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英语等级考试三级(PET3)句型学习资料汇总(一)

第一部份：Dialogues monologues:
1、You can tell they lived during the Depression.
这个句子中“tell”是 断定的意思，常常把它的意思与(告知、告诉)联系在一起，脑子便转不
过弯来。
翻译为： 你可以断定他们生活在那时的大萧条期。
2、He really knows how to bring a person out.
“bring a person out.”是“鼓励一个人的”的意思。
翻译为：他非常善于鼓励别人使别人振作起来。
例：to bring sb...out
意思为：to make someone feel more comfident, happy, and friendly 使某人更加
自信、开朗。
3、He looks like his fun to be with.
翻译为：他看起来是个很有意思的人。或，和他在一起应该会很有意思。
4、Since we're going to recruit some staff so that we can get our new
school going in time.
这里的since, 和so that 是基于...原因的意思.
根据意思将其译成: 届时...将...以便...
翻译为：届时我们将聘请一些工作人员以便使我们的新学校及时开学。
5、Would you address character description for the commercial and
industrial arts staff?
翻译为：你能够给商业与工艺美术的职员讲讲特征描述吗?
arts跟前面的commercial and indutrial连在一起看，而非与后面的staff:(the
commercial and industrial arts) staff.
6、There are a number of other positions to consider.
“A number of”换成 “a lot of”或者是“a great many”行不行，为什么?
可以换成a lot of或a great many of,因为position是可数名词。如果这里是不可数名

词，则只能用a number of代替而不能用a great many.修饰可数不可数都行：a number
ofa lot of,只能修饰可数：a great many of(与many性质一样)
7、Would you mind letting me take a look in your briefcase?
将“letting me”换成“let me”行不行，为什么？
不行，mind是动词，后面不能直接跟动词原形，一般接名词(或动名词) ,这里的letting是
let的动名词形式。
8、I'm afraid I certainly do mind, if it's all the same to you.
“Do mind”与“all the same”什么意思?
do mind: 在英语中强调动词，用助动词do(各种时态)+动词原形。
all the same: 完全一样，用于强调。
如：Although you didn't complete it in time, I appreciate you all the same.
尽管你没有及时完成，我还是一样很感激你。
9、One day the life free from the harsh decrees of state-sponsored racial
repression. (种族压迫)
在这句话中，state- sponsored 翻译成什么意思最好?
state- sponsored：国家发起的。用于修饰racial repression(种族压迫)，是复合形容词，
复合形容词的相结合。
10、The state in which she was born had laws in place waiting to
characterize her as unwelcome.
翻译为：在她出生的洲有专门针对象她那一类人并将他们列为不受欢迎人士的法律。
11、Present was the usual mix that had so often accumulated into a
burden too heavy for a single-parent household like the one Oprah
Winfrey grew up in.
翻译为：目前，这种平常的税收会不断地压迫在家庭的身上,就象Winfrey 这样的例子。
12、One day the life free from the harsh decrees of state-sponsored
racial repression.
整句话的意思是：有一天，生活可以从洲政府怂恿的残酷种族压迫中解放。

练习:

The circumstances surrounding the birth of a female infant in Kosciusko,
Mississippi, on Jan.29, 1954,were not promising present was the usual mix that
had so often accumulated into a burden too heavy for a single-parent household
like the one Oprah Winfrey grew up in. The state in which she was born had laws
in place waiting to characterize her as unwelcome, to bar her participation in
otherwise accebtable social activities, to shackle her to the residue of slavery
and other injustices of the past. The simple truth is that her grandmother, her
great-grandmother and all the great-great- grandmothers before them never
experienced one day of life free from the harsh decrees of state- sponsored
racial repression.

In hindsight, it appears that her birth was an uneventful one. But at age three
she was reciting speeches from church pulpits. Upon discovering books, the
child delved into the written word, turning out weekly book reports for her
father. Even during turbulent times, not a moment was wasted. Seeds were
being planted, watered, and nurtured. On April 13, 1964, nearly an adolescent
and watching television from the linoleum floor of her mother's walk-up flat in
something deep inside of her. She was watching the live broadcast of the
Academy Awards ceremony and saw a young African-American actor receiving
the film industry's highest honor. Sharing in that moment and all it implied she
later told me, caused her to say softly to herself,
what I could do?

The ground had been set. The journey of Oprah Winfrey had begun. The babe,
the child, the adolescent, the young woman-all their strengths were harnessed
into a force of astonishing power that placed itself in the service of nature and
the human family. That the world has changed in meaningful ways since 1954 is
beyond question. Oprah and her activities were driving forces in many of those
changes. Her enormously influential talk show, her philanthropic work with
children in africa and elsewhere, her popular book club and magazine, her

empowering spiritual message, her contribution (by action and example) to
improving race relations-all speak to the human family, touching hearts and
leaving each one uplifted.

