北京大学博士英语考试试题及解析
校园安全教育-编导专业大学排名
Part Two:Structure and Written
Expression(20%)
Directions
:
For each
question decide which of the four choices given
will most suitably complete the sentence if
inserted at the place
marked. Mark your
choices on the Answer Sheet.
11. Whether the
extension of consciousness is a “good thing” for
human being is a question that
a
wide solution.
A.admits of B. requires
of C. needs of D. seeks for
12.In a
culture like ours, long all things as
a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a
shock to be reminded that the
medium is the
message.
A.accustomed to split and divided
B.accustomed to splitting and dividing
C.accustomed to split and dividing
D.accustomed to splitting and divided
13.Apple pie is neither good nor
bad; it is the way it is used that determines its
value.
A. at itself B. as itself C. on
itself D. in itself
14. us
earlier, your request to the
full.
A. You have contacted … we could comply
with
B. Had you contacted … we could have
complied with
C. You had contacted … could we
have complied with
D. Have you contacted … we
could comply with
15.The American Revolution
had no medieval legal institutions to
or to root out, apart from monarchy.
A. discard
B. discreet C. discord D. disgorge
16. Living constantly in the atmosphere of
slave, he became infected the
unconscious their
psychology. No
one can shield himself such an
influence.
A. on…by…at B. by… for…in
C. from… in…on D. through…with…from
17. The effect of electric technology had at
first been anxiety. Now it appears to create
.
A. bore B. bored C. boredom
D. bordom
18. Jazz tends to be a casual
dialogue form of dance quite in the
receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz.
A.
lacked B. lacking C. for lack of D.
lack of
19. There are too many complains about
society move too fast to keep up with
the machine.
A. that have to B. have to
C. having to D. has to
20. The poor girl
spent over half a year in the hospital but she is
now for it.
A. none the worse B.
none the better
C. never worse D. never
better
21. As the silent film
sound, so did the sound film color.
A. cried out for…cried out for B. cry
out for…cry out for
C. had cried out for…cried
out for D. had cried out for…cry out for
22. While his efforts were tremendous the
results appeared to be very .
A.
trigger B. meager C. vigor D.
linger
23. Western man is himself being de-
Westernized by his own speed-up, by
industrial technology.
A. as much the Africans
are detribalized
B. the Africans are much
being detribalized
C. as much as the Africans
are being detribalized
D. as much as the
Africans are detribalized
24. We
admire his courage and self-confidence.
A. can
but B. cannot only C. cannot but D.
can only but
25. In the 1930’s, when millions of
comic books were the young with fighting
and killing, nobody seemed to notice that
the
violence of cars in the streets was more
hysterical.
A. inundating B. imitating
C. immolating D. insulating
26.
you promise you will work hard,
support you to college.
A. If only…will I
B. Only…I will
C. Only if…will I D.
Only if…I will
27. It is one of the ironies of
Western man that he has never felt
invention as a threat to his way of life.
A.
any concern with B. any concern about
C. any concern in D. any concern at
28. One room schools, with all subjects being
taught to all grades at the same time, simply
when better transportation permits specialized
spaces and specialized teaching.
A. resolved
B. absolved C. dissolved D. solved
29. People are living longer and not saving
enough, which means they will either have to work
longer, live less in
retirement or bailed by the
government.
A. in…for…up B. for…on…out
C. by…in…on D. on…for…out
30. The
countrys deficit that year to a record
1698 billion dollars
A. soared B. soured
C. sored D. sourced
Part Three: Close
Test (10%)
Directions: Read the following
passage carefully and choose ONE best word for
each numbered blank. Mark your answers on the
Answer Sheet.
2009 was the worst year for
the record labels in a decade 31 was 2008, and
before that 2007 and 2006. In fact, industry
revenues have been 32 for the past 10 years.
Digital sales are growing, but not as fast as
traditional sales are falling.
time-consuming
way to generate markedly 34 copies. These days,
high-quality copies are 35
Maybe
that’s because illegal downloads are so easy.
People have been 33 intellectual property for
centuries, but it used to be a
. According to
the Pew
Internet project, people use file-
sharing software more often than they do iTunes
and other legal shops.
I’d like to believe, as
many of my friends seem to, that this practice
won’t do much harm. But even as I’ve heard over
the past
decade that things weren’t 36 bad,
that the music industry was moving to a new,
better business model, each year’s numbers have
been worse. Maybe it’s time to admit that we
may never find a way to 37 consumers who want
free entertainment with creators
who want to
get paid.
38 on this problem, the
computational neuroscientist Anders Sandberg
recently noted that although we have strong
instinctive
feelings about ownership,
intellectual property doesn’t always 39 that
framework. The harm done by individual acts of
piracy is
too small and too abstract. “The
nature of intellectual property,” he wrote, “makes
it hard to maintain the social and empathic
40 that keep(s) us from taking each other’s
things.”
31. A. As B. Same
C. Thus D. So
32. A. stagnating B.
declining C. increasing D. stultifying
33. A. taking B. robbing C.
stealing D. pirating
34. A. upgraded
B. inferior C. ineffective D.
preferable
35. A. numerous B. ubiquitous
C. accessible D. effortless
36. A. so
B. this C. that D. much
37.
A. satisfy B. help C. reconcile
D. equate
38. A. Based B. Capitalizing
C. Reflecting D. Drawing
39. A. match up
with B. fill in C. fit into D.
set up
40. A. constraints B. consciousness
C. norm D. etiquette
Part IV: Reading
Comprehension(20%)
Directions: Each of the
following four passages is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each
question or
unfinished statement, four answers
are given. Read the passages carefully and choose
the best answer to each question. Mark your
choices on the Answer Sheet.
