健身运动以来，情况就改变了。全民健身运动
鼓励全民 锻炼身体，提高体质。
The National Sport Commission released a circular in May 1996
requiring all gymnasiums and stadiums in the country to open to the
public as soon as possible. 国家体委于1996年5月公布了一项通告，
要求全国的所有健身房和体育馆都尽快向公众开放。
The Commission says it wants to see more sports facilities utilized,
with more space made available for ordinary people. 希望有更多的运
动设施能投入使用，有更大的空间供普通老百姓活动。

4-4
A high-calibre gymnastics coach came to china from Russia to
help Chinese Gymnasts. Following is a brief account of his experience
in China.一位很有能力的俄罗斯体操教练来到中国，帮助中国体操
运动员。下面他简 单地介绍了他在中国的一些经历。

for myself in this country. In recent years, China has made tremendous
progress in its economy.由于我在中国工作，所以我能亲眼目睹这
个国家发生的一些事情。The people are well-fed and well-clothed. In
particular, I'm impressed by the great variety of foods available in the
market, most of which are cheap and home-produced. 人们吃得好，穿
得好。特 别就给我深刻印象的是，市场上食物品种丰富，大多都是
本地产的，而且价格公道。Of course, there are also problems which
remain to be solved.当然，还存在一些问题有待解决。
But China is not a country going from one extreme to the other. Rather,
she keeps to her own way tackling problems with determination. 但是
中国不是一个走极端的国家;相反，它有自己一套解决问题的方法
和决心。
That's why I have great respect and admiration for this country and her
people.这就是我敬佩这个国家和它的人民的原因。
After coming to China, I was surprised to find the excellent
training facilities which most Russian gymnasts would envy. 我到了
中国后，非常吃惊地发现，这里 拥有非常先进的训练设备，对此大
多数的俄罗斯体操运动员都会羡慕的。As one of the four sports
powers in the world today, China has successfully learnt from the
of the former Soviet Union,while making innovations
suited to her domestics condition. 作为当今世界上四大体育强国之
一的中国 ，已经成功地学习了前苏联的经验，同时还有所创新以适
应它的国情。The Chinese Government provides all the neccessary
facilities for training and competitions, thereby enabling talented
youngsters to receive systematic training and make steady progress. 中
国政府为训练和比赛提供了一切必需的设备，从而确保那些有天赋
的青 少年接受系统的训练，使他们稳步提高。All these plus the
expertise and experience gained from their foreign counterparts, I
believe , contribute to China's tremendous success in sports.所有的这
些，加上从 国外同行那里学到的先进技术和经验，使中国体育取得
巨大的成就。
During my stay in China, I taught gymnastics in two different
provinces one after the other.我在中国期间，曾先后在两个省执教。
Working in the bright and spacious gyms with a group of diligent and
smart girls, I was always in a very merry mood. 在宽敞，明亮的体操
馆内，和一队刻苦，聪明的女孩子一起训练，我的心情非常愉快。
Moreover, I had the respect of my Chinese about the rules I made,
however strict they we re.而且，我尊敬我的中国同事，我的队员们严
格地执行我的指令，不管我定的规则有多严格，她们都 毫无怨言。
For example, when I requested that they pay attention to their diet, they
would follow my advice and would not even take an extra drop of
water.比如，我要求她们注意节食，她们听从了我的意见，甚至不
会多喝一滴水。

I was deeply impressed by such highly disciplined teams.她们高度的
纪律性给我留下了深刻的印象。

4-5 Dialogue Interpreting

Situation: Practicing Chinese martial arts require a lot of
efforts. You must be able to stand as straight as a pine tree, sit as
squarely as a stone, and move as swiftly as a gust of wind. 练习中国
武术是需要付出很多努力的。你必须能做到站如松，坐如钟，行如
风。
It doesn't sound easy, does it? But some people are just determined to
try. A few of them are foreigners. 这听上去并不容易，是吗？但是仍
有人决心尝试，其中一些是外国人。
One of these enthusiasts is Mr. Derrick Copp from the U.S., who is
even setting up a martial arts school in Beijing. He talked with the
reporter about his understanding of and experiences with Chinese
martial arts.来自美国的德雷克 .科普先生便是这样一位热心者。他甚
至在美国创办了一所武术学校。下面他向记者谈起他对中国武术的
理解和体验。

TW:How do you come up with the idea of practicing Chinese martial
arts?
您怎么想到要练中国武术的呢？
Derrick: Actually, I've exercised all my life. When I was a child, I did
some ballet. I did some gymnastics. And I used to like swimming. So
when I am studying Chinese, I decided that I would need some sort of
exercise. So I thought, well, since I was in China, I might just do some
typical Chinese thing. While at the same time, learn Chinese and
Chinese culture. 其实我一直都在运动。小时候，我跳芭蕾。我练过
体操， 游泳。因此，当我在中国学习的时候，我应该学一种运动，
我想，既然我在中国，那就应该学点中国典型 的东西。同时，了解
中国，学习中国的文化。

TW: You must have encountered a lot of people who are also practicing
Chinese martial arts?您一定遇见过许多也练武术的人？
Derrick: Right. I've met people practicing martial arts at all levels. I've
met people who have, I would say, very shallow understanding of
Chinese martial arts. And also I've met people who have deep
understanding of Chinese martial arts.没错，我遇到了各 个层次的练
武术的中国人。应该说，我遇到一些对武术理解很肤浅的人，同时
也遇到一些对武术 理解很深刻的人。

TW: Why would you use the world 您为什么用肤浅这个词
呢？
Derrick: I think the underlying meaning of the Chinese martial arts is
very mental. It has to do with mental state. 我认为武术的根本内涵是
精神上的。它与人的精神状态很有关系。
A lot of people teach martial arts only as a physical movement. You do
this move. You do that move. You hit a person here, you hit a person
there. 很多人只是把武术当作身体动作来教，你做这个动作，你做
那个动作。
But I think the more you study Chinese martial arts, you begin to
understand that there is more of mental state. 但我想，你研究中国武
术越深，你就会明白，武术含有精神上的因素。
How to improve your mental state. How to make yourself happier.
How to deal with the world around you. 比如，怎样使自己更快乐，
怎样应付你周围的客观坏境。I think a lot of the internal styles are
addressing this tyle of thing. That's why I say 我
认为内在的东西都涉及到这一点，所以我说肤浅和深刻。

TW: You said just now that the Chinese martial arts have certain things
that can help people happier.您刚才说可以帮助人们变得更加快乐。
Derrick: A lot of internal styles are based on meditation. A lot of the
Chinese philosophies, I think, are based on meditation, like Taoism,
Buddhism, and some of the martial arts. 很多内在的东西是以默想为
基础的。很多中国的哲学体系 都基于默想，如道教，佛教，还有一
些武术等。
I think they are all trying to reach this goal of happiness. When martial
arts address these goals, they make the objective of these goals better
fitted for a peoson. 我想它们都是要达到快乐这一目标的。而武术使
这些目标更适合每一个人。I think just physical exercise doesn't
necessarily make you happy. When doing taijiquan, it makes me calmer,
especially in C hina.我想，单纯的体育运动不一定能带给你快乐。当
我打太极拳的时候，我感觉特别宁静，安详， 特别是在中国。

