关于诸葛亮的作文-成都七中高新校区

Invented Words
New words appear in English every day. Do you
know how these words are born? Read the following
passage to find various ways English words are
invented.
英语中每天都有新词出现。你知道这些词是怎么产生
的吗？阅读下文你就能找到造英语单词的各种方法。
Scholars guess that English has about 600 000
words, but there are probably more. New words continue
to come into the language at such a rate that no
dictionary could possibly keep up with them. The old
words which were born centuries ago in the Anglo-Saxon,
Germanic and French languages make up four fifths of
the English language. The other one fifth is made up
partly of borrowed words and partly of three other kinds
of words: words from the names of peoples and places;
imitative words; and invented words.
学者们估计英语大约有600 000个单词，不过也许更
多。新的词语不断进入英语，其速度之快，大概没有
一本字典能跟得上。几个世纪以前， 源于盎格鲁•撒
克逊语、日尔曼语以及法语的原有词汇 ，占英语的五
分之四。余下的五分之一 ，一部分由外来词组成，另

外的部分由其它三种词组成，它们是：表示人名、地
名的专有名词；象声词以及新造的词。

Ampere, volt and watt are all units of electricity, and they
are named for the men who discovered them; Andre M.
Ampere, a French physicist; Alessandro Volta, an Italian
physicist; and James Watt, a Scottish engineer and
inventor. Nowadays we all drink pasteurized milk, that is,
milk which is clean and purified. Pasteurized gets its
name from Louis Pasteur, a French doctor who invented
the process for purifying milk. There are many words
like this in the English language.
安培、伏特和瓦特都是电学的计量单位，它们都是用
发现者的名字命名 的，他们分别是是法国物理学家安
德烈• M• 安培、意大利物理学家阿勒森德罗•伏特、
苏 格兰工程师兼发明家詹姆士•瓦特。今天我们都喝用
巴氏灭菌法消毒的牛奶，这种奶即清又纯。巴氏灭菌
法便得名于法国医生路易斯•巴斯德，是他发明了消毒
牛奶 的制作方法。在英语中像这样的词有许多。

Imitative words are words that sound like the
thing or action they stand for. Here are some
examples:
buzz click bang mumble chirp bawl
crash clap mutter giggle hum gulp
There is no need to say anything else about
these words, for they speak for themselves. You
can probably think of many more.
象声词代表它们模仿的事物或行为的声音。现举例如
下：

嗡嗡 滴答 砰砰 咕哝 喳喳 嚎啕

扑通 啪啪 嘀咕 咯咯 嘤嘤 呼哧

对于上述单词无需再作任何解释，因为它们不言自
明。或许你还可以想出更多类似的单词来。
Then there are the invented words.
English-speaking people have always made up words
as it suited them, and they continue to do so every
day. One kind of invented word is one which is made
up of two other words. Dictionaries call this kind

of word a compound. If you put and
together, you get the compound, How
many can you add to this list?
raincoat milkshake upstairs standstill
headlight
shutout sailboat downstairs income
headline
接下来是新造的词。讲英语的人总是根据需要创造词
汇，而且每天仍在这样做。一种新 造的词 是由另外两
个词构成的。字典里将这种词称为复合词。如果把“玩
耍”和“物品”放在一起，我 们就可以得到复合词
“玩具”。你还能为下表添加多少类似的词呢？