Mississippi too seems to be mellowing out into a more congenial place than it
was in 1954. That may also be partly due to the very sbecial enerav that is
Oprah Winfrey-a courageous, funny, compassionate, well- informed, dazzlingly
curious person, as down- to-earth and loving as any human being I've ever
known.

参考译文:

故事的详情围绕在1954年六月 29日出生于密西西比，科修斯科山的一个女婴。那时，对
于像Oprah Winfrey (奥普来 .温弗里)这样日常开销负担特别繁重的单亲家庭来说，她的
出身并不是那么让人期待。她所在的国家， 已经有适当的法律等候着将她列为不受欢迎的对
象，阻击她参加其它合理的社交活动，让她背负上了奴隶 制度剩余产物的枷锁，还有以往其
它一些不公平的待遇。简单的事实就是她的祖母、曾祖母以及更早的一 代之前，在政府纵恿
的种族镇压法令下，从未经历过一天生命的自由。
之后的迹象表明，她 的出生似乎平淡无奇。但是，在她三年的时候，便开始在教堂的讲道坛
背诵演说，在发现了书籍的之后， 她便钻研上面写过的句子，每周向她的父亲作一次书籍汇
报。即使在那个动荡不安的年代，也从不浪费一 刻功夫。种子正在播种灌溉。在1964年4
月13日，她已成长为一个青少年，在她母亲那间无电梯的 公寓的油布地毯上，电视里的一
些东西深深地触动了她。那时她正在看奥斯卡奖项的现场直播，一位年青 的美国黑人演员被
授予了电影行业中的最高荣誉。在分享那个神圣的时刻之后，她告诉了我所有这一切都 在暗
暗地促使她轻声地告诉自己他能做到，难道我就做不到吗?
路已经被铺平了，Oprah Winfrey 开始了她的旅程。从婴儿到小孩、到青少年、再到年轻
女士--万事俱备，使得她在服 务于自然界与人类家庭上迸发出一种惊人的能力。从1954年
起，毫无疑问，世界已经以一种积极的方 式发生着改变。Oprah和她的脱口秀是其中的很
多改变动力。她影响深远的脱口秀、对非洲乃至其它 地方的小孩博爱举动、广受欢迎的书籍

杂志俱乐部、激动人心的演说辞、以身作则为改善 种族关系所作的贡献。这一切都讲给人类
家庭，触动了他们的内心，每个人都深受鼓舞。
密 西西比也受到了潮流的影响，比1954年看起来适意得多。其中的部分也许同样归功于
Oprah W infrey的非常独特的精神力量——一个勇敢、有趣、富有同情心、见识广博、闪
耀着知识光芒的人 ，是我所知的人中最脚踏实地、让人钟爱的一个。

英语等级考试三级(PET3)句型学习资料汇总(二)




第二部份：Phrases and Sentence:
1、 I don't ever want to have the effect on a person that this person had
on me, where I was just blown away by disappointment. It took a few
years to get over it.
这个句子中重点解析的是“ever”的意思。
翻译为：我甚至从未想过 要给“给我留下印象的人”留下印象，在这一点上我感到十分失望。
我用了许多年才克服这个毛病。
ever,在否定句中起加强语气的作用，not ever从未。
2、One thing I do is work with Make-A-wish. If an ill child's one wish to
see a celebrity and he picks me, then I make time to see him. But I have
to be very careful with these kids, because if you get too attached,
you're just setting yourself up for loss.
这个句子中重点解析的是“because if you get too attached, you're just setting
yourself up for loss.”的意思。
翻译为：我做的一件事就是带着许愿做事。如果一个病了的孩子的愿望是想看一 个名人并且
他选择的是我，然后我抽出时间去看望他。但是我必须非常小心的跟这些孩子相处，因为如< br>果你太依恋，你会感到不舍。
because if you get too attached, you're just setting yourself up for loss.因为如
果你太依恋，你会感到不舍。
其中attach是：使喜爱，使依恋：因情感因素，如爱戴或忠诚使联结。
set oneself up for loss是引起自己处于受损失或失去的状态。
3、Thank you for giving me the inspiration to stick around, at age 50,
you have to feel you're contributing to something.
这个句子中重点解析的是“you have to feel you're contributing to something.”
翻译为：谢谢你给我关于等待的启示，在50岁时，你必须感到你正在做贡献。