TW: Why especially in china?为什么特别在中国？
Derrick: There are so many things in China that exerts a lot of pressure
on you. And China is a developing country. So there are just some
difficulties that come along with a developing country.因为在中国有
很多事情会影响到 你。中国是一个发展中国家，存在许多发展中国
家所特有的问题。

TW: Are there many Chinese martial arts clubs back in the States?
在美国有很多中国武术俱乐部吗？
Derrick: A lot, actually. There are a lot of martial arts clubs from other
countries too, Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, Brazil, not as many
and it should be, but they are growing. 有很多，其实还有很多别国的
俱乐部，如日本的，南韩的，菲律宾的，巴西的等等，这还不够多，
但已经在不断增加了。
There is a large amateur following now. And they've begun a
professional competition going. So it's growing. 有大量业余爱好者在
学，不少已经朝着参加专业比赛的方向发展。
According to statistics, one every ten Americans has studied or is
studying a martial arts. So that's a huge market. 110 of the
population.根据一些统计，每10个美国人中就 有1个已经或正在学
武术。中国武术市场很大，占了美国十分之一的人口。

TW:From your point of view, why do they go to martial arts school to
study?
在您看来，他们为什么要上武术学校去学习？

Derrick: Americans have a lot of leisure time. I think that martial arts is
reaching more than a goal. They help to keep fit, healthy, and to learn
about self- defense and about another culture.美国人有很多空闲时间，
而 且我想练武术的目的也不是单一的。武术可以帮助我们保持身
材，保持健康，教会我们自卫，同时还可以 帮助我们了解另一种文
化。

TW: Derrick, I'm sure you will keep up practicing Chinese martial arts.
德雷克，我相信您会继续练中国武术的。
Derrick: Oh, definitely, definitey. Martial arts is something you have to
keep on studying through out your entire life. It's unlimited.当然，武术
是无限量的，一辈子都应该坚持。

TW: Well, good luck. 那，祝您好运。
Derrick: Thank you.

Exercises for Techniques for Interpreting
1.A
China Cup National Horse Racing Open Tournament is
scheduled to be held at the Guangzhou Racecourse.中国杯速度塞马
公开塞将在广州赛马场举行。
The participating horses will be divided into two groups ~
Chinese horses and thoroughbrebs, with the former competing in the
1000m, 1300m, 1800m and 3000m races and the latter in the 1000m
and 1800m events, and all of them will first take part in the prelims
before competing in the finals. 参赛马分国产马和纯种马两个组。国
产马分别编班参加1000米，1300 米，1800米和3000米预赛，根
据预赛计时成绩，获得前十二名的马匹有资格参加决赛。纯种马进
行1000米，1800米预赛和决赛。
Rewards in cash will be given to the first three racers in each event. 各
单项决赛的冠，亚，季军获得不同数额的奖金。
The purpose is to use the money to improve the quality of the horses
and to introduce fine studhorses.颁发奖金的目的旨在促进各队对马
匹的改良和引进优良种马。
By comparision , dope tests for horses are even more
complicated.
马匹兴奋剂的检查比人还要复杂。
Whereas there are nearly 200 kinds of forbidden drugs for human
athletes according to the figures published by the authorities concerned,
the number is well over 300 for horses. 人的违禁药品目前有关部门
公布的有近200种，而马却多达300多种。
At present, only the testing centre in Britain has the equipment to test
the blood samples of horses, but such equipment is so expensive that
China cannot affort it. 而且目前只有英国的马匹检测中心才拥有这
种血检设备，其价格昂贵。Nevertheless, horses experts can tell
whether a horse has used any drug or not through a scrutiny of its eyes,
tongue and sweat. 虽然我国还不具备这套血检仪器，但有关的马匹< br>专家还是能通过察言观色，从马的眼睛，舌头，出汗情况来判断
马匹是否服用了违禁药品。
Horse racing, whose history dates back to the ancient times, is a
traditional and popular sport among the minority nationalities in China.
速度赛马在中国是一项历史悠久的传统民族体育项目，其竞技性，
观赏性和民族 性深受广大群众尤其是少数民族的喜爱。早在远古时
期就有赛马活动记载。
Modern horse racing, it is reported, was introduced into China in the
1860s.
中国人引入现代赛马运动始于19世纪60年代。
Since the founding of new China in 1949, great attention has been paid
by the departments concerned to promoting equestrian sports, and rapid
progress has been made in recent years. 新中国成立后，马术和速度
赛马作为体育运动项目得到国家的高度重视，得到了较快发展。
With the development of China's economy, many clubs and racecourses
have been set up in various parts of the country, thereby providing
favourable conditions for the promotion of this sport.近年来，随着经
济建设的不断发展，各地区兴建了不同规模的马场和俱乐部，为 中
国开展速度赛马运动创造了更加优越的条件。

B.
At the invitation of the Chinese football Association, Adidas
organized a five-day Wiel Coerver Coaching in the coastal city of
Qinhuangdao last September-the third of its kind ever held in china.由
中国足球协会邀请，阿迪达斯公司于今年9月在 我国秦皇岛举行了
第三届为期5天的阿迪达斯-科化训练班。
Invited by the famous Dutch coach Wiel Coerever in the 70s,
this training class has made remarkable achievements for juvenile
soccer players in many countries in promoting their technical and
tactical standards on the basis of all-out training.训练班由荷兰教练
Weil Coerver于70年代首创，强调经过全面训练， 提高整个球队的
技术，战术水平，在许多国家培养青少年足球运动员方面收到了良
好的效果。
During the past two decades or so, Adidas has given full
support to China in the development of soccer among the children,
providing them with chances for training and competiton. 近20年来，
阿迪达斯公司大力支持中国足球运动的发展，为中国青少年球员 提
供了训练和比赛机会。
In the Adidas Football Park held in paris during the 98 world cup, china
took park in the competiton and placed fifth. 1998年世界杯期间，在
巴黎举办了阿迪达斯Football Park青少年足球比赛，中国获得第
五名。
Adidas will sponsor
event to advance soccer throughout the world.明 年阿迪达斯将继续组
积青少年足球比赛，设男子组，女子组，为小球迷提供更多
的锻炼机会。

2.
A. Saint-Denis: The Grand Stadium圣丹尼斯体育场
The State de France can only be described in superlatives: the
biggest multifunction Olympic-sized stadium in the world; the biggest
worksite in France; and the one that has the most media attention. 这
座法兰西体育场只能用 最字来描绘:它是世界上最大的多功能的