雨衣 奶昔 楼上 停顿 前灯

关闭 帆船 楼下 收入 标题
As well as putting two whole words together, we also
add parts of words called prefixes and suffixes to the
whole words. Most prefixes and suffixes come from
Latin or Greek, and each has a special meaning of its
own. When we add a prefix before a word or a suffix at
the end of it, we change its meaning. For example, the

prefix re- means
we get two new words meaning againand
again.
un- to
meaning happyand suffix -ness
means condition
are the conditions of being happy and kind. It is easy to
see the meanings of unhappiness and unkindness. The
word to which we attach the prefixes and suffixes is
called the root word. In a word like unkindness the root
word is kind.
除了把两个词放在一起之外，我们还可以给单词添加
一些成分，即前缀和后缀。大多数前缀和后缀来自拉
丁语和希腊语，而且它们 都有自己特 别的意义。 当
我们在词的前面加前缀或在其后面加后缀时，我们就
改变了它的意思。例如，前缀re- 意思为“再”。如果把
re-加到“作”或者“画”的前面， 我们就得到了两个新
词，意思为“再作一次”和“再画一次”。Un- 意思为“相
反的”或者“不”。把un-加到“快乐的”或者“和蔼的”前
边，我们就得到了 “不快乐”和“不和蔼”。后缀- ness
意思为“……状态”。“happiness”和“kindness”指快乐和
仁 慈的状态。这样就很容易理解“unhappiness”和

“unkindness” 两个词的意思了。被加上前缀和后缀的词
称为词根。像 “unkindness”一词的词根是“kind”。
Some words, like astronaut, are made up entirely
of Greek or Latin prefixes and suffixes. Astro-
is a Greek prefix meaning
starsnaut- means to do with sailing.
So, an astronaut is a Other words
can be root words, prefixes or suffixes,
depending on where they come in the word. Remember,
the prefix comes first, the root word second, and
the suffix last. As an example, let's take the
word and build several different invented
words with it by adding prefixes and suffixes to
it or using it as a prefix or suffix. Graph by
itself means anything which is shown to us in
pictures or writing. For instance, your teacher
might want to keep track of your reading progress
by drawing a graph of your reading test scores,
or a businessman might draw graphs which show the
ups and downs of his company's sales records. Now,
by adding the prefixes and suffixes listed below
to graph, we can make several new words. Notice

that graph is part of a longer suffix as well as
a suffix by itself.
Prefixes
auto- self
bio- life
phono- sound
photo- light
tele- distant
Suffixes
-graphy study of ; art of
-graph something written
-ic similar to; like
-ology study of
-phone sound
有些词，如宇航员，完全是由希腊语或者拉丁语的前
缀和后缀构成的。Astro- 是希腊语前缀，意思为“与
星星有 关”；naut-意思为“与航行有关”。所以，
宇航员就 是“星球航行者”。其它的词也可以成为词
根、前缀或者后缀，这取决于它们在单词里所处的位
置。切 记，前缀在最前面，词根其次，最后是后缀。
现以“图表”一词为例，通过添加前缀和后缀，或 者
将它本身作为一个前缀或者后缀，可以用它造出许多

不同的新词 来。图表本 身是指通过图画或者文字呈现
出来的事物。例如，你的老师可能想通过绘制一份阅
读测试分数图 表来了解你的读书过程，或者一个商人
想通过绘制图表来 显示他的公司销售纪录的变化。现
在 ，给图表这个词增加下表中列出的前缀和后缀，我
们可以造出许多新词。注意，图表一词除了本身是个< br>后缀以外，还是另一个更 长的后缀中的一部分。
前缀
auto- 自己－
bio- 生物，生平－
phono- 声－
photo- 光－
tele- 远－

后缀
-graphy －学，－术
-graph －书，写
-ic －似的
-ology －学
-phone －声
以下是由“graph”构成的词：

autograph-签名；人们用手写的自己的名字
biography-某人生平故事
autobiography- 个人撰写的自己生平的故事
graphology-书法研究
telegraph- 远距离写作（电报）
phonograph-用声音记录的文字和图片
photograph-用光记录的文字和图片
photography-拍摄照片的艺术
graphic-清晰的书写或画的
You may have noticed that you can make even other
words using some of these prefixes and suffixes without
graph.
is the meaning of If the prefix anti- means

hundreds of Latin and Greek prefixes in the English
language, and the possibilities for inventing new words
are endless. Every day, as we make new discoveries in
science and technology, we invent new words to describe
them. Many of these new words are combinations of root
words and prefixes and suffixes which have already
existed in English for centuries.
你可能已经注意到，没有graph一词，你也可以利用