Passage One
Cancer has always been with us, but not
always in the same way. Its care and management
have differed over time, of course, but
so,
too, have its identity, visibility, and meanings.
Pick up the thread of history at its most distant
end and you have cancer the crab—
so named
either because of the ramifying venous processes
spreading out from a tumor or because its pain is
like the pinch of a crab’s
claw. Premodern
cancer is a lump, a swelling that sometimes breaks
through the skin in ulcerations producing foul-
smelling
discharges. The ancient Egyptians
knew about many tumors that had a bad outcome, and
the Greeks made a distinction between
benign
tumors (oncos) and malignant ones (carcinos). In
the second century A.D., Galen reckoned that the
cause was systemic, an
excess of melancholy or
black bile, one of the body’s four “humors,”
brought on by bad diet and environmental
circumstances.
Ancient medical practitioners
sometimes cut tumors out, but the prognosis was
known to be grim. Describing tumors of the breast,
an
Egyptian papyrus from about 1600
B.C.concluded: “There is no treatment.”
The
experience of cancer has always been terrible,
but, until modern times, its mark on the culture
has been light. In the past, fear
coagulated
around other ways of dying: infectious and
epidemic diseases (plague, smallpox, cholera,
typhus, typhoid fever);
“apoplexies” (what we
now call strokes and heart attacks); and, most
notably in the nineteenth century, “consumption”
(tuberculosis). The agonizing manner of cancer
death was dreaded, but that fear was not centrally
situated in the public mind—as it
now is. This
is one reason that the medical historian Roy
Porter wrote that cancer is “the modern disease
par excellence,” and that
Mukherjee calls it
“the quintessential product of modernity.”
At
one time, it was thought that cancer was a
“disease of civilization,” belonging to much the
same causal domain as
“neurasthenia” and
diabetes, the former a nervous weakness believed
to be brought about by the stress of modern life
and the latter a
condition produced by bad
diet and indolence. In the eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries, some physicians attributed
cancer—notably
of the breast and the
ovaries—to psychological and behavioral causes.
William Buchan’s wildly popular eighteenth-century
text
“Domestic Medicine” judged that cancers
might be caused by “excessive fear, grief,
religious melancholy.” In the nineteenth
century, reference was repeatedly made to a
“cancer personality,” and, in some versions,
specifically to sexual repression. As Susan
Sontag observed, cancer was considered
shameful, not to be mentioned, even obscene. Among
the Romantics and the Victorians,
suffering
and dying from tuberculosis might be considered a
badge of refinement; cancer death was nothing of
the sort. “It seems
unimaginable,” Sontag
wrote, “to aestheticize” cancer.
A. called
cancer the crab
B. were able to distinguish
benign tumors and malignant ones
C. found out
the cause of cancer
D. knew about a lot of
malignant tumors
42. Which of the following
statements about the cancers of the past is best
supported by the passage?
A. Ancient people
did not live long enough to become prone to
cancer
B. In the past, people did not fear
cancer
D. Some physicians believed that
one
A. Modern cancer care is very
effective
B. There is a lot more cancer now
s own behavioral mode
could lead to cancer
C. Cancer death might
be considered a badge of refinement
41. According to the passage, the ancient
Egyptians .
43. Which of the
following is the reason for cancer to be called
“the modern disease”?
C. People understand
cancer in radically new ways now
D. There is a
sharp increase in mortality in modern cancer
world
A. they are as fatal as cancer
B.
they were considered to be “disease of
civilization”
C. people dread them very much
are brought by the high pressure of modern
life
44.“Neurasthenia” and diabetes are
mentioned because .
45. As suggested
by the passage, with which of the following
statements would the author most likely agree?
A. The care and management of cancer have
development over time
B. The cultural
significance of cancer shifts in different
times
C. Cancers identity has never changed
Passage Two
D. Cancer is the price
paid for modern life
If you
happened to be watching NBC on the first Sunday
morning in August last summer, you would have seen
something curious.
There, on the set of Meet
the Press, the host, David Gregory, was
interviewing a guest who made a forceful case that
the
U.S. economy had become “very distorted.”
In the wake of the recession, this guest
explained, high-income individuals, large
banks, and major corporations had experienced
a “significant recovery”; the rest of the economy,
by contrast—including small
businesses and “a
very significant amount of the labor force”—was
stuck and still struggling. What we were seeing,
he argued, was
not a single economy at all,
but rather “fundamentally two separate types of
economy,” increasingly distinct and divergent.
This diagnosis, though alarming, was hardly
unique: drawing attention to the divide between
the wealthy and everyone else has
long been
standard fare on the left. (The idea of “two
Americas” was a central theme of John Edwards’s
2004 and 2008 presidential
runs.) What made
the argument striking in this instance was that it
was being offered by none other than the former
five-term Federal
Reserve Chairman Alan
Greenspan: iconic libertarian, preeminent defender
of the free market, and (at least until recently)
the nation’s
foremost devotee of Ayn Rand.
When the high priest of capitalism himself is
declaring the growth in economic inequality a
national
crisis, something has gone very, very
wrong.
This widening gap between the rich
and non-rich has been evident for years. In a 2005
report to investors, for instance, three
analysts at Citigroup advised that “the World
is dividing into two blocs—the Plutonomy and the
rest”.
In a plutonomy there is no such animal
as “the U.S.consumer” or “the UK consumer”, or
indeed “the Russian consumer”.
There are rich
consumers, few in number, but disproportionate in
the gigantic slice of income and consumption they
take. There are
the rest, the “non-rich”, the
multitudinous many, but only accounting for
surprisingly small bites of the national pie.