奥林匹克体育场，是法国最大的建筑工地，它也 得到了媒体最大的
关注。
From May 11995 when building work started, the site, due for
completion in November 1997, has never failed to astonish its visitors.
从1995年5月1日开始建设，到1997年11月完工，它一直都令
来参观的人感到惊讶。
It has to be said that over and above its technical achievements, the
stadium is impressive for many other reasons!据说这座体育场之所以
令人瞩目，除了它技术上的成就之外，还有其他一些原因。
Thanks to its variable capacity, its unparalleled comfort, and the
exceptional quality of its installations, the State de France can host a
wide variety of events ranging from football and rugby matches to
shows on a grand scale, as well as athletics competitions. 由于它的可
变的容量，无可比拟的舒适以及优质的设施，这座法兰西体育场可
以举行从足球，橄榄球比赛到大规模 的表演等多种多样的活动，当
然还有田径比赛。
The ability to vary its capacity is one of the state de France's chief
assets.
能改变容量是法兰西体育场的一个主要优点。
The circle of mobile stands closest to the sports area, and which
contains 25000 seats, is an amazing technical achievement, for never
before has flexibility on this scale been attempted. 离比赛场地最近的
活动看台拥有25,000个座位，这是一个令人惊讶的技术 成就。因
为如此规模的活动装置是前所未有的。The stands, when set in a
configuration 15 meters back from the running tracks and jumping pits,
provides 21000 seats, giving spectators maximum visibility. 这个看台
被放置在 离跑道和跳坑15米之外的一个装置上，可以提供21,000
个座位，并为观众提供最佳的观赏效果。
The middle stand has a capacity of 30000 and the upper stand 25000.
中间的看台拥有30,000个座位，上层看台拥有25,000个座位。
In addition, the stadium ground itself can accommodate 25000,
bringing the maximum capacity for large-scale shows to 105000.另外，
体育 场内地面上可以容纳25,000人。因此遇到大型表演时，体育
场最多能容纳105,000人。

B. FIFA & World Cup国际足联和世界杯
The Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)
was set up in 1904 when the game had spread across the continent of
Europe to the point at which international organization was
needed.1904年，足球在欧洲大陆风靡一时，急需成立统一的国际
组积。于是，国际足球联合 会应运而生，简称国际足联。
The first competition for the cup was organized in 1930 by
FIFA and was won by Uruguay.国际足联组积的首届世界杯比赛是在
1930年，当时乌拉圭人喜摘桂冠。
Held every four years since that time, except during World War II, the
competition consist of international sectional tournaments, leading to a
final elimination event made up of 16 national teams. (From 1988, the
number of teams rises to 32). 从此，除了二次世界大战期间，世界杯
每四年举行一次。整 个比赛包括国际区际比赛，以及由16支球队
参加的比赛（从1988年起，参赛队伍升至32支。）
Unlike Olympic association football, world Cup teams are not limited
to amateur players, and so the competition serves more nearly as a
contest between the world's best players. 与奥林匹 克足球赛不同的
是，世界杯参赛队不受必须为业余球队这一条款所限，所以，这
项赛事几乎可以 被视为世界顶尖高手间的较量。
Referees are selected from lists that are submitted by all the national
associations.世界杯的裁判员则从各个国家的足协报名单中挑选。

Unit 5

5-1 英
China implements a family planning policy with the aim of
promoting its social and economic development, raising the people's
living standards, improving the quality of life of its population and
safeguarding the people's rights to enjoy a better life.中国实行计划生
育政策，目的是促进 社会，经济的发展，提高人民生活水平，改善
人口质量，维护人民享有更加美好生活的权利。
In order to guarantee its people's minimum living conditions
and enable citizens to become better off, the only correct choice that
China can make is to strive for economic growth and adjust its
population growth to the country's social and economic development.
为了保证人们起码的生活条件， 使公民富裕起来，中国唯一正确的
选择就是努力发展经济，调整人口增长，以适应国家，社会和经济的发展。
In the view of China's situation, the Chinese government has
formulated a population policy of controlling the size and raising the
quality of the population and a family planning policy of late marriage
and childbirth, having fewer but healthier babies, and one child per
family. 根据 中国的实际情况，中国政府制定了控制数量，提高质
量的人口政策和晚婚晚育，少生优生，每家一个孩子 的计划生育政
策。
Shorthanded rural families with financial difficulties may have a
second child after an interval of 3 or over 3 years.农村缺乏劳动力的
困难户可以生第二胎，两胎间隔要在3或3年以上。
The family planning programme puts constraction first. The
government forbids any form of forced abortion, and induced abortion
is performed only as remely for contraception. 计划生育以避 孕为主。
政府禁止以任何形式强迫流产，只有在避孕失败时才采用人工流产
作为补救措施。
It is universally acknowledged that China has achieved tremendous
successes in family planning.中国计划生育取得了巨大的成就，这是
世界公认的。
When carrying out its family planning policy, the government
has always given priority to publicity and education to make people
realize that birth control, as a fundemental policy, has a direct bearing
on the country's prosperity and people's happy family life.中国在执行
计划生育政策的时候，政府始终 把宣传教育放在首位，使人们认识
到计划生育这一基本国策直接关系到国家的繁荣和人们的家庭幸
福。At the same time, the government has adopted some necessary
economic and administrative measures as supplementary means.同时，

政府也采取一些必要的经济和行政措施作为辅助手段。

5-2 An Urgent Problem Waiting for a Solution一个亟待解决的问题
A very important world problem~in fact, I am inclined to say
it is the most important of all the great world problems which face us at
the present time~is the rapidly increasing pressure of population on
land and on land resourse.一个非常重要的全球问题~实际上，我要说< br>这是当前我们面临的全球重大问题中最重要的问题~迅速增长的人
口对土地资源的压力。
It is not so much the actual population of the world but its rate
of increase which is important. 关键不在于现实人口之多，重要的是
人口增长率。
It works out to be about 1.6 percent in each year's net increase. In terms
of numbers this means something like ninety million additional people
every year.据计算，每年净增长大约1.6%;用具体数字表示，就是每
年增加约 90,000,000人。
Canada has a population of twenty-seven million~rather less
than four months' climb in the world population. 加拿大有2700万人
口~不到世界人口4个月的增长数。Take Australia. There are
seventeen million people in Australia. So, it takes the world less than
three months to add to itself a population which lives in that large
country. 拿澳大利亚来说，它有人 口1700万，因此要不了3个月
世界人口的增长量就达到了生活在这么一个辽阔国土上的人口。
Let us take our own crowded country -England and Wales: fifty-six
million people ~ just about seven months' supply.让我们看看自己这
个拥挤的国家~英格兰和威尔士有人口 5600万~只不过大约是世界
人口7个月的增长量。
By this time tomorrow, and every day, there will be added to
the earth about 240000 extra people.明日此时，地球上要新添24万
人，而且天天如此。
I am not taking about birth rate. This is net increase. 我不是
在谈出生率，而是在谈净增数。To give you some idea of birth rate,
look at the second hand of your watch. Every second about five babies
are born somewhere in the world. Another baby! Another baby! You
cannot speak quickly to keep pace with the birth rate. 为了向你提供
关于出生率的概念，请看着你手表上的秒针 ，每秒钟世界上大约有
5个婴儿出生，又一个婴儿，又一个，又一个，你数的速度还赶不
上出生 率呢。
This enormous increase of population will create immense
problems.
人口剧增会带来大问题。By AD 2000, unless something unexpected
happens, there will be as many as 6100000000 people on the surface of
this earth! 到公元2000年，如不发生意外，世界人口将多达61亿！
So this is a problem which you are going to see in your lifetime.所以这
是一个在你有生之年就看得到的问题。
Why is this enormous increase in population taking place?为什
么会发生人口剧增呢？It is really due to the spread of the knowledge
and the practice of what is coming to be called Death Control. 这实际
上是由于知识的普及和实行了所谓的死亡控制。You have heard of
Birth Control? Death control is something different. 你听说过节制生
育吧？死亡控制则是另一码事。Medical examinations at school
catch disease early and ensure healthier school children. Scientists are
at work eliminating deadly diseases.学校里进行的体格检查 能早期发
现疾病，从而保证在校儿童的身体更加健康。科学家们正在研究消
灭不治之症。
As we know, medical care helps to keep people alive longer. 正
如我们所知，医疗保健有助于人们的健康长寿。
We used to think seventy was a good age; now eighty, ninety, it may
be , are coming to be recognized as a normal age for human begins. 我
们过去认为，70岁就是长寿了。现在80岁，90岁都可以算是人类
的正常寿命。People are living longer, and fewer children are dying, so
the population of the world is shooting up.人的寿命增高，儿童死亡率
降低，所以世界上的人口激增。

