英国文学史复习资料(三年级专业生期末考试必备)
苏州科技天平学院-宁夏教育考试信息网
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works
I. Old
English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
Epic: long narrative poems that
record the adventures or heroic deeds of a
hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of
epic is grand and elevated.
e.g. Homer’s
Iliad and Odyssey
Artistic features:
1. Using alliteration
Definition of
alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some
words in a
sentence begin with the same
consonant sound（头韵）
Some examples on P5
2. Using metaphor and understatement
Definition of understatement: expressing
something in a controlled
way Understatement
is a typical way for Englishmen to express their
ideas
Geoffery Chaucer
杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400
(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John
Dryden）
称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)
The
father of English poetry.
It is ____alone who,
for the first time in English literature,
presented to us a comprehensive
(综合
的，广泛的)realistic picture of the English
society of his time and created a whole gallery of
vivid
characters from all walks of life. ( A )
A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Matin Luther C.
William Langland D. John Gower
writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.
①
first time to use
‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English
②
③
Medieval Ages’ popular
Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)
Famous
three
：
King Arthur
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Beowulf
II The Renaissance Period
A period
of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the
real mainstream
of the English Renaissance.
Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of
the great revival of art, literature,
and
learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century
and extending to the 17th
century, marking the
transition from the medieval to the modern world.
Three historical events of the Renaissance –
rebirth or revival:
1. new discoveries in
geography and astrology
2. the
religious reformation and economic expansion
3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek
culture
The most famous dramatists:
Christopher Marlowe
William Shakespeare
Ben Johnson.
1. Edmund
Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599
（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） The
poets’ first to be buried in the
Poet’s
corner of Westerminster Abbey
12. Which
of the following statements is not the reason for
that Edmund Spenser is famous for
“the poet’s
poet”? ( B )
A. Spenser’s idealism B.
his struggle for criteria
C. his love of
beauty D. his exquisite melody
①
The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something
more romantic
“Fierce wars and faithfull
loves”.
Artistic features:
1. Using
Spenserian Stanza
Definition of Spenserian
Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc.
Eight
lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in
iambic
hexameter.
②
The theme is to lament over
the loss of Rosalind.
③
2.
Thomas More托马斯•莫尔1478~1535
One of the
greatest English humanists
①
3.
Francis Bacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626
（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识
的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一
著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）
Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for
modern science. The first
English essayist.
Writing style:brevity,
compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and
enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and
philosophy to man’s reason.
①
②
The theme of Of Studies: uses
and benefits of study and different ways
adopted by different people to pursue studies.
4. Ben Jonson
①
②
5. Christopher
Marlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595
“University
Wits”, the pioneer of English drama（完善了无韵体诗。）
Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic
pentameter.
14. Marlowe gave new vigor to ____
with his “mighty lines” ( D )
A. the
Petrarchan sonnet B. sestina
C. terza
rima D. blank verse
①
民间故事书写成）
②
③
6. William
Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616
① Historical
plays:
Henry VI Henry IV : Richard III
Henry V ；Richard
II；Henry VIII
②Four
Comedies:
仲夏夜之梦;
③Four Tragedies:
尔王;
④Shakespeare Sonnet :154
Three quatrain and
one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg
A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines,
usually in
iambic pentameter restricted to a
definition rhyme scheme.
III The 17th Century
1. John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674
（诗人、政论家;失明后写 《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。）
①Epics:
②Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙
③
④
This sonnet is written in
iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde,
typical of Italian sonnet.
Its theme is
that people use their talent for God, and they
serve him best
sho can endure the suffering
best.
2. John Bunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688
（代表作《天
路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是
英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《
神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并
列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）
Puritan
poet(清教徒派诗人)
①Religionary Allegory:
3. John Donne
the
Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).