上面的某些前缀和后缀 构成其它单词。“biology”意思
为对生命 的研究。那你认为“biologic”是什么意思
呢？如果前缀anti- 意思为“反”，那么“antibiotic”究竟
是什么意思呢？在英语中有大量的 拉丁语和希腊语
前缀，造新词的可能性是无止境的。每天，我们都有
科学和技术的新发现，所以人们创造新的词 汇去描述
它们。许多新词都是由已经在英语中存在了 几个世纪
的词根、前缀和后缀组合而成的。
Another kind of invented word is the nonsense word.
Some nonsense words are used for a while by only a few
people and then disappear completely from the language,
never to be used again. Others, when they become
popular enough and are used over a period of time,
become a permanent part of the language. If enough
people decide and agree on the meaning of an invented
word, it is here to stay. Some examples of everyday
modern words which probably began as nonsense words
centuries ago are: bad, big, lad, lass, chat, job and fun.
Linguists guess that these are nonsense words because
they have not been able to trace them back to any of the
ancestor languages. Just who invented them, and when or
where remains a puzzle. Puzzle itself is one of these

mystery words. No one knows where it came from.
另一种新造的词没有实际意义。有些无实际意义的词只是被一些人使用一段时间，然后就从英语中彻底消
失，再也不用了。另外一 些词被人们普遍接受 ，并且
经过一段时间的使用之后，永远成为英语的一部分。
如果有相当多的人选择并赞同新造出 的词的意思，这
个词就被保留下来。一些日常用 的现代词，如：坏、
大、少年、少女、聊天、 工作和有趣，可能就是几个
世纪前从无实际意义的词开始的。语言学家猜测上述
单词为无实际意 义的词，因为他们无法 从任何古代语
言中对它们追根溯源。谁发明的这些词？何时何地发
明的 ？这些至今仍是个谜。“迷惑”这词本身就是这些
神秘词语中的一个。没人知道这个词的出处 是什么。
Lewis Carroll, author of Alice in Wonderland and
Through the Looking Glass, was a great inventor of
nonsense words. As a matter of fact, he created a whole
language of nonsense. Most of Carroll's nonsense words
are not used in English, except for Chortle,
Carroll tells us, is a cross between a chuckle and a snort.
The word is formed by packing two different meanings
together in it. The dictionary calls such words blends. A
fairly recent blend, which, unfortunately, we hear almost

every day, is
《爱丽丝漫游奇境》和《爱丽丝漫游镜中世界》的作
者刘易斯•卡 罗尔，是无实际意义词的伟大的发明家。
实际上，他造了一整套无实际意义的语言。除了“咯 咯
地笑”这个词之外，卡罗尔发明的大多数无意义词并没
有在英语中使用。卡罗尔告诉我们：Chort le是吃吃地
笑声和喷鼻息两个行为交叉在一起时发出的声 音。这
个词把两个不同意义的词并 在了一起。字典中把这样
的词称为混合词。不幸的是，最近我们几乎天天听到
的一个新的复合词 是“烟雾”，这是烟和雾两种意思的
组合。
People invent nonsense words by combining certain
sounds that just seem to fit the things or actions they
describe. Often we make up words for anything which is
basically rather silly. Spoof was invented by an English
comedian some fifty years ago. It means
Hornswoggle was used a great deal in the United States
during the nineteenth century, and it means
a dishonest politician wants to hornswoggle the
taxpayers, he invents a
expensive project which does nobody any good. Fairly
recently someone invented the word

