英语类毕业论文初稿
新托福考试完全攻略-党章学习思想汇报
鞍山师范学院高等职业技术学院
2
2013届学生毕业论文
题
系 别：
专业年级：
姓
名：
学 号：
指导教师：
完成时间：
Culture
Learning
and Language
Learning
外语系
应用英语专业 10级1班
孙欣甜
莫莉
年 3月1日
目：
10614128
2013
中文摘要
语言作为一种文化现象在人类社会
长期的发展中不
断演化而来。不同的社会状况产生不同的文化，而文化
则孕育了对人类社会文明
的发展起决定作用的语言。作
为一名英语专业的学生，对目标语言背景文化的了解是
否应该作为
语言学习中的“必修课”一直以来都是学术
界热论的话题。
在大学英语学习的过程中，笔者发
现对于英美国家
文化的了解在英语语言的学习的过程中至关重要。无论
在英汉互译还是在英语写
作过程中，只有熟悉了欧美国
家的文化背景，才能创造出出色的作品。
关键词：欧美文化 语言学习 翻译 写作 口语
II
Abstract
Language, as a cultural phenomenon,
continually
evolves in the long-term
development of human society.
Different social
conditions generate different culture, while
culture tends to create languages which play a
vital role in
the civilization development of
human society. As a student
majoring in
English, whether knowing about the common
sense of the target language should be set as
a compulsory
course has been the hot topic in
the world of academy.
While studying English
at college, I find it is vital to
learn about
the culture of Europe and America. Not only
the translation between English and Chinese,
but also
English writing needs a well knowing
about relevant
cultural backgrounds. Only in
this way, can we accomplish
an excellent work.
Key words:
culture of Europe and America
language
learning translation writing
spoken English
III
Contents
中文摘要
II
Abstract
III
Contents
IV
ge learning is related to culture learning
VI
ation for culture and language
VI
ge evolvement VI
difference between western and the oriental
culture
VII
stic characteristics for English and
Chinese VIII
e learning in English Learning
IX
e application in English-Chinese
translation IX
ii. In the process of
interpretation IX
h
writing X
to
mix culture and English learning XI
i. Professional training
XI
lation
XII
prudential
XII
IV
sion
XII
References
XIII
V
Culture
Learning and Language Learning
ge learning is
related to culture learning
Language, as a
typical kind of human cultural legacy, is not only
a
handy tool for man to exchange both their
emotion and the information,
but also the
foundation of the development as well as
inheritance of
human history and civilization.
Chinese Ethnic People with 5000 brilliant
history, ranging from the oracle bone
inscriptions which was creatively
invented by
original human beings to the consistently existing
Vernacular
Chinese and newly-emerging net
words which is pretty popular among the
young,
are able to inherit to us times, all of which owes
to the language
serving our social
development, the work and daily life of humankind
just
as hitherto. Without the various language
throughout the world, we can not
imaging how
the world would be like today. Under the distinct
cultural
background in different historical
periods, the patterns and organizational
forms
of language or its functions are also different
from each other. At all
around the world,
English is regarded as the universal language, so
as a
student majoring in English, it is
crucial that we learn about the language
and
culture of its native country.
ation for
culture and language
i. Language
Evolvement
When it is in the original society,
mainly with body language and
sound do ancient
people communicate with each other. With the
further
development of the society, it is far
from facilitating for people to mange
to
communicate only in this means. In order to solve
these tough problems,
people began to invent
some marks and signs such as vertical bars and
lines or circles which seemed to be something
strange or special, which
made it possible to
express their intentions or taking note of simple
materials. As these noting marks’ becoming
more and more formal and
larger in quantity,
early characters appeared. In ancient Egypt times,
western people were quite curious about the
mystery of the ancient Egypt
and devote
themselves to the study and research of them. It
was confirmed
that the letters of English
originated from the Latin alphabet, the Latin
origins in the Greek alphabet, and Greek
letters by the Phoenician alphabet
VI
evolved. About 13th century BC,
the Phoenician in the history of mankind
has
created the first batch of letters, a total of 22
letters (without vowels).
This is the
Phoenicians of the great contribution to human
culture.
Phoenician alphabet is one of the
world earliest writing letters. In the West,
it is derived from the ancient Greek alphabet,
which is in turn the
development of the Latin
alphabet and the Slavic alphabet. In the East, it
is derived from the United States and Asia
Allah letter, which has evolved
in India,
Arab, Hebrew, Persian, and other peoples’ letters.
In fact the
Britain was forced to bring in the
original English due to the invasion.
From the
development history we can obviously draw a
conclusion that
English is filled with
culture, politics, and custom of its people. So
before
we learn English, we have to learn as
much as possible relevant to it.
Difference between Western and the Oriental
Culture
Language is the carrier of
culture. Any language is a culture
reflection.
