促进电机节能和能源系统优化，提
高电机运行和能源系统效率。实施
绿色照明工 程，加快推广高效电器
应用。加快推广农村省柴节煤炉灶、
节能房屋技术，淘汰高耗能老旧农< br>机、渔船，推进农业和农村节能。
加强政府机构节能，发挥政府对社
会节能的带动作用。 加快节能监测
和技术服务体系建设，强化节能监
测，创新服务平台。
——加强管 理节能。中国政府
建立了政府强制采购节能产品制
度，积极推进优先采购节能（包括
节 水）产品，选择部分节能效果显
著、性能比较成熟的产品予以强制
采购。积极发挥政府采购的政 策导
向作用，带动社会生产和使用节能
产品。研究制定鼓励节能的财税政
策，实施资源 综合利用税收优惠政
策，建立多渠道的节能融资机制。
深化能源价格改革，形成有利于节
能的价格形成机制。实施固定资产
投资项目节能评估和审核制度，严
把能耗增长的源头。建立 企业节能
新机制，实施能效标识管理，推进
合同能源管理和节能自愿协议。建
立健全节 能法律法规，依法强化节
能管理。加强节能管理队伍建设，
加大执法监督检查力度。
——倡导社会节能。中国采取
多种形式大力宣传节约能源的重要
意义，不断增强全民资源忧患意 识
和节约意识。倡导能源节约文化，
努力形成健康、文明、节约的消费
automob iles. It will accelerate the innovation of coal- fueled
industrial boilers (kilns), regional simultaneous generation of
heat and power and surplus heat and pressure utilization, and
improve the efficiency of energy utilization. It will save more
energy in the sphere of electrical machinery and optimize
energy systems, so as to improve the efficiency of both. It will
carry out the Green Lighting Project, and spread more rapidly
high-performance electrical appliances. It will also spread
technologies for firewood- and coal-saving stoves and
energy-saving houses in rural areas, and eliminate old, high
energy- consuming farm machinery and fishing boats, so as to
promote energy conservation in agriculture and the rural areas.
It will urge government bodies to save more energy, giving full
play to the role of the government in leading energy
conservation. It will put in place at an early date the system of
energy-conservation monitoring and technological support,
strengthening energy-conservation monitoring and establishing
new energy services platforms.
-- Strengthening the administration of energy conservation. The
Chinese government has established a system of compulsory
government procurement of energy-saving products, actively
advocating energy-saving (including water-saving) products as
a priority for government procurement; and included some
products with outstanding results and stable performance on the
list of compulsory procurement. It will give full play to the role
of governmental purchase in policy guidance and in
encouraging all sectors of society to produce and use
energy-saving products. It will study and formulate fiscal and
taxation policies to encourage energy conservation, implement
preferential taxation policies for those effectively making
comprehensive use of resources, and set up an energy-saving
mechanism with multi-channel financing. It will deepen the
reform of energy prices to introduce a pricing mechanism
favorable for energy conservation. It will put in force an
evaluation and examination system in respect of energy
conservation in fixed assets investment projects and strictly
control increase of energy consumption at the roots. It will set
up a new energy-conservation mechanism for enterprises, adopt
an energy efficiency labeling mechanism, and promote
contract-based energy management and voluntary
energy-conservation agreements. It will improve the legal
framework regarding energy conservation, and strengthen
energy- conservation management by law. It will improve the
overall quality of energy-conservation managerial personnel,
and step up efforts in law enforcement, supervision and
examination.
-- Advocating energy conservation in society. The Chinese
government energetically advocates the significance of energy
conservation by various means, constantly strengthening the
public awareness of the importance of resources conservation. It
will promote the culture of energy conservation, and work hard

模式。把节约能源纳入基础教育、
职业教育、高等教育和技术培训体
系 ，利用新闻出版、广播影视等媒
体，大力宣传和普及节能知识。继
续深入开展节能宣传周活动， 动员
社会各界广泛参与，努力建立全社
会节能的长效机制。
四、提高能源供给能力
长期以来，中国主要依靠本国
能源资源发展经济，能源自给率一< br>直保持在90%以上，远远高于多数
发达国家。目前，中国已经成为世
界第二大能源生产 国，具备了较强
的能源生产供应基础。在全面建设
小康社会的过程中，中国将首先立
足 于国内能源资源，着重优化能源
结构，努力提高供应能力。
中国能源资源的开发潜力较< br>大。煤炭已发现的资源量仅占资源
蕴藏量的13%，可采储量占已发现
资源量的40%。 水力资源开发利用
程度仅为20%。石油资源探明程度
为33%，开始进入勘探中期，仍有较大潜力。天然气资源探明程度为
14%，处于勘探早期，资源前景广
阔。非常规能源资源 尚处于开发利
用初期，开发潜力较大。可再生能
源开发利用刚刚起步，发展空间很
大。 资源节约、综合利用和循环利
用等方面，也存在着很好的前景。
中国提高能源供应能力的措施
是：
——有序发展煤炭。煤炭是中
国的基础能源， 增加供给能力、优
化能源结构、保障煤矿安全、减少
环境污染、提高资源利用效率、构
建新型煤炭工业体系，是保障国民
经济发展的迫切需要。中国加大煤
炭资源勘查力度，支持大型 煤炭基
地的资源普查和地质详查，规范商
业性勘探，提高资源保障程度，稳
步推进大型 煤炭基地建设。通过企
to bring into being a healthy, civilized and economical mode of
consumption. It will incorporate energy conservation into the
system of elementary education, vocational education, higher
education and technical training, and publicize and popularize
relevant knowledge by means of mass media. It will enhance
the energy-conservation week campaign, and mobilize all
sectors of society to participate in it. All these measures will
help to build a long-term mechanism of energy conservation
with the participation of all sectors of society.
IV. Improving the Energy Supply Capacity
For a long time China has relied largely on domestic energy
resources to develop its economy, and the rate of
self- sufficiency has been above 90 percent, much higher than
that in most developed countries. China is now the second
biggest energy producer in the world, and has a relatively strong
foundation for the energy production and supply. In the course
of building a moderately prosperous society, China will rely
mainly on domestic energy resources, give priority to
optimizing its energy mix, and work hard to increase its energy
supply capacity.
China boasts great potential in energy resources exploitation.
Coal resources already verified only account for 13 percent of
the total deposits, and recoverable reserves account for 40
percent of the discovered resources. Only 20 percent of the
country's hydropower resources have been utilized so far.
Verified oil reserves are 33 percent of the total deposits, and
China has begun to enter the middle phase of oil prospecting,
still seeing a big potential. Proven reserves of natural gas
account for 14 percent, showing that China is in the early stage
of exploration and indicating bright prospects in this sphere.
Regarding non-conventional energy, China is still at the early
stage of exploitation and utilization, with a great potential for
development. As for renewable energy, China has only just
started in its exploitation and utilization, so there is immense
room for development in this regard. Good prospects are also
seen for conserving, making comprehensive use of and
recycling resources.
To increase its energy supply capacity, China will take the
following measures:
-- Developing the coal industry in an orderly way. Coal is a
basic energy in China, and it is an urgent need to increase the
supply capacity, optimize the energy mix, ensure coal mining
safety, reduce environmental pollution, increase resource
utilization efficiency and build a new coal industry system, so
as to guarantee the development of the national economy. China
will step up its efforts in prospecting coal resources, render
support to large coal mining bases in conducting resource
surveys and detailed geological surveys, set standards for
commercial prospecting, improve the level of guarantee for coal
resources, and steadily push forward the building of large coal
mining bases. By merger and reorganization of enterprises, the