When people talk or write using long, fancy words that
really mean nothing, we call it gobbledygook.
Unfortunately, many people use gobbledygook because
they want to seem more important than they are, or
because they don't really want people to understand what
they mean or what they are doing. So, when the
dishonest politician wants to hornswoggle the public
with a boondoggle, he usually explains things in
gobbledygook.
某些声音似乎与所描述的事物或行为相吻合，人们将< br>它们组合起来创造出无意义的词。我们常常造词来代
表很愚蠢的事情。 Spoof(傻话、哄骗 )一词是五十多年
前由一个英国喜剧演员造出来的。它的意思是“用恶作
剧的方式来取笑”。H ornswoggle(隐瞒)一词十九世 纪
在美国被广泛使用，表示“欺骗”的意思。如果一个不< br>诚实的政客想对纳税人进行隐瞒，他就制造
boondoggle(无价值的琐事)，这是一个对 任何人都 没
有好处的、无用的、昂贵的工程。不久前，有人造出
了gobbledygook (“官样文章”)一词。当人们用冗长而无
意义的词进行交谈或书写时，我们称 之为官样文章。
不幸的是，许多人使用官样文章，是因为他们想让自
己显得比实际更重要，或者是因为他们不想让人们 了

解他们的真正意图和他们的所作所为。所 以，当不诚
实的政客想用“无价值 的琐事”去“哄骗”群众时，他通
常会用“官样文章”来敷衍。
When Lewis Carroll was writing his books the word
gobbledygook had not been invented yet, but Carroll
would have known exactly what it meant. Carroll loved
to spoof or poke fun at people who used fancy,
important-sounding words when simple language would
have done better. In one part of Through the Looking
Glass, Alice has a conversation with Humpty Dumpty in
which Humpty Dumpty insists words can mean whatever
he wants them to mean. Alice insists that this is
impossible. If everyone did that no one would understand
anyone else. The conversation goes like this:
在刘易斯•卡罗尔写书的年 代，“官样文章”一词还没有
造出来，但是如果当时已经有这个词的话，卡罗尔会
知道它的确切 含义的。卡罗尔喜欢戏弄或嘲笑那些不
喜欢用效果更好的简单 词汇，而偏爱使用花哨的、大
而 不当的词的人。《爱丽丝漫游镜中世界》的一个章节
中，爱丽丝有一段与矮座椅沙发的对话，其中矮座椅
沙发坚持认为：它想让词汇是什么意思 词汇就是什么
意思。爱丽丝则坚持说这不可能。如果每 个人都这样

做的话，那么没有人可以理解其他人了。他们的对话
如下：

argument',

rather a scornful tone,
choose it to mean － neither more nor less.

can make words mean so many different things.
question is,said Humpty Dumpty,
is to be the master － that's all.
“但是‘荣誉’一词不是指‘一个恰当、有力的论
点’，”爱丽丝反对道。
“我要用一个词的时候，” 矮座椅沙发用一种相
当轻蔑的口吻说，“我想让它是什么意思它就是什么
意思--恰如其分。”
“但问题在于，”爱丽丝说，“你能不能让词代表
那么多不同的事物。”
“问题是，” 矮座椅沙发说，“谁是主人--仅此
而已。”
The question is, just as Humpty Dumpty said, which is to
be master. But Humpty Dumpty used words in an odd

way, and that made him a master of gobbledygook, not a
master of language. A master of language knows what
words really mean, and where they come from; knows
when to use big, important ones and when to use the
shorter, equally important simple ones. Winston
Churchill was a great British prime minister. He was also
a great writer, truly a master of language. He said once,

are best of all.
正如矮座椅沙发所说，问题在于谁是主人。矮座椅沙
发以一种奇怪的方式来使用 词汇，这使它成为一个“官
样文章”大师，而不是语言大师。一名语言大师知道词
汇的真正含意 及其出处；知道何时使用大的重要的词，
何时使用短小但同样重要的简单的词。温斯顿•邱吉尔
是英国一位伟大的首相，他同时也是一位伟大的作家，
一个真正的语言大师。他曾经说道：“短小的词为 佳；
而既古老又短小的词为最佳。”

