此致敬礼的正确格式-七夕节传说

In the third millenium BCE, Mesopotamian kings recorded
andinterpreted their dreams on wax tablets. A thousand years
later, Ancient Egyptians wrote a dream book listing over a
hundred common dreamsand their meanings. And in the years
since, we haven't paused in our questto understand why we
dream. So, after a great dealof scientific research, technological
advancement, and persistence, we still don't have any definite
answers,but we have some interesting theories.
We dream to fulfill our wishes. In the early 1900s, Sigmund
Freud proposed that while allof our dreams, including our
nightmares, are a collection of imagesfrom our daily conscious
lives, they also have symbolic meanings, which relate to the
fulfillmentof our subconscious wishes. Freud theorized that
everything we remember when we wake up from a dream is a
symbolic representation of our unconscious primitive
thoughts,urges, and desires. Freud believed that by
analyzingthose remembered elements, the unconscious content
would be revealedto our conscious mind, and psychological
issues stemmingfrom its repression could be addressed and
resolved.
We dream to remember. To increase performance on certain
mental tasks, sleep is good, but dreaming while sleeping is

better. In 2010, researchers found that subjects were much better
at getting through a complex 3-D maze if they had napped and
dreamedof the maze prior to their second attempt. In fact, they
were up to ten times better at it than those who only thought of
the mazewhile awake between attempts, and those who napped
but did not dreamabout the maze. Researchers theorize that
certainmemory processes can happen only when we are asleep,
and our dreams are a signalthat these processes are taking place.

We dream to forget. There are about 10,000 trillion neural
connections within the architecture of your brain. They are
created by everything you thinkand everything you do. A 1983
neurobiological theory of dreaming,called reverse learning,
holds that while sleeping,and mainly during REM sleep cycles,
your neocortex reviews these neural connections and dumps the
unnecessary ones. Without this unlearning process, which
results in your dreams, your brain could be overrun by useless
connections and parasitic thoughts could disruptthe necessary
thinking you need to do while you're awake.
We dream to keep our brains working. The continual activation
theory proposesthat your dreams result from your brain's need to
constantlyconsolidate and create long-term memories in order to

function properly. So when external input fallsbelow a certain
level, like when you're asleep, your brain automatically triggers
the generation of data from its memory storages, which appear
to you in the form ofthe thoughts and feelings you experience in
your dreams. In other words, your dreams might bea random
screen saver your brain turns on so it doesn't completely shut
down.
We dream to rehearse. Dreams involving dangerous and
threateningsituations are very common, and the primitive
instinct rehearsal theory holds that the content of a dreamis
significant to its purpose. Whether it's an anxiety-filled night
ofbeing chased through the woods by a bear or fighting off a
ninja in a dark alley, these dreams allow you to practiceyour
fight or flight instincts and keep them sharp and dependablein
case you'll need them in real life. But it doesn't always have to
be unpleasant. For instance, dreams about your attractive
neighbor could actually give your reproductiveinstinct some
practice, too.
We dream to heal. Stress neurotransmitters in the brainare much
less active during the REM stage of sleep, even during dreams
of traumatic experiences, leading some researchers to theorize
that one purpose of dreaming is to takethe edge off painful

experiences to allow for psychological healing. Reviewing
traumatic eventsin your dreams with less mental stress may
grant you a clearer perspective and enhanced ability to process
themin psychologically healthy ways. People with certain mood
disordersand PTSD often have difficulty sleeping, leading some
scientists to believethat lack of dreaming may be a contributing
factorto their illnesses.
We dream to solve problems. Unconstrained by realityand the
rules of conventional logic, in your dreams, your mind can
createlimitless scenarios to help you grasp problems and
formulate solutionsthat you may not consider while awake. John
Steinbeck called it the committee of sleep, and research has
demonstrated the effectiveness of dreaming on problem solving.
It's also how renowned chemist August Kekule discovered the
structure of the benzene molecule, and it's the reason that
sometimes the best solution for a problem is to sleep on it. And
those are just a few of the moreprominent theories. As
technology increases our capabilityfor understanding the brain,
it's possible that one day we will discover the definitive reason
for them. But until that time arrives,we'll just have to keep on
dreaming.

