八年级英语下册M3,M4知识点汇总
九寨沟导游词-春节放假通知范文
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M3
短语汇总:
be up to 正在做 ；忙于
make a model做一个模型 no problem没问题
the latest
news最新的新闻 on the news 上新闻 several months几个月
be far away遥远的 in order to为了
space travel太空旅行
go online上网 search for
information搜寻信息 hundreds of 成百上千的
millions
of数百万的 hundreds of millions of数亿的 go
around运转
solar system太阳系 far enough足够远
communicate with…和……联系
no one没有一个人 in space
在太空 on the earth 在地球上
in the universe
在宇宙中 a small part of …的一小部分 a large group of
…的一个很大的群体
take photos 拍照 come back 回来
arrive atin 到达 put up 挂起来
space station 太空站
decide to 决定去做 be interested in 对…感兴趣
知识点汇总
1. be up to doing sth = be busy doing
sth.“忙于……，正在做……”。
拓展：be up to + sb. 取决于某人。
练习
I am busy doing my homework.
=___________________________________.
2.
I haven’t started yet.
yet用于否定句和疑问句，意思是“还，尚”。n
ot…yet的意思是“还没，尚未”，表示某事物
在某一时间尚未发生，但未来也许会发生。
e.g. I have not learned any further
information yet.
我还没得到进一步的信息
3. That’s why
it’s on the news. 这就是它（宇宙飞船）上新闻的原因。
that is
why…表示“这就是……的原因”
拓展：that's because后接某事发生的原因
that's why 后接某事产生的结果
例句：
I was late
for 's because I met with an old friend on the
way. 我上学迟到了,因为我
在路上碰到一位老朋友 。
I met with an
old friend on the way,and that's why I was late
for school. 我在路上碰到一位老朋
友,因此我上学迟到了。
4.
hundreds of millions of years 上亿年的
hundred前加基数
词，表示“一百、二百、三百……”，hundred要用单数形式；hundred与
of连用表示“
数百”时，hundred要用复数形式，即hundreds of。
类似的用法还有：thousand，million，billion。
练习：We
planted _____ trees last year.
A. hundreds
of B. hundred of
C. five hundreds
D. five hundred of
5. none
指三个或三个以上的人或物中“没有一个”，其后常接“of
+名词代词”，后面动词
单复数形式均可。
no
one
表示“没有人”，
作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
.
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练习：None of us ____________
Sanya.
我们都没去过三亚。
6. in order to do sth
in order not to do sth in order that
so that
We get up early in
order to get to school on time.
= In order to
get to school on time, we get up early .
= We
get up early we can get to
school on time.
= We get up early
we can get to school on time.
r
find invent
Can
you find my lost dog？
Edison invented the
light.
Who discovered the life on Mars?
语法汇总
现在完成时（2）
１. 当表示动作已经完成并对现在有一定影响时，我
们一般用现在完成时来表达。此时，可
以分别用just，already或yet加以强调或说明。
常与现在完成时连用的副词：already，just， yet，ever，never
just 表示“刚刚”；already
表示“已经”，两者都用于肯定句中，一般置于havehas之
后；
yet则可用于否
定句和疑问句中，在否定句中表示“还未”，有“以后可能会”的含义，而
在疑问句中表示“已经”的意
思。
ever，never可用于否定句和疑问句中，在句中表示曾经，绝不的意思。
e.g.
1) I have just heard the news.
我刚听到消息。
2) Astronauts have already been to
the moon.
3)
4)
5)
6)
宇航员已经去过月球了。
Man has not discovered any
life in space yet.
人类尚未在太空中发现任何生命。
Have
the children come home yet? 孩子们已经回家了吗？
Have
you ever sung this English song？你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？
We
have never heard about it. 我们从没听说过这事。
２.
现在完成时与一般过去时
1)
现在完成时表示该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于强调已完成动作
对现在的影响。
一般过去时表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。
e.g.
I have just
been to London. I went there last month.
我刚去过伦敦，上个月去的。
2) 当没有明确的过去时间状语时，判断该用现在完成时还是
一般过去时的标准是：看该行
为是否对现在有影响。
.
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A: Would you like to go and
see the film with me tonight?
你今晚想和我去看电影吗？
B: Sorry, I have seen it already.
不好意思，我已
经看过那部电影了。【已经看过了这部电影对现在的影响就是：电影看
过了，所以不想再看了】
3.区分havehas been to havehas gone to
have has been in
havehas gone to
强调的是在去某地的路上或者还在某地，人还没回来。
havehas been to
强调的是去过某地，人已经回来了。
have has been in
强调的是待在某地，后跟表示一段时间的状语
用have has been to, have
has gone to或have has been in填空。
1. Mr Black
_____ Tokyo on business. You can leave a message.
2. He ________ China for five years.
3.
They ______ the desert. They enjoyed themselves
very much.
4.
The Greens _______ Hangzhou
for a trip. You can wait and visit them next
weekend.
将括号中的单词放到下列句子中。
1. I have
finished my homework. (already)
_____________
_____________________________________.
2. He
has come back from London. (just)
____________
______________________________________.
范文欣赏：There is no life on I want to live on
Mars. I think it’s really wonderful to live
on
Mars. It’s more comfortable and interesting than
that on earth.