Invented Words
New words appear in English every day. Do you
know how these words are born? Read the following
passage to find various ways English words are
invented.
英语中每天都有新词出现。你知道这些词是怎么 产生
的吗？阅读下文你就能找到造英语单词的各种方法。
Scholars guess that English has about 600 000
words, but there are probably more. New words continue
to come into the language at such a rate that no
dictionary could possibly keep up with them. The old
words which were born centuries ago in the Anglo-Saxon,
Germanic and French languages make up four fifths of
the English language. The other one fifth is made up
partly of borrowed words and partly of three other kinds
of words: words from the names of peoples and places;
imitative words; and invented words.
学者们估计英语大约有600 000个单词，不过也许更
多。新的词语不断进入英语，其速度 之快，大概没有
一本字典能跟得上。几个世纪以前， 源于盎格鲁•撒
克逊语、日尔曼语以及法语的原有词汇 ，占英语的五
分之四。余下的五分之一 ，一部分由外来词组成，另

外的部分由其它三种词组成，它们是：表示人名、地
名的专有名词；象声词以及新造的词。

Ampere, volt and watt are all units of electricity, and they
are named for the men who discovered them; Andre M.
Ampere, a French physicist; Alessandro Volta, an Italian
physicist; and James Watt, a Scottish engineer and
inventor. Nowadays we all drink pasteurized milk, that is,
milk which is clean and purified. Pasteurized gets its
name from Louis Pasteur, a French doctor who invented
the process for purifying milk. There are many words
like this in the English language.
安培、伏特和瓦特都是电学的计量单位，它们都是用
发现者的名字命名 的，他们分别是是法国物理学家安
德烈• M• 安培、意大利物理学家阿勒森德罗•伏特、
苏 格兰工程师兼发明家詹姆士•瓦特。今天我们都喝用
巴氏灭菌法消毒的牛奶，这种奶即清又纯。巴氏灭菌
法便得名于法国医生路易斯•巴斯德，是他发明了消毒
牛奶 的制作方法。在英语中像这样的词有许多。

Imitative words are words that sound like the
thing or action they stand for. Here are some
examples:
buzz click bang mumble chirp bawl
crash clap mutter giggle hum gulp
There is no need to say anything else about
these words, for they speak for themselves. You
can probably think of many more.
象声词代表它们模仿的事物或行为的声音。现举例如
下：

嗡嗡 滴答 砰砰 咕哝 喳喳 嚎啕

扑通 啪啪 嘀咕 咯咯 嘤嘤 呼哧

对于上述单词无需再作任何解释，因为它们不言自
明。或许你还可以想出更多类似的单词来。
Then there are the invented words.
English-speaking people have always made up words
as it suited them, and they continue to do so every
day. One kind of invented word is one which is made
up of two other words. Dictionaries call this kind

of word a compound. If you put and
together, you get the compound, How
many can you add to this list?
raincoat milkshake upstairs standstill
headlight
shutout sailboat downstairs income
headline
接下来是新造的词。讲英语的人总是根据需要创造词
汇，而且每天仍在这样做。一种新 造的词 是由另外两
个词构成的。字典里将这种词称为复合词。如果把“玩
耍”和“物品”放在一起，我 们就可以得到复合词
“玩具”。你还能为下表添加多少类似的词呢？

雨衣 奶昔 楼上 停顿 前灯

关闭 帆船 楼下 收入 标题
As well as putting two whole words together, we also
add parts of words called prefixes and suffixes to the
whole words. Most prefixes and suffixes come from
Latin or Greek, and each has a special meaning of its
own. When we add a prefix before a word or a suffix at
the end of it, we change its meaning. For example, the