hey Vsauce Michael here and today we are going to talk about
why we dream what's going on inside our brains the scientific
study of dreaming is called Anaya Rolla G and for most of
history it didn't really exist because you can't hold a dream it's
difficult to measure a dream you can't taste it you can't see other
people's dreams and if you ask them to tell you what they
dreamt the results are almost always unreliable in fact it's
estimated that we forget 95% of the dreams we have especially
within the first 10 minutes of having them but then in 1952
something amazing happened researchers at the University of
Chicago found this it's a unique type of electrical activity that
occurs during a certain stage of a person's sleeping when
researchers awoke people during this stage they almost always
reported that they had been dreaming also at the same time
during this stage people's eyeballs are going crazy rapidly
darting all over the place underneath their eyelids you can
actually see this happening if you watch people sleep like I
usually do during REM sleep some pretty bizarre stuff happens
if you look at the electrical activity of a brain that is in REM
sleep it almost exactly mimics the way the brain acts when it's

awake the biggest difference being that the production of
chemicals inside the brain like norepinephrine serotonin and
histamine is almost completely blocked and that causes the
muscles to stop moving which is why you can dream about
flying or running around or fighting ninjas but your body doesn't
move people who have a disorder achieving complete REM 8
topia move around in their sleep and act out their dreams they
can even get out of bed and sleepwalk Oh before you move
forward I should say two things one is that it's possible to wake
up and not be able to move your body because you're still in rem
a topia you're completely conscious and you know that you're
awake but your body is not ready to move

on the flipside you can also be inside a dream and know that
you're dreaming. this phenomenon is known as lucid dreaming
and it's particularly attractive. because while I'm in a lucid
dream I can make conscious decisions about I do I can go fly to
wherever I want, or I can have a tea party with Abraham
Lincoln. I'm in control. but achieving a lucid dream is quite
elusive. Howcast has a great video which I've put in the
description, that gives some tips and tricks on how to achieve
one. researchers were able to deprive mice of REM sleep by

using this inverted inside a tub of water way up to the tippy top
meaning that the mouse was only able to sit right on top of this
little tiny surface when that happens the mouse can still fall into
non REM sleep but as soon as they reach REM sleep and their
muscles relaxed they fall off the platform into the water waking
up what they found was that when mice are not allowed to
achieve REM sleep they have an incredible amount of trouble
remembering things this happens in humans too if you have
people remember word pairs and then you don't allow them to
sleep the next day their memory for that stuff is incredibly
terrible but memory and REM does not stop there if a person
learns a difficult new task during the day say a new instrument
or a new type of difficult puzzle you can measure the electrical
activity in their brain while they do that and then while they
sleep that night whether they know it or not their brain replays
those electronic impulses many popular theories about why we
dream are variations on the idea that while we sleep the
unconscious part of our brain is busy organizing memories and
strengthening connections from the day before that we need in
the future while getting rid of the junk that would otherwise clog
the brain now so the theory goes these electrical impulses are
detected by our conscious brain and our cortex freaks out and

doesn't know what it means and so it tries it's best to create a
cohesive story creating a dream this would explain my dreams
are often so fantastic and seemingly random they're not
supposed to make sense they're not an actual message from our
brain it's just the results of our cortex is trying to synthesize the
noise coming from all the work being done back in the
unconscious under this way of thinking dreams are an
epiphenomena they're not a primary process that has a purpose
instead they're the accidental result of a more important process
going on behind the conscious brain some researchers don't
believe that they believe the dreams serve a primary purpose and
that purpose is to prepare us for threats they think this because
the most prevalent emotions felt during dreams are negative
abandonment anger and the most common of all anxiety the
theory goes like this back when we were early humans
especially we had no idea what kind of threats we might
encounter during the day and so to prepare us our brain would
simulate anxieties while we slept to make us better prepared for
that feeling in the real world so people who had terrifying
dreams were better at dealing with anxiety in the real world and
had stronger genes all right so the theories we discussed today
are quite popular but they don't really enjoy a consensus not