5-3 Old-age Insurance in China中国的老年养老保险 英
At present, old-age insurance is a growing problem. 目前情况
下，中国老年养老问题不可能不备受关注。
In the past pension for government workers were provided by the state,
and the senior citizens in rural areas were supported by their families.
过去国家单位和企业职工的养老由国家和企业负担，农村老人的养
老由家庭负责。
With the development of a market economy this mode will no longer
do. In the cities the elderly have become a heavy burden on enterprises
and the government, while in the countryside, with the implementation
of family planning, sometimes one couple has to support four parents
and one child. And this obviously would be a very heavy burden.随着
市场经济的发展，这种养老模式受到了严峻的挑战，养老费 用已经
成为不少企业沉重的负担。至于农村，由于实行计划生育，有时一
个家庭一对夫妇要承担 三四位老人和一个孩子的赡养，负担显然过
于沉重。
In the countryside, providing old-age insurance for 900 million
peasants is a very complicated problem. 在农村，解决九亿农民的养
老是一个极为复杂的问题。This is attributable to China's low level of
economic development, huge population and limited national strength.
这同中国经济发展水平，国力有限而人口如此庞大有关。But
nevertheless progress has been made in this aspect.尽管如此，近年来
在农村养老方面还是迈出了可喜的步伐。
Old-age insurance is collected mainly from individuals,
subsidized by collective funds, and the government grants preferential
policies in support. 农村养老保险奉行的是个人保障为主，集体补
助为辅，国家予于政策扶持的原则。The money comes mainly from
the individual, although rural enterprises pay a small part, and
government at various levels is being called upon to contribute.具体来
说，资金主要以农民个人缴费为主，乡镇企业出一部分 ，农村各级
财政也予以应有的支持。
Old-age insurance in the countryside helps peasants alleviate
worries about their dotage and changes the traditional concept of
rearing children for one's old age. Its influence on social development
is also potentially far-reaching.农村社会养老保险的深入发展 ，有助
于解决农民晚年靠谁养活的后顾之忧，也有助于改变传统的养儿防

老的生 育观念，它对社会发展的影响是深远的。
Considering China's present capabilities, it is impossible for
government and society to take on the entire burden of supporting the
elderly.从中国目前的国力来考虑，没 有家庭养老的支撑，国家和社
会是很难承担如此庞大的农村老年群体的赡养任务的。 Chinese
stress family, and the tradition of supporting the elderly under one's
roof should be carried forward. 中国的家庭素来重视亲情，爱幼敬
老的传统有着强大的生命力，今后仍需发扬光大。
China's old-age support system will still have to take the family as the
core unit, subsidized by social welfare, all in accordance with China's
realities and cultural traditions .总之，中国的养老体系应以家庭养老
为主，社会养老为辅，这是符合中国国情和文化传统的。

5-4 英
Ever since Thomas Malthus published his Essay on the
Principle of Population in 1798, population has been blamed for all
other problems. 自从马尔萨斯在1798年发表他的人口理论学说 以
后，人们就认为其他所有的社会问题都是人口问题引起的。
Worsening environmental pollution, energy shortages, soil erosion, the
destruction of forests and desertification since the 1960s have further
intensified concern about population growth, especially that of
developing countries.60年代以来 急剧恶化的环境污染，能源短缺，
土壤侵蚀，森林破会和沙漠化等问题使人们更加关注人口增长，特别是发展中国家的人口增长。
As the most populous country in the world, China has often
been a focus of attention in the international community. 作为世界上
人口最多的国家，中国一直是国际关注的焦点。
With rapid economic development and success in family planning,
China has been frequently maligned with talk of the
the spread of mistaken ideas like world will be unable to feed
Chinaand planning violates human rights.随着经济的发展
和计划生育政策所 取得的成功，中国开始频繁地遭到诸如中国威
胁论，世界将养不活中国以及计划生育违背人权等错误论调 的
中伤。

5-5 英
October 12 of 1999 is the United Nations World Day of Six
Billion People. 1999年10月12日是联合国确定的世界60亿人口
日。
This indicates that the world's population has reached six billion, a
landmark in human development that sounds an alarm.这表明世界人
口总数已经达到60亿，这是我们人类发展的一个里程 碑，也是人
口增长过快的警钟。
Human society has experienced remarkable development and
changes in the 20th century. 20世纪人类社会经历了前所未有的进步
和变化。
Along with those has come the rapid growth of population and severe
deterioration of the global environment. 同时也出现了人口剧增和严
重的环境问题。The United Nations and governments of all nations,
especially those in the developing world, have made unswerving efforts
to solve the population problem.针对这种形势，联合国以及各国政
府，特别是发展中国家为解 决人口增长过快问题做出了不懈努力。
With 1.2 billion residents, China is the world's most populous
developing country. Being confronted with the heavy population
pressure, Chinese government has made family planning a fundamental
state policy to control the population growth. 中国是人口最多的发 展
中国家，面对人口的巨大压力，中国政府把实行计划生育，控制人
口增长作为一项基本国策。
Besides this, the government has mapped out a series of documents
setting pace for the sustainable development.同时还制定了一系列重
要法规来规范长期以来行之有效的发展计划。
China will continue its present family planning policy to
tackle population problems in China and create a positive population
environment for all-round development in the next century. 有12亿人
口的中国将继续以目前的计划生育政策来解决中国的人口问题 ，为
新世纪的全面发展创造一个良好的人口环境。And we hope that
exchanges between China and other nations will be further
strengthened in the fields of population and development so as to make
new contributions to stabilizing and promoting the global peace and
development.我们希望在人口与发展领域加强与国际 社会的广泛交
流与合作，为稳定全球人口，促进世界和平与发展做出新的贡献。

