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自我复习资料之边防专业英语


边防专业英语
必考词汇：
border management (control) (security) 边防管理
al-Qaeda 基地组织
the Pentagon 五角大楼
US administration 美国当局
Department of State 美国国务院
fundamentalism 原教旨主义
separation of religion and state 政教分离
political activism 政治激进主义
illegal associations 非法结社
constitutionality 合宪性
illegal immigration 非法移民
source country 来源国
Homeland Security Department 国土安全局
Justice Department 司法部
Border Patrol 边境巡逻队
Intelligence agencies 情报
Social Security 社保
Transnational organized crime syndicates 跨国有组织犯罪集团
genocide war crimes crimes against human aggression 灭绝种族罪 战争罪 反人类罪 侵略
state party 缔约国
arms embargo 武器禁运
Islamic Conference 伊斯兰大会
African Union 非盟
Arab nations 阿拉伯国家
Universalism 普世主义
Trafficking in persons 贩运人口
Repatriation 遣返
Protocol 议定书
General Assembly 联合国大会
Convention 公约
Illegal entry 非法入境
Accomplice 共犯


文章：
Spanish Efforts to Put An End to Terrorism in the Basque Country
Origins and evolution of the Basque Conflict
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自我复习资料之边防专业英语


巴斯克起源和演化的冲突
As a cultural region, the Basque Country (Euskal Herria) constitutes an ensemble of seven
territories located in the European Western Pyreness, on the Biscay Gulfˊs shore. Over three
million inhabitants live in these territories that cover an extension of approximately 20664
squared kilometers.
作为一个城市的文化区域,在巴斯克国家(Euskal Herria)构成一套七领土位于欧洲西部
Pyreness,海湾ˊ年代比斯开湾岸边。三百万多万居民住在这些地区的延伸,占地约20664 平方公
里。
The Basquesˊhistory is an ancient one. According to the most learned historians, Basque is
one of the most ancient ethnics in Europe and the Basque language is considered a
pre-indoeuropean language whose origins are still very much discussed. Historically, Navarra was
a very important Kingdom and under Sancho Ⅲ its influence covered much more than all the
Basque territories. Nevertheless, upon his death in 1035 his Kingdom was distributed among his
heirs and, notwithstanding their cultural and linguistic links, from that point onward, the Basque
territories were never formed nor integrated into a political unity.
巴斯克人ˊ历史是一个古 老的一个。根据最有学问的历史学家,巴斯克是其中一个最古老的民族,
在欧洲和巴斯克人语言都被看作 是语言的起源pre-indoeuropean仍很讨论。从历史上看,那是一
个很重要的王国的影响 下,Ⅲ卡斯蒂尔覆盖更多的巴斯克地区比。然而,在他死后1035年,他的王
国在他的继承人和分布, 尽管他们的文化和语言的链接,从那时开始,巴斯克地区也从来没有形成
集合到一个政治上的统一。
Recent origins of the Basque political conflict are found in the long and difficult transition,
particularly in Spain, from the Ancien Regime to a liberal and constitutional system, In fact,since
the 18
th
century, the permanent questioning of the rights of the Basque provinces provoked a
progressive reinforcement of the Basque national feeling. Politically, the last two century of
nationalism, different attempts to assimilate Navarra and the other Basque territories with the
other Spanish provinces always found a very strong popular opposition and led to intermediate
solutions that were never completely accepted by any of both sides.
最近的起源中都发现了巴斯克政治冲突而漫长的困难的 转变,尤其是在西班牙,从前政权一个自
由宪政体制,事实上,因为18th世纪,永久的质疑巴斯克省 权利的一个循序渐进的加固惹巴斯克
民族感情。在政治上,最后两个世纪的民族主义,不同的试图同化和 其他巴斯克地区那和其他西班
牙省总是发现一个非常强大的受欢迎的反对,导致中间的解决方案,从来没 有完全接受任何的两
边。