prefix re- means
we get two new words meaning againand
again.
un- to
meaning happyand suffix -ness
means condition
are the conditions of being happy and kind. It is easy to
see the meanings of unhappiness and unkindness. The
word to which we attach the prefixes and suffixes is
called the root word. In a word like unkindness the root
word is kind.
除了把两个词放在一起之外，我们还可以给单词添加
一些成分，即前缀和后缀。大多数前缀和后缀来自拉
丁语和希腊语，而且它们 都有自己特 别的意义。 当
我们在词的前面加前缀或在其后面加后缀时，我们就
改变了它的意思。例如，前缀re- 意思为“再”。如果把
re-加到“作”或者“画”的前面， 我们就得到了两个新
词，意思为“再作一次”和“再画一次”。Un- 意思为“相
反的”或者“不”。把un-加到“快乐的”或者“和蔼的”前
边，我们就得到了 “不快乐”和“不和蔼”。后缀- ness
意思为“……状态”。“happiness”和“kindness”指快乐和
仁 慈的状态。这样就很容易理解“unhappiness”和

“unkindness” 两个词的意思了。被加上前缀和后缀的词
称为词根。像 “unkindness”一词的词根是“kind”。
Some words, like astronaut, are made up entirely
of Greek or Latin prefixes and suffixes. Astro-
is a Greek prefix meaning
starsnaut- means to do with sailing.
So, an astronaut is a Other words
can be root words, prefixes or suffixes,
depending on where they come in the word. Remember,
the prefix comes first, the root word second, and
the suffix last. As an example, let's take the
word and build several different invented
words with it by adding prefixes and suffixes to
it or using it as a prefix or suffix. Graph by
itself means anything which is shown to us in
pictures or writing. For instance, your teacher
might want to keep track of your reading progress
by drawing a graph of your reading test scores,
or a businessman might draw graphs which show the
ups and downs of his company's sales records. Now,
by adding the prefixes and suffixes listed below
to graph, we can make several new words. Notice

that graph is part of a longer suffix as well as
a suffix by itself.
Prefixes
auto- self
bio- life
phono- sound
photo- light
tele- distant
Suffixes
-graphy study of ; art of
-graph something written
-ic similar to; like
-ology study of
-phone sound
有些词，如宇航员，完全是由希腊语或者拉丁语的前
缀和后缀构成的。Astro- 是希腊语前缀，意思为“与
星星有 关”；naut-意思为“与航行有关”。所以，
宇航员就 是“星球航行者”。其它的词也可以成为词
根、前缀或者后缀，这取决于它们在单词里所处的位
置。切 记，前缀在最前面，词根其次，最后是后缀。
现以“图表”一词为例，通过添加前缀和后缀，或 者
将它本身作为一个前缀或者后缀，可以用它造出许多

不同的新词 来。图表本 身是指通过图画或者文字呈现
出来的事物。例如，你的老师可能想通过绘制一份阅
读测试分数图 表来了解你的读书过程，或者一个商人
想通过绘制图表来 显示他的公司销售纪录的变化。现
在 ，给图表这个词增加下表中列出的前缀和后缀，我
们可以造出许多新词。注意，图表一词除了本身是个< br>后缀以外，还是另一个更 长的后缀中的一部分。
前缀
auto- 自己－
bio- 生物，生平－
phono- 声－
photo- 光－
tele- 远－

后缀
-graphy －学，－术
-graph －书，写
-ic －似的
-ology －学
-phone －声
以下是由“graph”构成的词：

autograph-签名；人们用手写的自己的名字
biography-某人生平故事
autobiography- 个人撰写的自己生平的故事
graphology-书法研究
telegraph- 远距离写作（电报）
phonograph-用声音记录的文字和图片
photograph-用光记录的文字和图片
photography-拍摄照片的艺术
graphic-清晰的书写或画的
You may have noticed that you can make even other
words using some of these prefixes and suffixes without
graph.
is the meaning of If the prefix anti- means

hundreds of Latin and Greek prefixes in the English
language, and the possibilities for inventing new words
are endless. Every day, as we make new discoveries in
science and technology, we invent new words to describe
them. Many of these new words are combinations of root
words and prefixes and suffixes which have already
existed in English for centuries.
你可能已经注意到，没有graph一词，你也可以利用

