Enlightenment 英国文学史启蒙运动
元朝皇帝-日月潭教案
The 18
th
century
1．Enlightenment Intellectual movement
an
expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against
feudalism.
against class inequality,
stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of
feudalism.
They attempted to place all
branches of science at the service of mankind by
connecting them with
the actual needs and
requirements of people.
2. Classicism
balance, proportion, decorum and restraint
attributed to the major works of ancient Greek and
Roman literature
3．Difference 17th and
18th Classicism
17 please the declining
aristocracy
18 for the rising bourgeoisie
to tidy up the capitalist social order.
4．Joseph Addison and Richard Steele essayists
Richard Steele and The Tatler
essays.
in a conversational style
Joseph Addison and
“The Spectator“
it contained a gallery of
vivid portraits of the members of the so-called
supposed to be edited by a small club headed
by Mr. Spectator
The most striking features
of the paper are the character sketches of Mr.
Spectator and the
members of his club，and
these sketches become the forerunner of the modern
English novel.
They attempted to improve
manners and moral
contribution
1. new code
of social morality for the bourgeoisie.
2.
picture of the social life
3. the English
essay had completely established itself as a
literary genre. Using it as a form of
character sketching and story-telling, they
ushered in the dawn of modern English novel.
der Pope
most important English
poet,representative of the Enlightenment,one of
the first to introduce
rationalism to
England,master in satiric and didactic verse
An Essay on Criticism
heroic couplet,
aesthetic theories. a comprehensive study of
theories of literary criticism. .
Essay on Man
heroic couplet, indicates political and
philosophical viewpoint
The Rape of the Lock
mock-heroic poem, in which he satirized the
triviality and silliness of the high society with
a
delicate wit.
The Dunciad the Iliad of
Dunces
Pope was also an editor of
Shakespeare's plays.
the poet laureate桂冠诗人
an outstanding enlightener and the greatest
English poet of the classical school
6、Jonathan Swift master satirist
The
Battle of the Books satirical dialogue on the
comparative merits of ancient and modern
writers. Thought ancient writers were
better than the modern ones.
A Tale of a
Tub（木桶的故事）a prose satire and a sharp attack on the
disputes among the different
sects of the
Christian religion.
Gulliver's Travels
(fiction work) Lillipu,Brobdingnag,Flying
Island,Houyhnhnm
particular voyage of the hero
and his extraordinary adventures on some remote
island
floating island of Laputa . absent-
minded philosophers and astronomers.
satirizes the scientists who keep themselves
aloof from practical life.
island of
Sorcerers. satire against all kinds of English
social institutions.
Pamphlets on
Ireland:denounced the cruel and unjust treatment
of Ireland by the English
government.
The
Drapier’s Letters A Modest Proposal
forerunner of the English realistic novel.
all take the form of memoirs or pretended
historical narratives, everything in them gives
the
impression of reality.
jack-of-all-
trades great in journalism and authorship
Moll Flanders
Robinson Crusoe based on a
real fact
Plot:It praise the fortitude of the
human labor and the Puritan. Robinson grew from a
naive and
artless youth into a shrewd and
hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his
eventful life. It is
an adventure story,
Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets
shipwrecked and marooned on a
lonely island,
struggles to live for 24-years there and finally
gets relieved and returns to England.
Meaning:realistic account of the successful
struggle of Robinson alone against the pitiless
forces
of nature on the island,representative
of the English bourgeoisie at the earlier stages
of its
development. best qualities: his
marvellous capacity for work, his boundless energy
and
persistence in overcoming obstacles. He
struggles hard against nature and makes her bend
before
his will. Defoe glorifies human labour
and the hero of bourgeoisie and defends the policy
of
colonialism of British government.
Richardson Pamela the first modern novel
noted as a storyteller, letter-writer and
moralizer.
Pamela a series of letters from
the heroine to her parents
girl of virtue,
bear the burden of a profligate放荡的 husband and how
she does all her best to
reform him.
意义ed
the life and love of ordinary people. b. moral
instruction.
c. secret thoughts and feelings.
the first English psycho-analytical novel.
Fielding father of the English novel, comic epic
in prose,first to give the modern novel
its
structure and style
novelist, dramatist,
essayist, pamphleteer, indeed a versatile man.
began by attacking Richardson’s Pamela .
criticized for its excessive sentimentality
and its utilitarian morality
her secret
pleasure in the temptations and her dexterous熟练的
manoeuvring to secure the
rewards of
virtue（把贞操当作商品待价而沽）
ridiculing Pamela’s
brother, Joseph Andrews, under the same
temptations
this novel called “a.”
散文滑稽史诗
Other works:Joseph Life of Mr.
Jonathan Wild the History of Tom Jones,
a Foundling
from the
of the
ruling classes.
Tom Jones is Fielding's
masterpiece, a pano’ramic全景的 picture of England
Smollett
Laurence Sterne The Life and
Opinions of Tristram Shandy
11. English Drama
not reach the same high level as novel
Richard
Brinsley Sheridan
The Rivals
The School
for Scandal best English comedy since shakespeare
Johnson lexicographer, critic and poet
A Dictionary of the English Language
Boswell's become a classic of English
biography.
Gibbon 吉朋
The Decline and
Fall of the Roman Empire
his classical and
elevated style a model for succeeding historians
and prose-writers.
entalism prized feeling
over thinking, passion over reason
sincere
sympathy for the poverty-stricken, expropriated
peasants
criticized the cruelty of the
capitalist relations and the social injustices
brought about by the
bourgeois revolutions.
Goldsmith poet, novelist, dramatist and
essayist
Poems: “The Traveller” “The Deserted
Village” (best) in the heroic couplet.
Novel
The Vicar of Wakefield
Gray
“Elegy
Written in a Country Churchyard” which is a model
of sentimentalist poetry.
-romanticism
strong protest against the bondage of
Classicism, by a recognition of the claims of
passion and
emotion, and by a renewed interest
in medieval literature.
Burns poor Scotch
peasant family passion for Scottish folk songs
Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect
Poetry several groups to the subject matter
A. love and friendship.
B. hate for the
oppression of the ruling class and his love for
freedom
C. patriotic poems
D. verse-tales
which he based on old Scottish legends.
m
Blake
Songs of Innocence A happy and innocent
world from children’s eye.
Songs of Experience
A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and
repression with a melancholy
tone from men
eyes.
Include: The Chimney Sweeper、London、
The Tiger Lamb is a symbol of peace and
purity Tiger is a symbol of dread and oiolence
The Marriage of Heaven and Hell