Under the Constitution of the Second Republic, established in 1931, Spanish nationalities
and regions could benefit of a political autonomy. Thus, after the approval of the Catalan Statue,
in 1936 the first Autonomy Statute for the Basque Country gave way to the establishment of the
first provisional Government of Euzkadi. Although a provision opened the way to the
participation of Navarra, the 1936 Statute did not in the end include Navarra. In any case, the
military upraising had already taken place and military rebels won the Civil War after three years,
lead by General Franco. General Franco, acting as a Dictator, maintained the Fueros in Navarra
and Alava, who had supported him during the war, but declared the provinces of Bizkaia ang
Gipuzkoa, where the Basque Nationalists had a greater influence, as betrayers.
在第二共和国宪法,成立于1931年,西班牙民族和地区能受益的政治 自治。因此,当批准的加泰罗
尼亚的雕像,1936年第一届自治条例让位给巴斯克国家设立了第一个E uzkadi临时政府。尽管规
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自我复习资料之边防专业英语


定大开那的参与,1936 年的法令没有最后包括那。在任何情况下,军事upraising已经发生和军
事叛军赢得内战三年后 ,弗朗哥将军带领。弗朗哥将军,作为一个独裁者,维护了Fueros和Alava
在那,在战争中支 持他,但是他却宣称省和Gipuzkoa Bizkaia,那里有更大的影响力巴斯克民族主
义者,叛徒。


Franco Regime and the Birth of the ETA
佛朗哥政权和组织“埃塔”的诞生

The political repression in Spain during the Franco regime was immense and specifically
focused on popular and nationalist movement; thus, in the Basque against the passivity of the
traditional Basque nationalism and in 1959 a group of Basque students, dissident to EKIN, created
Euskadi Ta Askatasuna to assure the defense of the Basque language, Euskera, and the Basque
ethnic, as well as to fight against Spain and to support the independence of the seven Basque
territories. In 1961, the ETA committed its first violent action in the attempted derailment of a
train occupied by Franco sympathizers travelling to San Sebastian to celebrate its First Assembly
as the Basque Revolutionary Movement of National Freedom, a revolutionary and clandestine
organization that adopted armed struggle as its main vehicle for achieving Euskadi independence.
在西班牙的政治镇压在佛朗哥政权是巨大的,而特别聚焦在流行和民族主 义运动的;因此,在巴斯
克人反对的消极巴斯克民族主义传统,并且在1959年一群巴斯克学生,持不 同政见者对EKIN,创
造了Euskadi Ta Askatasuna保证的防御巴斯克语言,E uskera,巴斯克民族,以及对抗西班牙和支
持独立的七个巴斯克地区。1961年,首次ETA犯 暴力行为,企图占领一列火车脱轨佛朗哥同情者
前往圣塞巴斯蒂安庆祝了它的第一个组件看作是巴斯克革 命运动的国家自由、革命和秘密组织武
装斗争作为其主要采用车辆实现Euskadi独立。
In 1969, the Burgos Military Process sentenced nine ETA activists to the death penalty, This
provoked a strong international opposition forcing Franco to commute them. This important
military process thrust the ETA into worldwide recognition. Under Ftanco`s regime, the most
spectacular action of the ETA involved the killing of Admiral Carrero Blanco, the President of the
Spanish Government in 1973. In 1974, the ETA assassinated 12 civilians and wounded more that
80 in its first massive attack in Madrid. This attack provoked a division in the ETA among those
favorable to the popular insurrection, ETA military, and the members of ETA politico- militar that
accepted only selective violence, as practiced until 1974.
1969年,军事审判过程判处九埃塔举行活动 人士,死刑,这引发了强大的国际反对佛朗哥通勤迫
使他们。这个重要的军事审判过程把ETA在全世界 的认可。Ftanco政权下,最壮观的行动涉及杀
害上将埃塔Carrero布兰科,西班牙政府的总 统在1973年。1974年,埃塔12名平民和受伤遇刺
身亡,80年在其第一个大规模的攻击在马德 里。这次袭击引发一场分工在有利埃塔民变,埃塔军
事、成员,只接受politico- militar埃塔选择性暴力,作为练习,直至1974年。

The Effects of Pardons and Amnesties
谈到赦免和赦免的影响

Legal Developments on Terrorism within the Spanish Democracy
对恐怖主义的法律发展在西班牙的民主
Many reforms were introduced during the Spanish transition regarding the legal treatment
of terrorism. Until then, terrorist offenses were exclusively contained in the Code of Military
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自我复习资料之边防专业英语