country will bring into being some large coal mining
conglomerates each with a total annual production capability of
100 million tons. It will continue to push forward the
development and integration of coal resources by renovating
medium- and small-sized coal mines and closing down, in
accordance with the law, small ones not conforming to
industrial policies, with poor safety conditions, wasting
resources and harming the environment, so as to further
optimize the structure of the coal industry. It will promote the
coordinated development of related industries, and encourage
coal- electricity joint operation or coal-electricity- transport
integrated management, so as to extend the coal industry chain.
It will further mechanize coalmines and enhance overall
mechanization in coal mining, promote the clean production and
utilization of coal, encourage R&D and spreading of clean coal
technologies, and quicken the research into and demonstration
of substitute liquid fuels. China will actively develop a circular
economy, step up efforts in environmental protection, promote
the comprehensive utilization of resources, and accelerate the
industrialized development of coal-bed gas. It will strengthen
the building of the coal transport system and steadily increase
the coal transport capacity. It will establish a responsibility
system for safe production, beef up safety installations and put
more money into gas prevention and control, so as to improve
the level of safe production.
——积极发展电力。电力是高
-- Actively developing electric power. Electric power is a highly
效清洁的能源，建立经济、高效、
efficient and clean energy. It is also a basic requirement for the
稳定的电力供应体系，是保证国民
steady development of the national economy and society to
establish an economical, highly efficient and stable power
经济和社会稳定发展的基本要求。
supply system. China will optimize the power supply structure
中国坚持以结构调整为主线，优化
based on structural adjustment. On the basis of taking into
电源结构。在综合考虑资源、技术、
overall consideration such factors as resources, technology,
环保和市场等因素的基础上，优化
environmental protection and the market, the Chinese
发展煤电，建设大型煤电基地，鼓
government will develop clean coal-fired electric power by
励发展坑口电站，重点发展大型高
setting up large coal-fired power bases and encouraging the
效环保机组。积极发展热电联产，
building of power plants at pitheads, with emphasis on large,
加快淘汰落后的小火电机组。在保
highly efficient, environment-friendly power generating sets. It
will actively develop cogeneration of heat and power, and speed
护生态、妥善解决移民问题的条件
up elimination of small and backward thermal power units. On
下，大力发展水电。积极推进核电
the condition that the ecological environment is protected and
建设。适度发展天然气发电。鼓励
problems affecting local people are properly settled, energetic
可再生能源和新能源发电。加强区
efforts will be made to develop hydropower. It will also actively
域和输配电网络建设，扩大西电东
develop nuclear power, and appropriately develop natural gas
送规模。实行电力统一规划和调度，
power generation. It will encourage power generation with
建立健全电力安全应急体系，提高
renewable and new energy resources. It will strengthen the
电力系统的安全可靠性。继续加强
building of regional power grids and power transmission and
distribution networks and expand the scope of power
电力需求侧管理，实行节能调度，
transmission from western to eastern China. Uniform planning
努力提高能源利用效率。
and distribution of electric power will be adopted, and an
emergency response system for power safety will be set up to
enhance the safety and reliability of the power system. China
业兼并和重组，形成若干产能亿吨
级的大型企业集团。继续推进煤炭
资源开发整合，调 整改造中小煤矿，
依法关闭淘汰不符合产业政策、不
具备安全生产条件、浪费资源和破
坏环境的小煤矿，进一步优化煤炭
产业结构。促进与相关产业协调发
展，鼓励实行煤电联营或煤 电运一
体化经营，延伸煤炭产业链。提高
煤矿机械化水平和采煤综合机械化
程度，推进 煤炭的清洁生产和利用，
鼓励洁净煤技术的研发和推广，加
快替代液体燃料研究和示范。积极< br>发展循环经济，加强环境保护，促
进资源综合利用，加快煤层气产业
化发展。加强煤炭运 输体系建设，
稳步提高运输能力。建立安全生产
责任制，加大煤矿安全改造和瓦斯
防治 投入力度，不断提高安全生产
水平。

will continue to strengthen power demand-side management
(DSM), exert control over power use for the purpose of
conserving energy and work hard to increase energy utilization
efficiency.
——加快发展油气。中国继续
-- Expediting development of oil and gas. China will continue
实行油气并举的方针，稳定增加原
to implement the policy of development of oil
油产量，努力提高天然气产量。加
and gas,
increase the output of natural gas. The country will step up its
大石油天然气资源的勘探开发力
efforts in prospecting for and exploiting oil and natural gas,
度，重点加强渤海湾、松辽、塔里
with the focus on major oil and gas basins, including those of
木、鄂尔多斯等主要含油气盆地勘
Bohai Bay, Songliao, Tarim and Ordos, and actively explore
探开发，积极探索陆地新区、新领
new areas, fields and strata on the land and major sea areas, so
域、新层系和重点海域勘查，切实
as to increase the amount of recoverable reserves. It will tap the
增加可采储量。深入挖掘主要产油
potential of major oil- producing areas, improve renovation for
区的发展潜力，加强稳产改造，提
stable yields, increase the recovery ratio and slow down the
高采收率，延缓老油田产量递减。
yield decreasing trend in old oilfields. On the condition of
reasonable cost, it will actively develop coal-bed gas, oil shale
在经济合理的条件下，积极开发煤
and tar sand and other non-conventional energy resources. The
层气、油页岩、油砂等非常规能源。
country will expedite the construction of oil and gas pipeline
继续加快石油和天然气管网及配套
networks and supporting facilities and gradually improve the
设施建设，逐步完善全国油气管网。
national network of oil and gas pipelines.
——大力发展可再生能源。可
-- Vigorously developing renewable energy. China gives top
再生能源是中国能源优先发展的领
priority to developing renewable energy. The exploration and
域。可再生能源的开发利用，对增
utilization of renewable energy resources plays a significant
role in increasing energy supply, improving the energy mix and
加能源供应、改善能源结构、促进
helping environmental protection, and is also a strategic choice
环境保护具有重要作用，是解决能
of China to solve the contradiction between energy supply and
源供需矛盾和实现可持续发展的战
demand and achieve sustainable development. China has
略选择。中国已经颁布《可再生能
promulgated the Renewable Energy Law and priority policies
源法》，制定了可再生能源发电优先
for renewable energy electricity, entailing priority to be
上网、全额收购、价格优惠及社会
connected to grids, acquisition in full and preferential price, and
公摊的政策。建立了可再生能源发
public sharing of costs. It has earmarked special funds for
展专项资金，支持资源调查、技术
renewable energy development to support resource survey,
R&D of relevant technologies, building of pilot and
研发、试点示范工程建设和农村可
demonstration projects, as well as exploration and utilization of
再生能源开发利用。发布了《可再
renewable energy in rural China. It has released the Medium-
生能源中长期发展规划》，提出到
and Long-term Program for Renewable Energy Development,
2010年使可再生能源消费量达到能
putting forward the goal of increasing renewable energy
源消费总量的10%，到2020年达到
consumption to 10 percent of the total energy consumption by
15%的发展目标。中国将推进水电
2010 and 15 percent by 2020. China will further the
流域梯级综合开发，加快大型水电
comprehensive and cascade development of areas with
建设，因地制宜开发中小型水电，
hydropower resources, speed up the construction of large
hydropower stations, develop medium- and small-sized
适当建设抽水蓄能电站。推广太阳
hydropower stations based on local conditions, and construct
能热利用、沼气等成熟技术，提高
pumped-storage power stations under appropriate
市场占有率。积极推进风力发电、
circumstances. It will spread the latest technologies for the
生物质能和太阳能发电等利用技
utilization of solar energy, methane and other renewable energy
术，将建设若干个百万千瓦级风电sources, and increase their market shares. It will also actively
基地，以规模化带动产业化。积极
popularize technologies utilizing wind, biomass and solar
落实可再生能源发展的扶持和配套
energy for power generation, and build several million-kw wind
政策，培育持续稳定增长的可再生
power bases to achieve industrialization by means of scale