上面的某些前缀和后缀 构成其它单词。“biology”意思
为对生命 的研究。那你认为“biologic”是什么意思
呢？如果前缀anti- 意思为“反”，那么“antibiotic”究竟
是什么意思呢？在英语中有大量的 拉丁语和希腊语
前缀，造新词的可能性是无止境的。每天，我们都有
科学和技术的新发现，所以人们创造新的词 汇去描述
它们。许多新词都是由已经在英语中存在了 几个世纪
的词根、前缀和后缀组合而成的。
Another kind of invented word is the nonsense word.
Some nonsense words are used for a while by only a few
people and then disappear completely from the language,
never to be used again. Others, when they become
popular enough and are used over a period of time,
become a permanent part of the language. If enough
people decide and agree on the meaning of an invented
word, it is here to stay. Some examples of everyday
modern words which probably began as nonsense words
centuries ago are: bad, big, lad, lass, chat, job and fun.
Linguists guess that these are nonsense words because
they have not been able to trace them back to any of the
ancestor languages. Just who invented them, and when or
where remains a puzzle. Puzzle itself is one of these

mystery words. No one knows where it came from.
另一种新造的词没有实际意义。有些无实际意义的词只是被一些人使用一段时间，然后就从英语中彻底消
失，再也不用了。另外一 些词被人们普遍接受 ，并且
经过一段时间的使用之后，永远成为英语的一部分。
如果有相当多的人选择并赞同新造出 的词的意思，这
个词就被保留下来。一些日常用 的现代词，如：坏、
大、少年、少女、聊天、 工作和有趣，可能就是几个
世纪前从无实际意义的词开始的。语言学家猜测上述
单词为无实际意 义的词，因为他们无法 从任何古代语
言中对它们追根溯源。谁发明的这些词？何时何地发
明的 ？这些至今仍是个谜。“迷惑”这词本身就是这些
神秘词语中的一个。没人知道这个词的出处 是什么。
Lewis Carroll, author of Alice in Wonderland and
Through the Looking Glass, was a great inventor of
nonsense words. As a matter of fact, he created a whole
language of nonsense. Most of Carroll's nonsense words
are not used in English, except for Chortle,
Carroll tells us, is a cross between a chuckle and a snort.
The word is formed by packing two different meanings
together in it. The dictionary calls such words blends. A
fairly recent blend, which, unfortunately, we hear almost

every day, is
《爱丽丝漫游奇境》和《爱丽丝漫游镜中世界》的作
者刘易斯•卡 罗尔，是无实际意义词的伟大的发明家。
实际上，他造了一整套无实际意义的语言。除了“咯 咯
地笑”这个词之外，卡罗尔发明的大多数无意义词并没
有在英语中使用。卡罗尔告诉我们：Chort le是吃吃地
笑声和喷鼻息两个行为交叉在一起时发出的声 音。这
个词把两个不同意义的词并 在了一起。字典中把这样
的词称为混合词。不幸的是，最近我们几乎天天听到
的一个新的复合词 是“烟雾”，这是烟和雾两种意思的
组合。
People invent nonsense words by combining certain
sounds that just seem to fit the things or actions they
describe. Often we make up words for anything which is
basically rather silly. Spoof was invented by an English
comedian some fifty years ago. It means
Hornswoggle was used a great deal in the United States
during the nineteenth century, and it means
a dishonest politician wants to hornswoggle the
taxpayers, he invents a
expensive project which does nobody any good. Fairly
recently someone invented the word

