2019-2020学年译林版英语选修八新素养同步阅读强化训练(十三) Word版含解析
一百分-阳光工程
阅读强化训练(十三)
(建议用时：15分钟)
Ⅰ
阅读理解
The vast majority of us spend our entire lives
pulled down by
there are astronauts.
This
small population of space travelers has given
researchers a
rare look at what happens to the
human body when it’s able to spend
large
amounts of time outside the downward pull of the
week，a study on one of the largest groups of
astronauts yet—34 participants—was published in
The New England Journal of Medicine.
In
the new study，a team of international
radiologists(放射科医生)supported by NASA
looked at
MRIs of the brains of astronauts before and after
their trips to scientists found
that upon
returning to Earth，many of the astronauts’ brains
had become repositioned inside their
skulls，floating higher than addition，the
space between certain brain areas appeared to
have shrunk(缩小)．The changes were more common
in astronauts who took longer trips into
space.
The team characterized astronaut
trips as short(an average of less than 14 days)or
long(an
average of about 165
days)．Radiologists who didn’t know each
astronaut’s duration(持续时间)in
space compared
MRIs from before and after their trips.
Of the
34 total astronauts involved in the study，18 took
long trips to space—spending most
of that time
on the International Space Station—and of those，17
returned to Earth with smaller
areas between
the frontal lobe(脑前额叶) and parietal lobe(顶叶)．The
same area of the brain also
shrank for three
of the 16 astronauts who took shorter trips with
the US Space Shuttle
researchers also found
that 12 of the ISS astronauts and six of the
space-shuttle
astronauts returned home with
their brains sitting slightly higher in their
skulls than before.
It’s not clear what，if
anything，these brain changes mean for the health
of space
general，it appears the human body
tolerates space travel fairly well：the time
astronauts have
spent in zero-gravity
environments so far doesn’t seem to have had any
strong or long-lasting
effects.
【解题导语】 本文是
一篇说明文。放射科医生研究发现，宇航员从太空返回地球后，
他们的大脑在颅内的位置比去太空旅行前
高。
1．What is the finding of the study?
A．Astronauts have great brain power.
B．Astronauts’ duration in space is updated.
C．Astronauts’ skulls expand after space trips.
D．Astronauts return to Earth with
raised brains.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的The scientists
found that upon returning to Earth，
many of the
astronauts’ brains had become repositioned inside
their skulls，floating higher than
before.可知，科学
家发现，宇航员在返回地球后，他们的大脑在头颅内的位置改变了，悬浮
在比以前更高的位置。
2．How did the scientists draw the conclusion?
A．By analyzing astronauts’ symptoms.
B．By
comparing each astronaut’s MRIs.
C．By
monitoring astronauts’ brain activities.
D．By
observing countless astronauts’ behaviors.
B
解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的Radiologists who didn’t know each
astronaut’s
duration(持续时间) in space compared
MRIs from before and after their
trips.可知，放射科医生
通过比较每位宇航员太空旅行前后的脑部核磁共振成像，得出研究结论。
3．What does the author say about the changes
inside astronauts’ skulls?
A．They are totally
harmless.
B．Their effects are hard to assess.
C．Their occurrence is unavoidable.
D．They
will heavily influence astronauts.
B
解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的It’s not clear what，if
anything，these brain changes
mean for the
health of space travelers.可知，宇航员在经历太空旅行后大脑的这种变化是否意
味着对他们的健康有影响，这一问题目前还没有明确的解释。
4．What is the
best title for the text?
A．Effects of Zero
Gravity
B．Valuable Experiences of Space Travel
C．Space Travel Changes Astronauts’ Brains
D．Flying Long Hours Increases Health Risks
C 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了放射科医生经过研究发现，宇
航员从太
空返回地球后，他们的大脑在头颅内的位置改变了，悬浮在比以前更高的位置，C
项作标题最能概括文章
主旨。
Ⅱ
七选五
Medicine
Medicine
is the science of keeping people healthy and
healing the have
practiced forms of medicine
for thousands of specially trained people called
doctors
practice medicine.
There are many
parts to a doctor’s s first need to identify what
is making a person
they decide on a also
predict when the patient will feel better.
1.________When treating patients，doctors work
with many other people，including nurses and
physician assistants.
Becoming a doctor
involves years of education and l students first
graduate
from college. 2.________ Students
usually earn a Doctor of Medicine degree in
medical
medical school，most graduates enter a
residency(住院医师实习期)，which is a
training program
usually in a hospital. 3.________ During this
time，new doctors can specialize in
a
particular type of medicine in such areas as
internal medicine(内科学) or
surgery(外
科)．Finally，new doctors must pass a
test to get a license to practice medicine.
In
the 1900s scientists developed vaccines(疫苗) to
prevent many diseases and drugs to treat
many
s transplanted organs from one person into used
many machines
to help them to identify and
treat diseases.4.________
Today doctors have
many ways to help patients heal. 5.________ For
example，scientists are
still searching for
cures for cancer，AIDS，and many other diseases.
A．They can be used to prevent diseases.
B．In addition，doctors try to prevent
illnesses.
C．Doctors thought diseases were
caused by the Gods.
D．Then they spend three to
four years in medical school.
E．But there are
still many unanswered questions in medicine.
F．They also learned how good nutrition helped
people to stay healthy.
G．During a
residency，experienced doctors train the new
doctors for three to seven years.
【解题导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了医生的工作和医学的发展。
1．B
解析：由该段的主题句There are many parts to a doctor’s
job.以及本段的描述可知，
B项“此外，医生还要努力防止疾病的发生”符合此处语境。
2．D 解析：由该空前的first以及该空后的earn a Doctor of
Medicine degree in medical
school可知，之后医学生要在医学院度过三到四年的时间。
3．G
解析：由该空前的most graduates enter a residency(住院医师实习期)可
知，G项
“在实习期间，有经验的医生会培训新医生三到七年”符合此处语境。
4．F 解析：由该段的描述可知，本段主要介绍了二十世纪医学的发展情况，故F项<
br>“医生也了解到好的营养能帮助人们保持健康”符合此处语境。
5．E
解析：由该空后的For example，scientists are still searching
for cures for cancer，
AIDS，and many other
diseases.可知，在医学界还有很多尚未解决的问题。