power generation. It will actively implement policies supporting
renewable energy development, foster a renewable energy
market featuring sustained and stable development, and
gradually establish and improve an industrial system and a
market and service system of renewable energy, so as to
promote renewable energy technological advance and industrial
development.
——加强农村能源建设。中国
-- Improving energy development in the rural areas. China has a
有7.5亿人口生活在农村，受经济和
rural population of 750 million. Due to economic and technical
技术水平的限制，仍有多数农村地
limitations, people in most rural areas still use traditional
biomass energy. It is an inevitable demand in the building of a
区依靠传统方式利用生物质能源。
new socialist countryside in all aspects to solve the energy
解决农村能源问题是全面建设社会
problem for the rural areas. This is also a problem unique to
主义新农村的必然要求，也是中国
China. The Chinese government sticks to the principle of
的一个特殊问题。中国政府坚持“因
based on local conditions, supplementation
地制宜，多能互补，综合利用，注
between multiple energy resources, comprehensive utilization
重实效”的原则，加强农村能源建
with focus on actual results,
设。中国通过实施“光明工程”、“农
development in the rural areas. The Chinese government has
网改造”、“水电农村电气化”和“送
improved the energy conditions for rural people's life and
production, and solved the power problem for over 30 million
电到乡”，同时充分利用小水电、风
rural people who had no access to electricity and in remote
力和太阳能发电，改善了农村生产
areas not connected to the grid, by carrying out the Lighting
生活用能条件，解决了3000多万农
Project, grid renovation,of
村无电人口及偏远无电地区的用电
hydropower- based rural areasand villages with
问题，基本实现了城乡同网同价。
the gridcampaigns, and making full use of small-sized
中国将继续积极发展农村户用沼
hydropower stations, wind energy and solar energy for power
气、生物质能利用、太阳能热利用
generation. Basically, rural and urban residents are connected to
等，为农村地区提供清洁的生活能
the same grid and pay the same rate. China will further actively
develop rural household methane and make better use of
源。继续推广应用省柴节能灶炕、
biomass and solar energy, so as to provide clean energy for the
小风电、微水电等农村小型能源设
rural people. It will continue popularizing firewood- and
施。继续增加农村优质化石能源的
energy-saving stoves and small energy facilities, such as small
供应，提高农村商品能源的消费比
windpower and hydropower stations, in rural areas. It will
重。继续加强农村电网建设，积极
increase the supply of high-quality fossil energy and increase
扩大电网覆盖范围。积极开展绿色
the proportion of commercial energy consumption in rural
能源示范县建设，加快推进农村可
areas. Continuous efforts will be made to strengthen the
construction of the rural grids to expand their coverage.
再生能源开发利用。
Moreover, China will actively build green-energy counties for
demonstration, and accelerate the exploration and utilization of
renewable energy resources in rural areas.
V. Accelerating the Progress of Energy Technologies
五、加快推进能源技术进步
科学技术是第一生产力，是能
Science and technology is the primary productive force and the
源发展的动力源泉。中国高度重视
main motive force of energy development. China sets great
能源科技的发展，能源工业的技术
store by the development of energy science and technology, and
has narrowed its technological gap with the developed countries
水平与发达国家的差距进一步缩
in the energy industry and effectively promoted the overall
小，有效地促进了能源工业的全面
development of the energy industry. The Chinese government
发展。2005年，中国政府制定了《国
promulgated the Outline of the National Plan for Medium- and
家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲
Long-term Scientific and Technological Development
要》，把能源技术放在优先发展位
(2006-2010) in 2005, which gives top priority to the
置，按照自主创新、重点跨越、支
development of energy technologies, and, in line with the
能源市场，逐步建立和 完善可再生
能源产业体系和市场及服务体系，
促进可再生能源技术进步和产业发
展。

principle of making independent innovations and leapfrogging
development in key fields, shoring up the economy and keeping
in step with leading trends, stresses accelerating progress of
energy technologies and strives to provide technological support
for the sustainable energy development.
中国遵循科技发展规律和特
Following the laws and traits of scientific and technological
点，积极开发和推广节约、替代、
development, China actively develops and popularizes
循环利用和治理污染的先进适用技
advanced and applicable technologies in the fields of energy
saving, substitution, recycling and pollution control, and is
术，为能源技术进步创造良好的政
creating a favorable policy environment for the progress of
策环境。逐步建立企业为主体、市
energy technologies. The Chinese government strives to
场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创
gradually establish a market-oriented system for technological
新体系。大力组织先进能源技术的
innovation, in which enterprises play the leading role and which
研发和推广应用，通过市场机制，
combines the efforts of enterprises, universities and research
引导企业加快技术进步，提高能源
institutes. It vigorously promotes R&D and the application of
利用效率。大力加强能源科技人才
advanced energy technologies, guides enterprises to expedite
培养，注重完善政策法规和技术标
technological progress and enhance energy utilization efficiency
through the market mechanism. It strengthens the training of
准，为能源技术发展创造良好条件。
talented people in energy science and technology, and improves
policies, laws and regulations, and technical standards in this
respect to create favorable conditions for the development of
energy technologies.
——大力推广节能技术。中国
-- Popularizing energy-saving technologies. China gives priority
把节能技术作为能源技术发展的优
to the development of energy-saving technologies, with focus
先主题，重点攻克高耗能领域的节
on key technologies in the high energy-consumption sectors, to
enhance the utilization efficiency of primary and end-use energy
能关键技术，大力提高一次能源和
resources; implements the policy outline on energy-saving
终端能源利用效率。实施节能技术
technologies and guides social investment into the application
政策大纲，引导社会投资节能技术
of energy-saving technologies; places emphasis on R&D of
应用。重点研究开发工业、交通运
energy-saving technologies and equipment for industry,
输、建筑等领域的节能技术与设备，
transport and construction, and the application of technologies
以及可再生能源与建筑一体化、节
connected with integrated renewable energy systems and
能建材等应用技术。加强能源计量、
energy-saving construction materials; strengthens energy
控制、监督与管理，积极培育节能
measurement, control, supervision and management; and
actively fosters an energy-saving technological service system.
技术服务体系。
——推进关键技术创新。中国
-- Spurring innovation in key technologies. China encourages
鼓励发展洁净煤技术，推进煤炭气
the development of clean coal technology, reinforces R&D of
化及加工转化等先进技术的研究开
advanced technologies, such as coal gasification, processing and
conversion, popularizes advanced power generation
发，推广整体煤气化联合循环、超
technologies, including integrated gasification combined cycle
（超）临界、大型循环流化床等先
(IGCC), supercritical and ultra-supercritical power generation,
进发电技术，发展以煤气化为基础
and large-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB), and develops
的多联产技术。重点掌握第三代大
coal gasification-based poly-generation technology. China
型压水堆核电技术，攻克高温气冷
attaches particular importance to mastering the third-generation
堆工业实验技术。积极发展复杂地
pressurized-water reactor (PWR) nuclear power generation and
质油气资源勘探开发和低品位油气
high temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGR) for industrial
资源高效开发技术。鼓励发展替代
experimental technologies. It actively develops technologies in
connection with prospecting for and exploitation of petroleum
能源技术，优先发展可再生能源规
and gas resources under complicated geographical conditions,
模化利用技术。稳步推进正负800
and highly efficient exploitation of low-grade petroleum and
千伏直流输电和1000千伏交流特高
gas resources; encourages the development of technology for
撑发展、引领未来的方针， 加快推
进能源技术进步，努力为能源的可
持续发展提供技术支撑。