5-6
The population of the world is increasing at an alarming rate.世
界人口正在以惊人的速度增长着。
There are now about 5700 million people on the earth. By the year
2000 there will be at least 400 million more. 现在地球上大约有57亿
人，到2000年至少要增加4亿。Where will all these millions live?
More houses, blocks of flats and skyscrapers will have to be built. Soon
no new houses will be able to have a garden. 人们将不得不修建更多
的房子，公寓楼和高层建筑。很快新的房屋就不再有花园了。Man
will have to build houses under the sea. Scientists are already working
on this possibility. 人们将不得不在海底建造房屋，科学家们正在研
究这种可能性。By the twenty-first century many men will probably go
to live on other planets if life is found to be possible there. 到了21世
纪，如果发现其他星球上有生命的话，许多人就可能到那儿去居住。
There will probably be regular flights in spaceships from the earth to
these other planets.这样在地球和这些星球之间就可能会有宇宙飞船
定期来往飞行。

5-7 Uneven Population Distribution人口分布不均
China's population is unevenly distributed, becoming denser as
one moves from west to east. 中国的人口分布不均，人口分布从西到
东越来越稠密。
The coastal areas in the east are densely populated, with 360 people per
sq. km; the plateau areas in the west are sparsely populated, with fewer
than 10 people per . 东部沿海地区人口密集，每平方公里360
人;而西部的高原地区人口稀少，每平方公里不到10人。
If a straight line is drawn between Heihe in Heilongjiang province and
Tengchong in Yunnan Province, we will find that in the area east of the

line, which makes up 42.9% of China's territory, live 94.4% of the
country's population, whereas in the area west of the line, which
constitutes 57.1% of the total area of China, inhabit only 5.6% of its
population.如果我 们画一条直线把黑龙江的黑河到云南的藤冲连接
起来，我们就会发现，这条直线的东面，占了全国面积的 42.9%，
却有94.4%的人口居住在这里; 而这条直线的西面，占了57.1%的
国土，却只有全国人口的5.6%居住在这里。

5-8 China Benefits Mankind中国造福人类
With its outstanding achievements in halting the population
explosion, China won high praise from United Nations experts. 中国
在控制人口增长方面取得了巨大的成就，受到了联合国的高度赞
赏。
has had the most successful family planning policy in the
history of mankind in terms of quantity, and with that China has done
mankind a favour,United Nations population Fund representative
Burmester said.联合国人口基金代表布尔梅斯特说: 中国是人类历
史上实施计划生育最成功的国家，中国为人类做了件大好事。
On October 12, our planet received its 6 billion baby. 今年10月
12日，地球村迎来了它的第六十亿位居民。
But the day might have come at least three years ago if China had not
implemented its family planning policy.然而，如果中国不实行计划生
育政策，世界人口将至少提前3年达到60亿。
UN figures indicate that the world population has doulbed in
the past 40 years, and 1 billion were added in the' past 12 years, the
shortest amount of time ever to witness a billion births.联合国的数据
表明，在过去4年里，世界人口翻了一番; 而仅仅是过去的12年
里，世界人口就增长了10亿，这是世界人口增长最快的一段时期。
The expanding population is imposing heavy pressure on the
environment and resources. It has also caused continuing poverty in
fast growing areas.人口的不断膨胀给环境和资源带来了沉重的压
力，同时也使人口增长迅速 的地区穷者更穷的情况持续下去。
Curbing the rapid population growth is a tough task whole
world is facing, not just one or two countries.控制人口的快速增长是
全球面临的艰巨任务，而不仅仅是一两个国家的事。
With a responsible attitude towards its people and world,
China was among the earlies to input great manpower and money in
carrying out a family planning policy. China has made a great
contribution to mankind.本着对它的人民以及对世界负责的精 神，中
国是最早投入大量的人力物力实施计划生育政策的国家之一。中国
为人类作出了巨大的贡 献。

Unit 6
6-1 英
China persistently sopports activities involving the peaceful use
of outer space, and maintains that international space cooperation shall
be promoted and strengthened on the basis of equality and mutual
benefit, mutual complementarity and common development. 中国一贯
支持和平利用外层空间的各种活动，主张在平等互 利，取长补短，
共同发展的基础上，增进和加强空间领域的国际合作。
We insist that the aim of international space cooperation is to peacefull
develop and use space resources for the benefit of all mankind. 我们坚
持国际空间合作应以和平开发和利用空间资源，为全人类谋取福利
为宗旨。
The Chinese government adopts the following policies in developing
international space cooperation: persisting in the independence and
self-reliance policy, carring out active and pragmatic international
space cooperation to meet the needs of the national modernization
drive and the demands of the domestic and international markets for
space science and te chnology.中国政府在开展国际空间合作中采取
的基本政策是:坚持独立自主的方针，根据国家 现代化建设的需要，
以及国内外航天科技的市场需求，开展积极，务实的国际空间合作。
China's participation in international space cooperation started
in the mid-1970s. 中国在空间领域的国际合作始于20世纪70年代
中期。
During the last two decades or more, China has joined bilateral,
regional, multilateral and international space cooperation in different
forms, such as commercial launching service, which have yielded
extensive achievements.
20多年来，中国开展了双边合作，区域 合作，多边合作以及商业
发射服务等多种形式的国际空间合作，取得了广泛的成果。
Ever since the Chinese government made the declaration in
1985 that China's Marchlaunching vehicles would serve the
international market and provide intetnational satellite launching
service, up to October 2000, China had successfully launched 27
foreign-made satellites for user in Pakistan, Australia, Sweden, the
United States, the Philippines, as well as domestic users. 自1985年中
国政府宣布长征系列运载火箭投放国际市场，承揽国际卫星发射
服务业务以来，至2000年10月， 先后为巴基斯坦，澳大利亚，瑞
典，美国，菲律宾，巴西等国家及中国用户成功的发射了27颗国
外制造的卫星。The service of
intetnational satellite launching market is a beneficial supplement to
international commercial satellite launching services, and it has
provided foreign clients with new options.长征系列运载火箭进入
国际卫星发射服务市场，是对国际商业卫星 发射服务的有益补充，
也为国外用户提供了新的选择。

6-2 英
According to an agreement signed in Beijing, the Great Wall
Industry Corporation(CGWIC) will take satelcom, a
telecommunications satellite owned by the Italian Alenia Aerospazio
Company, into space aboard a Long March 3A rocket. It will be
launched in the first half of 2001.中国长城工业总公司与意大利阿莱
尼亚宇航公司在北京签订了用长征三号甲运载火箭发 射讯达恒通
信卫星的商业发射服务合同，合同规定的发射日期为2001年上半
年。
Weighing 2.6 tons, the Satelcom is a geo- stationary
telecommunications satellite with 28 KU-band transponders on board.
讯达恒卫星是地球同步轨道通 讯卫星，总量约2.6吨，共有28个
KU波段转发器。