Before the recession, it was relatively easy
to ignore this concentration of wealth among an
elite few. The wondrous inventions of
the
modern economy—Google, Amazon, the iPhone broadly
improved the lives of middle-class consumers, even
as they made a tiny
subset of entrepreneurs
hugely wealthy. And the less-wondrous
inventions—particularly the explosion of subprime
credit—helped
mask the rise of income
inequality for many of those whose earnings were
stagnant.
dollar bailout and Wall Street’s But
the financial crisis and its long, dismal
aftermath have changed all that. A multi-
billion-
for their own benefit.
swift,
subsequent reinstatement of gargantuan bonuses
have inspired a narrative of parasitic bankers and
other elites rigging the game
And this, in
turn, has led to wider-and not unreasonable-fears
that we are living in not merely a plutonomy,
interested motives, and a casual indifference
to
but a plutocracy, in which the
rich display outsize political influence, narrowly
self
anyone outside their own rarefied economic
bubble.
A. fares quite well
B. has
completely recovered from the economic recession
C. has its own problems
D. is lagging
behind other industrial economies
47. Which of
the following statement about today’s super-elite
would the passage support?
A. Today’s
plutocrats are the hereditary elite
B. Today’s super-rich are increasingly a
nation unto themselves
46. According to the
passage, the U.S.economy .
C. They
are the deserving winners of a tough economic
competition
48. What can be said of modern
technological innovations?
A. They have lifted
many people into the middle class.
C. They have
led to a rise of income inequality.
D. They
have benefited the general public.
B. They have narrowed the gap between the rich and
the non-rich.
D. They are worried about the
social and political consequences of rising income
inequality
49. The author seems to suggest that
the financial crisis and its aftermath .
A. have compromised the rich with the non-rich
B. have enriched the plutocratic elite
C.
have put Americans on the alert for too much power
the rich possess
D. have enlarged the gap
between the rich and non-rich
50. The primary
purpose of the passage is to .
A.
present the financial imbalance in the U.S.
B.
display sympathy for the working class
C.
criticize the superelite of the Unite States
D. appreciate the merits of the
super rich in the U.S.
Passage Three
Charles Darwin’s “On the Origin of Species” is
credited with sparking evolution’s revolution in
scientific thought, but many
observers had
pondered evolution before him. It was
understanding the idea’s significance and selling
it to the public that made
Darwin great,
according to the Arnold Arboretum’s new director.
William Friedman, the Arnold Professor of
Organism and Evolutionary Biology who took over as
arboretum director Jan.1, has
studied Darwin’s
writings as well as those of his predecessors and
contemporaries. While Darwin is widely credited as
the father of
evolution, Friedman said the
“historical sketch” that Darwin attached to later
printings of his masterpiece was intended to
mollify
those who demanded credit for their
own earlier ideas.
The historical sketch grew
with each subsequent printing, Friedman told an
audience Monday (Jan.10), until, by the 6th
edition,
34 authors were mentioned in it.
Scholars now believe that somewhere between 50 and
60 authors had beaten Darwin in their writings
about evolution Included was Darwin’s
grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, a physician who
irritated clergymen with his insistence that
Friedman said that Darwin’s
life
arose from lower forms, specifically
mollusks.
and was the first in a new Director’s
Lecture Series.
Friedman’s talk, “A Darwinian
Look at Darwin’s Evolutionist Ancestors,” took
place at the arboretum’s Hunnewell Building
Though others had clearly pondered evolution
before Darwin, he wasn’t without
originality.
thinking on natural selection as
the mechanism of evolution was shared by few, most
prominently Alfred Wallace, whose writing on
the subject after years in the field spurred
Darwin’s writing of “On the Origin of Species.”
Although the book runs more than 400
pages,
Friedman said it was never the book on evolution
and natural selection that Darwin intended. In
1856, three years before the
book was
published, he began work on a detailed tome on
natural selection that wouldn’t see publication
until 1975.
The seminal event in creating “On
the Origin of Species” occurred in 1858, when
Wallace wrote Darwin detailing Wallace’s
ideas
of evolution by natural selection. The arrival of
Wallace’s ideas galvanized Darwin into writing “On
the Origin of Species” as
an “abstract” of the
ideas he was painstakingly laying out in the
larger work.
This was a lucky break for
Darwin, because it forced him to write his ideas
in plain language, which led to a book that was
not
only revolutionary, despite those who’d
tread similar ground before, but that was also
very readable.
Though others thought about
evolution before Darwin, scientific discovery
requires more than just an idea. In addition to
the
concept, discovery requires the
understanding of the significance of the idea,
something some of the earlier authors clearly did
not
have—such as the arborist who buried his
thoughts on natural selection in the appendix of a
book on naval timber. Lastly, scientific
discovery demands the ability to convince
others of the correctness of an idea.
the only
thinker of the time who had all three of those
traits, Friedman said.
Darwin, through “On
the Origin of Species,” was
“Darwin had the
ability to convince others of the correctness of
the idea,” Friedman said, adding that even
Wallace, whose claim
to new thinking on
evolution and natural selection was stronger than
all the others, paid homage to Darwin by titling
his 1889 book on
the subject, “Darwinism.”
51. According to William Friedman, Darwin’s
“On the Origin of Species” is great in that
.
A. it was the most studied by later
scientists
B. it had significant ideas about
evolution
C. it was the first to talk about
evolution
D. it was well received by the
public
52. Friedman believes that Darwin
attached a “historical sketch” to later printings
of his book in an attempt to .
A.
credit the ideas about evolution before his
B.
claim himself as the father of evolution
C.
introduce his grandfather to the reader
D.
summarize his predecessors
53. In Friedmans
view, Darwin
work
s originality lies in
.