substitutes of energy resources, gives priority to the
development of technologies for large-scale utilization of
renewable energy; and steadily improves the technology of
power transmission at voltages of ?à 800 kv DC and 1,000 kv
AC and power grid safety technology.
——提升装备制造水平。装备
-- Enhancing equipment manufacturing level. The equipment
制造业是能源技术发展的基础。中
manufacturing industry is the foundation of the development of
国依托国家能源重点工程，带动装
energy technologies. China gives impetus to the technological
progress of the equipment manufacturing industry through key
备制造业的技术进步。鼓励发展煤
state projects. The Chinese government encourages the
矿综合采掘设备，研制大型煤炭井
development of comprehensive excavation machinery in coal
下综合采掘、提升、运输和洗选设
mining, large comprehensive mining, hoisting, transport and
备，以及大型露天矿设备。鼓励发
washing equipment for underground coal mining, and
展大型煤化工成套设备，研制煤炭
heavy-duty open-pit mining machinery. It supports the
液化和气化、煤制烯烃等成套设备。
development of complete sets of large equipment for coal
鼓励发展大型高效清洁发电装备，
chemicals as well as R&D of coal liquefaction and gasification,
发展煤电高效发电机组、大型水电
and coal-to-olefin conversion equipment, the development of
high- efficiency and low-pollution power generation equipment,
及抽水蓄能机组、重型燃气轮机、
high-efficiency coal-fired power generation units, hydropower
先进百万千瓦级压水堆核电机组、
and pumped-storage units, heavy-duty gas turbines, PWR
大功率风力发电机组等，以及特高
nuclear power generation units with a capacity of one million
压输变电设备。鼓励发展石油天然
kw, high-power wind-driven generators, and superhigh-power
气勘探、钻采装备，支持大型海洋
transmission and transformation machinery. It encourages the
石油工程设备、30万吨原油运输船、
development of oil and natural gas prospecting and drilling
液化天然气运输船及大功率柴油机
equipment and support equipment for large offshore oil
projects, crude oil carriers with a capacity of 300,000 dwt,
等配套设备。
liquefied natural gas carriers and high-power diesel engines.
——加强前沿技术研究。前沿
-- Strengthening frontier technology research. Frontier
技术是能源发展的潜力，能够引领
technology, as a new potential driving force for energy
能源产业和能源技术实现跨越式发
development, can blaze the way for the leapfrogging
development of energy industry and technologies. China
展。中国重点研究化石能源、生物
focuses on research into conversion from fossil, biomass and
质能源和可再生能源制氢、经济高
renewable energy resources to hydrogen, and high-efficiency
效储氢及输配技术，研究燃料电池
hydrogen storage, transmission and distribution technology. It
基础关键部件制备及电堆集成、燃
also conducts research into the technology for the
料电池发电及车用动力系统集成技
manufacturing of basic and key components of fuel cells,
术等。研究突破化石能源微小型燃
integration of fuel cell stacks, fuel cell power generation and
气轮机等终端能源转换、储能及热
automotive fuel cell power systems, and strives to make
电冷三联产技术。加快研发气冷快
breakthroughs in the technology for the end-use energy
conversion, storage and combined cooling, heating and power
堆设计及核心技术。积极研究磁约
projection of fossil energy-based micro-miniature gas turbine
束核聚变和天然气水合物开发技
systems. Meanwhile, the country is speeding up research into
术。
the engineering and core technology of gas- cooled faster
reactors (GFR), and technology for developing magnetic
confinement fusion (MCF) and natural gas hydrate technology.
——开展基础科学研究。基础
-- Developing basic scientific research. Basic research is the
研究是自主创新的源头，决定能源
source of independent innovation and it determines the strength
发展的实力和后劲。中国重点研究
and potential of energy development. China concentrates on
research into the basic theories of the high-efficiency and
化石能源高效洁净利用与转化的基
low-pollution utilization and conversion of fossil energy, key
础理论，高性能热功转换、高效节
principles of high- efficiency heat-work conversion,
能储能的关键原理，规模化利用可
压输电技术，以及增强电网安全技
术。

high-efficiency energy saving and storage, basic technology for
large-scale utilization of renewable energy, and basic theories
concerning technology for large-scale utilization of nuclear and
hydrogen energy resources.
六、促进能源与环境协调发展
VI. Coordinating Energy and Environment Development
气候变化是国际社会普遍关心
Climate change is a significant global issue of worldwide
的重大全球性问题。气候变化既是
concern. It is both an environmental and development issue, and
环境问题，也是发展问题，归根到
intrinsically a development issue. The large-scale exploitation
and utilization of energy resources is one of the major causes of
底是发展问题。能源的大量开发和
environmental pollution and climate change. Appropriate
利用，是造成环境污染和气候变化
handling of the relationship between the exploitation and
的主要原因之一。正确处理好能源
utilization of energy resources on the one hand, and
开发利用与环境保护和气候变化的
environmental protection and climate change on the other, is an
关系，是世界各国迫切需要解决的
urgent issue facing all countries. China is a developing country
问题。中国是处于工业化初期的发
in the primary stage of industrialization, and with low
展中国家，历史累计排放少，从1950
accumulative emissions. From 1950 to 2002, the aggregate
年到2002年，中国化石燃料二氧化
amount of China's fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions
accounted for only 9.3 percent of the world's total in the same
碳排放只占同期世界排放量的
period. The amount of China's per-capita carbon dioxide
9.3%，人均二氧化碳排放量居世界
emissions ranked 92nd in the world, and the elasticity
第92位，单位GDP二氧化碳排放
coefficient of carbon dioxide emissions per-unit GDP was very
弹性系数也很小。
small.
中国作为负责任的发展中国
As a responsible developing country, China attaches great
家，高度重视环境保护和全球气候
importance to environmental protection and prevention of
变化。中国政府将保护环境作为一
global climate change. The Chinese government has made
项基本国策，签署了《联合国气候
environmental protection a fundamental state policy, signed the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,
变化框架公约》，成立了国家气候变
established the National Coordination Committee for Climate
化对策协调机构，提交了《气候变
Change, submitted to the UN the Initial National
化初始国家信息通报》，建立了《清
Communication on Climate Change of the People's Republic of
洁发展机制项目管理办法》，制订了
China, worked out the Management Measures on the
《中国应对气候变化国家方案》，并
Implementation of Clean Development Mechanism Projects,
采取了一系列与保护环境和应对气
formulated the National Climate Change Program, and adopted
候变化相关的政策和措施。中国提
a series of proactive policies and measures regarding
environmental protection and climate change. China aims to
出“十一五”时期要实现生态环境
achieve the goal of basically curbing the trend of ecological
恶化趋势基本遏制，主要污染物排
deterioration, reducing total emissions of major pollutants by 10
放总量减少10%，温室气体排放控
percent, and gain visible results in the control of greenhouse gas
制取得成效的目标。中国正在积极
emissions during its 11th Five-Year Plan period (2006-2010).
调整经济结构和能源结构，全面推
Meanwhile, the country is actively adjusting its economic and
进能源节约，重点预防和治理环境
energy structures, comprehensively advancing energy saving,
污染的突出问题，有效控制污染物
emphatically preventing and controlling the pressing problems
排放，促进能源与环境协调发展。
of environmental pollution, and effectively controlling
emissions of pollutants to facilitate coordinated development
between energy and the environment.
——全面控制温室气体排放。
-- Comprehensive control of greenhouse gas emissions. China is
中国加快转变经济发展方式，积极
expediting the transformation of its economic development
发挥能源节约和优化能源结构在减
mode, giving full play to the role of energy saving and
optimization of energy structure in slowing climate change, and
缓气候变化中的作用，努力降低化
endeavoring to cut fossil energy consumption. It is vigorously
石能源消耗。大力发展循环经济，
developing a circular economy, fostering the comprehensive
再生能源的基础技术，规模利用核
能、氢能技术等基础理论。