everyone agrees on them and they barely scratched the surface
of scientific thought about dreams but that's kind of the cool
thing about dreams think of it like this here is the Eagle Nebula
a giant structure in outer space 6,500 light years away but
despite its distance we pretty much know what it's made out of
we know that it's a hundred trillion kilometres tall we know
what caused it and we know where it's gonna be in 750 million
years but last night I had dreams and no one really knows why
or for what reason and that's pretty cool and that's why thanks
for watching if you want to learn more about the world I highly
recommend smarter every day it's a show here on YouTube by a
guy named Destin who I've met he's awesome I've learned a lot
from him he's the guy who did the chicken thing from the he's
also studied what causes poop Leanback splash slow motion
water balloons and has a lot of guns and explosions what more
could you ask for so do me a favor and go check it out and
subscribe if you like it and if you haven't seen it yet go check
out what's what's review of my beard I've got that in the
description and as always thanks for watching

Translator: TijanaMihajlovićReviewer: Denise RQ Thank you.
When I was seven years old,I had this recurring nightmare. I
dreamt about this hugeand boundless space. There were no trees,
no buildings,even no other people in the dream; there was just
me. And I was locked up in a tiny iron cage by the old, and
awful,and scary-looking Snow White witch from the
fairytalewith the poisonous apple. Now, in that dream I felt truly
terrified. So, as soon as I woke upfrom the nightmare in the
middle of the night,I ran to my mom. I was crying. I woke her
up,and I told her about my nightmare. And she would always
reassure meof the simple fact it was just a dream, that the old
witchwas just part of my dreaming mind, that there was no real
physical danger,that these were just dreams. Feeling a bit more
reassured and safe,I return to sleep, but at one particular
night,had that exact same nightmare, in that following sleep
period, so, suddenly, I found myself againin that iron cage,
holding on to the iron bars,and looking to the old witch, while

remembering what my mothersaid to me just a few hours ago,
this is just a , interestingly, that
realizationdid not wake me up, so I knew that I was
dreamingwhile still being in the dream. And I can still vividly
recallhow I looked around in the dream, had a sense of my own
dream body,which felt incredibly real, although I knew that my
real physical bodywas actually lying in bed asleep in some other
place called waking life. It was a stunning,very profound
experience, and at the same time,I didn't feel scared by the old
witch, because I knew she was just partof my dreaming mind.
So, I really felt empowered and free. Now, as a seven-year-old
kid, I had no idea that these kinds of dreamsin which you know
that you are dreaming are scientifically referred toas lucid
dreams, and that these lucid dreamsseem to almost exclusively
occur in a sleep stage that we call REM sleep,rapid eye
movement sleep. And that's a stage in which we experienceour
most vivid, most immersive dreams. These are not your
typicalone- dimensional, daydream-like experiences in which
you're just visualizing something, and you still have a senseof
your own physical body, and you're just imagining stuff. In
these REM sleep dreams - that will be truefor our lucid dreams
as well - we are provided with this fully immersive,

three-dimensional, multi-sensoryhallucinatory experience. So, it
feels like almost being absorbedinto your imagination. You own
this dream bodythat you can use and move around with, not just
to look atyour dream surroundings, but, for example,to touch the
dream ground, its texture, its hardness. That's how real our
dreams areeach and every night in REM sleep. It's incredible.
You could listen to dream music,or someone's voice in a dream.
You could even smell or taste dream food. Wow! Now, at the
same time, the lucid dreamprovides for limitless flexibility, as
our dreaming mind is continuouslylistening to and giving shape
to our thoughts and intentionswhile we are dreaming. So, once
you turn lucid in a dream, you could consciously and
reflectivelyrefocus your thoughts and intentions in order to
reshape the entire dream, and dream about anythingthat you
could imagine while you are dreaming. So, you could allowan
entire dream city to appear, or your favorite sports car, or you
could give yourself any kindof super hero power that you can
imagine, like flying or walking through walls, or you could just
consciously decideto explore the dream while knowing that it is
a dream, just go to the left, or go to the right,or just leave the
dream as it is. Lastly, that lucid dreamis a learnable skill. About
20% of the general population of us has at least onespontaneous