Its profound cultural connotation let us have some
knowledge
of western culture, which will
enhance the cultural exchange and learning,
and promoting the nation culture mutual
profits, fusion, innovation and
development is
the top priority! Regional and human cultural
differences
are the main reason for the
cultural differences, as cultural differences
bring in the language way of thinking
differences. The ancestors of the
Chinese
people lived in the east of Asia North Temperate
Zone, the
weather is mild, and there were less
storm, typhoon, tsunami attack. In
addition,
the semi-enclosed continental type geographical
environment
and self-sufficient smallholder
economy formed the unity of nature and
philosophy. They advocate harmony, believe
everything is natural
harmony, and that the
integration of object and subject. In value, they
lay
emphasis on ethics, the power of
comprehension and simplicity. British
ancestors lived in dry plains and the sea,
received storm wind and frost
attack all
around the year in a time that material and
culture system culture
are not developed, the
natural power is ferocious and unpredictable. In
order to survive, people managed to keep calm
in the face of nature in
order to fight
against nature. As time passed, the British had
formed the
habit of observing and analyzing
nature, besides, understanding control
natural. The relationship knowledge between
man and nature of can be
comprehended to be
the basic concept of western culture, and it’s
also an
important characteristic of the
British psychological culture. So in western
VII
culture, anyone can give a
compliment to or be complimented. Especially
the women, who are the object of compliment or
praising, may be
complimented for the
replacement of the hair and the change of
clothing.
On the contrary, in Chinese culture,
anyone also can give a compliment
and be
complimented, but it should have points among
humble men,
women and children. Women's
appearance is often the target; however
compliment is usually in women and women. It
seems that western people
is more
straightforward compared to the Chinese who tend
to be modest.
The deep reason is the cultural
differences between them. The western
people
highlight the individual nature, respect the
individual personality,
values, dignity, the
advocates of individual independence, and the
liberation of the individual and the different
values. In Chinese culture,
group relations,
or other people's things are often much more
important
than their own, which make
complimenting or praising different meaning:
they listen to people that they leave others a
good impression, please
others so that they
can turn to them someday in the future. China is a
country that has two thousand years of feudal
culture, and the traditional
feudal hierarchy
in people's mind has a deep imprint in the history
of the
process. The formation of the Chinese
Bureaucracy strict hierarchy, cause
not only
the gap between the upper and lower levels, but
the affinity are
different. This is a
repression social cultural. Various factors result
in the
value of the evaluation that they have
low self-worth under the
suppression. The
performance of the communication should be humble
obedient as far as possible, but all of these
can not bereave their affinity.
stic
Characteristics for English and Chinese
To understand the characteristics of English
and Chinese is the
foundation of learning
English. Seen from the structure, English has a
strong logic, and the grammatical features is
covertness, the syntactic
characteristics are
hypostasis, while the meaning of the words can be
clear
if the integrity of the sentence
function are ensured. This kind of language
mainly use its own inflected forms to express
the meaning of the grammar
including by means
of word-formation and configuration form.; Chinese
emphasis the Parataxis, the meaning of words
is often determined only in
a sentence or a
certain context can determine, and must be on the
basis of
people's power of comprehension to
understand tacitly. From the word
formation,
English words itself have different tenses and
voice; Chinese
VIII
vocabulary mainly constitutes from
monosyllable and disyllable, and the
word
combination is more convenient as long as its
meaning is reasonable,
definite and can be
combined together.
III. Culture Learning in
English Learning
i. Culture Application in
English-Chinese Translation
The purpose of the
study is to apply it, and translation activities
are to
replace the original language with the
corresponding language materials,
and are the
integration of the two different type of culture.
When we are
doing english-chinese translation,
word-by-word translating often makes
the
readers can't completely understand.
differences between Chinese and western
cultural, can you translate the
material that
the readers can understand according to the
different
language features. The kernel of the
Chinese sentences is
center-outstanding, while
English sentences can often be translated into
several Chinese small clauses. Translation of
the word group is also very
important, English
has a lot of
usually include several
absolutely close meaning, but there are subtle
differences, so a good translator ought to
have not only a solid foundation
of basic
skills of English as well as Chinese language. In
short, in the
process of translation, the fuse
of both target language and originate
language
is actually perfection.
ii. In the Process of
Interpretation
Interpreting is a real-time,
accurate, verbal highly-demanding
translating
process. Interpreters only accept assignments for
which they
are qualified. If an interpreter
accepts a task that is beyond his ability, the
resulting poor performance will surely reflect
negatively on the opposite.
With regard to the
work of preparation, interpreters are required to
make
namely long-term and short-term
preparation. A well prepared interpreter
is
usually confident and relaxed. Long-term
preparation is to accumulating
the
professional knowledge reserve including
vocabulary, culture and
knowledge of other
worlds. An experienced interpreter never stops
preparing for the interpreting tasks.
Preparation is an interpreter’s lifelong
job.
The more preparation they made, the better
performance they will
have. In order to become
a professional interpreter, they are required to
have a strong sense of duty, a high level of
linguistic proficiency, wide
encyclopedic
knowledge and a good mastery of interpreting
skills. An
IX
important task
for an interpreter to prepare in the long term is
the mastery
of broad general knowledge and a
large glossary. In contrast with
long-term
preparation, short-term preparation is more direct
and efficient.