A. his thinking on natural selection as the
mechanism of evolution
B. his sharing ideas
about evolution with his contemporaries
C. the
way he wrote “On the Origin of Species”
D. the
way he lectured on the ideas of evolution
54.
We have learned that at first Darwin intended to
write his idea in .
A. a much
larger book B. a 400page book
C. scientific terms D. plain
language
55. Scientific discovery requires all
the following Expect .
A. coming up
with a new idea
B. understanding the
significance of the idea
C. making claims to
the idea by writing books
D. convincing others
of the correctness of the ides
Passage Four
Many adults may think they are getting enough
shut-eye, but in a major sleep study almost 80
percent of respondents admitted to
not getting
their prescribed amount of nightly rest. So, what
exactly is the right amount of sleep? Research
shows that adults need an
average of seven to
nine hours of sleep a night for optimal
functionality. Read on to see just how much of an
impact moderate sleep
deprivation can have on
your mind and body.
By getting less than six
hours of sleep a night, you could be putting
yourself at risk of high blood pressure. When you
sleep, your
heart gets a break and is able to
slow down for a significant period of time. But
cutting back on sleep means your heart has to work
overtime without its allotted break. In
constantly doing so, your body must accommodate to
its new conditions and elevate your
overall
daily blood pressure. And the heart isn’t the only
organ that is overtaxed by a lack of sleeps. The
less sleep you get, the less
time the brain
has to regulate stress hormones, and over time,
sleep deprivation could permanently hinder the
brain’s ability to
regulate these hormones,
leading to elevated blood pressure.
We all
hang around in bed during our bouts of illness.
But did you know that skipping out on the bed rest
can increase your risk of
getting sick?
Prolonged sleep deprivation has long been
associated with diminished immune functions, but
researchers have also
found a direct
correlation between “modest” sleep
deprivation—less than six hours—and reduced immune
response. So try to
toughen up your immune
system by getting at least seven hours of sleep a
night, and maintaining a healthy diet. You’ll be
glad you
got that extra hour of sleep the next
time that bug comes around and leaves everyone
else bedridden with a fever for three days.
During deep REM sleep, your muscles (except
those in the eyes) are essentially immobilized in
order to keep you from acting out
on your
dreams. Unfortunately, this effort your body makes
to keep you safe while dreaming can sometimes
backfire, resulting in
sleep paralysis. Sleep
paralysis occurs when the brain is aroused from
its REM cycle, but the body remains in its
immobilizing state.
This can be quite a
frightening sensation because, while your mind is
slowly regaining consciousness, it has no control
over your body,
leaving some with a feeling of
powerlessness, fear and panic. Most people
experience this eerie phenomena at least once in
their lives,
but those who are sleep deprived
are more likely to have panicked episodes of sleep
paralysis that are usually accompanied by
hallucinations, as well.
It’s a chilling
thought, but that is what a life without sleep
would be like.
For a second, imagine all of
your memories are erased; every birthday, summer
vacation, even what you did yesterday afternoon is
completely lost, because you have no
recollection of them.
Sleep is essential to the
cognitive functions of the brain, and without it,
our ability to consolidate memories, learn daily
tasks, and
make decisions is impaired by a
large degree. Research has revealed that REM
sleep, or dream-sleep, helps solidify the
“fragile”
memories the brain creates
throughout the day to that they can be easily
organized and stored in the mind’s long-term
cache.
56. According to the passage, what is
the meaning of “sleep deprivation”?
A. To
sleep for an average period of time.
B. To
sleep deeply without dreaming.
C. To sleep less
than needed.
D. To sleep modestly.
57. Which of the following
statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?
A. When everyone else gets a fever, those with
sleep deprivation will be abele to sleep longer.
B. When everyone else gets a fever, those who
usually have adequate sleep will be alright.
C.
Only modest sleep deprivation could weaken the
immune system.
58. Why is there the so-called
“sleep paralysis”?
A. It occurs when you are
unable to wake up from dreams while you are
sleeping.
B. It occurs when you
brain immobilizes your body in order to keep you
from dreaming.
D. Prolonged sleep
deprivation will not have impact on the immune
system.
C. Because you are usually too
frightened to move your body when waking up from
deep REM sleep.
D. Because your body,
immobilized when dreaming, may still be unable to
move even when your brain is waking up.
of the following statements is TRUE according to
the last paragraph?
A. Memories are part of
the cognitive function of the brain.
B. Memories created during the daytime are
usually fragile and impaired.
C. You are likely
to lose your memories of yesterday after a night’s
sleep.
D. Longterm memory cannot be formed
without dream-sleep.
60. What effects of
sleep deprivation on human mind and body are
discussed in this passage?
A. High blood
pressure, a toughened immune system, sleep
paralysis, and memory loss.
B. Blood pressure,
immune system, sleep paralysis, and longterm
memory.
C. Blood pressure,
immune system, the brain and the body, and
memory.
Part V: Proofreading (15%)
Directions: In the following passage, there
are altogether 15 mistakes, ONE in each numbered
and underlined part. You may have to
change a
word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you
change a word, cross it with a slash () and write
the correct word beside
it. If you add a word,
write the missing word between the words ( in
brackets )immediately before and after it. If you
delete a word,
cross it out with a slash ().
Put your answer on the Answer Sheet (2).
Examples:
eg. 1(61) The meeting begun
2 hours ago.
Correction put on the Answer
Sheet (2): (61) begun began
eg. 2(62)
Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in
the theatre when the curtain went up .
Correction put on the Answer Sheet (2): (62)
(Scarcely) had (they)
eg. 3(63) Never will I
not do it again.