lucid dream each month, but now through scientific study, there
are various cognitive techniquesthat anyone can learn to apply
in order to havethese lucid dreams deliberately. So, now, today,
there are thousandsand thousands of lucid dreamers all over the
world, who are practicing lucid dreaming to have these
extraordinarydream experiences that are impossible or very
unlikely according to our ordinary waking lifesocial and
physical standards. So, for example,they are an exciting flying
dream in which you are a superheroand fly above the clouds, or
this exhilarating adventurein which they are the main character
in their own blockbuster dream movie,or romantic dream. Of
course, there are many otherlucid dreams that you can think of,
because anything is possiblein a lucid dream, right? Kind of
incredible. If you take a closer lookat these three lucid dream
features, and you would kind of add them up, you might come
to see that a lucid dream provides forthis fully immersive,
virtual simulator. That functional description is not farfrom what
scientists believe to be the function of our ordinary REM
dreams, although, more precisely, the function of threat
simulationand its related memory consolidation. So, for example,
in the old days, when we would encounterthis dangerous bear in
waking life, and we would be frightenedand hopefully be able to

survive, then that following night, our dreaming mind would
pick upon those waking life threats, simulate those in our
dreams in order for our dreaming mindto reinforce on the neural
circuits that are involved with the schemas,the expectations, and
the scripts that we need to effectively survivethe next waking
life threat. The following day, when we would encounter a
slightly different bearin a slightly different circumstance. In
modern days, most people don't dreamabout dangerous bear
encounters anymore. We would dream aboutan angry boss
encounter, or a family member, or a friend, or whatever that we
need to cope within order to socially survive. And through that
same process, our dreaming mind picks upon those social
threats and simulates those in our dreams in order to reinforce
those relatedto schemas, and scripts, and so on. Now, imagine
turning lucidin those dreams, and to consciouslyand reflectively
enhance that functionof psychological development, and use the
flexibility of the lucid dreamto experiment with improved
behavior to learn from in the lucid dream, so that then, the next
day,when you would wake up, you could implementthose
learning experiences and improve your waking life
circumstances from what you have learnedand experimented
within your lucid dream to improve your psychological

well-being. The emerging science of lucid dreaminghas now
generated evidence to suggest just that: that lucid dreamingcan
be used as an incredibly valuable tool to enhance psychological
development, and is now invested into various research areas,
like nightmare treatment, mental rehearsal, creative problem
solving. So, as a lucid dream practitioner myself,as a researcher,
and a trainer, I teach people from all over the worldhow to have
and apply these lucid dreams. I really believe that the
applicationof lucid dreaming is an idea that is worth
spreadingtoday at TEDx. Scientists were initially quite
skepticalabout this phenomenon of lucid dreams, is
impossible.
right? Therefore, they are , this cannot be possible.
Others said, perhaps a lucid dreamis just an ordinary
dream in which we merely dreamabout being lucid, which is
something different, right?Others said,- well, still say today,
actually - ordinary REM sleepjust cannot allow for
lucidity. So, the lucid dream must be some kindof a hybrid state
of consciousness in which one part of the brain is awake,while
the other part is dreaming, or some brief awakening from sleep
in which our mindstill lingers a bit in REM sleep, and through
that we could knowthat we are dreaming.

sleep researcher called Stephen LaBerge, at that time workingat
Stanford University, conducted this ingenious experiment to
scientifically verifythe existence of lucid dreams. And he'd done
this through basing his experimenton an earlier study that had
shownthat our dream eye movements are reflected by our actual
eye movementsbehind closed eyelids when we are in bed,
dreaming. So, for example, when you would bein a dream, or a
lucid dream, you could look to the left, right, left, right, left, and
our actual eye movementsbehind closed eyelids in bed would
also show the same kindof left-right-left- right movement. So,
Steven thoughtthat's interesting and quite useful, because
obviously, we could instructlucid dreamers as research subjects
to make any kind of distinctive eye signalin their lucid dream,
therefore, verify that they are lucid,and that the lucid dream is
real. And that's what he did. So, what you see hereis a
one-minute episode of someone who is in the sleep lab, hooked
up to all kindsof electronics, electrodes, and you see four
different data channels. Here, the uppermost channelshows the
brain activity, the characteristics of REM, left eye movements,
right eye movements, and the muscle tone,completely absent in
REM sleep, also characteristic of REM. So, Steven instructedall
of his research subjects, including this single case, to make a