“you have to fell you're contributing to something”这句话的意思就是：你必须感到
你正在对某些事情做贡献。
4、We stayed at the Ritz-Carlton and just had a blast. Or I'll give
everybody a ride in the Ultra light-it's a flying kite.
这个句子中重点解析的是“ride”在这里怎么翻译。
翻译为：我们待在Ritz- Carlton并开了个狂欢会。否则我会给每个人乘坐一下“超轻型”——
一个飞行的风筝。
ride就是乘坐。
5、
generation gets to improve on the dreams of the last generation.
翻译为：“有朝一 日，我将拥有自己的烤肉”(比喻:实现自己的梦想)。换句话说，每代人必
须在他上代人的梦想上有所 提高。
6、But it came with a price because when he was drinking, we had jobs
and money. When he quit, we traded alcoholism for being dirt-poor.
这个句子中重点解析的是“we traded alcoholism for being dirt-poor.”这句话的真正含
义。
翻译为：但是这有一定的代价：因为当他饮酒的 时候，我们有工作和工钱。当他戒酒了，我
们就只有借酒消愁穷困潦倒了。
we traded alcoholism for being dirt-poor：其中的trade sth. for sth.以...和...交易,
以酗酒和穷困潦倒交易。
7、It got so bad that he either quit or got fired.
这个句子中重点解析的是“so......that”在此句中的意义。
翻译为：一般so...that是如此...以至于...的意思，这里上下句不是因果关系: 变得糟糕的
是，他既没有辞职也没有被解雇。后半句that he either quit or got fired是so bad的
补充状语从句，补充说明so bad的细节，不要太拘泥语法结 构，更应该注重的是：1.英语
语序特征，2.英语国家的人的逻辑思维特征。
8、He was a tool pusher essentially, sold drill bits to oil-drilling
companies.
翻译为：他其实是一个工具推销者，卖钻头给开采石油的公司。

9、I never think that I'm doing eight-minute cures on television. But I
think that 50 percent of the solution to any problem lies in defining it
first. I can be an emotional compass that points them down the path.
这个句子中重点解析的是“cures”与“lies in”的意思，另外“point…down”是词组吗?
翻译为：我从未想过我在用电视做一个8分 钟的治疗。但是我认为任何问题50%的解决方
法在于先界定它。我可能是沿着路径指向它们的情感罗盘 (指南针)。
cure：名词，治疗。point和后面的down可以认为没有关系，这里不是词组 ，down这
里的意思是“沿着”，相当于along。down the path是介宾结构词组，在句中作points them
的补充状语。
建议：不要从语法 分析着手来学习英语，因为这样效果很差。最好是提高阅读量，让一切语
法变为理所当然的事情，让记忆 单词成为阅读时的副产品。
练习：

If a computer were to design the perfect U.N. Secretary-General, he or she
would look something like this: African born; European and American educated,
with decades of service in the U.N. system; married to a European; and
possessing a quiet charisma and calm authority as chaos arises.

That the U.N. in 1996 found such a person to restore its sense of direction and
purpose was a near miracle. But out of the U.N.'s failures in Bosnia, Somalia and
Rwanda came Kopi Annan, the career international civil servant who had
participated in these disasters yet somehow survived and learned from them.

Today Annan is in the middle of his second term. His task is not finished, and the
U.N. is still far from what it should be. But Annan has tested the limits of the job,
accumulating more authority-one cannot use the word power, given the
constraints the U.N. system places on him-than any of his predecessors.

His complex relationship with the U.S. government is little understood. When
Annan takes positions in public that are displeasing to the bush administration,
it unleashes its attack dogs. Yet when administration officials found their

policies in Iraq floundering, they asked the U.N. for help. Some observers told
Annan that he should responsibility was to the cause of stabilizing Iraq. He
began to work toward the decisive date of June 30, when the u.s. will hand over
control to Iraqi authorities and an uncertain situation will prevail determined by
factors way beyond his, or anyone else's, ability to control. But it is Annan's
destiny to be handed the very worst problems after they have been
unsuccessfully addressed by others. Anyone who knows him knows he wades
into such problems with his usual blend of courage, self- control, modesty and
optimism.
参考译文：