utilization of resources, enhancing the utilization efficiency of
energy, reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It continuously
improves the capability of addressing climate change with the
aid of scientific and technological progress, thereby making
positive contributions to the environmental protection of the
Earth.
——大力防治生态破坏和环境
-- Energetically fighting ecological destruction and
污染。中国将更加重视能源特别是
environmental pollution. China will pay more attention to the
煤炭的清洁利用，并作为环境保护
clean utilization of energy resources, especially coal, and make
it a focus of environmental protection, energetically combating
的重点，积极防治生态破坏和环境
ecological destruction and environmental pollution. The country
污染。加快采煤沉陷区的治理和煤
is quickening its pace of control of coal mining subsidence
层气的开发利用，建立并完善煤炭
areas and the exploitation and utilization of coal-bed gas, and
资源开发和生态环境恢复补偿机
establishes and improves the compensation mechanism for the
制。推进煤炭的有序开采，限制开
exploitation of coal resources and restoration of the
采高硫高灰分煤炭、禁止开采含放
eco-environment. It promotes the orderly exploitation of coal
射性和砷等有毒有害物质超过规定
resources, restricts the exploitation of high-sulfur and high-ash
标准的煤炭。积极发展洁净煤技术，
coal, forbids mining coal with toxic and harmful substances,
such as arsenic and radiotoxins, exceeding permissible limits. It
鼓励实施煤炭洗选、加工转化、洁
actively develops clean coal technology and encourages the
净燃烧、烟气净化等技术。加快燃
application of coal washing, processing, conversion,
煤电厂脱硫设施建设，新建燃煤电
clean-burning and smoke- purifying technologies. At the same
厂必须根据排放标准安装并使用脱
time, it is expediting the construction of desulfurizing facilities
硫装置，现有燃煤电厂加快脱硫改
in coal-fired power plants, requiring that newly built coal-fired
造。在大中城市及近郊，严禁新建
power plants must install and use desulfurizing facilities
according to the permissible emission standards, and such
纯发电的燃煤电厂。
existing plants must speed up their desulfurization upgrading.
The Chinese government strictly prohibits the construction of
new coal-fired power plants for the sole purpose of power
generation in medium and large cities or on their outskirts.
——积极防治机动车尾气污
-- Proactive prevention of motor vehicle emission pollution. The
染。随着汽车工业的发展和人民生
development of the automobile industry and the improvement
活水平的提高，中国机动车保有量
of the people's livelihood have led to a rapid growth in the
number of motor vehicles. Consequently, preventing motor
迅速增加，防治机动车尾气污染成
vehicle emission pollution has been put high on the
为环境保护的重要内容。中国正在
environmental protection agenda. China is actively taking
积极采取有效措施，严格实施机动
effective measures to this end: strictly enforcing vehicle
车排放标准，加强环保一致性检查，
emission standards; intensifying inspection for the
确保新生产机动车稳定达标；严格
environment-friendly production of vehicles; strictly
实施在用机动车环保年检制度；严
implementing the annual emission inspection system for motor
格禁止制造、销售和进口超过排放
vehicles; strictly forbidding manufacture, sale and import of
标准的机动车；鼓励生产和使用低
motor vehicles exceeding the emission limits. At the same time,
China encourages the production and use of vehicles burning
污染的清洁燃料机动车，鼓励生产
clean fuels, and the production of hybrid electric vehicles, and
混合动力汽车，支持发展轨道交通
supports the development of rail transport and electric buses.
和电动公交车。
——严格能源项目的环境管
-- Exercising strict environmental management of energy
理。加强对能源项目的环境管理，
projects. Strengthening the environmental management of
是实现能源建设与环境保护协调发
energy projects is an effective measure to ensure coordinated
development between energy construction and environmental
展的有效措施。中国严格执行环境
protection. China strictly enforces the environmental impact
影响评价制度，通过严格环境准入
assessment system, restrains extensive mode of economic
促进资源的综合利用 ，提高能源利
用效率，减少温室气体排放。依靠
科学技术进步，不断提高应对气候
变化 的能力，为保护地球环境作出
积极贡献。

growth by exercising a strict environment access system. It
ensures simultaneous design, construction and launching of
environmental protection facilities at new, expansion and
rebuilding projects, intensifies safe management of nuclear
power projects, reinforces supervision and management of the
safety and radiation environment of nuclear power plants,
research reactors and fuel cycle facilities in operation, and
practices meticulous safety examination and supervision of
nuclear power facilities under construction. It further enhances
environmental protection efforts in the construction of
hydropower projects, pays equal attention to the requirements of
comprehensive development and utilization of river basins
while protecting the environment, and increasing the level of
comprehensive utilization of water resources and
eco- environmental benefits.
VII. Deepening Energy System Reform
七、深化能源体制改革
改善发展环境是中国能源发展
Improving the environment for development is an intrinsic
的内在要求。中国按照完善社会主
requirement of China's energy development. In accordance with
义市场经济体制的要求，稳步推进
the requirements of perfecting the socialist market economy,
China is steadily advancing its energy system reform to promote
能源体制改革，促进能源事业发展。
the development of the energy industry. In 1998, strategic
1998年实现了石油企业的战略性重
reorganization was accomplished among petroleum enterprises,
组，建立了上下游一体化的新型石
featuring the establishment of new vertically integrated
油工业管理体制。2002年按照电力
management system of oil industry. In 2002, China's power
体制改革方案，电力工业实现了政
industry realized the separation of government functions from
企分开、厂网分开。煤炭工业市场
those of enterprises, as well as the separation of power plants
化改革后，2005年又按照国务院《关
from grid operation in line with the power system reform plan.
于促进煤炭工业健康发展的若干意
In 2005, after the market- oriented reform of the coal industry,
China's coal industry saw deepened reform and further
见》深化改革和发展。中国正在按
development pursuant to the Opinions on Promoting the
照观念创新、管理创新、体制创新
Healthy Development of the Coal Industry issued by the State
和机制创新的要求，进一步深化能
Council. China is further deepening reform of the energy
源体制改革，提高能源市场化程度，
system, elevating the energy marketization level, improving the
完善能源宏观调控体系，不断改善
energy macro-control system, and improving the environment
for energy development in accordance with the requirements of
能源发展环境。
innovation in concept, management, system and mechanism.
——加强能源立法。完善能源
-- Strengthening energy legislation. It is an imperative
法律制度，为增加能源供应、规范
requirement for energy development in China to improve the
能源市场、优化能源结构、维护能
energy-related legal system to provide a legal guarantee for
increasing the energy supply, standardizing the energy market,
源安全提供法律保障，是中国能源
optimizing the energy structure and maintaining energy security.
发展的必然要求。中国高度重视并
China sets great store by and actively advances the construction
积极推进能源法律制度建设，《清洁
of the energy legal system. China has enacted and put in force
生产促进法》、《可再生能源法》已
the Clean Production Promotion Law and Renewable Energy
经颁布实施，配套政策措施陆续出
Law, and has issued a series of supporting policies and
台；修订后的《节约能源法》已经
measures. The amended Energy Conservation Law has been
公布；《能源法》、《循环经济法》、《石
promulgated. The Energy Law, Circular Economy Law, Law on
油天然气管道保护法》及《建筑节
the Protection of Oil and Natural Gas Pipelines and Regulations
on Energy Conservation of Buildings are being formulated. The
能条例》正在抓紧制订；《矿产资源
Mineral Resources Law, Coal Industry Law, and Electric Power
法》、《煤炭法》和《电力法》正在
Law are being revised. Meanwhile, active efforts have been
制 度抑制粗放型经济增长。新建、
扩建和改建能源工程项目建设与环
境保护设施同时设计、同时施 工、
同时投入使用。加强核电项目的安
全管理，强化对已运行核电站、研
究堆、核燃料 循环设施的安全与辐
射环境的监督管理，积极做好在建
核电设施安全评审和监督工作。进
一步加强水电建设中的生态环境保
护，在满足江河流域综合开发利用
的要求下，在保护中开发 ，在开发
中保护，注重提高水资源的综合利
用和生态环境效益。

< br>抓紧修订。同时，也正在积极着手
研究石油天然气、原油市场和原子
能等能源领域的立法 。
——强化安全生产。中国在能
源发展过程中，高度重视维护人民
的生命安全， 继续采取切实有效措
施，坚决遏制重特大安全事故频发
势头。中国坚持预防为主、安全第
一、综合治理的原则，进一步加大
煤矿瓦斯治理和综合利用力度，依
法整顿关闭不具备安全生 产条件的
小煤矿。继续加大煤矿安全监管力
度，引导地方和企业加强煤矿安全
技术改造 和安全基础设施建设。全
面加强安全生产教育，增强安全责
任意识。继续加强电力安全、油气< br>生产安全，强化监督管理，实行国
家监察、地方监管、企业负责的安
全生产工作体系。进 一步落实安全
生产责任制，严格安全生产执法，
严肃责任追究制度。
made in research into energy legislation concerning oil and
natural gas, the crude oil market and atomic energy.

