GRE OG test2 填空和阅读解析
网络营销方案范文-关于中国梦的手抄报
Section 4
Verbal Reasoning
25
Questions with Explanation
1. An initial
reading of this sentence might suggest that the
blank should be filled
with a word like
“complex” that indicates how hard it is to “make
sense of” the
digressions. However, there is
no such word among the answer choices. Focusing
on the second half of the sentence suggests a
different interpretation. According
to the
sentence, it would be “wise to” make sense of the
digressions, and a
textbook would help the
reader to do so. If the digressions are
“uninteresting,”
“unsophisticated,” or
“humorless,” the sentence provides no reason to
think it
would be wise to make sense of them,
and if they are “controversial,” it provides
no reason to think it would be wise to make
sense of them, and if they are
“controversial”, it provides no reason to
think that a textbook would help. Only if
the
digressions are “frustrating” does the sentence
make a coherent whole.
Thus, the correct
answer is frustrating (Choice D).
2. If a
certain belief led to the appointment of ethics
officers, that belief must
concern some
ethical issue. Of the choices provided, only
“venal” fits that context.
Although several of
the other choices are not necessarily positive
characteristics,
none of them involves ethics.
Thus, the correct answer is venal (Choice C).
3. The “task” described in the second
half of the sentence clearly presents the
actors with a challenge. The “even the”
followed by positive characteristics
indicates
that the actors did not meet that challenge;
“adequate to” is the only
answer choice that
conveys this sense.
Thus, the correct answer
is adequate to (Choice D).
4. The portion
of the sentence that begins with “given that”
provides a reason for
a conclusion reached in
the first part of the sentence. Since the study
“showed no
decreased heart risk for drops in
blood pressure below a certain point,” that
point may be a threshold below which
reductions in blood pressure provide no
benefit; that is, they may be “superfluous.”
Thus, the correct answer is superfluous
(Choice E).
“Unlike” at the beginning of
the sentences and the “not to” that follows the
dash set up a contrast between the relatively
innocent problems in the current
case and the
issues involved in the “recent financial
scandals.” Clearly, these latter
issues must
have involved wrongdoing. Looking at the second
blank, only
transactions designed to “cloak”
corporate malfeasance would qualify: both
ameliorating and illuminating malfeasance are
positive actions. For the first
blank, only
“sham” fits; “unpremeditated” or “justifiable”
transactions could not
be designed to cloak
malfeasance.
Thus, the correct answer
is sham (Choice A) and cloak (Choice D).
6. The passage conveys the sense that artists
are like everyone else in that they
have
“routines that govern their work”. This view is
contrasted with a myth that
artists are
“somehow different.” In the first blank, only
“habit” is something
whose rejection presents
a contrast with being governed by work routines.
Rejecting “latitude” might well match being
governed by work routines, and
though
“materialism” is sometimes rejected by artists, it
is not relevant to having
work routines. The
second blank describes how artists “work as the
rest of us do”;
only “ploddingly” is
consistent with the emphasis on routines and “day
by day”
work.
Thus, the correct answer is
habit (Choice B) and ploddingly (Choice E).
question is best answered by first completing
the third blank.
The third sentence sets up a
comparison between repressing memories and
forgetting them. The word “for” indicates that
the last part of the sentence –
“repressed
memories are prone to come back” – presents the
basis of that
comparison. Choice G,
“permanent,” is the only choice that is related to
the
tendency to come back.
Working
backward, the sentence begins with “In spite of,”
suggesting that the
correct choice for the
second blank is contrary to what one might expect.
One
would ordinarily expect that something
entailing effort would be more rather
that
less permanent. Neither “cases” nor “conveys” sets
up such an expectation.
Filling the second and
third blank makes it possible to fill the first
blank. Nothing
in the completed text suggests
that true forgetting is “more common” or “less
controlled” than the repression of painful
memories, but it does suggest that true
forgetting is different in its effect – it is
more permanent. Thus, Choice B,
“different in
its effect,” is correct.
Thus, the correct
answer is different in its effect (Choice B),
entails (Choice F),
and permanent (Choice G).
8. The word “Rather than” indicate that
the other critics, unlike Winship, think of
the controversy as “fixed and structural.”
Since both “dissolution” and “melding”
of
“intransigent opposing forces” would tend to
lessen the controversy, only
“collision”
(Choice C) fits the first blank. The second and
third blanks appear in a
series of examples of
such opposing forces; only “orthodox” contrasts
with
“radical” in the second blank and only
“clerical” contrasts with “secular” in the
third blank.
Thus, the correct answer is
collision (Choice C), orthodox (Choice E), and
clerical
(Choice G).
9. As the
description above indicates, Choice C is the best
answer: the passage
introduces an explanation,
presents evidence that challenges it, and offers
an
alternative explanation. The passage does
not mention the creation of
controversy
or discuss flaws in research methodology;
therefore, Choice A and B
are incorrect.