如果让电脑来设计一个完美的联合国秘书长，他她应该是这样的：出生在非洲;在欧洲和美
国接 受教育;在联合国工作十年以上;配偶是欧洲人;出现混乱局面时能保持冷静、富有领导
魅力的权威人士 。
1996年联合国找到了这样一个人来恢复它的方向感和目的性，这简直就是个奇迹。联合国在波斯尼亚、索马里和卢旺达的行动失败后，科菲.安南却脱颖而出。身为国际公务员的他
对参与了 这一系列的空难性行动，幸存下来，并且从中学到很多东西。
现在，安南的第二任期已过一半。然而 ，他的任务还没有圆满完成，联合国离其理想状态还
很远。但安南已经体验到了他这份工作的局限性-- 因为联合国体制对他的限制，他不能利用
言语力量，然而他却比他的前任们积累了更多的权威性。 < br>他与美国政府的复杂关系鲜为人知，当安南在公众面前的表现不能取悦布什政府的时候，美
国就会 攻击他。反过来，当美国政府官员发现他们的政策在伊拉克举步维艰的时候，他们却
向联合国寻求帮助。 有些观察家建议安南不要帮助美国摆脱困境，但是安南明白，自己最大
责任是促成伊拉克局势的稳定。他 开始朝6月30号这个决定性的日子努力，美国将会在这
天向伊拉克政府移交政权，这将千万动荡局面。 不管是安南瓦还是其他任何人，在伊拉克问
题上的成功与否都不会取决于他个人的控制能力。但是，安南 注定要处理这些棘手的问题，
而这些问题是由别人的失败造成的。所有熟悉安南的人都知道他将带着他一 贯的勇气、自我
控制能力、谦恭和乐观来介入这一难题。

英语等级考试三级(PET3)句型学习资料汇总(三)


第三部份：Phrases and Sentence:
1、 She soon called my attention to the fact that she couldn't work full
time and keep house, too.
注意的词语：call attention to(唤起注意)、keep house(当家)
2、 I guess I just took it for granted that a wife was supposed to take
care of her kids and husband.
注意的词语：take it for granted(视为当然)、be supposed to(应该、被期望)
3、 You've got to get to know them.
注意的词语：have got to do(必须做......)、get to(在这里作“开始”的意思)
4、 But maybe I'd better take that back and give her a hand.
注意的词语：take back：(在这里作“取消”的意思)、give sb. a hand(抽出空或腾出手帮
助某人)
5、 They put me in mind for Italian food.
注意的词语：put in mind(使记起、提醒)
6、 I've put aside some money that I earned by doing some extra
mechanical work.
注意的词语：put aside(储存、备用)
7、 I was putting a machine together today.
注意的词语：put together(把......加起来、装配)
8、 I am putting forth a lot of effect to make this tablecloth.
注意的词语：put forth(生出、作出)

9、 Do you want me to put my needlework away?
注意的词语：put away：(在这里作“放弃、处理掉”的意思)
此要注意一下五个以打头的短语与词组的用法。
10、I was going by the store near your house…
注意的词语：go by(顺便走访)
11、Your black purse and shoes go nicely with that dress.
注意的词语：go with(伴随、与......相配)
12、He always goes beyond my expectations.
注意的词语：go beyond(超出)
13、The kids can't go along with you.
注意的词语：go along with(一起去、附和)
14、Your offer goes to prove that you're a wonderful mother-in-law.
注意的词语：offer(在这里作为“提意”的意思)。
15、I could really go for a good comedy.
注意的词语：go for：(在这里作为“主张”的意思)
16、we can barely make ends meet.
注意的词语：ends meet指收支平衡
17、Every thing I say goes in one ear and out the other.
注意的词语：Goes in one ear and out the other(一个耳朵进，一个耳朵出。指听不进
去的意思)
18、I've been keeping track of our phone bills.
注意的词语：keep track of(明了、一目了然的意思)
19、I'll have to call them and have them straighten it out.
注意的词语：straighten out(改正、更正)
练习:

On the day the World Trade Center fell, the Empire state Building once again
became the tallest building in New York City. In the months that followed, six of
its commercial tenants ran off. They did not want to be in the tallest anything,
anywhere, anymore. At a time when U.S. Vice president Dick Cheney was still
being shuttled around to undisclosed locations, skyscrapers suddenly seemed
like the most disclosed locations. For a while, it looked as though the tall
building, at least in the U.S., might be one more casualty of war.
Three years later, despite fears of terrorist attacks, big is beautiful again. On
July 4, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg presided at the World Trade
Center site. New skyscraper projects are under way once more elsewhere in the
city and around the U.S. Meanwhile, outside the states, where the taste for tall
buildings never really faded, the skyscraper has also been poking its head up in
very different ways, and not just for reasons having to do with security. Since
the 1990s, tall buildings have been reshaped by a number of global architecture
stars whose vision is finally beginning to penetrate the more conservation
American market.