-- Reinforcing production safety. In the course of energy
development, China pays high attention to safeguarding the
lives and health of the people, and takes effective measures to
halt the trend of frequent occurrences of serious accidents. It
adheres to the principle of giving top priority to safety, placing
the main emphasis on prevention, and exercising
comprehensive control. It has intensified efforts in the control
and comprehensive utilization of coal gas, and rectified and shut
down small coalmines lacking conditions for safe production. It
has enforced safety supervision of coalmines, and guided local
governments and enterprises to intensify efforts in technological
upgrading for coalmine safety and the construction of safety
facilities. It comprehensively carries out education on safe
production to enhance the sense of responsibility for safety,
continues to consolidate electric power safety and petroleum
and gas production safety, intensifies supervision and
management measures, and practices a working system in
which production safety is supervised by the state and
administered by local governments while enterprises take the
responsibility. It further implements the safe production
responsibility system, and enforces rigorous safe production
laws and regulations and a related accountability system.
——完善应急体系。能源安全
-- Improving the emergency response system. As an important
是经济安全的重要方面，直接影响
aspect of economic security, energy security has a direct bearing
国家安全和社会稳定。中国实行电
on national security and social stability. China practices unified
power dispatch, hierarchical power management and operation
力统一调度、分级管理、分区运行，
of power grids by regions. A safety responsibility system with
统筹安排电网运行。建立了政府部
division of work among government departments, supervision
门、监管机构和电力企业分工负责
organs and power enterprises has been established, in which the
的安全责任体系，电网和发电企业
power grids and power generation enterprises work out
建立应对大规模突发事故的应急预
emergency response plans to cope with large-scale emergencies.
案。按照统一规划、分步实施的原
Following the principle of unified planning and step-by-step
则，建设国家石油储备基地，扩大
implementation, China has built national oil reserve bases and
石油储备能力。逐步建立石油和天
expanded its oil reserve capacity. It has gradually established a
guarantee system for oil and natural gas supply emergencies to
然气供应应急保障体系，确保供应
ensure secure supplies of energy.
安全。
——加快市场体系建设。中国
-- Accelerating market system construction. China sticks to the
继续坚持改革开放，充分发挥市场
policy of reform and opening-up, gives full play to the basic
配置资源的基础性作用，鼓励多种
role of the market in allocating resources, encourages the
entrance of entities of various ownerships into the energy field,
经济成分进入能源领域，积极推动
and actively facilitates market-oriented reform related to energy.
能源市场化改革。全面完善煤炭市
It has improved the coal market system in an all-round manner,
场体系，构建政企分开、公平竞争、
established an open, orderly and healthy power market system
开放有序、健康有序的电力市场体
characterized by separating government functions from those of
系，加快石油天然气流通体制改革，
enterprises and fair competition, paced up reform of the oil and
natural gas circulation system, and promoted the healthy and
促进能源市场健康有序发展。
orderly development of the energy market.

-- Deepening reform of management system. China has stepped
up efforts in the reform of its energy management system,
improved the national energy management system and
decision-making mechanism, strengthened unified planning and
coordination among state departments and local governments,
and consolidated the state's overall planning and macro-control
in the field of energy development, with the focus on changing
functions, straightening out relations, optimizing the setup and
raising efficiency, so as to form a management system that
centralizes control to an appropriate degree, divides work in a
rational way, fosters scientific decision-making, and ensures
smooth enforcement and effective oversight. The Chinese
government has furthered the transformation of government
functions, giving priority to guidance by policy measures and
attaching importance to information services. It has deepened
the reform of the energy investment system, and established and
improved the investment regulation and control system. It has
further strengthened standardized management of energy
resources, improved the management system of mineral
resources development and exploitation, put in place and
improved the system for paid use of mineral resources and the
system of trade in mining rights, and rectified and regulated the
order of mineral resources exploitation market.
——推进价格机制改革。价格
-- Advancing price mechanism reform. The price mechanism is
机制是市场机制的核心。中国政府
the core of the market mechanism. On the premise of properly
在妥善处理不同利益群体关系、充
handling the relations among various interest groups and taking
full account of the acceptability of all social sectors, the Chinese
分考虑社会各方面承受能力的情况
government has advanced energy price reform in a vigorous yet
下，积极稳妥地推进能源价格改革，
steady way, gradually established a pricing mechanism that is
逐步建立能够反映资源稀缺程度、
able to reflect resource scarcities, changes in market supply and
市场供求关系和环境成本的价格形
demand, and environmental costs. It has deepened coal price
成机制。深化煤炭价格改革，全面
reform to realize all-round marketization. It has propelled
实现市场化。推进电价改革，逐步
electricity tariff reform to ensure that electricity generation and
做到发电和售电价格由市场竞争形
selling prices are eventually formed by market competition,
成、输电和配电价格由政府监管。
with the electricity transmission and distribution prices being
supervised and controlled by the state. It has improved step by
逐步完善石油、天然气定价机制，
step the oil and natural gas pricing mechanism to timely reflect
及时反映国际市场价格变化和国内
changes in international market prices and domestic market
市场供求关系。
supply and demand.
八、加强能源领域的国际合作
VIII. Strengthening International Cooperation in the Field of
Energy
中国的发展离不开世界，世界
China's development cannot be achieved without cooperation
的繁荣需要中国。随着经济全球化
with the rest of the world, and the prosperity of the world needs
的深入发展，中国在能源发展方面
China as well. With accelerating economic globalization, China
has forged increasingly closer ties with the outside world in the
与世界联系日益紧密。中国的能源
field of energy. China's development of energy has not only
发展不仅满足了本国经济社会发展
satisfied its own needs for economic and social progress, but
的需求，也给世界各国带来了发展
also brought opportunities and tremendous space for
机遇和广阔的发展空间。
development to the rest of the world.
中国是国际能源合作的积极参
China is an active participant in international energy
与者。在多边合作方面，中国是亚
cooperation. In multilateral cooperation, China is a member of
——深化管理体制改革。中国
加强能源管理体制改革，完善国家
能源管理体制和决 策机制，加强部
门、地方及相互间的统筹协调，强
化国家能源发展的总体规划和宏观
调 控，着力转变职能、理顺关系、
优化结构、提高效能，形成适当集
中、分工合理、决策科学、执 行顺
畅、监管有力的管理体制。进一步
转变政府职能，注重政策引导，重
视信息服务。 深化能源投资体制改
革，建立和完善投资调控体系。进
一步强化能源资源的规范管理，完
善矿产资源开发管理体制，建立健
全矿产资源有偿使用和矿业权交易
制度，整顿和规范矿产资 源开发市
场秩序。