On Mars, we’ll have online
schools. We can communicate with our teachers and
classmates
on the Internet. We’ll have many
robots and they can help us do most housework. So
we’ll have
much time for our hobbies. By the
way, Mars is very are many green trees and
colourful flowers everywhere. There is no
pollution.
In a word, we have a happy life on
Mars.
M4
短语汇总
be harmful to对…有伤害
stomach ache 胃痛； 腹痛how long 多长时间
catch a
cold感冒 take one’s temperature量某人的体温 In front of
在……前面
fast food快餐食品 look after照顾； 照看 be ill
生病 three times a day 一天三次
do erercise
做运动，锻炼visitsee the doctor 看医生 take the medicine
吃药
take a dog for a walk 遛狗 take part in
sth参与；参加 in excellent condition健康状况良好
get to
work开始工作 go for a run去跑步 feel awful感到不舒服 all
over浑身；到处
too…to 太…而不能… start doing sth =
start to do sth= begin doing= begin to do 开始做某事
at first 起初 get a pain 疼痛 too much 太多
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from time to time 有时 get fit
变得健康 turn off 关上
set up 成立 deleloping
countries 发展中国家 take care of 照顾
知识点汇总
1. Let me take your temperature… 我给你量一下体温。
take one’s temperature 量体温
take one’s blood pressure 量血压
take the
medicine 吃药
take drugs 吸毒
2. exercise
做练习，习题是不可数名字，做锻炼意思时是不可数名词。
e.g. do more exercise 锻炼
The book has
exercises 这本书有很多练习。
3. Now I get exercise by
taking him for a walk every day.
现在我每天借着遛狗运动一下。
by doing sth. 表示“通过某种方式”。
练习：你可以通过跑步变得健康。
__________________________
___________________________________
4. in
excellent condition或in condition表示“健康状况良好”。
相反：out of condition则指“健康状况不佳”
5. Why don’t
we go for a run before school? 上学前我们跑跑步吧？
Why don’t youwe…?和Why
not…?意为“你为什么不做……呢？”用来向别人提建议，后
面接动词原形。
练习：
_________________ buy a book for your father?
为什么不买本书给你爸爸呢？
..to so..that ..
…enough to do sth
The boy is too
young to ride a bike.
= The boy is so young
that he can’t ride abike.
=The boy is not old
enough to ride a bike.
7. too much
much too too many
He has homework to do.
I have
friends here.
The books are
dear for me.
The meat is
delicious. Don’t eat .
Watching TV is bad for your
healthy.
语法汇总
现在完成时（３）
１.
现在完成时可以表示某一行为或状态从过去某一时间一直持续到现在。
这类句子中的时间状语通常由for或since引导。
for后接一段时间，如 for
a long time, for five years 等；
since后多接表过去的时间点，如 since August 2003，since
yesterday, since two o’clock等。
在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用how long。
例句：
.
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I have lived in Beijing for 10
years.我在北京住了10年了。
I have been in this school
since 2000. 从2000年起我就一直在这所学校。
How long have
you been like this? 你这个样子有多久了？
２. 在现在完成时的句子中，表
示持续的动作或状态时，动词通常与表示时间段的时间状语
连用；而表示动作已经完成时，点动词(终止
性动词) 不能与表示延续(时间段)的时间状
语连用。
比如：汤姆已经来了两小时了。
(×)Tom has come for two hours.
(√)Tom has
been here for two hours.还可以有如下表达：
It’s two
hours since he came.
Two hours has passed
since he came.
３. 终止性动词可以和延续性动词进行转换。
(1)
转化为“be+形容词副词等”。
die → be dead leave → be
away (from) openclose → be openclosed
stop → be over arrive in (at)reachget to →
be inat join → be a member ofbe in
startbegin → be on
(2) 转化为意思相同的延续性动词。
borrow → keep buy → have
becomecome →be get to know →know
练习
I.用所给动词的适当形式填空。
１.I____ already ____
(see) the film. I ___ (see) it last week.
２.___ he ____(finish) his work today ? Not yet
.
３.Shanghai ___ (be) a small town hundreds of
years ago. Now it ____ (become) a
large city.
４.I ____ (work) here since I ____ (move) here
in 1999.
５.How long ____ the Wangs ____(stay)
here ? For two weeks.
II.句型转换(每空一词)。
1.
I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句)
I ___
____ been to Macau before.
hasn’t come to
school because he’s ill (就划线部分提问)
____ _____
he come to school?
has learned English for 5
years.(就划线部分提问)
____ ___ ____ ____ learned
English ?
写作：假设你的朋友Amy发邮件对你说她很累，上课总不能集中精力听课，请你
回一
封电子邮件，谈谈你的建议。
Dear Amy,
I’m sorry to
hear that you often feel tired and can’t listen to
your teacher carefully. Let me
give you some
advice.
First, you should eat breakfast every
day. Eating breakfast can help you study more
fruits and vegetables, don’t eat fast food.
Then you should take more exercise after school.
You’d
better do sports an hour every exercise
can make you keep healthy. It’s also important
.
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to have eight or nine
hours’ sleep every night. Good sleep can make you
feel well. Try to have a
healthy lifestyle and
then you can study well.
I hope these can help
you.
Yours
Tim
.