小说1984介绍
南充市人事局-荷花颂
Introduction
Nineteen Eighty-Four, is a
dystopian novel by George Orwell published in
1949.
A dystopia is a community or society
that is in some important way undesirable or
frightening. It is the opposite of a utopia.
When George Orwell had finished writing a
political fiction book in 1948, he looked
for
a title. As the subject of his book was a
pessimistic political vision, needing a futur
e
dimension, he decided that it might be a good idea
to simply invert the last two digit
s of the
year during which the book was written - and call
it
Anti-Utopia Trilogy 反乌托邦三部曲
前苏联的叶.扎米亚京的
《我们》
英国阿道司・赫胥黎Aldous Huxley的 《美丽新世界》
以及最有名的乔治·奥维尔的 1984
background
in 1984,
after a global war,nuclear weapon destoryed
previous social order and
civilization
process, the world broken into three super
countries in States,
Eurasian
[juə'reiʃən
and East Asian
countries(大洋国、欧亚国和东亚国)The story
happened In
London, the Airstrip One capital city of Oceania.
The social class system of Oceania is
threefold:
(I) the upper-class Inner Party,
the elite ruling minority, who make up 2% of the
population.
(II) the middle-class Outer
Party, who make up 13% of the population.
(III) the lower-class Proles (from
proletariat), who make up 85% of the
population and represent the uneducated
working class.
The leader of this government
is a fictional figure known as “Big Brother” , all
citizens must love and respect him. In this
society, there is no privacy and freedom,
also, there is no friend, only independents
had been cleaned up.
The political power was
finnal target and authority. People are constantly
monitored by telescreens and subjected to a
constant barrage of propaganda.
The Party
controls everything in Oceania, even the people’s
history and language.
Thinking rebellious
thoughts is illegal,thoughtcrime is the worst of
all.
In the year 1984, Ingsoc (English
Socialism), is the regnant ideology of Oceania,
and Newspeak is its official language of
official documents.
War is peace
Freedom
is slavery
Ingnorance is strength
Ministries of Oceania
The Ministry of
Peace :supports Oceania's perpetual war.
The
Ministry of Plenty: rations and controls
food,goods, and domestic production.
The Ministry of Truth controls
information: news, entertainment, education, and
the
arts. Winston Smith works in the Minitrue
RecDep (Records Department),
thus
everything the Party says is true
The Ministry
of Love: which deals with law and order (torture
and
Brainwashing).The Ministry of Love
identifies, monitors, arrests, and converts real
and imagined dissidents.
Plot
An
English novel about life in a dictatorship as
lived by Winston Smith, an
intellectual worker
at the Ministry of Truth, and his degradation when
he runs afoul of
the totalitarian (极权主义的 )
government of Oceania (大洋洲), the state in which he
lives in the year that he presumes is 1984.
Big Brother - Though he never appears in the
novel, and though he may not
actually exist,
Big Brother, the perceived ruler of Oceania, is an
extremely important
figure.
A minor
member of the ruling Party in near-future London,
Winston Smith is a thin,
frail, contemplative,
intellectual, and fatalistic thirty-nine-year-old.
Winston hates the
totalitarian control and
enforced repression that are characteristic of his
government.
He harbors revolutionary dreams.
Julia - Winston’s lover, a beautiful dark-
haired girl working in the Fiction
Department
at the Ministry of Truth. Julia enjoys sex, and
claims to have had affairs
with many Party
members. Julia is pragmatic and optimistic. Her
rebellion against the
Party is small and
personal, for her own enjoyment, in contrast to
Winston’s
ideological motivation.
O’Brien
- A mysterious, powerful, and sophisticated
member of the Inner Party
whom Winston
believes is also a member of the Brotherhood.
Mr. Charrington - An old man who runs a
secondhand store in the prole district.
Kindly
and encouraging, Mr. Charrington seems to share
Winston’s interest in the past.