the energy working group of the Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation (APEC), Association of Southeast Asian Nations
(ASEAN) plus China, Japan and ROK (10+3) Energy
Cooperation, International Energy Forum, World Energy
Conference, and Asia- Pacific Partnership for Clean
Development and Climate. It is an observer of the Energy
Charter, and maintains close relations with such international
organizations as the World Energy Agency and the Organization
of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Regarding bilateral
cooperation, China has established a mechanism for dialogue
and cooperation in the field of energy with a number of energy
consuming and producing countries, such as the US, Japan and
Russia, and the European Union. It has intensified dialogue and
cooperation regarding energy exploration, utilization,
technology and environmental protection, as well as renewable
energy and new energy resources, and has had extensive
dialogues and exchanges with them in such aspects as energy
policy and information data. In international cooperation in the
field of energy, China has not only shouldered a wide range of
international obligations, but also played an active and
constructive role.
中国积极完善对外开放的法律
China has made active efforts to improve laws and policies
政策，先后颁布了《中外合资经营
related to its opening-up, promulgating in succession the Law
企业法》、《中外合作经营企业法》
on Sino-foreign Equity Joint Ventures, Law on Sino-foreign
Cooperative Joint Ventures and Law on Foreign Capital
和《外资企业法》，努力营造公平、
Enterprises to create a fair and open environment for foreign
开放的外商投资环境。2002年制定
investment. In 2002, China formulated the Regulations for the
了《指导外商投资方向规定》，2004
Guidance of Foreign Investment Orientation, and revised the
年修订了《外商投资产业指导目录》
Catalogue of Industrial Guidance for Foreign Investment and
和《中西部地区外商投资优势产业
the Catalogue of Advantageous Industries for Foreign
目录》，鼓励外商投资能源及相关的
Investment in the Central and Western Regions in 2004, in order
采掘、生产、供应及运输领域，鼓
to encourage foreign investment in the energy sector, including
励投资设备制造产业，鼓励外商投
energy and energy-related exploitation, production, supply,
transportation and energy equipment production, as well as in
资中西部地区能源产业。
the energy sector of the central and western regions.
——完善油气资源勘探开发的
-- Improving external cooperation in the exploration and
对外合作。中国在石油天然气资源
development of oil and gas resources. China has implemented a
领域，实行以产品分成合同为基础
cooperative mode based on product-sharing contracts with other
countries in the field of oil and gas resources. In 2001, China
的对外合作模式。2001年，中国公
promulgated the revised Rules on External Cooperation for
布了修订后的《对外合作开采海洋
Ocean Oil Exploitation as well as Rules on External
石油资源条例》和《对外合作开采
Cooperation for Onshore Oil Exploitation. China protects the
陆上石油资源条例》，依法保护参与
legitimate rights and interests of foreign business people
合作开采的外商合法权益。鼓励外
participating in collaborative oil exploitation. It encourages
商参与石油和天然气的风险勘探、
foreign business people to participate in cooperation in oil
低渗透油气藏（田）、提高老油田采
exploration and development, such as risk exploration for oil
收率等石油勘探开发领域的合作。
and natural gas, low- permeability oil and gas reservoirs (fields),
and the improvement of the recovery rate of old oilfields. It
鼓励外商投资输油（气）管道、油
encourages foreign investment in the construction and operation
（气）库及专用码头的建设与经营。
of oil and gas pipelines, as well as special oil and gas storages
and port berths.
太经济合作组织能源工作组、东盟
与中日韩（10+3）能源合作 、国际
能源论坛、世界能源大会及亚太清
洁发展和气候新伙伴计划的正式成
员，是能源 宪章的观察员，与国际
能源机构、石油输出国组织等国际
组织保持着密切联系。在双边合作方面，中国与美国、日本、欧盟、
俄罗斯等许多能源消费国和生产国
都建立了能源对话与合 作机制，在
能源开发、利用、技术、环保、可
再生能源和新能源等领域加强对话
与合作 ，在能源政策、信息数据等
方面开展广泛的沟通与交流。在国
际能源合作中，中国既承担着广泛
的国际义务，也发挥着积极的建设
性作用。

——鼓励 外商投资勘探开发非
常规能源资源。2000年，中国发布
了《关于进一步鼓励外商投资勘查< br>开采非油气矿产资源的若干意见》，
进一步开放非油气资源的探矿权、
采矿权市场。允许 外商在中国境内
以独资或与中方合作的方式进行风
险勘探。外商投资开采回收共、伴
生 矿、利用尾矿以及西部地区开采
矿产资源的，可以享受减免矿产资
源补偿费的优惠政策。进一步 改善
对外商投资勘查开采非油气资源的
管理和服务。
——鼓励外商投资和经营电 站
等能源设施。中国鼓励外商投资电
力、煤气的生产和供应。鼓励投资
单机容量60万 千瓦及以上火电、煤
炭洁净燃烧发电、热电联产、发电
为主的水电、中方控股的核电，以
及可再生能源和新能源发电等电站
的建设与经营。鼓励外商投资规模
容量以上的火电、水电、 核电及火
电脱硫技术与设备制造。鼓励投资
煤炭管道运输设施的建设与经营。
— —进一步优化外商投资环
境。中国政府信守加入世界贸易组
织的有关承诺，在能源管理方面，< br>清理了与世界贸易组织规则不一致
的行政法规和部门规章。按照世界
贸易组织的透明度要 求，放宽了公
益性地质资料的范围，并将进一步
加强能源政策的对外发布，完善能
源数 据统计系统，及时公布能源统
计数据，确保能源政策、统计数据
以及资料信息的公开与透明。
——进一步拓宽利用外资领
域。中国吸引外商投资开发利用能
源资源，注重引进国 外先进技术、
管理经验和高素质人才，进一步实
现从投资化石能源资源向可再生能
源的 转变，从注重勘查开发领域向
-- Encouraging foreign investment in exploration and
development of unconventional energy resources. In 2000,
China promulgated the Opinions on Further Encouraging
Foreign Investment in Exploring and Exploiting
Non-oil-and-gas Mineral Resources, further opening up its
market in this regard. China allows foreign investors, either by
themselves or in collaboration with Chinese counterparts, to
conduct risk exploration on its territory. Foreign investors who
invest in exploring and recovering paragenetic and associated
minerals and utilizing tailing or exploring mineral resources in
China's western regions are entitled to enjoy the preferential
policy of reduction of or exemption from mineral resources
compensation fees. Further efforts are being made to improve
management of and services to foreign investment in the
exploration and exploitation of non-oil-and-gas mineral
resources.
-- Encouraging foreign investors to invest in and operate energy
facilities such as power plants. China encourages foreign
investment in the production and supply of electric power and
gas, as well as in the construction and operation of thermal
power plants with a single-generator capacity of 600,000-kw
and above, power stations burning clean coal, power stations
featuring heat and power cogeneration, hydropower stations
mainly for electricity production, nuclear power stations in
which the Chinese side holds the dominant share, as well as
power stations with renewable energy or new energy resources.
It encourages foreign investors to invest in technology and
equipment production for thermal, hydro and nuclear power
stations with a considerably large generating capacity as well as
for thermal power desulphurization. It also encourages them to
invest in the construction and operation of coal pipeline
transportation facilities.
-- Further improving the environment for foreign investment.
The Chinese government has kept its commitments to the WTO
made when it joined the organization and has sorted out and
rectified administrative regulations and departmental rules
concerning energy management that are inconsistent with the
WTO rules. In light of the demand of transparency of the WTO,
China has relaxed control over the scope of geological data of a
public welfare nature, strengthened the work of releasing energy
policies, improved the energy data and statistics system and
promptly released energy statistics, so as to ensure the openness
and transparency of energy policies, statistics and information.
-- Further expanding the scope of foreign investment. In
bringing in foreign investment for the development and
utilization of energy resources, China pays primary attention to
introducing foreign advanced technology, management
experience and people of high caliber to further shifting the
focus from investing in fossil energy resources to renewable
resources, from emphasizing exploration and development to

更多地发展服务贸易转变，从主要
依靠对外借贷和外国直接投资向直
接利用国际资本市场方式转变。
在今后相当长一段时间 内，国
际能源贸易仍将是中国利用国外能
源的主要方式。中国将积极扩大国
际能源贸易 ，促进国际能源市场的
优势互补，维护国际能源市场的稳
定。按照世界贸易组织规则和加入世界贸易组织的承诺，开展能源进
出口贸易，完善公平贸易政策。逐
步改变目前原油现货贸 易比重过大
的状况，鼓励与国外公司签订长期
供货合同，促进贸易渠道多元化。
支持有 条件的企业对外直接投资和
跨国经营，鼓励企业按照国际惯例
和市场经济原则，参与国际能源合
作，参与境外能源基础设施建设，
稳步发展能源工程技术服务合作。
能源安全是 全球性问题，每个
国家都有合理利用能源资源促进自
身发展的权利，绝大多数国家都不
可能离开国际合作而获得能源安全
保障。要实现世界经济平稳有序发
展，需要国际社会推进经济 全球化
向着均衡、普惠、共赢的方向发展，
需要国际社会树立互利合作、多元
发展、协 同保障的新能源安全观。
近年来，国际市场石油价格大幅波
动，影响了全球经济发展，其原因< br>是多重的、复杂的，需要国际社会
通过加强对话和合作，从多方面共
同加以解决。为维护 世界能源安全，
中国主张国际社会应着重在以下三
个方面进行努力：
——加强开 发利用的互利合
作。实现世界能源安全，必须加强
能源出口国与消费国、能源消费国
之 间的对话与合作。国际社会应该
加强能源政策磋商和协调，完善国
际能源市场监测和应急机制， 促进
石油天然气资源开发以增加供应，
实现能源供应全球化和多元化，保
证稳定和可持 续的国际能源供应，
维护合理的国际能源价格，确保各
the development of service trade, and from relying mainly on
foreign loans and direct foreign investment to directly pooling
of funds at international capital market.