The lauch will be the fourth for the three-stage Long March 3A,
following three successful launches since its maiden flight in 1994. 长
征三号甲运载火箭是我国自 行研制的三级运载火箭。自从1994年
首次发射以来，已成功发射了三次。
The contract was the first time Great Wall provided launch services for
an international client using the Long March 3A.这是长城工业总公司
首次使用这种型号火箭承担发射外国卫星任务。

6-3 英
In January 1979, the China Aviation Technology Import and
Export Corporation was founded with the approval of the State Council.
Since then, China has had a window to show its srength in aviation
industry development to the world. 1979年1月，伴随着中国改革开
放的步伐，中国航空技术进出口公司经国务 院批准正式成立。中国
航空工业从此有了向世界展示实力的窗口。
Simultaneously, China's aviation industry has expanded its business to
technology introduction, engine export, production subcontracting,
sales services for aviation components and the export of non-aviation
electrical and machinery products, achieving good economic return.与
此同时，中国航空工业还通过中航技术公司开展技术引 进，发动机
出口，转包生产，航空零备件售后服务，非航空机电产品出口等多
项贸易往来，并取 得了突出成就。
In the mid-1970s, China sold its first batch of
从70年代中期，中国出口销售
第一批歼六，初教六飞机开始。
So far, several hundreds planes have been put into service in 20
counties and regions. 到目前为止，已有数百架飞机在20多个国家
和地区服役。
The fihgter planes made in China have become a main army force to
safeguard territorial air space of the countries importing them.以歼击
机为代表的中国军用飞机成为保卫出口所到国领空的一支重要力
量。
China's civil transport planes have also reputation in the
countries importing them for their reliable performance, multiple
purposes and low price. 中国运系列民用飞机一直以性能可靠，用
途广泛，价格低廉的优势获得了其所在国的称赞。
They also play a positive role in the development of agriculture,
forestry, fishery, transport, post and telecommunications, disaster relief
and emergency needs. 也在农业，林业，渔业，运输业，邮政业以
及赈灾抢险等领域发挥着重要作用。
Some of the planes have become special ones to serve the presidents of
other countries. 有的还成为国家首脑的专用飞机。
Since 1989, the Corporation has signed contracts to export 93
Plane
million and taking a share of the international market.从1989年起，中
航技术工公司与亚洲，非洲，南美洲 ，大洋洲等地区国家签署了
93架运十二飞机的出口合同，创汇2亿多美元，在世界民用飞机
市 场占了一席之地。

6-4 英
The China Aviation Technology Import and Export Shenzhen
Company is a window of China National Aviation Industry Corporation
in Shenzhen, and a branch of the China Aviation Technology Import
and Export Corporation. 中国航空技术进出口公司深圳分公司是中
国航空总公司设在 深圳经济特区的窗口，是中国航空技术技术进出
口总公司的分支机构。
Since its founding in 1980, the company has gradually grown into a
comprehensive enterprise group integrating high technology industry,
commerce and trade, real estate, tourism, finance and securities,
supported by the talents and technical force of the aviation industry and
taking advantage of the geography and policy of the specail zone. 自
从1980年成立以来，该公司依托航空工业的人才和 技术实力，发
挥深圳地区的地理，政策优势，逐步发展成为集高科技工业，商贸，
房地产，旅游 服务和金融证券等多元化于一体的综合性企业集团。
By the end of 1996, the company had 106 enterprises including three
listed companies of Fiyta, Nanguang and Tianma, with a staff of 10000.
至1996年底，拥有包括飞亚达 ，南光，天马3家股票上市公司在
内的企业106家，职工万余人。
In 1994, the company was among the 100 top enterprise of Guangdong
Province in import and export and has become one of the 18 key
enterprises in Sh enzhen.1994年，该公司进入广东省进出口百强企业
之列，并成为深圳市18家重点扶持企业 之一。
Taking advantage of aviation technology to produce civil
products, the company is energetically developing high-tech, high
value-added, high exchange earning export-oriented enterprises,
forming electronics, clock and watch , computer, telecommunications,
machinery, building materials and plastics industries, with most of its
products exported.中航技术进出口公司深圳分公司充分利用航空尖
端科技的优势开展民用工业品生产，大力发展高科技，高增值，高
创汇的外向型企业，形成电子，钟表 ，电脑与通信，机械，建材和
塑胶等产业，产品大部分外销。
The company has established close ties with foreign countries
via the overseas institutions of the China National Aviation Industry
Corporation and China Aviation Technology Corporation, forming an
autonomous foreign trade network, operating advanced production
technology and equipment, purchasing materials, exporting civil
products, contracting processing business and undertaking boned
warehousing and transshipping business.
该公司通过中国航空工业总公司，中国航空技术进 出口总公司设在
国外的机构，与海外建立了密切的联系，采购各类所需物资，出口
民用产品，承 接三来加工业务，并开展保税仓储以及转运业务。
6-5
The region above earth is, in a way, becoming a dump.
Scientists estimate that 10,000 to 15,000 large pieces of junk are
orbiting our planet.
从某种意义上来说，外层空间正在变成一个垃圾场。科学家估计，
目前大约有1万~1.5万块 垃圾正在围绕着地球旋转。
The space junk includes burned- out rocket engines, old fuel tanks,
satellite that have stopped working, and parts of exploded rockets. 这
些太空垃圾中有燃烧过的火箭推进器，旧燃料箱，失控的人造卫星

以及爆炸的火箭碎片。
Most pieces hurtle along at about 6 miles a second (9.5 kms).大多数
的太空垃圾都以大约每秒6英里(9.5公里秒)的速度高度运行。
Space trash has already fallen to earth. Most of it has landed in
the oceans or on open land, away from the cities. 太空垃圾已有不少
落到了地球上，其中大多数掉到了远离城市的海洋或旷野里。
Scientists are working on various ways to clean up the litter while it is
still orbiting in space. 科学家正在探索各种途径以清除朋在太空中
运行的垃圾。
One suggestion: a satellite that would function as a trash A
space shuttle would carry it into orbit. 其中一项建议是发射一颗能充
当太空(垃圾车)的人造卫星。宇宙飞船可以将这颗卫星送入轨道。
There, the satellite would track trash and collect it with robot arms. The
shuttle would then bring the satellite~and its trash ~ back to e arth.在那
里，这颗卫星可以追踪垃圾并用机械臂进行回收，然后，宇宙飞船
可以将卫星连 同垃圾一并带回地球
Where space trash might land is only one problem. 太空垃圾
可能会坠落到什么地方仅仅是问题之一。
Scientists worry more about a greater danger: collisions in orbit
between spacecraft and trash. 科学家更为担心的是一个更大的危险:
航天器在轨道上与太空垃圾发生碰撞。
Cleaning up space trash would make space travel safer for
satellites-and for astronauts.清楚太空垃圾能使得人造卫星和宇航员
的航程更为安全。