Justice and prosecuted before military tribunals. During the political transition to Democracy, the
offenses were transferred to the Penal Code in 1977 and initially treated as ordinary crimes.
Nevertheless, in 1979 and particularly in 1981, new offences concerning association in armed
bands and the favoring of terrorism were introduced into the Penal Code. In1984, a special Act
was approved to refund and complement the whole and disperse legal and procedural legislation
on terrorism, outside of the Penal Code and of the Code of Penal Procedure. These new
provisions were later, in 1988, reintegrated into the Penal Code and the Code of Penal Procedure.
The approval of the 1995 new Penal Code did not put an end to the legal reforms in this field. On
the contrary, reforms appeared, and continue to appear, periodically with the purpose of
extending the incriminations and establishing harsher punishments, as it was specifically
recognized in 2003.
介绍了许多改革在西班牙过渡的法律处理关于恐怖主义。直到那时,恐怖主义犯罪是 专有地包含
在代码的军事正义和军事法庭起诉。在民主政治过渡,罪就被转移到刑法中最初在1977年 和年当
作普通犯罪。然而,在1979年,特别是在1981年,新的犯罪论协会在武装乐队和恐怖主义 的决定性
的刑法中引进了。总量,一个特别的行动是批准退款和补充,整个和分散的法律和程序立法对恐 怖
主义,在刑法和刑事程序的代码。这些新规定,以后,在1988年重新并入了“刑法和刑事程序的代 码。
1995年批准新刑法典没有结束在这一领域的法律改革。相反,改革出现了,并继续出现,定期的 目
的是扩大incriminations并建立更加严厉的处罚,因为它被明确地承认在2003年。
Nowadays, like in many other countries, Spanish anti-terrorist criminal legislation constitutes
“a typical example of emergency legislation”. Diversion from the general rules concerning
incriminations and sanctions are the principal characteristics of this legislation that is devoted to
assure a firm answer to terrorism in the criminal and penitentiary frame. This is done by
advancing the moment of penal intervention, expanding incriminations, increasing punishments
and their execution, even with respet to minors and juveniles, combining sentences with
mitigation measures, giving increased power to the prosecutorial and enforcement instance and
restricting procedural guarantees. Although history has repeatedly taught “that when the rule of
law is replaced by the rule of might, civilization regresses and the social costs increase far beyond
the temporary in recent times, by a decided extension of pressure on the Izquierda abertzale by
the way of new penal and non-penal legal reform: in particular, the new legislation on Political
Parties that established a “new perspective in the fight against terrorism”; at the same time a
new trend of case law, led by the Audiencia Nacional, decided to extend the concept of terrorism
to the social and political groups that operate in the “grey zone”, even if their behavior does not
involve violence directly.
如今,像许多其他国家一样,西班牙反恐刑事立法构成“一种 典型的紧急立法”。注意力从一般规则
涉及incriminations、制裁是其中的主要特点是专 门立法,来确保一个坚定的回答对恐怖主义犯
罪和监狱的框架。这是由推进时刻刑罚的干预,扩大inc riminations,增加处罚,他们的执行,即
使有respet青少年未成年人,结合句子与缓 解措施,给增加权力制约检察和执行程序实例,并保
证。虽然历史一再教”,当法治的规则将取代,文明 regresses增加社会成本远远超出了近年来临
时,决定延期的压力abertzale Izquierda走新型刑事司法改革和non-penal:特别是,新立法对
政党也建立了一个新 的视角对打击恐怖主义”;同时出现的一个新趋势的判例法的率领
下,Audiencia Nacio nal,决定延长恐怖主义的概念对社会和政治团体经营的“灰色地带”,即使他
们的行为不涉及暴力直 接。

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自我复习资料之边防专业英语


Attempts Towards a Negociated Resolution of ETA`s terrorism
商谈试图解决的恐怖主义组织“埃塔”