For a fairly long time to come, international energy trade will
remain a major way by which China utilizes foreign energy
resources. China will actively expand international energy trade,
promote the complementary advantages of the international
energy market and maintain the stability of this market. China
will pursue energy imports and exports, and improve policies
for fair trade in accordance with its commitments to the WTO
and the WTO rules. It will, step by step, change the current
situation of relying too heavily on spot trading of crude oil,
encourage the signing of long-term supply contracts with
foreign companies, and promote the diversification of trading
channels. China supports direct overseas investment by
domestic qualified enterprises to engage in transnational
operation, and encourage such enterprises to participate in
international energy cooperation and in the construction of
overseas energy infrastructure, and steadily expand cooperation
in energy engineering technology and services in accordance
with international practice and the rules of the market economy.
Energy security is a global issue. Every country has the right to
rationally utilize energy resources for its own development, and
the overwhelming majority of countries could not enjoy energy
security without international cooperation. To realize a steady
and orderly development of the world economy, it is necessary
to promote economic globalization to develop in a direction
featuring balance, universal benefit and win- win, and it is
necessary for the international community to foster a new
concept of energy security characterized by mutual benefit and
cooperation, diversified development and coordinated
guarantee. In recent years, sharp fluctuations of oil prices on the
international market have affected the development of the world
economy. The causes are multiple and complex, which demands
that the international community strengthen dialogue and
cooperation to work out a solution together from various
aspects. To safeguard world energy security, China holds that
the international community should make efforts mainly in the
following three aspects:
-- Intensifying mutually beneficial cooperation in energy
exploration and utilization. To ensure world energy security, it is
imperative to strengthen dialogue and cooperation between
energy exporting countries and energy consuming countries, as
well as between energy consuming countries. The international
community should strengthen consultation and coordination as
regards energy policies, improve the international energy
market monitoring and emergency response mechanisms,
promote oil and natural gas development to increase energy
supply, realize globalization and diversification of energy
supply, ensure stable and sustainable energy supply
internationally, maintain reasonable energy prices on the

international market, and ensure that each country's energy
demands are well met.
——形成先进技术的研发推广
-- Setting up a system to develop and popularize advanced
体系。节约能源，促进能源多元发
technology. Energy conservation and diversification is a
展，是实现全球能源安全的长远大
long-range plan for global energy security. The international
community should strive to develop and popularize energy
计。国际社会应大力加强节能技术
conservation technology, promote the comprehensive utilization
研发和推广，推动能源综合利用，
of energy, and encourage each country to improve energy
支持和促进各国提高能效。积极倡
efficiency. It is necessary to actively advocate cooperation in
导在洁净煤技术等高效利用化石燃
highly efficient utilization of fossil fuels, such as clean coal
料方面的合作，推动国际社会加强
technology, encourage cooperation of the international
可再生能源和氢能、核能等重大能
community in major energy technologies, such as renewable
源技术方面的合作，探讨建立清洁、
energy, hydrogen energy and nuclear energy, and explore for the
经济、安全和可靠的世界未来能源
establishment of a future world energy supply system using
resources that are clean, economical, safe and reliable. Aiming
供应体系。国际社会要从人类社会
at the sustainable development of humanity, the international
可持续发展的高度，处理好资金投
community should handle well the problems concerning capital
入、知识产权保护、先进技术推广
input, intellectual property rights protection and popularization
等问题，使世界各国都从中受益，
of advanced technology, so as to benefit all countries and allow
共同分享人类进步成果。
them to share humanity's achievements.
——维护安全稳定的良好政治
-- Maintaining a safe, stable and wholesome political
环境。维护世界和平和地区稳定，
environment. Safeguarding world peace and regional stability is
是实现全球能源安全的前提条件。
the prerequisite for global energy security. The international
community should work collaboratively to maintain stability in
国际社会应携手努力，共同维护能
oil producing and exporting countries, especially those in the
源生产国和输送国，特别是中东等
Middle East, to ensure the security of international energy
产油国地区的局势稳定，确保国际
transport routes and avoid geopolitical conflicts that affect the
能源通道安全和畅通，避免地缘政
world's energy supply. The various countries should settle
治纷争干扰全球能源供应。各国应
disputes and resolve contradictions through dialogue and
通过对话与协商解决分歧、化解矛
consultation. Energy issues should not be politicized, and
盾，不应把能源问题政治化，避免
triggering antagonism as well as the use of force should be
avoided.
动辄诉诸武力，甚至引发对抗。
Conclusion
结束语
在全面建设惠及13亿人口的小
In the course of building a moderately prosperous society in all
康社会进程中，能源是事关中国经
respects that benefits 1.3 billion people of China, energy has a
济社会发展的一个重要问题。以能
significant bearing on China's economic and social
development. It is a long and arduous task to use sustainable
源的可持续发展支持经济社会的可
energy development to support the sustainable economic and
持续发展，是长期而艰巨的任务。
social advancement. The Chinese government will strive to
中国政府将努力解决好能源问题，
address the energy problem properly to realize sustainable
实现能源的可持续发展。
energy development.
尽管中国能源消费增长较快，
Though China's energy consumption is growing rapidly, its
但人均能源消费水平还很低，仅相
per-capita energy consumption level is still fairly low -- only
当于世界平均水平的四分之三，人
about three-fourths of the world's average. The figures for
China's per- capita oil consumption and imports account for only
均石油消费只相当于世界平均水平
one half and one quarter of the world's average, respectively, far
的二分之一，石油人均进口量也只
below the level of the developed countries. China did not, does
相当于世界平均水平的四分之一，
not and will not pose any threat to the world's energy security.
远低于世界发达国家水平。中国过
China will continue to maintain its sustainable energy
去不曾、现在没有、将来也不会对
development and make it promote the sustainable development
世界能源安全构成威胁。中国将继
of the world's energy resources, thus making positive
国的能源需求得到满足。

续以本国能源的可持续发展促进世
界能源的可持续发展，为维护世界
能源安全作出积极贡献。
和平与发展仍然是时代主题，
求和平、谋发展、促合作 已成为不
可阻挡的时代潮流。随着经济全球
化深入发展，科技进步日新月异，
生产要素 流动和产业转移速度加
快，世界各国各地区间的互联互动
日益加深。国际社会需要加强合作，< br>共同维护世界能源安全。中国政府
将与世界各国一道，为维护世界能
源的稳定和安全，为 实现互利共赢
和共同发展，为保护人类共有的家
园而不懈努力！
contributions to the world's energy security.

Peace and development remain the themes of our era. Pursuing
peace, seeking development and promoting cooperation have
become an irresistible trend of the times. With the continuous
economic globalization, rapid advances in science and
technology, quickened flow of the factors of production as well
as the accelerated changes of industries, all countries and
regions in the world have intensified their interactions. The
world needs to strengthen cooperation to safeguard global
energy security. China will, together with all other countries,
make unremitting efforts to safeguard the stability and security
of energy supplies in the world, strive to achieve mutual benefit,
win-win and common development, and protect this home
human beings share.