Some of the best examples of that rethinking now fill two large galleries of the
Museum of Modern Art's temporary outpost in Queens, New York. Using 25
spectacular architectural models (some of more than 4 m high),
a show that runs at MOMA through Sept.27, looks at the ways in which the
skyscraper has eyolyed the early 1990s, at least in the hands of its most gifted
practitioners, the kind who are proposing-and even producing, but usually in
other nations-buildings that don't resemble the dull boxes that crowd most
American downtowns.

Engineering is, among others, a path to new kinds of beauty. Just look at Renzo
piano's London Bridge Tower, a slender glass pyramid that forms a glittering
stalagmite against the old city's skyline. You get a grasp of what ingenious
engineering is all about from the London Headquarters of the insurance firm
Swiss Re, designed by Norman Foster. Even before it opened in April, it was

known as the small cucumber because it rises against the sky like a green pickle.
But the building's single feature is the inclusion of larger interior gardens
throughout. But there's a dematerializing spirit even in a building that didn't
requiring new fears of engineering-the Arcos Bosques Corporativo in Mexico
City, an arched tower with a vertical slot down its center that lightens the
building's mass brings the sky itself into play.

Calatrava,
With some work, the world's architects might bring them back to a very tall
standard.
参考译文:
< br>世贸大厦倒榻的那一天，帝国大厦又一次成为纽约最高的建筑。在接下来的几个月，六家帝
国大厦 的商务住户搬走了，他们再也不想住在最高的楼里了，无论在什么地方。曾经有一度，
当美国副总统迪克 .切尼仍旧被不停地周转护送到隐蔽地点时，摩天大楼似乎突然间成了最
暴露的地点。一时间，高楼大厦 似乎成了战争的又一种牺牲品，至少美国是这样。
三年之后，人们依旧害怕恐怖袭击，但是高楼大厦 再次成了美的化身。7月4号，纽约州州
长乔治.帕塔奇和纽约市市长米歇尔.布鲁伯格主持了自由大厦 的破土仪式，这座写字楼将建
在世贸大厦原址上。在纽约的其他地方，甚至全美国，新摩天大楼的建设工 程又开始火热地
进行。同时，在摩天热从末褪去的其他国家，摩天大楼以截然不同的形态拔地而起，而这 不
仅仅是因为安全问题。从九十年代初期开始，高楼大厦的形态就被一些世界设计大师重塑了，
这些设计大师的远见最终打入了较为保守的美国市场。
那些新设计中的一些杰作现在正占据着位于纽 约皇后区的现代艺术博物馆的两个临时展区。
9月27号，现代博物艺术馆会举行一次名为摩天大楼的建 筑模型(有些有四米多高)，以
此来向人们展示九十年代初以来摩天大楼是如何发展的。至少在那些最有 天赋的设计者手里
设计出来或者是建造出来的建筑物，这些通常出现在别的国家，不再像一堆呆头呆脑的 盒子
簇拥在美国各城市的中心。
在众多领域里，工程建设是通向另类美丽的一种途径。看看 雷佐.皮耶罗设计的伦敦塔，细
长的玻璃金字塔组成一个闪耀的石笋直指伦敦上空，在空中形成美丽的轮 廓。从瑞士在保险

公司的伦敦总部大楼我们就能看出工程建设是多么的巧妙，那栋楼是由 罗曼.弗斯特设计的。
甚至在四月份对外之前，这座楼就被人们称为小黄瓜，因为它直耸入云，在天空的 映衬下看
上去就像一根绿黄瓜。但是这栋楼最显著的特点却是遍布室内各处的室内大花园。即使在不需要新工程技术的建筑物里也存在着非物质精神--墨西哥城的阿克斯.波斯克期公司大楼是
一座拱 行的楼，在这座楼的中间有一条狭槽从上通向底部，这座狭糟把光带到了楼里的大部
分地方并且使楼里的 人能看见天空。
“美国发明的不光是摩天大楼”西班牙设计师圣地亚哥.卡拉托弗说，“它发明的还 有摩天大楼
的空中轮廓。”但是美国的空中轮廓显得有些单调。一段时间的努力之后，世界建筑大师们< br>或许会使其重返“高”标准。

英语等级考试三级(PET3)句型学习资料汇总(四)



第四部份：Phrases and Sentences:

1、He is famous for vigorously opposing the use of chemicals to kill pets.
这个句子中重点解析的是 vigorously opposing 并翻译这句话。
注意的词语：vigorously opposing积极反对
翻译为：他因为积极反对用化学品杀宠物而出名。
2、What would you recommend for a tenth-grader?
这个句子中重点解析的是tenth-grader到底是十年级的学生，还是十岁的小孩?
tenth-grade是“十年级”，所以tenth- grader当然是“十年纪的学生”了。十岁的小孩是：
teenager
3、They used Singapore as a microcosm for examining a regionwide
tropical biodiversity crisis.
这个句子中重点解析的是and compiled population data from the past two centuries.
翻译为：他们用新加坡作为检查热带地区的区域性 的生活差异危机一个缩影，并用过去两个
世纪(的历史)来编纂人口数据。
其中biodiversity是由前缀bio- 和diversity组合而成的，意思是生命的差异性。
4、Animals that call the forest home have suffered enormously.
这个句子中重点解析的是“call”在这句话的意思。
call称为，当作。
翻译为：以森林为家的动物们受到了巨大的灾难。
5、American and Europe will pool research into hydrogen-powered fuel
cells.
这个句子中重点解析的是“pool”在这句话的意思。
pool集中投入，pool的名词意思是“池塘”，动词本义是“汇合成塘”的意思，这里用的是比
喻 义，想象一下不难理解的。
翻译为：美国和欧洲将集中注资到氢燃料电池的研究中。

6、It shows the United States is out to make peace with eco-friendly
Europe.
翻译为：这表明美国将尽力与生态环境好的欧洲和平相处。
out这里是副词，表示“致力于”。
7、Fuel cells create electricity by combining oxygen and hydrogen
without broducing harmful emissions, and technical construction poses
few basic challenges.
这个句子中重点解析的是“call”在这句话的意思。
翻译为： 燃料电池通过氧气和氢气反应来发电而不发出有害物质，并且在技术的组建上提出
了很少的挑战。
这里没有call,只有cell,是电池的意思，名词。pose challenge提出挑战，就是指技术上
的难关。
8、That means making use of renewable resources for the task, say
wind and solar resources.
这个句子中重点解析的是“say”在这句话的意思。
翻译为：那意味着该任务是要利用可再生资源，比如风能和太阳能。
其中的say是副词，比如，相当于for example.
9、Whitman assured the public that the air was safe before testing was
conclusive. In addition, all EPA statements were required to be
screened by the White House.
翻译为：惠特曼向公众保证在测试下结论之前空气是安全的。而且，所有的 EPA(美国环保
署)申明都要求经过白宫的筛选。
注意的词语：screen 动词，筛选过滤。
10、But New York Sen.(senator,参议员。)Hillary Clinton is calling for an
investigation, saying somebody surely leaned on the EPA to lie, which
Whitman strongly denies.
翻译为：但是纽约的科学家希拉里·克林顿要求调查此事，说某些 人明显的偏向于EPA(美国
环保署)而说谎，对于这个，惠特曼坚决否认。
注意的词语：call for 相当于demand、require；lean on 偏向于。

练习:

When it comes to air pollution, the simple life isn't necessarily the safest. The
most poisonous atmosphere in Asia is found not in rapidly modernizing cities
like New Delhi or Beijing but inside the kitchens of homes in rural Asia. Millions
of families in the countryside heat their abodes and cook with open fires using
cheap fuels that belch carbon monoxide and other noxious fumes at level up to
500 times international safety limits. Rural women and children often spend
hours each day in poorly, ventilated kitchens, breathing this putrid air.
a problem that has been around forever, as long as humankind has existed, but
it's been ignored,
indoor air pollution.
tearing and you would find it difficult to breathe. It's terrible.
The WHO estimates that indoor air pollution cause 1.6 million deaths per year in
developing countries around the world, up to 555,000 of which occur in India
alone-and overwhelmingly it's the poor who are dying. Villagers have no choice
but to use wood, coal or dung fires, raising the risk that young children will be
killed by carboj-monoxide poisoning or a bad case of pneumonia ravaging
weakened lungs. Likewise, the women who typically keep their home fires
burning are vulnerable to chronic respiratory diseases.
50 years, some of these women might be cooking six hours a day, exposed to
pollutions,
Curtailing indoor air pollution can be as simple as replacing open wood fires with
better-ventilated cookstoves, but more sophisticated stoves can cost up to $$120.
China and India, home to the world's largest rural populations, have launched
ambitious national programs in recent decades to supply villagers with safer
stoves at subsidized prices. But the programs have not always worked, in India,
for example, some 33 million stoves were given out free to villagers in rural
areas from 1984 to 2000-but because of a lack of health education or follow-up
maintenance, most families abandoned the cookstoves for their old fires within
a few years.