First Political Pacts(1987-1988)
第一个政治协定(1987 - 1988)(政党法)
Since the middle of the 1980`s, strengthening political cohesion and social rejection of
terrorism has been a recurrent thematic purpose of democratic political parties in Spain. Already
on November 5, 1987, after the ETA`s indiscriminate attack of Hipercor, in Barcelona, where 21
persons died, an important Pact was signed in Madrid, denouncing the ETA`s illegitimacy to
represent the Basque Country , rejecting the negotiation of political issues with the ETA and
requiring the ETA to abandon their weapons and respect democratic ways. This Pact was followed
by the Pact of Ajuria Enea, approved in the Basque Country after the publication of the Report
demanded by the Basque Government to an International Experts` Commission, and the
Agreement in Favor of Peace and Tolerance. The Pact of Ajuria Enea was signed by all the Basque
groups represented in the Basque Parliament, except Herri Batasuna. The pact of Ajuria Enea
aimed at rejecting violence, affirming the unity of all the democratic parties in the defense of the
Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country , its full development and declaring the leadership of
the Basque Government concerning the political and social action against violence and to achieve
peace. The Pact left an open door to favor the reinsertion of those who dissociated and, also, to
uphold dialogue between the State and terrorists to find a final solution to the violence.
自1980年代中期,加强政治凝聚力和社会 拒绝恐怖主义一直以来一个经常性的主题目的民主政
党在西班牙。已1987年11月5日是一种不加区 别的攻击后Hipercor埃塔的巴塞罗那,在那里
21人死亡,有一个重要的协议签署了在马德里, 谴责了ETA的私生子代表巴斯克的国家,拒绝谈判
的政治问题,需要多久埃塔放弃他们的武器和尊重民 主的方式。紧随其后的是这个协议的条约
Enea Ajuria批准后在巴斯克国家出版的报告要求政 府在巴斯克国际专家委员会及协议的支持和
平和宽容。这个协议的签署Ajuria Enea代表所有的巴斯克组的巴斯克议会,Herri Batasuna除
外。这个协议的Enea Ajuria旨在反对暴力,确认所有的民主党派团结的辩护自治条例巴斯克人
的国家。它的全面发展和 申报巴斯克政府有关领导的政治和社会行动反对暴力,才能实现和平。
这个协定左一扇开着的门利于复验 那些分离、以及维护国家和恐怖分子之间的对话,去找一个最
终解决暴力。

Algiers Talks and Other Intentions of the Socialist Government
阿尔及尔会谈和其他意图的社会主义政府

The “Democratic Alternative” and Further Efforts by the Socialist Government
“民主替代”和进一步的努力下,社会主义政府

Trafficking, Smuggling, and Human Rights
In recent years, the smuggling of human beings across international borders has grown
rapidly. A small-scale cross border activity affecting a handful of countries has become a

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自我复习资料之边防专业英语


multimillion-dollar activity that is global in scope.
近年来,走私人类穿越国界发展迅速。一个小型跨国活动影响少数的几个国家已成为一个 耗资数
百万美元的活动是全球的范围。
Information about human smuggling — the numbers of people smuggled, the conditions
that they endure in transit and their treatment on arrival — is patchy at best. It is currently
estimated that some 800,000 people are smuggled across borders every year. These figures
mask the complex and various experiences of the men, women, and children caught up in
such processes. Those who are smuggled include political refugees, those fleeing conflict and
violence of various kinds, and economic migrants in search of a better life.
偷渡的信息——许多人走私的条件,在运输途中,他们忍受和处理抵达-只是一鳞半爪的。目前估
计有大约800000人每年走私跨越国界。这些数据显示出复杂、各种场合的男人、女人和孩子被
这 样的过程。那些走私包括政治难民,那些逃离冲突和暴力的各种各样,经济移民寻找一个更好的
生活。
This is by nature a secretive, illicit activity, and one that is increasingly controlled by
transnational organized crime syndicates. What little we do hear, however, gives ample cause
for human rights concerns — numerous press articles describe cases of migrants drowning in
unsafe vessels or suffocating to death in overcrowded truck compartments and ships, or
being victimized for revealing information about smuggling gangs.
这是一个隐秘天性,非法行为,另一个是跨国组织越 来越强的控制犯罪集团。我们很少听见什么,
然而,给予充分的人权问题原因——许多出版社文章描述的 移民淹死在不安全的情况下船舶、窒
息死在拥挤的卡车车厢和船,或牺牲品,揭示信息对走私团伙。
Many of those who do reach their destination find themselves locked in cycles of violence,
exploitation, and abuse. These violations tend to go unreported because the victims fear
arrest and deportation on one hand, and retribution by smuggling gangs on the other.
许多人做到达目的地发现自己锁在周期的暴力、剥削、和虐待。这些侵害会没有恐惧,因 为受害
者逮捕和驱逐出境,一方面藉由走私团伙,报复。
The spread of human smuggling needs to be understood in the context of globalization
and migration. Since 1965, the number of international migrants has doubled to some 175
million persons at the turn of the millennium. Prospects of a better life abroad, poverty,
economic marginalization, political and social unrest, and conflict are all incentives to move.
偷渡的传播需要理解全球化的语境中,迁移。自1965年 以来,国际移民的数量已经增加了一倍,有
1.75亿人在接下来的年。一个更好的海外生活的前景、贫 困、经济边缘化、政治和社会动荡和冲
突都是激励移动。
In an increasingly interconnected world, movement is easier. As push and pull factors
encourage increasing numbers of people to migrate, these individuals in turn collide with the
many legal obstacles to entry that industrialized countries have put in place.
在一个日益相互连结的世界,运动更容 易。为推动因素鼓励越来越多的移民,这些个体反过来碰撞
与许多法律障碍,工业发达国家政府相继进入 到位。
However, opportunities to immigrate legally are severely limited. Migrants, including
asylum seekers, have increasingly resorted to illegal entry and unauthorized stays, and
ever-larger numbers use the services of smugglers to evade the system, compounding their
vulnerability to exploitation and ill treatment.
然而,机会合法移民是非常有限。移民,包括难民已经越来越多地采取非法入境 或未经授权的停留,
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自我复习资料之边防专业英语