Correction put on the
Answer Sheet (2): (63)not
Wal-Mart announced
Thursday afternoon that it would introduce a
program nationwide called (61) “Pick Up Today”
that allows
customers to submit orders online
and pick up their items few hours later in their
local store. (62) The move is not
revolutionary—
Sears and Nordstrom, as
instance, already have similar programs.
(63)
Retailers say that tying online and in-store
inventory together lets them to sell more
products. (64) Nordstrom recently
combined its
inventory so that if the online stockroom is out
of a jacket, a store that has it can ship to the
Web customer. (65)
Encourage customers to
retrieve items they have ordered online in a store
increases visits to the stores, which usually
increases sales.
(66) Best Buy offers both
store pickup and “ship to store,” where items are
shipped free from a local store. Ace Hardware,
J.C.Penney and Wal-Mart itself are among the
others offering “ship to store” programs.
In Wal-Mart’s program, (67) that is expected
to be nationwide by June, customers can select
from among 40,000 items online. (68)
They will
send a text message or e-mail alerting them when
the order is ready, which usually takes about four
hours.
and incremental sales,” said Steve Nave,
senior vice president and general manager of
Walmart.Com.
(70) The program will include
about 40
does not include groceries, though
Mr.Nave did dismiss that possibility.
“What
we’ve tried to do is (73)
(69) “Not only
we see it as a nice convenience for customers, but
we also saw it as a way to drive incremental
traffic to the stores,
000 items likewise
electronics, toys, home décor and sporting goods.
(71) As of now, it
D. High blood pressure, a
weakened immune system, sleep paralysis, and
memory loss.
(72) “We’re not ready to talk
today about everything that’s going on in
grocery,” he said
focus on those categories
where customers are most likely to be willing to
make the purchase after they touch it or look at
it. (74)
This is a convenient play, trying to
figure out what are the things that are going to
drive more customers into the stores.”
Wal-
Mart also announced that (75) it was shortened the
time customers would have to wait for ship-to-
store items, to four to seven
days, from seven
to 10 days.
Part VI: Writing (15%)
Directions: Read the following paragraph and
then write a response paper of about 250 to 300
words. Write it nearly on the Answer
Sheet
(2).
In China, minimum wage becomes higher in
many places. But people disagree over its benefits
and drawbacks. Supporters say it
increases the
worker’s standard of living, while opponents say
it increase unemployment. What do you think?
Part II Structure and Written Expression(20%)
11.【A】A项admits of“容许,有……的可能”;B项requires
of“要求,要求得到”;C项needs of“满足需要”;D项seeks for“寻找,
追求
,探索”。结合本题的句子大意:对人类来说,意识的扩展是否是一件好事是一个可能有广泛答案的问题。因此,
A项符合题意。
12.【B】在固定词组accustomed to中,
“to”为介词,后面需跟名词或动名词;句中的“and”连接的两个动词为并列关系,因此都应该用
动名词形式,故选B。
13.【D】各个选项中,只有D项“in
itself”是一个固定短语,意为“以其本身而言,本质上”,其他选项atason itself
短语均不存在。
故选D。
14.【B】在由“if”引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中,有时
可以省去连词“if”,将助动词、情态动词、be或have
等词提到主语之前。
本句表示的是与过去事实相反的情况,从句需要用过去完成时,主句用would
could might should +现在完成时,故选B。
15.【A】A项discard “丢弃, 抛弃”;B项discreet“小心的, 慎重的,
有思虑的, 贤明的”;C项discord“不和”;D项disgorge“吐
出”。
句中“or”的前后为并列关系,所选词语应与root
out意义相近,再结合本题句子大意:除了君主制,美国革命没有中世纪法
律机构或根除。故选A。
16.【D】infected through为固定短语,“通过……感染”;the
unconscious with their psychology“无意识的心理”;shield f
rom为固定
搭配短语,“使某人摆脱……”。句子大意为:不断生活在奴隶的氛围下,他通过他们无意
识的心理而得到了感染。没有人可以保护