That's left nongovernmental organizations like the shell Foundation to step into
the gap. It has begun a pilot program with local Indian NGOs in a pair of rural
states to develop and market clean, wood- burning stoves that cost just $$5-$$10
yet can reduce emissions by up to 40%. The project is on track to sell 1000,000
stoves by the end of 2005, and the groups plan to expand the program
nationally in the future. Program manager Karen Westley says Shell and its
partner NGOs made an effort to sell their customers not just more efficient tools
but also the idea that different is better.
want that damn thing,
between having a better stove, breathing less smoke and experiencing better
health in the end.
But habits ingrained by tradition can be hard to break.
this always, and so have their mothers and grandmothers,
have to give people the felling they can do something about it.
breathe a lot easier for their trouble.
参考译文:

说到空气污染，并不是说简单的日常生活就必然是最安全的。研究显示 ，在亚洲，毒气最浓
的空气并不在新德里和北京这样的现代化速度很快的城市，而是在亚洲农村家庭的厨 房里。
在农村，上百万的家庭用明火取暖或是做饭，他们使用的是廉价的燃料，这些燃料所释放的
一氧化碳量和其他有毒雾量是国际标准的500倍。农村地区的妇女和孩子经常每天在通风
不好的厨房 里待上几个小时，呼吸这种有毒的空气。这个问题从人类诞生以来就一直存在
着，但是却一直被忽视了， 一位名叫伊娃.瑞弗丝的世界卫生组织室内空气污染方面的专家
说道，“走进厨房你的眼睛就开始流泪， 而且你会觉得呼吸困难，这太可怕了。”
世界卫生组织估计，在发展中国家，室内空气污染造成每年160万人死亡，其中印度占55
万 --而且死亡的大部分都是穷人。村民们除了用木头，煤或者是粪肥来烧火之外别无选择，
这样会增加小 孩子一氧化碳中毒死亡的危险，肺功能减弱，肺炎得病率增加。同样，那些在
家里生火的妇女很容易得慢 性呼吸道疾病。瑞弗丝说“有些妇女一天要花6小时做饭，五十
年里日复一日，每天都生活在污染中。”

减少室内空气污染其实非常简单，只要用一套通风比较好的厨灶来代替木头生火就可以了 ，
但是比较高级的厨灶要花120美元。中国和印度是世界上两个农村地区人口最多的国家，
在 最近几十年里启动了全国范围的救助项目，以补贴价格供给农村居民安全性能最好的厨
灶。但是，这个项 目并不是一直起作用。例如，印度政府在1984-2000年间免费发放了三
百三十万套灶给农村地区 农民，但是由于缺少健康知识教育和相关维护，多数家庭几年之后
就又回到他们原来的取火方式了。
这使得一些像谢尔基金会这样的非政府组织参与进来。该组织与印度当地非政府组织在一些
乡村 地区开始小规模实验项目，开发和推广干净的、燃烧木头的厨灶，并使之市场化。这样
厨灶可以减少40 %的氧化排放量，并且只需要5-10美元。这个项目计划到2005年底出
售15套厨灶，该组织准备 今后在全国范围内推广这个项目。该项目的经理凯温.威斯特里
说谢尔和它的非政府组织合作伙伴努力销 售给顾客的不光是一种最高效的工具，而且还有一
种理念，那就是：有所改变会更好。威斯特里说：“你 必须要确定人们确实想要那东西与他
们最终需要的联系，即在拥有一套好的厨灶，少呼吸烟雾和体验到健 康的身体这三者之间建
立一种联系。”
但是根深蒂固的传统习惯很难改变。瑞弗丝说：“他们 一直是这样生活的，包括他们的母亲
和祖母也是这样生活的，你需要给他们一种感觉，那就是他们可以对 此做些改变。”这样人
们会对自己的麻烦事感到轻松许多。

英语等级考试三级(PET3)句型学习资料汇总(五)



第五部份：Dialoguesmonologues:
I am passionate about English, and the challenge of expressing English fluently
and swimmingly with foreigners was the principal motivation.

1、...having been brought up in the countryside.
2、Those mighty winds pulled in a band of cloud and some patchy rain
through the small hours, and into thefirst part of the morning.
翻译为：那些强劲的大风卷起一层云彩，还有些零星的小雨下了好一会，一直持续到清晨。
3、clearer skies and much light winds allowed temperatures to drop
well into single figures resulting in a touch of grand frost in some rural
areas.
翻译为：清凉的天空和微风让温度值降到了个位数，使得很多乡村地区出现了霜.
4、The early sunshine giving away to a bit more clouds.
注意的词语：give away 让步。
翻译为：太阳被一小片云层遮住了。
5、There was something of a drier interlude before an active weather
system moved in from the west.
6、Some of the more exposed locations saw sustained winds of 40mph
with gusts of 58mph.
练习:
The Greenhouse effect and Global warming