不断加大编号使用我们的服务的走私者回避制度、添加他们的弱点剥削和病的治疗。
Human Rights and the Definitions of Smuggling and Trafficking
人权和走私、贩
卖的定义

Despite the plethora of human rights concerns associated with human smuggling, it is in
fact the law enforcement imperative — the war against terrorism, narcotics, and irregular
migration — that have moved this issue up the international policy agenda.
尽管大量的人权问题伴随着人类走私,它实际上是执法必须- 反对恐怖主义的战争、贩毒、不规则
的迁移,这可以搬这个问题国际政策议程。
In 2000, states drafted two new protocols to the UN Convention on Transnational
Organized Crime (UN TOC) dealing with trafficking and smuggling respectively. The
Trafficking and Smuggling Protocols, more commonly known as the Palermo Protocols, came
into force on December 23, 2003 and January 28, 2004 respectively.
在2000年 ,美国的两个新协议起草《联合国海洋法公约》跨国组织犯罪(联合国TOC)处理交易和
走私的分别。 交易和走私的协议,更普遍的被称为巴勒莫的协议,生效于2003年12月23日和1
月28日,20 04人次。
The Palermo Protocols are framed around a central dichotomy between coerced and
consensual irregular migrants. Whereas people who are trafficked are assumed not to have
given their consent and are considered to be
smuggled are considered to have willingly engaged in a criminal enterprise. There is also a
gender dimension to these distinctions: whereas those who are smuggled are mostly
assumed to be men, victims of trafficking are associated with the traditional targets of
protective concern — women and children.
巴 勒莫的协议框架在中央的内在矛盾强迫合意不规则的移民。而被贩卖的假设不给征得他们的同
意,并被认 为是“受害者”或“幸存者”走私的人都被认为拥有自愿从事犯罪企业。也有一种社会性
别视角对这些区 别:而那些走私大多是假设是男人,人口贩运受害者方面的目标相联系的传统保
护的关注——妇女和儿童 。
Trafficking
The UN TOC Convention brought to a close decades of frustrating and inward-looking
debate about the distinction between human trafficking and human smuggling. Trafficking is
defined as:
....the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of
the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of
the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments
or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the
purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the
prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery
or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs. ...The consent of a victim
of trafficking in persons to the intended exploitation... shall be irrelevant where any of the
means set forth (above) have been used. The recruitment, transportation, transfers... of a
child for the purpose of exploitation shall be considered 'trafficking in persons
does not involve any of the means set forth (above).
联 合国大会结束带来TOC数十年的令人沮丧的争论,有些之间的区别和偷渡人口贩卖。交易的定义
是:
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自我复习资料之边防专业英语