When people talk or write using long, fancy words that
really mean nothing, we call it gobbledygook.
Unfortunately, many people use gobbledygook because
they want to seem more important than they are, or
because they don't really want people to understand what
they mean or what they are doing. So, when the
dishonest politician wants to hornswoggle the public
with a boondoggle, he usually explains things in
gobbledygook.
某些声音似乎与所描述的事物或行为相吻合，人们将< br>它们组合起来创造出无意义的词。我们常常造词来代
表很愚蠢的事情。 Spoof(傻话、哄骗 )一词是五十多年
前由一个英国喜剧演员造出来的。它的意思是“用恶作
剧的方式来取笑”。H ornswoggle(隐瞒)一词十九世 纪
在美国被广泛使用，表示“欺骗”的意思。如果一个不< br>诚实的政客想对纳税人进行隐瞒，他就制造
boondoggle(无价值的琐事)，这是一个对 任何人都 没
有好处的、无用的、昂贵的工程。不久前，有人造出
了gobbledygook (“官样文章”)一词。当人们用冗长而无
意义的词进行交谈或书写时，我们称 之为官样文章。
不幸的是，许多人使用官样文章，是因为他们想让自
己显得比实际更重要，或者是因为他们不想让人们 了

解他们的真正意图和他们的所作所为。所 以，当不诚
实的政客想用“无价值 的琐事”去“哄骗”群众时，他通
常会用“官样文章”来敷衍。
When Lewis Carroll was writing his books the word
gobbledygook had not been invented yet, but Carroll
would have known exactly what it meant. Carroll loved
to spoof or poke fun at people who used fancy,
important-sounding words when simple language would
have done better. In one part of Through the Looking
Glass, Alice has a conversation with Humpty Dumpty in
which Humpty Dumpty insists words can mean whatever
he wants them to mean. Alice insists that this is
impossible. If everyone did that no one would understand
anyone else. The conversation goes like this:
在刘易斯•卡罗尔写书的年 代，“官样文章”一词还没有
造出来，但是如果当时已经有这个词的话，卡罗尔会
知道它的确切 含义的。卡罗尔喜欢戏弄或嘲笑那些不
喜欢用效果更好的简单 词汇，而偏爱使用花哨的、大
而 不当的词的人。《爱丽丝漫游镜中世界》的一个章节
中，爱丽丝有一段与矮座椅沙发的对话，其中矮座椅
沙发坚持认为：它想让词汇是什么意思 词汇就是什么
意思。爱丽丝则坚持说这不可能。如果每 个人都这样

做的话，那么没有人可以理解其他人了。他们的对话
如下：

argument',

rather a scornful tone,
choose it to mean － neither more nor less.

can make words mean so many different things.
question is,said Humpty Dumpty,
is to be the master － that's all.
“但是‘荣誉’一词不是指‘一个恰当、有力的论
点’，”爱丽丝反对道。
“我要用一个词的时候，” 矮座椅沙发用一种相
当轻蔑的口吻说，“我想让它是什么意思它就是什么
意思--恰如其分。”
“但问题在于，”爱丽丝说，“你能不能让词代表
那么多不同的事物。”
“问题是，” 矮座椅沙发说，“谁是主人--仅此
而已。”
The question is, just as Humpty Dumpty said, which is to
be master. But Humpty Dumpty used words in an odd

way, and that made him a master of gobbledygook, not a
master of language. A master of language knows what
words really mean, and where they come from; knows
when to use big, important ones and when to use the
shorter, equally important simple ones. Winston
Churchill was a great British prime minister. He was also
a great writer, truly a master of language. He said once,

are best of all.
正如矮座椅沙发所说，问题在于谁是主人。矮座椅沙
发以一种奇怪的方式来使用 词汇，这使它成为一个“官
样文章”大师，而不是语言大师。一名语言大师知道词
汇的真正含意 及其出处；知道何时使用大的重要的词，
何时使用短小但同样重要的简单的词。温斯顿•邱吉尔
是英国一位伟大的首相，他同时也是一位伟大的作家，
一个真正的语言大师。他曾经说道：“短小的词为 佳；
而既古老又短小的词为最佳。”