Metaphysical
Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery
is from
the actual, (形式)the form is frequently
an argument with the poet’s beloved,
with god, or with himself.（主题：love,
religious, thought）
Artistic features:
1.
conceits or imagery奇思妙喻
2. syllogism三段论
① Meditations 沉思录
The Flea 虱子
② Songs And
Sonnets
Holy Sonnets
③Valediction:
IV The
18th Century：
Enlightenment同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架
，
并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起，与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主
义
时期是同一时期。
A revival of interest in the old
classical works, order, logic, restrained
emotion(抑制情感) and accuracy
The Age of
EnlightenmentReason: the movement was a
furtherance of the
Renaissance of the
15
th
and 16
th
centries, a
progressive intellectual movement,
reason(rationality), equality&science(the
18
th
century)
小说崛起
：In the mid-
century, the newly literary form, modern English
novel
rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)
Gothic
novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle
part to the end of
century)
1. Alexander
Pope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744
（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”
“ heroic couplets”。
词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）
As a
representative of the Enlightenment， Pope was one
of the first to introduce
rationalism to
England....
Eg. Among the representatives of
the Enlightenment, who was one of the first to
introduce
rationalism to England? ( C )
A. John Bunyan B. Daniel Defoe C. Alexander
Pope D. Jonathan Swift
①
Artistic features:
“heroic couplets”
②
③
2. Samuel
Johnson塞缪尔•约翰逊1709~1784
①Dictionary =英语大词典
3.
Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745
（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。）
①
Four parts:
Lilliput
小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国
Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛
一个小小的建议
②
③ 木桶的故事
④
4. Daniel
Defoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731
（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠
基人。）
He
is the first writer study of the lower-class
people, his language is
smooth, easy,
colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the
founder of
realistic novel.
①
It praise the fortitude of the
human labor and the Puritan.
Robinson grew
from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and
hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in
his eventful life.
It is an adventure story,
Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets
shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island,
struggles to live for
24-years there and
finally gets relieved and returns to England.
②
③
④
5. Henry
Fielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754
（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父”
。）
He is called “Father of English novel”. He
was the first to write a
“Comic epic in
prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern
novel its structure and style.
① novels:
② plays:
6.
Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗•格尔德斯密斯1730~1774
① poems:
② novel:
7. Richard
Brinsley Sheridan理查德•布林斯利•施莱登1751~1816
①
②
8. William Blake威廉•布莱克1757~1827
①
A happy and innocent
world from children’s eye.
②
A word of misery,
poverty, disease, war and repression with a
melancholy tone from men eyes.
Include:
Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity
Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence
③
9. Robert Burns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796
The
greatest Scottish poet in the late 18
th
century.
Poems Chiefly in the Scottish
Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
①
② 一朵红红的玫瑰
③
④ 不管那一套
⑤
⑥
⑦
V The
Romantic Period
The romantic period began
in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and
Coleridge’s
Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of
each individual’s mind.(人
应该是独立自由的个体)
In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a
change
from the outer world of social
civilization to the inner world of
the human
spirit, poetry should be free from all rules,
imagination, nature, commonplace.
Two
major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane
Austen (realistic) and
Walter Scott
(romantic).
“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in
the lake district.
William
Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert
Southey
1. William
Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850
（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。 The Lake Poets）
①
②
Theme: embodies human beings in their
diverse
circumstance. It is nature that give
him “strength and
knowledge fullof peace”
is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet
mind
while he is in solitude.
Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling
the beautiful
sights. In the poem on the
beauty of nature, the
reader is presented a
vivid picture of lively and
lovely
daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophical
ideas
and mystical thoughts.
③ Lines Composed A Few
Miles Above Tintern Abbey
④ The Solitary
Reaper孤独的割麦女
②
2.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔•泰勒•科尔律治1772~1834
The Lake Poets
①
②
③
Artistic features: mysticism,
demonism with strong imagination,
a strange
territory
④
⑤
⑥
3.
George Gordon Byron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824
（拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内
心充满
了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一
个“拜伦式英雄”。）
“Byronic hero” is a proud, mysterious rebel figure
of noble origin,
against tyrannical rules or
moral principles.
①
②
4. Persy Bysshe
Shelley波西•比希•雪莱1792~1822
① Poetic
Drama：
Theme: the drama celebraies man’s victory over
tyranny and
oppression
②
①
【Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy】in the end false pride
is humbled and
prejudice dissolved
【Collins & Charlotte Lucas】see the reality of
marriage as a
necessary step if a woman is to
avoid
the wretchedness of aging
spinsterhood
【Lydia & Wickham】shown the
dangers of feckless relationships
unsupported
by money.
【Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady
Catherine de Burgh】comic
characters
7. Walter Scott沃尔特•斯科特1771~1832
(历史小说之父”)Father of history novels
①
②
VI The
Victorian Period
1832-1900
Common
sense and moral propreity, again became the
predominant
preoccupation. Critical realists
were all concerned about the fate of the common
people and everyday events.
1.
Charles Dickens查尔斯•狄更斯1812~1870
（批判现实主义小说家）critical realist writer
①
②
③
④ 圣诞颂歌
⑤
⑥
⑦
⑧ 双城记(London & Paris)
⑨
⑩
是英国19世纪小说繁荣时期最杰出的代表作家，影响遍及欧美以及世界各
国。他那富有社会批
判意义的现实主义小说不仅使英国文坛焕然一新，而且对世界文学的
发展也产生了深远的影响。
2. William Makepeace
Thackeray威廉•麦克匹斯•萨克雷1811~1863
①
from
②
3.
Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂•勃朗特1816~1855
①
Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was
sent to Lowood, a charity
school. There she
suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and
became a boverness at Thornfield Hall. There
she falls in love with the
master,Mr.
Rochester.
It is noted for its sharp criticism
of the existing society, e.g. charity
institution such as Lowood School
It is a
successful introduction to the first governess
heoine in the
English novel, whom represents
those middle-class working women
struggling
for recognition of their basic rights and equality
as a human
being.
②
③
4. Emily
Bronte艾米莉•勃朗特1818~1854
① < Wuthering
Heights>呼啸山庄
A story about two familie and an
intruding stranger.
【TheEarnshaw Family】Mr.
Earnshaw, his wife, the son Hindley, the
daughter Catherine, Heathcliff
【The Linton
Family】, his wife, son Edgar, daughter Isabella
② < Old Stoic>
5. George
Eliot乔治•艾略特1819~1880
①
② < Adam Bede>亚当•比德
③ <
Silas Marner>织工马南
④ < Middlemarch>米德尔马契
6. Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德•丁尼生1809~1892
（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）
Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人）
① < In Memoriam>悼念
To memorialize his
friend
② < Break, Break, Break>
③ < Idylls
of the King>国王叙事诗
7. Robert
Browning罗伯特•白朗宁1812~1889
① < My Last
Dutchess>我已故的公爵夫人
② <
Home Thoughts
From Abroad>海外乡思
Elizabeth Barrett
Browing:
①
8. Robert Louis
Stevenson
①
9.
Thomas Hardy托马斯•哈代1840~1928
（小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。Wessex novels; novels of
character and environment）
⑴ Novels
① < Tess Of The D’Urbervilles>德伯家的苔丝
Theme:experience is as to intensity, and not
as to duration
② < Jude The Obscure>无名的裘德
③ < Under The Greenwood Tree>绿荫下
④ < Far
From The Madding Crowd>远离尘嚣
⑤ < The Mayor Of
Casterbridge>卡斯特桥市长
⑥ < The Return of the
Native>还乡
⑵ Poems
Wessex Poems And Other
Verses
Poems Of The Past And Present
The
Dynasts 列国
VII 1900~1950 The 20th
Century
Playwrights
① Oscar Wilde
②
George Bernard Shaw
1. Oscar
Wilde奥斯卡•王尔德1856~1900
（The Aesthetic
Movement: Art for Art’s Sake）
① 4 Comedies:
一个无足轻重的女人
② Novel:
③ Fairy Stories:
2. George Bernard Shaw乔治•伯纳•萧1856~1950
(英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）critical realistic
dramatist
⑴ Plays
① Plays
Unpleasant
② Plays Pleasant
③Plays
Novelists
(Realists)
1. Joseph Concrad
①
②
the
book’s title is Heart of Darkness?