6-6
On July 20, 1969, two American astronauts planted the first
human footsteps on the moon. 1969年7月20日，两名美国宇航员第
一次把人类的足迹印到了月球上。
The man who took the first step was Neil A. Armstrong, the
38-year-old civilian commander of the Apollo 11. 第一个踏上月球的
人是阿波罗11号的机长，38岁的尼尔·阿姆斯特郎。
As he reached the bottom of the landing craft's ladder and extended his
booted left foot to touch the moon's powdery surface, he said:
one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.当 他走到登月艇
扶梯的底部，伸出他穿着靴子的左脚，要碰到月球粉状的表面时，
他说:这是一个 人的一小步，却是人类跨出的一大步。
He was followed down the ladder minutes later by Edwin B.
Aldrin, Jr., a 39-year-old Air Force colonel. 几分钟后，跟着他走下梯
子的是一名39岁的空军上校，小埃德文·奥尔德林。
For 2 hours and 21 minutes, the two men wandered about on the barren,
rock-strewn moon surface. 他们在寸草不生，乱石嶙嶙的月面漫步了
2小时21分钟。They tested their ability to move about on this strange
world. They took photographs of the landscapes. They set up scientific
experiments and collected rock and soil samples. 他们在这个陌生的
星球上测验他们的的行走能力。他们拍摄照片 ，进行科学试验，收
集土和石的标本。
They set up a television camera so the whole world could watch.他们
还架起了一部电视摄影机，好让全世界都能看到。
All the while, the third member of the crew, Michael Collins, 38, an Air
Force lieutenant colonel, piloted the Command ship in lunar orbit 70
miles above the surface, waiting for the two explorers to rejoin him for
the trip back to earth. 第三名成员麦克尔·柯林斯，一位38岁的空
军中校，始终驾驶着指挥船在月面上空70 英里处的月球轨道上运
行，等待着两位探险家和他汇合，重返地球。
Altogether, the visit to the moon lasted 21 hours and 37 minutes. 这次
对月球的访问一共持续了21个小时37分钟。
Through television and radio, hundreds of millions of of people
followed the activities aboard Columbia, the Command Ship, and
Eagle, the landing craft.通过电视和广播，几亿人追踪着哥伦比亚
号指挥船和鹰号登月艇的活动。
Though the mission was completed almost without flaw, it was
filled with suspense and anxiety. 这次任务虽然圆满完成，却令人充
满焦虑和担忧。
The astronauts faced risks on the moon never before met by man.宇航
员在月球上所冒的危险是人类从没有遇到过的。
And, as with all space flights, chances of failure and disaster were ever
present. 而且，像所有太空飞行一样，失败和灾难的可能性是永远
存在的。
An error or failure of the millions or individual parts anywhere along
the way could have ended the mission short of goal.在数百万零部件
中，任何一件在中途出了毛病或者失灵，就会使登月任务无法完成。
An equipment failure or accident on the way could have left the
astronauts stranded.在月球如果有一种设备失灵或出事，就会使宇航
员陷入困境。
But they made it. After eight days in space, they splashed
down in the Pacific to a presidential greeting aboard the recovery
carrier, the U.S.A hornet. 但是他们完成了任务。经过8天太空飞行
之后，他们降落在太平洋上，在 担任打捞任务的美国航空母舰大
黄蜂号上，接受总统的祝贺。
They were the heroes of the nation and the world. It was a journey that
look man beyond the earth to walk on another world.他们成了美国和
全世界的英雄人物。这是一次将人类带到地球以外 的另一个星球上
去漫游的旅行。

Passage B
China's International Commercial Satellite Launching
service greas up to international pratice
Reporter(Q): More than 10 years have elapsed since the Chinese
Government authorized the Great Wall Corporation to exclusively run
the business of international business satellite launching. Your
corporation has won prestige in the international community of
astronautics, insurance and satellite communications.
Zhang Xinxia(A): In October 1985, the Chinese Government
announced that its Long March serial carrier rockets had entered the
international business launching service market. Over the past decade
or so, we have established business relationships with corporations,
international satellite organizations, and insurance companies in dozens
of countries and regions. We have held business talks with more than
100 satellite clients and potential clients, resulting in the conclusion of

26 business contracts and many long-term cooperative agreements. So
far, we have successfully launched 8 rockets and have succeeded in 5
carrier launches. China's business satellite launching service(BSLS),
developing from its first entry into the market to winning a certain
share of the market, and from a few models of carrier rockets at the
initial stage to being capable of producing new models of various
specifications of powerful thrust and multifunctional carrier rockets at
present, has made important contributions to China's astronomical
science and technology industry.
Q: Presently, how about the rocket carriage capacity for satellite
launches?
A: To meet the demands for launching on the intetnational
market, we have studied and produced new models of carrier rockets
with powerful thrust for various demands. On the basis of the LM-2C
and LM-3 rockets, we have step by step built up a series of carrier
rockets for commercial satellite launching, including the models
LM-2C, LM-2, ICSD, LM-2D, LM-2E, LM-3, LM-3B, and LM-4,
promoting the carrier capabilities for satellites to be launched into a
synchronous orbit with the moving earth from 1.4 tons to 5 tons, and
the perigee orbit carrier capability from 2.5 tons to 9.5 tons. Meanwhile,
the EPKM solid-propellant engine used for perigee synchronous orbit
launching and the satellite distributor for iridium satellite launching
have also successfully been developed. China's astronomical industry
can now launch satellites for different uses into perigee orbit, orbit
running in synchronism with the sun and orbit running in synchronism
with the movement of the earth.
Q: Following the two failures in satellite launching, what remedial
measures have you taken?
A: On February 15, 1996, a LM-3B rocket with powerful thrust
was first launched carrying a 708 satellite, but crashed to the ground 22
seconds after it was launched as a result of the malfunction of its
intertial calibration in the control system. On August 18, 1996, a LM-3
rocket carrying Chinese satellite No.7 was launched, but it failed to
enter its planned orbit because of the second engine closing time for the
third stage engine of the rocket signaled 48 seconds in advance of the
scheduled time. These two failurescreated uncertainty among the
customers and the insurance circles in the Long March series rockets.
As a result, three contracts were canceled and two others were
suspended. And another two would-be projects in the making proved
abortive and the corporation found itself in a very difficult situation,
unable to reassure its clients and continue to develop its market in the
world.
In this severe situation, the corporation mobilized all the personnel
in the system to find the causes of the failures. It strengthened its rigid
control and took forceful measures to promote its general product
quality. The general corporation immediately drew up five concrete
measures, including the
Control Over Model Qualitythe Concerning the
Strengthening of Astronautic Scientific Research and Control Over
Production
published the Regulation On the Approval of Astronautic
Model Products
principles of a more serious, more prudent, and more
conscientious attitude in workThe China Carrier Rocket Research
Institute conducted a harmless detection on a large amount of
refractory parts of the carrier ing to the new standards
set by the state, several hundreds of welded seaming points were
detected through X-ray or industrial CT examinations. When rockets
were equipped with the qualified and flawless pans, they were again
put into testing and experiment. And a quality re-examination and
testing were also conducted on several hundred non-metallic parts in
storage. The passing standards for various stages were revised with
stricter rules on the control points of delivery, and were moved from
place to place, filling propellant fuel, and ignition, guaranteeing the
launch and flight of any rockets without any potential causes of
accident. After many endeavors, the quality of rockets was upgraded.
As the general contractor for international satellite launching, the Great
Wall Corporation notified its clients and insurance circles about the
whole process of the failure of the launches and the causes and reported
the analysis of the causes and the measures taken. It invited
international astronomical specialists to join in the investigation into
the accidents. After the examination of the accidents was conducted,
specialists were organized to visit clients and insurance circles abroad
and expounded to them all the details of the accident. It also invited the
officials of the insurance community to inspect the ground tests and test
flights of our improved rockets. All these endeavors have been
rewarded with the understanding from clients and insurance circles.
Only by so doing, have they learned of the improvements in rocket
quality and seen their confidence in the product increase. And
consequently a new satellite-launching contract was implemented and
the launch proved a success.
On August 20, 1997, the successful launch of a philippines'
satellite justified the general design of the LM-3B, demonstrating a
satisfactory result achieved in improving quality. On September 1, the
LM-ZCSD rocket to be used for the launch of an iridium satellite,
successfully made its first test flight. On October 17, the Asia-pacific
No.2 R satellite was once again launched by the LM-3B successfully,
and with a very high degree of precision. These three successful
launches, in addition to the earlier successful launches in the same year
of the East-Is-Red No.3 and the wind-and- Clouds No.2 satellites,
meant that the corporation's situation was beginning to turn for the
better, and it recovered its reputation among its clients and insurance
circles. Following the successful launches made by the LM-3B, a series
of launching service activities have been carried out.
Q: In face of the fierce competition in international commercial
satellite launching, what do you plan to do?
A: Astronomic technology is the symbol of the comprehensive
strength of a country, representing, in a sense, the political status,
economic strength and technological progress of the country and nation.
Today, the competition in commercial launching is so acute that the old