自己摆脱这样的影响。故选D。
17.【C】A项bore“令人讨厌的人”;B项bored“无聊的, 无趣的, 烦人的”;C项
boredom“无聊,无趣,厌倦”;D项bordom是一
个错误单词。create
后应跟名词,再结合句意:最早电动技术的影响是焦虑,现在好像产生了
,结合4个选项,只有C项最符合
题意。
18.【B】本题中,用lack修饰dance,由于两者是主动关系,所以用现在分词,故选B。
19.【C】本题可以用排除法。首先,空格前的“there be”句型结构完整,不缺成分,所以
排除B、D两项;空格后内容是“complains”
的具体内容,如果跟that从句,则不能放在
society后,容易产生歧义,所以排除A项。故选C。
20.【B】本题考查固定搭配,none the better for
it意为“不因此而好些”。故选B。
21.【D】本题可以用排除法。首先,后半句中的did修
饰空格处动词短语,因此空格处应该用动词原形,故排除A、C两项;其次,由于
前半句描述的事情发生
在后半句描述的事情之前,后半句用过去时,那么前半句应该用过去完成时,故排除A、B两项。因此选C。
22.【B】A项trigger“引发, 引起,
触发”;B项meager“贫乏的,不足的”;C项vigor“精力,活力”;D项linger“逗留,
闲荡, 拖延, 游
移”。 结合句子大意:虽然他的努力是巨大的,但是结果好像非常
。因此,空格处选B项最符合题意。
23.【C】本题考查句型“as…as”,即“ 像……一样”
,且本句为被动句,结合句子大意:西方人被自己本身较快的速度西化了,就像
工业技术使非洲人丧失部
落特性一样。因此,C项最符合题意。
24.【C】A项can
but“只能,不得不”;B项cannot only“不能只”;C项cannot
but“不得不,禁不住”;D项无此用法。结合句子大意:
我们禁不住佩服他的勇气和自信。故选C。
25.【A】A项inundating“淹没,泛滥,使充满”;B项imitating“模仿,仿
效,仿制,仿造”;C项immolating“牺牲, 献出,
献祭”;D
项insulating“使绝缘, 隔离”。结合句子大意:二十世纪三十年代,当成千上
万的漫画书用打斗和杀戮淹没了年青一代时,没有人意
识到其实街道上汽车的暴力损害更疯狂一些。因此
A项最符合题意。
26.【C】本题为倒装句,前后都应倒装,其中 only
if“只有”,用于倒装;而if only“但愿”,用虚拟语气,故排除。故选C。
27.【B】本题考查固定用法:concern about + sth or
sb“对……的关心/忧虑”。故选B。
28.【C】A项resolved“决心, 决定, 决心
要”;B项absolved“宣布免除”;C项dissolved“解散,使终结”;D项solved“解
决,解答”。
结合句子大意:一间教室的学校,同时教所有年级所有的科目,当较好的交通设施允许专业
空间和专业教学时,这种学校就被解散了。
所以C项符合题意。
29.【B】live
on“靠……生活”,bail out“帮助摆脱困境”,结合句子大意:人们的寿命越来越长,但是储蓄不够
多,这就意味着人们必
须延长工作时间,更少依赖退休,或者靠政府摆脱困境。所以B项符合题意。 <
br>30.【A】A项soared“飙升,骤然上升”;B项soured“发酵,变酸,厌烦”;C项so
red“弄伤”;D项sourced“发起,寻求来源”。结
合句子大意:那一年,这个国家的赤字突
然飙升到1 698亿美元的纪录。故A项符合题意。
Part Ⅲ Cloze Test 31.【D】本题考查so的固定用法,即“so+助动词情态动词be动词”表示“也是,也一样”。结合
空格所在句子大意:对唱片公司来说,
2009年是过去十年最糟糕的一年。2008年、之前的200
7年和2006年亦是如此。故选D。
32.【B】空格所在句子大意为:事实上,行业收入在过去十
年一直在下降。A项stagnating“(使)淤塞, (使)停滞, (使)沉滞,
(使)变萧条”;B
项declining“下倾, 下降,
下垂”;C项increasing“增加, 加大”;D项stultifying“使显得愚笨,
使变无效, 使成为徒劳”。B项符合
文意。
33.【D】空格所在句子大意为:几个世纪以
来,一直有人在盗用知识产权,不过,生产明显低劣的复制品曾经是耗费时间的方式。A项taking
“拿走, 取, 占领, 获得”;B项robbing“抢夺, 抢掠,
剥夺”;C项stealing“偷, 窃取, 偷窃, 偷盗”;D项pirating“盗印, 盗版,
掠
夺, 翻印”。D项符合文意。
34.【B】空格所在句子大意参考第33题。A项upgraded“使升级, 提升,
改良品种”;B项inferior“下等的, 差的,
卑的”;C项ineffective
“无效的,
(指人)工作效率低的”;D项preferable“更可取的, 更好的, 更优越的”。B项符合文意。
35.【D】空格所在句子大意为:如今,制作高品质的复制品已经是轻而易举的事情了
。A项numerous“众多的, 许多的, 无数的”;B项
ubiquitous“到处存在的,
(同时)普遍存在的”;C项accessible“易接近的, 可到达的, 易受影响的,
可理解的”;D项effortless“容易的,
不费力气的”。D项符合文意。
36.
【C】空格所在句子大意为:正如我在过去十年内听说的那样,形势并没有那么糟糕,音乐行业正转向一个新的更
好的商业模式,不过
每年的数量优势却越来越差。这里用“that”代替上段提到的一种情况。 37.【C】空格所在句子大意为:也许是时候承认,我们永远也无法找到一种方式,把需要免费娱乐的消费
者和希望得到报酬的创作者协调
起来。A项satisfy“满足, 使满意, 说服,
使相信”;B项help“帮助, 助长, 接济”;C项reconcile“使和解, 使和谐,
使顺从”;D项
equate“使相等”。所选词语构成“sb with
sb”的结构,只有C项正确。
38.【C】空格所在句子大意为:最近,计算机神经科学家安德斯·
桑贝格反思了这个问题。A项Based(on) “基于”;B项Capitalizing(on)
“利用”;C项Reflecting(on)“思考, 反省, 怀疑, 导致,
责备”;D项Drawing(on)“戴上, 吸收, 利用, 引诱”。C项符合文意。
39.【
C】空格所在句子大意为:他指出,虽然我们对所有权有强烈的本能感觉,但是,知识产权并不总是符合那种框架
。A项match up with
“和……相配”;B项fill in“填充, 填写, 填满,
替代”;C项fit into“适合”;D项set up“设立, 竖立, 架起,
升起”。C项符合文
意。
40.【A】空格所在句子大意为:知识产权的本质使它很难保持社
会和移情限制,阻止我们相互使用彼此的作品。A项constraints“约束, 强
制,
局促”;B项consciousness“意识, 知觉, 自觉, 觉悟,
个人思想”;C项norm“标准, 规范”;D项etiquette“礼节”。A项符合
文意。
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension
Passage One
41.【D】本题考查事实细节。根据文章第一段中的“The ancient Egyptians
knew about many tumors that had a bad outcome, and
the Greeks made
a distinction between benign
tumors (oncos) and malignant ones
(carcinos)
区分出良性肿瘤和恶性肿瘤了,所以答案为D。
42.【D】本题考查
推理判断能力。文章中共有三处提及恐惧,但和癌症并提则在最后一段,威廉·巴契南认为过度恐惧会导致癌症,
但这
并不等于说人们惧怕癌症,故不选B。根据最后一段中的“Among the
Romantics and the Victorians, suffering and dying
from tuberculosis