The story
happened in Congo, the heart of Africa, and the
color of
people’s skin in there is black. Most
important point about the title is to
the evil
in humans’ heart.
is the symbolism of black
and white
【Black dark- 】death, evil,
ignorance, mystery, savagery, uncivilized
Middle Ages, when science and knowledge was
suppressed, as the Dark Ages.
According to
Christianity, in the beginning of time all
was
dark and God created light.
According to Heart
of Darkness, before the Romans
came, England
was dark. In the same way, Africa was
considered to be in the “dark stage”.
【White light】life, goodness, enlightenment,
civilized, religion.
Yet, in Concrad, the
usual pattern is reverse and
darkness means
truth(The truth within, therefore dark
and
obscure.), whiteness means falsehood. This
contrast tells a political truth about
colonialism in the
Congo.
The contrast
also suggests a psychological truth
about
Marlow and the Europeans mind.
White also
suggests any number of unpleasant moral
truths. The trade in ivory is white and the
white man is totally corrupt
t
The book implies that civilizations are
created by the laws and
codes that encourage
men to achieve higher standards. The law acts as a
buffer to prevent men from reverting back to
their darker tendencies.
Civilization,
however, must be learned. London itself, in the
book a
symbol of enlightenment, was once of
the darker places of the
earthbefore the
Romans forced civilization upon the
civilized
society does not get rid of primeval savage
tendencies which
lurk in the background.
This savagery is seen in Kurtz. Marlow meets
Kurtz and he finds
a man that has totally
thrown off the restraint of civilization and has
de-evolved into a primitive state.
ter
【Kurtz】 represents what every man will become
if left to his own
intrinsic desires without a
protective, civilized environment.
【Marlow】
represents the civilized soul that has not been
drawn
back into savagery by a dark, alienating
jungle.
ive Structure
In Heart
of Darkness, we have an outside narrator telling
us a story
he has heard from Marlow. The story
Marlow tells centers around
r, most of what
Marlow knows about Kurtz, he has
learned from
have good reason for not being truthful to
Marlow. Therefore Marlow has to piece together
much of Kurtz’s story.
2. William
Somerset Maugham
3. Edward Morgan Foster ()
印度之行
Modernists
⑴ 3 Novelists
① James
Joyce
② David Herbert Lawrence
③
Virgirnia Woolf
1. David Herbert
Lawrence戴维•赫伯特•劳伦斯1885~1930
①
【Mrs. Morel】,
daughter of a middle-class family, is woman of
character and refinementa strong-willed,
intelligent and ambitious
woman who is
fascinated by a warm, vigorous and sensuous coal
miner,
Walter Morel, and married beneath her
own , she was
desponded at her husband
and put her love to her sons. She h
opes that
they
will become outstanding
【Paul
Morel】depends heavily on his mother’s love and
help to make
sense of the world around him. He
struggle to free from his mother’s
influence,
but he failed. After his mother has died and he is
left alone, in
despair.
Theme:
Lawrence was one of the first novelists to
introduce themes of
psychology into his works.
He believed that the healthy way of the
individual’s psychological development lay in
the primacy of the life
implulse, or in
another term, the sexual sexuality was,
to
Lawrence, a symbol of life presenting the
psychological
experience of indivudual human
life and of human relationships,
Lawrence has
opened up a wide new territory to the novel
Oedipus Complex is a thematic feature of D.
H. Lawrence’s
Sons and Lovers
②
③
④
2. James
Joyce詹姆斯•乔伊斯1882~1941
（爱尔兰小说家，意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness
一个青年艺术家的肖像
3.
Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅•沃尔芙1882~1941
（意识流小说的代表人物）stream-of-consciousness
①
Novels
⑵ 2 Poets
① W. B. Yeats (William Butler
Yeats )
② T.S. Eliot ( Thomas Sterns Eliot
)
m Butler Yeats威廉•勃特勒•叶茨1865~1939
（爱尔兰诗人，剧作家； The Irish nationalist movement
爱尔兰独立运动；
The Irish Literary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴；
The Irish Literary Theater, or the
Abbey
Theater 爱尔兰民族剧团）
⑴ collections
①
②
⑵ Poems
2.
Thomas Sterns Eliot（诗人，剧作家，批评家）
⑴ Poems
①
②
③