It reflects to job that can be
prepared shortly before the task is taken. Such
preparation is highly necessary for the
successful accomplishment of a
certain
interpreting task. In fact, the pre-interpreting
preparation usually
refers to the short-term
preparation. It involves in getting familiar with
the
target language speaking habits which are
very important to the
interpreters. Before an
interpreter begins to work, they should read
through the documents they are able to obtain
and organize all the
documents in an easily
recognizable way so that they can find them
immediately when the speaker is delivering his
speech. In short, when a
interpreter carry on
interpreting, speaking with agility and practical,
precise and idiomatic expression not only can
create a relaxing and
pleasant atmosphere to
the opposite side, but is a respect for the other
party’s culture.
h Writing
English
writing, as a written form of initiative skills,
is can objectively
reflect the learners'
thinking ability of organization and speech
skills. At
present, in our country, learners
of English, although was written in
English,
but the words, sentences and even the entire
layout is the mode of
composition in Chinese.
If investigate its reason, we can find there are
cultural barriers between Chinese and western.
What are the causes of
cultural barrier?
Firstly, language cultural differences often
present the
eastern and western people's
different mindset. Westerners emphasis on
analysis of logic in writing, analysis of
characteristics. The Oriental
mindset places
emphasis on the intuition integrity,
comprehension, and
connotation. These thinking
patterns create obstacles on different learners’
English writing. Secondly, every culture has
its unique value system, and
the system tell
people how to distinguish between good and evil,
beauty
and ugliness. The Chinese nation lays
stress on whole consciousness
(Group
Consciousness), and people praise highly of
modesty, courtesy,
take the world as it is.
But in western culture, taking the world as it is
regarded as the performance of the lack of
enterprising spirit. They think
thinking
and independent judgment, realize their own
interests depending
on their own ability, and
regard personal interests as supremacy. The last
X
point, from the standpoint
of communication, code of conduct is
appropriate communication mode. In terms of
culture, it is moral standard
or behavior
criterion accepted by society. It tells people
what to do and
what not to do. Thus, in the
writing, we should follow the principle of
“when in Rome, do as the Rome does”, respect
the custom of different
Chinese and western
culture, make use of accepted words according with
western culture, reduce the cultural conflict.
So what is the measure we
should take? First
of all, establish and strengthen cultural
consciousness.
Secondly, in each stage of
language learning, we should pay attention to
the cultural phenomenon and cultural
connotation. Then make comparison
with Chinese
culture, find out the similarities and
differences, and enhance
the sensitivity of
the cultural differences. Finally, we need to
carry out a
plan systematically to study
culture and to take trainings. Make use of the
word classification method to deeply look into
the cultural differences in
vocabulary
internal. Widening vocabulary, applying the
vocabulary
properly accurately is also
important. Use sentence patterns comparison
methods to find some classic characteristics
of the English sentence.
Through the contrast
study method, we should know the difference of the
two languages, so as to learn English
sentences’ unique usage. Another is
language
and text analysis method. Through the analysis of
the reasons,
we are required to write and
rewrite the text with the purpose of writing
training, the next step is understanding the
English and Chinese discourse
structure mode’s
differences to cultivate logical reasoning ability
and
analytical generalization ability, thus we
are able to fully dig writing
potential and
creativity so that we can write idiomatic English
articles.
IV. How to Mix Culture and English
Learning
i. Professional training
For
English and Chinese culture and language
differences, as an
English major student, we
need to feel the breath of English. English radio
program, BBC, VOA is pure English programs, we
should use our ears to
feel their national
culture and national spirit, at the same time we
can also
understand the current politics at
home and abroad, thus to update our
knowledge
list. In addition to the official radio, English
movies are quite
close to the western life, so
let us feel their life background, because we
can’t learn a kind of language without context
and practice.
XI
ii.
Accumulation
Whether the language or other
subjects, comprehensive quality from
all
aspects, and Rome was not built in a day.
Translation work is a
comprehensive ability,
these abilities including professional knowledge,
skills, and ability of organization. We should
make a cored person, a hard
worker, reading,
and learning.
iii. Being Prudential
Whenever we are to do, keeping a careful,
modest attitude is very
important. And what’s
more, we should try to respect for Chinese and
western culture and appreciate any party of
them, and should not be
paranoid in our own
culture, or think that our culture is the most
profound,
which is some kind of ignorance
performance. Remaining the attitude of
appreciation to learn other countries'
culture, and put a low profile to
knowledge
and culture so that create our river knowledge.
V. Conclusion
Language is the product of
the world culture and the crystallization of
human civilization. In the economic condition
of today's world, science
and technology are
developing rapidly; the various countries'
communication is compulsory for every country.
Our task is to do a good
job among the world
knowledge. Of course, culture is also our
research object, because
language can’t be
created without culture, and culture is the source
of the
language.
XII
References
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XIII
XIV
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