Although the passage reports findings that
different groups used
different adaptive
responses to environmental conditions, there is no
focus on
the adaptations used by particular
groups, so Choice D is incorrect. The passage
presents recent research findings but not in
defense of a long-held interpretation;
therefore, Choice E is incorrect.
10.
The archaeologists mentioned in line 3
asserted that adverse environmental
conditions
caused southwestern populations to move or
disappear. The question
asks which finding
would support this assertion.
Choice A, B,
and C all describe populations that did not move
away or disappear
in the face of environmental
changes, and hence are all incorrect. Choice D is
incorrect because it does not mention a change
in environmental conditions and
therefore
cannot support an assertion about the effects of
changing
environmental conditions. Choice E is
the best answer: it mentions an adverse
environmental change (a long drought) that
caused a population to leave the site
it had
inhabited, which would support the archaeologists’
assertion that such
environmental changes
caused such population changes.
11.
Choice D is the correct answer: the second
paragraph says rainfall variations
between
local valleys cause different agricultural yields
between adjacent fields
and gives this as an
example of how climate is not uniform within the
Southwest
but rather can very significantly
from place to place. Choice A is incorrect: while
such variability might give rise to
unpredictability, that is not how the difference
in agricultural yields is being used as
evidence in the passage. Choice B and C are
incorrect: the passage does not make or report
a claim about feeding large
populations, nor
does it assert that central Arizona lacks land
suitable for
cultivation. Choice E is
incorrect: a discussion of high- and low-frequency
processes occurs in the third paragraph, but
the author does not present
geographic
differences in rainfall and agricultural yield as
either a high- or a
low-frequency
environmental process.
12.
The
phrasing of the question indicates that all but
one of the answer choices are
examples of a
population responding to a high-frequency
environmental process.
You are asked to choose
the one answer choice that does not provide such
an
example. Choices A, B, D, and E are
incorrect because they all present responses
to high-frequency environmental processes:
developing water-storage jars to
adapt to
seasonal rainfall variation, adapting dwellings in
response to seasonal
flooding, trading to
acquire clothing in adaption to seasonal
temperature
variations, and moving grazing
herds seasonally. Choice C is the best answer: the
passage mentions fluctuations in ground water
levels as a low-frequency process
(line
21-22); moving a village because of a change that
takes place over the
course of a generation is
not a response to a high-frequency process.
13.
Choice A and C are correct.
Choice
A is correct: the passage states that “to the
untrained eye, all sea ice looks
similar”
(line 2-3).
Choice B is incorrect: it is clear
that perennial ice contains fine, veinlike
channels,
but the passage does not mention
whether seasonal ice contains them.
Choice C
is correct: in lines 6-8, the passage establishes
that first-year ice tastes
salty but
eventually gets fresher if the ice survives.
14.
“Fine” appears in the context of an
explanation of how the brine drains out; in
such a context, it must be being used to
describe a physical characteristic of the
channels. In addition, the word “Eventually”
implies that the draining is a slow
process.
Only Choice E, “small,” helps to explain why the
process is slow and is
therefore the best
choice. None of the other choices contributes to
the
explanation.
15.
To answer
the question, one must understand what sort of
reaction on the part of
a losing candidate
would appear “disingenuous.” Certainly ”ecstatic”
and
“euphoric” reactions would be highly
disingenuous or insincere. “Gracious” also
fits the blank, but there is no other word
offered that is nearly alike in meaning.
Thus,
the correct answer is ecstatic (Choice B) and
euphoric (Choice E).
16.
The sentence
states that market forces are bidding up the value
of certain
attributes of labor that are “more
measurable than is the knowledge born of
experience.” The blank has to do with trends
in wages for those whose main
value in the
labor force lies in “experiential knowledge.”
Since experiential
knowledge appears to be
losing value in the bidding war for labor, the
blank
needs to be filled in a way that leads
to something negative. Given the “not” that
precedes the blank, “favor” and “aid” make for
such an outcome and result in
sentences alike
in meaning.
Thus, the correct answer is favor
(Choice A) and aid (Choice B).
17.
The colon after the blank indicates a
definitional relationship between the
blanked
word and the phrase that follows the colon. The
two answer choices for
which “they produce
unforeseeable results” would most clearly serve as
a
definition are “astounding” and “stunning.”
While “ruinous” and “devastating”
might be
adjectives describing the effects of war, they
clearly do not fit the logical
structure of this sentence, since they
are not by definition “unforeseeable.”
Thus,
the correct answer is astounding (Choice B) and
stunning (Choice E).
18.
The
sentence suggests that the film is not well
described by the conventional
term “political
thriller.” The film is not political but rather
apolitical, and the
phrase “as apolitical as
it is… ” sets up a parallel between “apolitical”
and the
blanked word; therefore, the blanked
word should go against the term “political
thriller” in the same way that “apolitical”
does. “Humdrum” and “dull” are the
opposite of
“thrilling” and are therefore the best choices.