He also seems
to support Winston’s rebellion against the Party
and his relationship
with Julia, since he
rents Winston a room without a telescreen in which
to carry out
his affair. But Mr. Charrington
is not as he seems. He is a member of the Thought
Police. Mr. Charrington, the proprietor of the
store, is revealed as having been a
member of
the Thought Police all along.
Winston
Smith is a low-ranking member of the ruling Party
in London, in the nation
of Oceania.
As
the novel opens, Winston feels frustrated by the
oppression and rigid control of the
Party,
which prohibits free thought, sex, and any
expression of individuality. Winston
dislikes
the party and has illegally purchased a diary in
which to write his criminal
thoughts.
Winston works in the Ministry of Truth,
where he alte
rs historical records to fit the
needs of the Party. He notices a coworker, a
beautiful dark-haired girl, staring at
h
im, and worries that she is an informant
who will turn him in for his thoughtcrime.
One day, Winston receives a note from the
dark-haired girl that reads “I love you.”
She
tells him her name, Julia, and they begin a covert
affair,. Eventually they rent a
room above the
secondhand store in the prole district where
Winston bought the diary.
This relationship
lasts for some time. Winston is sure that they
will be caught and
punished sooner or later
(the fatalistic Winston knows that he has been
doomed since
he wrote his first diary entry),
while Julia is more pragmatic and optimistic. As
Winston’s affair with Julia progresses, his
hatred for the Party grows more and more
intense. At last, he receives the message that
he has been waiting for: O’Brien wants
to see
him.
Winston and Julia travel to
O’Brien’s luxurious apartment. As a member of the
powerful Inner Party (Winston belongs to the
Outer Party), O’Brien leads a life of
luxury
that Winston can only imagine. O’Brien confirms to
Winston and Julia that,
like them, he hates
the Party, and says that he works against it as a
member of the
Brotherhood. He indoctrinates
Winston and Julia into the Brotherhood, and gives
Winston a copy of Emmanuel Goldstein’s book,
the manifesto of the Brotherhood.
Winston
reads the book—an amalgam of several forms of
class-based
twentieth-century social theory—to
Julia in the room above the store. Suddenly,
soldiers barge in and seize them. Mr.
Charrington, the proprietor of the store, is
revealed as having been a member of the
Thought Police all along.
Torn away from
Julia and taken to a place called the Ministry of
Love, Winston finds
that O’Brien, too, is a
Party spy who simply pretended to be a member of
the
Brotherhood in order to trap Winston into
committing an open act of rebellion against
the Party. O’Brien spends months torturing and
brainwashing Winston, who struggles
to resist.
At last, O’Brien sends him to the dreaded Room
101, the final destination for
anyone who
opposes the Party. O’Brien straps a cage full of
rats onto Winston’s
head and prepares to allow
the rats to eat his face. Winston snaps, pleading
with
O’Brien to do it to Julia, not to him.
Giving up Julia is what O’Brien wanted from
Winston all along. His spirit broken,
Winston
is released to the outside world. He meets Julia
but no longer feels anything
for her. At last,
he becamean ilde drunk, accepted the thought
theroy of party. He
recognized
In
1998, the Modern Library ranked Nineteen Eighty-
Four 13th on its list of the 100 b
est English-
language novels of the 20th century. Many of the
terms and concepts in G
eorge Orwell’s 1984
have entered contemporary society. For example,
your average e
ducated citizen will understand
terms like Big Brother, double think, and
Newspeak.
Moreover, as a result of the novel,
the adjective Orwellian has entered the English
voc
abulary. Orwellian refers to a
totalitarian regime’s use of propaganda, close
surveillan
ce of citizens, andor manipulation
of the past
The destructiveness
of totalitarianism and the human love of power for
powers sake.
Famous Remark
Who controls
the past controls the future; who controls the
present controls the past.
Thoughtcrime does
not entail death: thoughtcrime is death.
Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus
two make four.
Under the spreading chestnut
tree ,I sold you and you sold me