英语翻译_考点_打印版
无锡灵山大佛导游词-意大利留学专业
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Japanese society 日本社会结构
------E-C week 2 .................................
......................................... 1
Academic freedom 学术自由 E-C week 3 ............
..................................................
...................... 1
a new type of
Internet connection新的网络连接形式week3 .................
......................................... 2
the glass as half full 半杯水的杯子 ................
..................................................
................................ 2
competitive
sports 体育运动竞争性 ...................................
..................................................
........... 3
mistake failure失误失败 ...........
..................................................
..................................................
. 3
Third-hand smoke三手烟 ......................
..................................................
......................................... 3
了解过去 一个中国的原则 半张着口坐在前排 每晚必通电话
......................................... 4
保护
野生生物..............................................
..................................................
.................................... 4
大量计算的任务
..................................................
..................................................
............................ 4
发明创新的黄金时期 .....
..................................................
..................................................
............... 4
中国市场 .......................
..................................................
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................ 5
对事物的驾驭能力 ..................
..................................................
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...... 5
电视 ..................................
..................................................
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1. Japanese society 日本社会结构
------E-C week 2
One of the things we have to
understand about Japanese society is its
gender structure, a structure similar to what
the United States had in the 1950s.
Women do
all the domestic{ [dəˈmɛstɪk] 家庭的} labor{[ˈlebɚ]
劳动}. Men
are in the factories and shops and
they’re working long hours, but they don’t do
much work when they come home. They don’t take
care of children, they don’t
do housework,
cooking, etc. In the US, there are both men and
women in the
work force and both men and women
at home. Japanese workers may work
longer in
the marketplace, but you have to calculate the
total amount of work
that people do to figure
out how hard people are working and how much
leisure
{
[ˈli:ʒər]
空闲的休闲的}
time
they have.
我们必须了解日本社会的一点，就是它的性别分工结构，这种分工类似
于美国二十世纪五十年代的性别分工。妇女包揽全部家务劳动，男人在工厂
或商店上班，他们工作时间很
长，但是回到家里就不干什么活儿。他们不看
孩子、不做家务、也不做饭，等等。然而，如今在美国，男
女都参加工作，
也都从事家务劳动。日本工人可能在工作单位劳动时间较长，但我们在计算
人们
的劳动强度和闲暇时间的多少时，必须把全部劳动都算在内。
2. Academic
freedom 学术自由 E-C week 3
Academic{学术的} freedom
includes the liberty{[ˈlɪbərti] 自由} of
individuals to express freely opinions{opinion
[əˈpɪnjən] 意见} about the
institution{[ˈɪnstɪˈtu:ʃn] 机构} or system in
which they work, to fulfill
their functions
without discrimination{歧视,辨别,区别} or fear of
repression{约束,压制} by the State or any other
actor, to
participate{[pɑ:rˈtɪsɪpeɪt]
参加某事；分享某事} in professional or
representative
academic bodies, and to enjoy all the
internationally recognized
human rights
applicable to other individuals in the same
jurisdiction. The
enjoyment of academic
freedom carries with it obligations, such as the
duty to
respect the academic freedom of
others, to ensure the fair discussion of
contrary views, and to treat all without
discrimination on any of the prohibited
grounds.
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学术自由指个体有权自由地表达他们
对所在机构或系统的意见，有权履
行他们的职责而不受歧视或者担心政府与其他人的压制，有权参加专业
或有
代表性的学术团体，以及有权享受所有国际公认的适用于在同一管辖范围内
的其他人的人权
。在享有学术自由权利的同时也需承担义务，例如，尊重他
人的学术自由，确保对立观点的公平讨论，并
且对所有人一视同仁，没有法
律所禁止的任何歧视。
{
represent
[ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt]
vt. 表现，象征 vi.
代表；提出异议
}
{
representative
[ˌrɛprɪˈzɛntətɪv]
adj.
典型的；有代表性的；代议制的 n. 代表；继任者
}
{
representation
[ˌrɛprɪzɛnˈteʃən]
n.
表现；陈述
}
{ recognize [ˈrɛkəɡˈnaɪz] vt.
认出；识别；承认 vi. 承认，确认}
{ applicable
[ˈæplɪkəbəl, əˈplɪkə-]
adj. 适当的；可应用的 }
{ jurisdiction
[ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃn]
n.
司法权；管辖权；管辖范围；权限}
{ obligation
[ˌɑ:blɪˈgeɪʃn]
n. 义务，责任}
{ contrary
[ˈkɑ:ntreri]
adj. 相反的；违反的，反对的；对立的}
{
prohibit
[proˈhɪbɪt] vt. 禁止，阻止
}
{ground
[ɡraʊnd]
n.
地面，土地；基础；范围；阵地，战场 vi. 搁浅，停飞；着陆}
3. a new
type of Internet connection新的网络连接形式week3
Engineers are developing a new type of
Internet connection that could
carry so much
data so quickly it might surprise even Net
surfers. This
technology would open up a route
through which data can be sent at speeds
thousands of times faster than what’s possible
now. If all goes to plan, the vast
data speeds
may soon be available to all. That might help
solve the problem of
how to handle the
enormous growth in Internet traffic. The
technology would
require some new software and
fiber-optic links to the PC, but otherwise no
change in basic facilities.