Thus, the correct answer is humdrum (Choice D)
and dull (Choice F).
19.
Choice A and
C are correct.
Choice A is correct: according
to the passage, “wheat had come to nearly
monopolize the region” prior to the
recommendations of government
entomologists.
Choice B is incorrect: although wheat was the
dominant crop, there is no
indication that
peas and beans had not been planted in the region
prior to the
admonishments of government
entomologists.
Choice C is correct: given that
wheat was the dominant crop, only a relatively
small portion of farmland could have been
devoted to other crops.
20.
In
discussing the advantages of less vulnerable
crops, the author describes corn
as “robust.”
Of the choices presented, “vigorous” is most
similar in meaning to
“robust.” Neither
“crude” nor “demanding” is an advantage, and
although being
“productive” or “rich” might be
desirable, neither matches the meaning of “robust”
in this context. Therefore, Choice D is the
correct answer.
21.
The passage
describes two different year-over-year increases
in airline
passenger complaints: both the
absolute number of complaints and the rate of
complaints more than doubled from 1998 to
1999. From these facts, the author
of the
passage concludes that passenger dissatisfaction
with airline service
significantly increased
in the same period.
Choice D is the correct
answer: it weakens the argument because it
presents a
scenario in which the increase in
complaints and in the rate of complaints could
merely be the result of an easier means of
filing complaints, not an actual
increase in
passenger dissatisfaction.
Choice A and Choice
C are incorrect because neither presents a
scenario that
bears directly on the claim that
passenger dissatisfaction increased from 1998 to
1999. Choice E is incorrect: the fact that
some airlines experienced a smaller
increase
than others does not change the fact that all
airlines experienced and
increase and
thus cannot weaken the argument. Choice B could be
correct if the
passage discussed only the
change in the absolute number of complaints, since
more passengers could account for more
complains without entailing an increase
in
dissatisfaction. But the passage also says that
the rate of complains increased,
making Choice
B incorrect.
22.
As the description
above indicates, Choice C is correct: the passage
supports one
side in a controversy. Choice A
is incorrect because while the passage describes a
controversy, it makes no mention of how that
controversy developed. The
passage also does
not discuss any obstacles to resolving the
controversy, any
assumptions underlying the
claims in the controversy, or any reasons why
pertinent evidence may have been overlooked,
so Choice B, Choice D, and Choice
E are all
incorrect.
23.
The passage states
that the “other commentators” claim that Notre-
Dame first
received flying buttress when it
was updated for aesthetic and structural reasons
in the thirteenth or fourteenth century. This
claim thus suggests that the
aesthetics of
Notre-Dame were then seen as out of date, making
Choice E correct.
Choice A is incorrect
because the passage does not include any
information about
other cathedrals, let alone
attribute a view of them to the other
commentators.
While the other commentators do
suggest that the design of Notre-Dame was
seen
as flawed in the thirteenth or fourteenth century,
they say that flying
buttresses were added to
correct these flaws, not that the flaws became
apparent
after the addition of the flying
buttresses, which makes Choice B incorrect.
Choice C is incorrect because the passage does
not attribute any views of the
embellishments
on the flying buttresses to the other
commentators; similarly,
Choice D is incorrect
because the passage does not describe the other
commentators as discussing any modifications
prior to the thirteenth or
fourteenth century.
24.
The author supports the claim
that flying buttresses were present on
Notre-
Dame from the twelfth century by noting that the
choir’s lower flyers
feature a chevron
decoration that was characteristic of the twelfth
century. But
since all flyers constructed
prior to the fifteenth century have been replaced,
the
chevron decorations accurately reproduce
the decorations that existed on the
original
flyers. Thus, Choice A is the correct answer.
Choice B is incorrect: whether chevron
decorations are used only on the exterior
is
not a point of dispute in the passage. Choice C, D
and E are all incorrect: no part
of the
argument turns on any claim about the choir’s
upper flyers, the nave’s
lower flyers, or the
sequence in which the choir’s and the nave’s
flyers were
constructed.
25.
The argument in the passage concludes that the
survival rate of lobster larvae is
increasing
and that the lobster population will increase. The
basis for the
conclusion is that the change in
the water temperature, by speeding the growth
of lobster larvae, has made them less
vulnerable to predation by cod. However;
Choice C points to a way that the faster
growth of individual lobsters could create
a
threat to the population: lobsters that have not
yet reproduced might be large
enough to be
legally caught. Thus, Choice C weakens the
argument and is the
correct answer.
Among
the other choices, Choice A tends, if anything, to
support the passage’s
conclusion, by
suggesting further reduction in the risks of
predation by cod. The
other choices have no
clear bearing on the argument.