.... 招聘、运输、转让、窝藏和接受的人,通过使用或威胁使用暴力或其他形式的强制、绑架、< br>欺诈、欺骗、滥用权力或仓位的弱点或发出或收到付款或利益达到一个人同意掌握另一个人,为
了 剥削。开发应包括,即使在最小程度上,利用卖淫别人或其他形式的性别剥削,强迫劳动或服务,
蓄奴或 类似于奴隶制度实践、奴役或消除器官。…甲方同意人口贩卖的受害者计划开发…应在任
何无关的手段提 出(以上)已被使用。招聘、运输、转移…一个孩子的目的是为了开发应视为“贩
卖人口”,即使这并不 包括任何手段提出(如上图所示)。
This definition of coercion is expansive, reflecting perhaps the concerted input and
interest of the human rights and feminist lobbies in the drafting of this protocol (an interest
that was less evident in the Smuggling Protocol).
这个定义勉强是广阔的,反映出共同的输入和兴趣也许人 权和女权主义的游说起草这个协议(一
个兴趣明显少了走私协议)。
Coercion is not simply brute physical force, or even mental domination, but includes
abuse of a position of vulnerability.
situations, since poverty, hunger, illness, lack of education, and displacement could all
constitute a position of vulnerability. Whether a particular arrangement constitutes
may be as much a question of assessing the market or
migration service as of characterizing a personal interaction.
强迫不仅 仅是蛮体力,甚至心理支配,但包括“滥用位置的脆弱性。“这可能包含一个非常广泛的情
况,因为贫穷 、饥饿、疾病、缺乏教育及位移的位置都可以构成一个弱点。特别安排是否构成“滥
用”可能是一个问题 的评估一样市场或“走”收费定价问题的一个特定的移民服务的个人特征的相
互作用。

Second, the trafficking definition requires exploitation, but exploitation itself is undefined.
However, the trafficking definition does include exploitative actions, such as prostitution of
others, as well as a range of non-sexual labor relationships that are
slavery, child labor, or oppressive forms of labor. It is
agnostic on whether prostitution itself constitutes exploitation, reflecting the deeply polarized
views within UN Member States on the topic.
第二,人口贩卖定义需要利用,但开发本身是未定义的。然而,《人口贩 卖定义确实包括剥削行为,
诸如卖淫别人,以及一系列的无性的劳动关系,是“实践类似于奴隶制”等劳 动契约、保税、童工、
或压迫形式的劳动。这是不可知论者在卖淫本身是否构成剥削,这反映了极化的观 点深深在联合
国会员国的话题。
In sum, the protocol's critical ingredients for trafficking in persons are the presence of
exploitation and the fact of coercion. Cross-border transport of the trafficked person is not
required, provided the offense is
4).
总之,此协议的关键成分是贩卖人口的存在事实的剥 削和压迫。跨境运输中的贩卖人并不是必需
的,提供了进攻是“跨国性质的确定的联合国TOC(第4条 )。
Smuggling
In contrast, the term
transactions where the transporter and the transportee agree to circumvent immigration
control for mutually advantageous reasons. The Smuggling Protocol defines
migrants
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自我复习资料之边防专业英语



benefit, of the illegal entry of a person into a State Party of which the person is not a national
or a permanent resident
相反,术语“走私遵 循一般的实践,是指交易双方的地方和transportee运输车同意移民控制规
避互利的原因。走 私议定书界定“走私移民”如:
“采购,为了获得直接或间接金融或其他物质利益,一个人走进非法入 境的签署国,人不是一种国
家或永久居民”(第三条)。
The two critical ingredients of this definition are illegal border crossing by the smuggled
person and receipt of a material benefit by the smuggler.
这两个关键成分这个定义是非法的边境走私的人,接受实惠的走私犯。



贩运人口定义：

“Trafficking in persons” shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or
receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use or force or other forms of coercion, of
abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the
giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over
another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the
exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or
services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs.
“ 人口贩卖”是指招聘、运输、转让、窝藏和接受的人,通过使用或威胁使用武力或或其他形式的
强制、绑 架、欺诈、欺骗、滥用权力或仓位的弱点或发出或收到付款或利益达到一个人同意掌握
另一个人,为了剥 削。开发应包括,即使在最小程度上,利用卖淫别人或其他形式的性别剥削,强迫
劳动或服务,蓄奴或类 似于奴隶制度实践、奴役或消除器官。

偷运移民定义：

“Smuggling of migrants” shall mean the procurement, in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a
financial or other material benefit, of the illegal entry of a person into a State Party of which the
person is not a national or a permanent resident.
“走私移民”是指采购,为 了获得直接或间接的,财务或其他物质利益,一个人走进非法入境的签署
国,人不是一种国家或永久居民 。

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