might be considered a badge
of refinement; cancer death was nothing of the sor
t”可知,在浪漫主义时期和维多利亚时期,受肺结核折磨
甚至死于肺结核被当成是文雅的标志;患癌死
亡那就完全不同了,排除C;通读全文,A项文中没有提到;根据最后一段中的“In the
eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, some
physicians attributed cancer—notably of the breast
and the ovaries—to psychological and behavioral causes”可知,在十八九世纪,一些医生将癌症——尤其是乳房癌和子宫癌——的产生归咎到心理或行
为方面,所以D项正确。
43.【C】本题考查推理能力。根据文章第二段最后两句话可知,癌症致死
的苦状令人畏惧,但是恐惧并没有成为公众意识中的关注焦点,
而现在不同了。医学史家罗伊·波特将其
说成是“最卓越的现代病”,慕克吉称其为“现代性最典型的产物”,这就是其中一方面的
原因。所以C
项“现在,人们以全新的方式理解癌症”正确。
44.【D】本题考查推理能力。根据文章最后一段第
一、二句话可知,人们曾经认为癌症是一种“文明病”,病因与神经衰弱症和糖尿病类
似;前者是因现代
生活的压力而产生的神经衰弱,后者是因饮食不良和懒惰而产生。在十八九世纪,一些医生将癌症——尤其是乳房
癌和子宫癌——的产生归咎到心理或行为方面。这里提到神经衰弱症和糖尿病是为了说明癌症和它们类似
,和心理和行为有关,选D。
45.【A】本题考查推理能力。根据文章第一段第一、二句可知,癌症
始终如影随形,但是纠缠的方式却有变化。诊治处理方法当然也随着
时代进步有变化,而其存在性质、表
现和意义也发生了改变。作者在这两句话中隐藏了自己的观点。所以选A。
Passage Two
46.【C】本题考查概括推理能力。根据第一段内容可知。A、B项说法错误,根据常识可知D项错误
,所以C项符合题意。
47.【D】本题是细节推断题。根据第五段内容可知,现代经济的惊人发明会
使一小部分企业家变得非常富有,所以A项错误;根据最后一
段内容可知,超级精英对政治的影响力很大
,所以他们会担心日益扩大的收入的不平等会给社会和政治带来影响,所以D项符合题意。
48.【D】本题考查推断能力。根据第五段中的“The wondrous inventions
of the modern economy—Google, Amazon, the iPhone
broadly improved
the lives of middleclass
consumers, even as they made a tiny subset of
entrepreneurs hugely wealthy”可知,现代经济的惊人发明广泛
提高了
中产阶级消费者的生活,使一小部分企业家变得非常富有,所以D项符合题意。
49.【C】本题考查
细节推理。根据最后一段内容可知,金融危机后,许多寄生银行家和精英为了自己的利益而操纵游戏,这产生了广
泛且
不合理的恐惧——多数人不只生活在富人经济学中,还生活在富人政治中,富人政治影响力很大,又
有狭隘利己主义的动机和对别人
的冷漠,所以选C。
50.【A】本题考查概括能力。通读全
文可知,本文主要介绍美国经济也存在自身的问题——贫富差距,富有消费者虽然数量很少,但是他
们占
据了不成比例的巨大收入和消费。非富有者数量很大,但是他们只咬了国家馅饼的一小口,这非常令人惊奇,所以
A选项符合题
意。
”可知,古埃及人知道许多种带来恶果的肿瘤,而希腊人已经
51.【D】本题考查事实细节。根据文章第一段最后一句“It was
understanding the idea
great, according to the
Arnold Arboretums new
director
要性并让公众广泛接受才使达尔文变得伟大,所以D项正确。
52.【A】本题考查事实细节。根据第二段中的“Friedman said the
‘historical sketch
was intended to mollify
those who demanded credit for their own earlier
ideas
53.【B】本题考查事实细节。根据文中第五段中的“Friedman said
that Darwin
Origin of Species
s significance
and selling it to the public that made Darwin
” 可知,根据哈佛大学阿诺德树木园新主管的观点,了解进化论观点的重
that
Darwin attached to later printings of his
masterpiece
”可知,弗里德曼说达尔文在后来杰作印刷品中附上的“历
s
thinking on natural selection as the mechanism of
evolution was
s writing of ‘On the
史梗概”是为了缓和那些为自己早期观点要求声望的人的情绪,所以A项正确。
shared
by few, most prominently Alfred Wallace, whose
writing on the subject after years in the field
spurred Darwin
多年以后,他这个主题的着作在这个领域刺激了达尔文写作《物种起源》
,所以B项符合题意。
54.【A】本题考查推理能力。根据文章第五段中的“Although
the book runs more than 400 pages, Friedman said
it was never the book on evolution
and natural
selection that Darwin intended
selection that
wouldn
项符合题意。
55.【C】本题考查概括能力。根据文章倒数第二段内容可知,
除了观念,科学发现还要求对观念重要性的认识,科学发现还要求有能力说
服别人相信观点正确。所以C
项符合题意。
Passage Four
56.【C】本题考查推理能力。根据文章第三段中的Prolonged sleep
deprivation has long been associated with
diminished immune functions, but
researchers
have also found a direct correlation between
“modest” sleep deprivation—less than six hours—and
reduced immune response
可知,“modest” sleep
deprivation指少于六个小时的睡眠,文中说成人每天需要七到九个小时的睡眠,sleep
deprivation应该指睡眠少
于需要的量,选C。
57.【B】本题考查推理能力。根据第三段“You
else bedridden
with a fever for three days
ll be glad you got
that extra hour of sleep the next time that bug
comes around and leaves everyone
”可知,下次你会庆幸多睡了一个小时,因为一旦感冒,别人就要发烧睡上三天。所以当其他
In 1856, three years before the book was
published, he began work on a detailed tome on
natural
”可知,虽然该书长达400多页,弗里德曼说,但是达尔文从未打算把它写成进化t
see publication until 1975
’”可知,里德曼说,达尔文关于自然选择作
为进化机理的思想很少被人分享,最突出的是阿尔弗雷德·华莱士,
和自然选择的书。1856年,此书
出版三年前,达尔文开始从事关于自然选择的大部头工作,这个大部头直到1975年才出版。所以A
所