工程师们正在开发一种新的网络
连接形式，这种网络连接形式能够使大
量的数据得以快速的传输，即使是网上冲浪者也会为之惊喜。该项
技术将会
开启一个新的传输数据的途径，这可使发送数据的速度比现有的速度快几千
倍。如果所
有的计划付诸实施，很快人们就都会享受到极快的数据传输速度。
这可以帮助解决如何应付网络传输量巨
大增长的问题。该项技术将需要一些
新的软件和光导纤维与个人计算机相连接。但除此之外，无需改变任
何基本
设备。
4. the glass as half full 半杯水的杯子
Do you see the glass as half full rather than
half empty? Do you keep your
eye upon the
doughnut, not upon the hollow? Suddenly these
clichés are
scientific questions, as
researchers scrutinize the power of positive
thinking. A
fast-growing body of research—104
studies so far, involving some 15,000
people—is proving that optimism can help you
to be happier, healthier and
more successful;
pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness,
sickness and
failure, and is linked to
depression, loneliness and painful shyness. “If
you could
teach people to think more
positively,” says psychologist Craig A. Anderson
of
Rice University in Houston, “it would be
like inoculating them against these
mental
ills.”
盛有半杯水的杯子，你是认为还有半杯水呢，还是只剩下半杯水了你认
为是半
满还是半空？空心的面包圈，你是看到那圈面包呢，还是只关注那个
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空心？这些老生常谈的问题，在研究人员细致考察积极思维的作用时，却突
然具有了科学意义。这样的
研究与日剧增，至今已有104项、涉及大约15000
人。研究结果表明，乐观能使人更愉快，更健康
，更成功；相反，悲观则导
致失望、疾病和失败，并造成沮丧、孤独和令人痛苦的怯懦等心理问题。休<
br>斯顿的莱斯大学的心理学家 Craig A. Anderson说：“如果能教会人们以更积极
的方式去思考问题，那就好象给他们接种了预防这类心理疾病的疫苗。”
5.
competitive sports 体育运动竞争性
Nearly all the
sports practiced nowadays are competitive. You
play to win,
and the game has little meaning
unless you do your utmost to win. At the
international level, sport is frankly mimic
warfare. But the significant thing is
not the
behavior of the players but the attitude of the
spectators: and, behind
the spectators, of the
nations who work themselves into furies over these
absurd contests, and seriously believe -- at
any rate for short periods -- that
running,
jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national
virtue.
现在开展的体育运动几乎都是竞争性的。参加比赛就是为了获胜。如果
不拚命
去赢，比赛就没有什么意义。坦率来讲，在国际比赛中，体育就是一
场模拟战争。但是，重要的还不是运
动员的行为，而是观众的态度，以及观
众身后各个国家的态度。面对这些荒唐的比赛，参赛的各个国家会
如痴如狂，
甚至煞有介事地相信 -- 至少在短期内如此 --
跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是对一个
民族品德素质的检验。
6. mistake
failure失误失败
Leaders know themselves; they know
their strengths and nurture them.
The leaders
in my group seemed unacquainted with the concept
of failure.
What you or I might call a
failure, they referred to as a mistake. I began
collecting synonyms for the word “failure”
mentioned in the interview, and I
found more
than 20: mistake, error, false start, flop, loss,
miss, stumble, botch,
bungle,--but not
failure. One CEO told me that if she had a knack
for leadership,
it was the capacity to make as
many mistakes as she could as soon as possible,
and thus get them out of the way. Another said
that a mistake is simply
“another way of doing
things.” These leaders learn from and use
something that
doesn’t go well; it is not a
failure but simply the next step.
当领导的人有自知之明：
他们了解自己的长处并加以发挥。我所调查的
领导们似乎不知道失败的概念。你我称为失败的事情，他们
称之为失误。在
访谈中，他们用别的同义词代替“失败”这个词，这些同义词有20多个，如
过
失、错误、起步失误、栽了、亏了、错失、弄错、弄糟、搞砸(砸锅)等等，
但都不是“失败”。一位首
席执行官告诉我，如果说她有当领导的诀窍的话，
那就是尽早地把她会犯的错误都犯了，以免日后再出错
。另一位说，犯错无
非是“另一种办事的方法”。这些领导们从挫折中学习并充分利用这些机会，
在他们看来，这些不顺并不等于失败，只不过是为下一步指明了方向。
7. Third-hand
smoke三手烟
Third-hand smoke is tobacco smoke
contamination that lingers in carpets,
clothes
and other materials hours or even days after a
cigarette is put out.
According to a study, a
large number of people, particularly smokers have
no
idea that third-hand smoke is a health
hazard for people. Of the 1500 smokers
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and nonsmokers surveyed, the vast
majority agreed that second-hand smoke is
dangerous. But when asked whether they agreed
with the statement,
“Breathing air in a room
today where people smoked yesterday can harm your
health”, only 65% of nonsmokers and 43% of
smokers answered “yes”.