rocket suppliers are trying their best to consolidate and develop their
market. In recent years, the Russian model
and Janpanese H2 rockets have joined the competitors. In
particular, rocket suppliers now have organized themselves into
conglomerations, and transnational groups, further adding fuel to the
flames of competition. Facing the challenge, we must promote the
reliability of our payload rockets, and create a satisfactory flight record
on the basis of steady progress on the one hand, and on the other, we
have to create the world's first rate level of service so as to develop our
market by providing good service. At present, we have to promote the
coordinate capabilities in the launching service and shorten the cycling
period of time in production and launch, and create a good business
image for our corporation in the minds of clients and insurance circles.
To promote the level of service and to meet the needs of the world
market, we have taken some measures, as follows:
1. Promoting the reliability of rockets. Quality is the foundation of
reputation and the lifeline of international commercial satellite
launching. The successful launches of the retrievable satellite in
October 1996, the East-Is-Red No.3, the Wind-and-Clouds No.2, the
Philippines' and the Asia-Pacific No.2 R satellite and the test flight of
the iridium satellite in 1997, have proved that the measures taken to
promote quality are correct. Should we persist in the improvement, we
can promote the quality of our product and the level of service
continuously.
ing coordinate capabilities in launching services. Shorten
the cycling period of time in production and launch. Improve the
facilities for launching.
ng a reliable image in the minds of clients and insurance
circles. Whatever may happen in launches in the future, success or
failure, the process and result should be promptly and accurately
relayed to them.
ing measures for security control and salvage. And
promote handling capabilities in urgent situation.
ing the quality of personnel and the level of management
so as to further promote our service to gear up with the practice on the
world market. Promoting personal business, technological and
managerial levels, and creating conditions for clients and insurance
circles and satellite producers to have a good understanding of China.
And improving gradually the living conditions for launching service.
6. In the development of the world market, we should positively
cooperate with the powerful corporations in the world in various forms.
Q: What share has China obtained of the international launching
market? And now can it develop itself in the domain of astronomic
trade in the future?
A: From our first business satellite launch in 1990 to July of 1996,
we held about 7 to 9 percent of the total shares of the market. In 1997,
we have carried out the planned launch of the Philippine's and the
Asia-Pacific No.2 R satellite. As planned, the iridium satellite will also
be launched this year. The iridium satellite system is a perigee orbiting
communications system in synchronism with the moving earth,
consisting of 66 satellites. China has entered constracts for 11 launches
of 22 of these satellites.
The launch plan for 1998 also includes the Chinese satellite No.8,
Xin Nuo No.1 and the scientific experimental satellite carrying a load
from China and Brazil, all to be launched by LM-3B rockets.
According to the long-term agreement signed between the
corporation and the American Hughes Co., the world's largest
commercial satellite supplier, in June 1997, in the period from the
second half of 1998 to 2006, a total of 10 satellite made by Long
March rockets. Five of them will be positioned and the other five
selective. The Great Wall Corporation has also conducted a
memorandum with the American Lora Co. for a number of launching
services, and the latter has promised to purphase two rockets from the
Great Wall Corporation.
The successful launches by the LM-3B rocket in 1997 have
created favourable conditions for china to acquire more contracts for
launching satellites orbiting in synchronism with the moving earth.
China's perigee orbiting commercial satellite system will enter the
practical use stage. The development of the moving and wide-band
alternative communications system has shown the broad visa for the
average and low altitute orbit satellite market. We must make more
efforts to develop this market. Moreover, we will also intensify
outer-space technology coorperation with our counterparts in the world
to promote the country's export of satellites and parts and components.
Q: May I take the liberty to ask you another question? Have you
financial allowances been granted by the government for your
commercial satellite launching service?
A: No. Not any. Our launching service is completely governed by
the market economy.

Unit 7
7-1 Redefining types of ownership in the country's economy 英
我国重新划分经济成分类型
The new regulations concerned aim at accurately reflecting
structure of ownership and SOE's control of sh ares.为准确反映和研究
我国所有制结构以及国有经济的控股情况，国家开始实行新的经济
成分类型划分法。
In general the bifurcation of economy includes public &
non-public, the former is again divided into state ownership and
collective ownership while the latter into private enterprises,
enterprises owned by Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan businessmen,
and enterprises owned by foreign businessmen.经济成分将被划分为
两大类型，共五种成分类型。第一大类为公有经济，其中包括国有
经济和集体经济两种成分类型 ; 第二大类为非公有经济，其中包括
私有经济，港澳台经济，外商经济三种成分类型。
The calculation method is based on the paid- in(i.e. paid up) capital.
In the paid-in capital there are five kinds: state capital, collective
capital, individual capital （calculated as private capital）, HK, Macao
and Taiwan capital, and foreign capital. 确定企业经济成分时的推算
方法: 根据企业实收资本中的国家资本，集体资本，个人资本，港