有人发烧时,那些睡眠充足的人通常没事,选B。
58.【D】本题考查细节。根据文章第四段中的“Sleep paralysis occurs
when the brain is aroused from its REM cycle, but
the body remains in its
immobilizing
state”可知,当大脑从快速眼动周期被唤醒,但身体仍然保持不动状态,大脑睡眠瘫痪就发生了,选D。
59.【B】本题考查推理能力。根据文章最后一段最后一句话可知,研究显示,快速眼动睡眠或眠梦期
有助于巩固大脑一天产生的脆弱记忆,
这些记忆便于在大脑中长期组织和储存。所以B项“白天产生的记
忆是脆弱易受损的”正确。
60.【D】本题考查概括能力。第二段最后一句提到睡眠不足会导致血压
升高;第三段中间提到睡眠不足与免疫功能下降有关;第四段主要
讨论睡眠瘫痪;最后一段主要讲睡眠不
足使记忆丢失。概括全文,D项符合题意。
Part Ⅴ Proofreading
61.【答案】few前加a
【解析】few含“否定意味”,a
few含“肯定意味”,这里文中表示的是肯定,所以在few前加a。
62.【答案】as改为for
【解析】“for instance”为固定短语。
63.【答案】删除to
【解析】let后跟动词原形。
64.【答案】ship
to之间加it
【解析】ship后缺少宾语。
65.【答案】encourage改为encouraging
【解析】现在分词短语“encouraging
66.【答案】from改为to
【解析】根据该句前面出现的“ship to store”可知,from应该改为to。
67.【答案】that改为which
【解析】that前有逗号,该句为非限定性定语从句,非限定性定语从句应该用which引导。
68.【答案】send改为receive
【解析】该句要表达的意思是:当订单准备好后
,他们会收到短信或电子邮件提醒。所以send应该改为receive。
69.【答案】only和we之间加do
【解析】“not onlybut
also”连接两个句子时,not only部分倒装,but
also部分不倒装。后面实意动词,需要加助动词do。
”作increases的主语。
70.【答案】likewise改为like
【解析】likewise“adv
71.【答案】did后加not
【解析】该句
要表达的意思是:目前,沃尔玛的网站不包含食品,虽然Nave先生没有忽略这种可能性。句子中间的thou
gh表示让步,
后面应该表示否定的意味,所以 did后应该加not。
72.【答案】everything改为anything
【解析】该句要表达的意思是:
今天我们不准备谈论任何杂货店将要发生的事情。所以everything应该改为anything。
73.【答案】after改为before
【解析】一般情况下,消费者都是先看再购买商
品。文章这里要表达的意思是商家努力让消费者看商品之前就购买,所以after应该改
为befor
e。
74.【答案】convenient改为convenience
【解析】这里应该是指方便性,便捷性,所以用名词。用形容词的话,语法没问题,但是语义说不通。
75.【答案】shortened改为shortening
【解析】这里表示的不是被动
,而是正在进行的动作,所以shortened应该改为shortening。
Part Ⅵ
Writing
【参考范文】
China government has always
been committed to imposing a minimum wage system
at the local level and quickening measures to plug
the
problem. Minimum wages of employees
becomes higher in many places. Correspondingly,
there is a widespread concern over the issue of
higher
minimum wage. In fact, there are both
advantages and disadvantages in higher minimum
wage system. Generally speaking, it is widely
believed
there are several positive aspects as
follows. Firstly, Along with minimum wage
improvement, people’s living standard will be
enhanced and they
would be able to purchase
houses, automobiles that they produced, in effect
creating a market for the product to a certain
extent. And secondly, the
new wage policy in
terms of efficiency and profit sharing aims at
protecting rights and interests of laborers, to
eliminate or alleviate poverty. Caring
for the
disadvantaged, minimum wage guarantee system
attaches great importance to people with low
income who are hard struggling against
poverty
and striving for survival.
Just as a popular
saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, minimum
wage system is no exception, and in another word,
it still has negative
aspects. To begin with,
it increases unemployment. Minimum wage system has
been put into force, labor demand will be reduced
as a result, that is,
quantity supply of labor
is more than quantity demand for labor, and
unemployment will be increased. In addition, it
may do harm to young worker
employment. Due to
lack of experience, young workers have lower
productivity, thus the employers only pay them
lower wages. In case of
minimum wage
limitation, the employers will turn to experienced
workers; therefore, minimum wage system may give
rise to reduce the young
workers’ employment
opportunities.
To sum up, we should try to
bring the advantages of minimum wage system into
full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the
minimum at the
same time. In that case, we
will definitely make a better use of the minimum
wage system.
同样地,也”,句子中后面跟的是名词,表列举,这里应该用介词like。