left-right-left- righteye movement as soon as they - that he
-turned lucid in a dream, and make that signal twiceonce he
thought he'd awaken from sleep. So, that next very minute, this
subject successfully signalsfrom his REM sleep dream that he's
just lucid. lucidmaking the eye signals. The next
minute,something strange happens. The subject signals that he is
awake, while the data showsthat he is clearly still in REM sleep
- I mean, no muscle tone, brain activity is characteristic of REM,
and obviously, the [subject]seems still being asleep - so hmm,
what's happening here? Then the next minute, the subject
makesa lucid eye signal again, but makes incorrect one first,and
corrects for it. Only a few moments later,he actually awakens
from sleep. You can see the muscle tone reappears,and the
according brain activity, that is characteristic of wakefulness. At
that point, the researcherscame into the lab, approach the subject
and said,

but then, a few moments later, I only dreamt about waking upin
the sleep lab, and some weird-lookingsleep researcher came to
me, ripped off the electrodes from my skull,and I thought,
bold.(Laughter) not the correct
s I'm still dreaming. So, I rediscovered that I

was dreaming,did the lucid signal again, and made a mistake
first. So, I waited a moment for you guys to know in the sleep
labthat I would redo the signal, did the lucid signal again, until a
few moments later, I woke ible. This piece of
evidenceclearly shows, undoubtedly, that lucid dreaming is real,
and that it happensduring uninterrupted REM sleep dreaming.
Today there's much moreadvanced technology in which we can
studythe lucid dream state and compare it to the waking stateand
the state of REM sleep. So now, scientists are discussing
whether REM sleep could allowfor this reflective awareness, or
whether the lucid dreamis this hybrid state of consciousness, a
different state in which one part of the brain is awake, while the
other part is dreaming. Many more future studies are neededto
turn these theories into facts. However, all of this research has
led usto a far better understanding of how to train peopleto
become frequent lucid dreamers, and to assign them to all
kindsof interesting lucid dream experiments in which they could
doall kinds of things in their lucid dreams. Then scientists could
studyand explore the way, the effect of those lucid dreamson
their waking life performance. So now, scientists are venturing
into nightmare treatment. Think about someone who is
sufferingfrom a post-traumatic disorder, who has for example,

served in wartime, and still has these terrible nightmaresabout
being in war and fearing for his life. How lucid dreams can be
usedto treat those nightmares and to complement their daytime
therapies by training such a patientto become lucid in his
nightmare, and to resolve and rescript a nightmarewhile he is
having it, rather than only in a retrospective waythe next day in
just talking about it. The evidence shows that lucid dreaming
can even be usedfor that purpose, to treat nightmares, which is
incredibly valuable application. Meantal rehearsal: think about
sport athletes, how they can make useof the immersive lucid
dream to rehearse peak performances,to prepare for sport
competitions, and rehearse all kindsof complex sport
movements. Again, evidence is showing that lucid dreamscan be
used for this purpose. Incredible. Creative problem solving: how
we can make use of the creative natureof our REM sleep dreams
to come to new ideas,visualize a business solution, visualize
your new refurnished home and experiment with itwithin the
lucid dream, or rehearse and developyourTEDx presentation.
Despite the fact that lucid dreamingis not yet formally employed
in psychiatric practices, and many more future studies are
neededto support the claims that I just made, research clearly
showsthe use and power of lucid dreaming to improve our

psychological well-being. I would really like to
encourageresearchers and training professionals to embrace this
phenomenonof lucid dreaming, to inspire and more effectively
equip patients, athletes, and our generallucid dream practitioners
of tomorrow. And I would also like to encourage youto have a
lucid dream, and to explorethis fascinating state of
consciousness, and not just to empowerand improve your dream
life but your waking life as well. Thank you. (Applause)

我敬佩的一个人作文500字-小学生新年手抄报

长春理工光电-中国地质大学长城学院

钻孔灌注桩施工工艺-中南民族大学录取分数线

南昌二中高中部-副班长职责

信息技术课教学反思-取保候审保证书

南京邮电大学排名-徐志摩现代诗

顾城的诗-香江野生动物世界

汽车促销活动方案-宜黄拆迁