三手烟是指灭掉烟后几小时或几天之内仍然存留
在地毯、衣物以及其他
物品中的烟污染。研究表明，很多人，尤其是烟民，都不知道三手烟会危害
人们的健康。在被调查的1500名烟民和非烟民中，绝大多数人都认同二手烟
的危害。然而当他们被
问到是否同意“吸入前一天有人吸烟的屋子里的空气会
危害你的健康”时，只有65%的非烟民和43%
的烟民给予了肯定的回答。
8. 了解过去 一个中国的原则 半张着口坐在前排
每晚必通电话
了解过去有助于了解现在，了解现在有助于预知未来。
坚持一个中国的原则，是实现和平统一的基础和前提。
那个孩子半张着口坐在前排。
我们俩在伦敦的时候，不论时间有多晚，每晚必通电话。
An acquaintance
of the past is helpful to the acquaintance of the
present,
which is in turn helpful to the
prediction of the future.
Adherence to the
principle of One China is the basis and premise
for
peaceful reunification.
That child sat
in the first row with his mouth half open.
Never a night passed when we were both in
London that we did not call
each other, no
matter how late When we were in London, we called
each
other no matter how late it was at night.
9. 保护野生生物
环境科学家们说，如果要使地球继续供养人类生存，保护野生生物是极<
br>为重要的。这些专家说我们必须明白在我们的这个环境供养系统中，我们自
己与野生动植物之间的
重要联系。他们指出，没有人有把握地知道这些动植
物中的哪一种将来可能对我们有用。
The environmentalists said that if we wanted
the earth to continue to
support the human
beings it is extremely important to protect the
wild life.
These experts went on to say that
we must understand the important relation
between us and wild animals and plants in our
environmental supporting
system. They pointed
out that nobody knows for sure which kind of
animal or
plant would be useful for us in the
future.
10. 大量计算的任务
科学家与工程师使用这类世界上运算速度最快的
计算机——超级计算机
来完成各种需要进行大量计算的任务，例如机翼的设计，天气预报和核武器
的制造等工作。
The world’s fastest class of
computers, super-computers, are used by
scientists and engineers to
performaccomplishcomplete tasks requiring huge
numbers of calculation, such as designing
airplane wings, forecasting the
weather and
building nuclear weapons.
11. 发明创新的黄金时期
过
去50年其实并不是发明创新的黄金时期。从1900年到1950年，改变
人类生活的发明有汽车、飞
机、电话、收音机、电视机—当然还有核武器和
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计算机。而近50
年来，只有为数不多的发明。难道发明的源泉已经枯竭了吗？
答案并非如此。事实上，发明的新时代刚刚
开始。
The past fifty years is not really a
golden age for inventions and creations.
From
1900 to 1950, the inventions which changed man’s
life are automobiles,
airplanes, telephones,
radios, televisions and of course, nuclear weapons
and
computers. In the recent fifty years,
there have been few inventions. Is the
source
for inventions exhausted? The reply is not so. As
a matter of fact, a new
age for inventions has
just started.
12. 中国市场
中国市场很大，吸引着全世界的投资者，但
要想在中国取得成功其实还
是很困难的，即使是一些跨国公司也可能有在中国遭遇失败的经历，原因之<
br>一就是中国市场很复杂。一位日本企业家曾感叹：中国市场比美国市场复杂
100倍！
China has a huge market that attracts
investors from around the world.
However, it
is not so easy for a business to be successful in
China. Even some
multinational corporations
have experienced failures here. One of the reasons
for this is the complexity of the Chinese
market. As a Japanese entrepreneur
put it,
“The Chinese market is 100 times more complicated
than the American
one!”
13. 对事物的驾驭能力
对事物的驾驭能力是事业能否成功的试金石。乐观的人自信能驾驭生活。
如果事情不顺利，他就会立即采
取行动。寻求解决办法，制定新的行动计划，
并主动求教于他人。悲观的人则觉得自己只是命运的玩物，
他行动迟缓，也
不向别人求教，因为他认为一切都无济于事。
A sense of
control is the test of success. The optimist feels
in control of his
own life. If things are
going badly（smoothly）, he acts (takes actions)
quickly
(immediately), looking for solutions,
forming a new plan of action, and
reaching out
for advice. The pessimist believes in fate destiny
and moves
slowly. He doesn’t seek advice,
since he assumes nothing can be done.
14. 电视 <
br>电视在我们日常生活中的作用主要反映在娱乐和信息两个方面。娱乐包括电影、音乐、体育比赛等。
信息包括新闻、教育节目、讲座等。在娱乐方面，电视使我们的生活丰富多彩；在信息方面，我们可以
了解到所发生的一切。
The role of TV in our daily life is
reflected mainly in two aspects, namely
entertainment and information. The
entertainment includes films, music, sports,
etc. And information includes news, education
programs, lectures, etc. The
entertainment
makes our life colorful while information provided
by TV
enables us to keep in touch with what is
happening around us.
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