宁波大红鹰学院学费-辽师研究生院

《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》要点双语对照

（2013年11月12日中国共产党第十八届中央委员会第三次全体会议通过）





十四、加快生态文明制度建设

必须建立系统完整的生态文明制度体
系，实行最严格的源头保护制度。


51. 健全自然资源资产产权制度和用途管制
制度。对水流、森林等自然生态空间进行统一确权登记，建立空间规划体系，划定生产、
生活、生态空间开发管制界限。



52. 划定生态保护红线。建立国家公园体制。
建立资源环境承载能力监测预警机 制，对限
制开发区域和生态脆弱的国家扶贫开发工作
重点县取消地区生产总值考核。探索编制自
然资源资产负债表，对领导干部实行自然资
源资产离任审计。建立生态环境损害责任终
身追究制。





53. 实行资源有偿使用制度和 生态补偿制度。
加快自然资源及其产品价格改革，逐步将资
源税扩展到占用各种自然生态空间。 提高工
业用地价格。发展环保市场，推行节能量、
碳排放权、排污权、水权交易制度。





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XIV—Ecological civilization

A comprehensive system is to be established,
featuring the strictest possible rules to protect
the ecological system.

51. Improve the property rights system for
natural resources and the administration of their
use. Register natural resources, such as bodies
of water and forests, in the property rights
system, establish a space-planning system and
clarify development restrictions for land and
space
52. Draw a “red line” for ecological protection.
To set up a national park system. Build
monitoring and warning mechanisms for the
carrying capacity of natural resources and the
environment. End the GDP assessment of key
poverty-alleviation areas with fragile
eco-systems. Explore and establish a natural
resources balance sheet, officials will receive
audits on natural resources when leaving office.
A lifelong responsibility system for
bioenvironment damage will be established.

53. Establish a system of paid use for natural
resources ecological compensation. Accelerate
reforms of natural resources commodities
pricing, and gradually levy taxes on all kinds of
natural resources and space. Increase the price
of industrial land. Develop a market for
environment protection and push ahead with a
trading system for pollution discharge, carbon
emissions and water rights.

54. 改革生态环境保护管理体制。建立和完善
严格监管所有污染物排 放的环境保护管理制
度，及时公布环境信息，健全举报制度，加
强社会监督。完善污染物排放许 可制，对造
成生态环境损害的责任者严格实行赔偿制
度，依法追究刑事责任。





十五、深化国防和军队改革

建设一支听党指挥、能打胜仗、作风优良的
人民军队。



55. 深化军队体制编制调整改革。健全军委联
合作战指挥机构和战区联合作战指挥体制，< br>推进联合作战训练和保障体制改革。优化武
装警察部队力量结构和指挥管理体制。调整
改 善军兵种比例、官兵比例、部队与机关比
例，减少非战斗机构和人员。






56. 推进军队政策制度调整改革。以建立军官
职业化制度 为牵引，逐步形成科学规范的军
队干部制度体系。健全军费管理制度。





57. 推动军民融合深度发展。改革国防科研生
产管理和武器装备采购 体制机制，引导优势
民营企业进入军品科研生产和维修领域。


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54. Reform environmental protection and
management systems. Establish a system in
which all pollutants are monitored and
regulated. Release timely environmental
information and improve the reporting system
to strengthen social supervision. Improve the
pollutant-discharge licensing system and
control the pollutants. Polluters who damage
the environment must compensate for the
damage and could receive criminal sanctions.

XV—Defense and army reform

The People's Liberation Army must be loyal to
the CPC, be able to win and be persistent with
its good traditions.


55. Deepen the reform of the military's
composition and functions. Improve the
combined combat command systems of the
Central Military Commission and military
commands. Push forward reform of training
and logistics for joint combat operations.
Optimize the structure and command
mechanism of the Armed Police Force. Adjust
the personnel composition of the military and
reduce non-combatant departments and staff
members.

56. Boost the adjustment of military policies
and mechanisms. A modern personnel system
for officers will gradually take shape with the
establishment of an all- volunteer officer system
as the initial step. Improve management of
military expenditures.


57. Boost coordinated development of military
and civilian industries. Reform the
development, production and procurement of
weapons. Encourage private businesses to
invest in the development and repair sectors of

十六、加强和改善党对全面深化改革的领导

加强和改善党的领导，建设学习型、服务型、
创新型的马克思主义执政党。



58. 充分发扬党内民主，坚决维护中央权威，
保证政令畅通，坚定不 移实现中央改革决策
部署。中央成立全面深化改革领导小组，负
责改革总体设计、统筹协调。




59. 改革和完善干部考核评价制度，推进干部
能上能下、能进能出。打破体制壁垒，扫除
身份障碍，让人人都有成长成才、脱颖而出
的通道， 让各类人才都有施展才华的 广阔天
地。完善党政机关、企事业单位、社会各方
面人才顺畅流动 的制度体系。广泛吸引境外
优秀人才回国或来华创业发展。



60. 鼓励地方、基层和群众大胆探索，加强重
大改革试点工作。及时总结经验，宽容改革
失误。








military products.
XVI—CPC's leadership

The CPC must strengthen and improve its
leadership in such a way to become a Party
that learns, innovates and serves the people.

58. Promote intra-Party democracy and firmly
maintain the central leadership, ensuring that
orders are timely received and fully
implemented. The Central Reform Leading
Group is commissioned to design and
coordinate the reform.


59. Reform the evaluation and promotion
system for Party officials. Improve a system in
which officials can be demoted or fired for
poor performance. Encourage talent and clear
barriers to recruiting the best. Smooth talent
flow among Party and government bodies,
enterprises and social organizations. Better
attract foreign talent and overseas Chinese to
develop their careers in China.

60. Encourage innovation and exploration at the
local and grassroots level. Strengthen the major
reform pilot program, timely sum up experience
and tolerate mistakes.


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