The heart-trapping capacity of the atmosphere is popularly known as the
controversy surrounding global warming,
the natural greenhouse effect has been long established as fact in the scientific
community.
Indeed, carbon dioxide, and other gases, the earth's natural climate would be
about 33℃ cooler than it is. Life would have evolved quite differently in such a
climate.
Most scientists believe that the rapid expansion of agriculture and industrial
activities over the last several hundred years have generated significant
increases in carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. However, experts
disagree about whether such changers have caused the increase of
approximately 0.5℃ in the earth's surface temperature that has been
documented over the past century. Many scientists cite the fact that 1997 was
the warmest year on record, following a decade in which 9 of the 11 hottest
years of this century were reported, as strong, but circumstantial, evidence that
human activities have altered the earth's climate. Other experts, however,
believe this temperature trend is a natural variation.
Also disputed is whether projected world population growth to more than 10
billion people by the year 2100 will result in a doubling or tripling of atmospheric
concentrations of carbon dioxide. If such a buildup occurs, as many scientists
predict, global surface temperatures could increase by anywhere from about
one Celsius degree to about 4 Celsius degrees during the next century. The
higher half of range involves temperature changes outside of those experienced
by human civilizations since the end of the last ice age some 10,000 years ago.
During the last ice age, average global temperatures were only about 5 Celsius
degrees cooler than the present period.
A temperature increase of several degrees Celsius could result in a sea level rise
ranging from about 10 cm to about 1 m. A sea level rise of about 0.5 m would be
noticeable primarily in the most vulnerable, low-lying islands and coastal areas.
Larger sea level rises would result in extensive flooding of lowland beaches,

wetlands, and coastal settlements. Moreover, a higher sea level base would
increases the risk of catastrophic storm surges in coastal areas, since flooding
would likely extend island well beyond historic levels.
Warmer temperature could also intensify droughts in some regions, destabilize
ecosystems, and cause the decline or extinction of some species. Since carbon
dioxide enhances photosynthesis, some scientists have calculated that higher
concentrations in the atmostphere would increase the productivity of crops and
forests. But others have point out that carbon dioxide increase and a warming
climate could encourage the spread of destructive pests, including weeds and
disease-carrying insects.
参考译文：
大气储存热量的能力被普遍看作是“温室效应”。尽管公众对于全球气候变暖这一 问题存在争
议，但是在科学界，自然的温室效应问题很久前就被看作是事实了。确实，如果不是因为云< br>层、水蒸气、二氧化碳以及其他气体对热量的储存，地球的自然温度应该比现在低33度，
生命在 那种气候条件下的进化将会大不一样。
大多数科学家相信，在过去几百年里农业和工业的迅速发展使 得大气中二氧化碳和甲烷的含
量迅速增加。然而，对于这些改变是否是造成地球表面温度比上个世纪增加 了大约0.5摄
氏度的原因，专家们持不同意见。许多科学家引述了这样一个事实：1997年是有气象 记录
以来最热的一年，之前的十年里有九年排在本世纪温度最高的前11名里，这充分且有力地
证明了人类活动已经改变了地球的气候。但是另外一些科学家却认为这种温度变化趁势是自
然变化。
另一个争议是关于世界计划人口到2100年突破100亿是否会使大气中二氧化碳含量增加
一 倍到两倍?许多科学家预测说如果这种情况真的发生的话，下个世纪世界各地的气温都将
升高，升高程度 从一度到四度不等。这个温度变化范围中最大的部分比从上个冰河时代末期
到现在的10000年间人类 经历的温度变化还要大。在上一个冰河时期，全球平均气温只比
现在低5摄氏度。
温度升高 几度会造成海平面升高10厘米到1米不等。海平面上升0.5米对于处在低地的岛
屿和沿海地区来说就 相当危险了。海平面再升高一些就会给低地的海滩、湿地、和沿海居民

带来特大洪灾。而 且，海平面升高就会增加沿海地区发生灾难性暴风雨的可能性，因为洪水
可能会以前所末有的强度登陆。
温度升高还会加剧一些地方的干旱，破坏生态平衡，造成一些物种数量的减少甚至灭绝。由
于二 氧化碳能促进光合作用，所以一些科学家估计大气中二氧化碳含量的增加会提高庄稼的
产量并且促进森林 生长。但是另外一些科学家则指出二氧化碳的增加和气候变暖会使得具有
破坏性的害虫、杂草以及携带疾 病的昆虫大规模扩散。