大学英语3 U4 Language Focus(主要词汇和例句以及知识点)
大学生安全教育-陕西会计从业
Language Focus
一、Text生词
award: vt.
give as an honor or reward 授予
e.g. A sum of
RMB 3 million prize money will be awarded to the
winning team.
获胜队将获得300万人民币的奖金。
Coco won
the Academy Award for the best animated feature
film.
《寻梦环游记》获得奥斯卡最佳动画片奖。
look
forward to: expect with eagerness or pleasure 期待
e.g. Mum says because I’m her only child, she
is now looking forward to grandchildren.
妈妈说她只有我一个孩子，所以她盼着抱孙子。
Mr. Wang wrote in
reply, “We are looking forward to meeting you in
Shanghai soon.”
王先生在回复中写道：“我们期待不久后在上海见到您。”
register: v. put one’s name on an
official list 注册；登记
e.g. It took her three
years of study at the Charing Cross Hospital
School of Nursing before
qualifying as a
Registered General Nurse.
她在查令十字医院护理学校学习三年后成为注册普通护士。
It is every
citizen’s right to register and vote.
登记并参加投票是每个公民的权利。
subsist on: survive
on 靠…生存
e.g. To lose weight, she announces her
plan to subsist on apples and water for a whole
week.
为了减轻体重，她宣布了一周内只吃苹果、只喝水的计划。
Thousands
of refugees subsist on international handouts.
数千难民靠国际捐助生存。
arrange for: make it
possible for sb. to have or use sth. 安排
e.g.
Let your doctor or clinic know if you can’t keep
an appointment and be sure to arrange for
another.
1
如果你没法去就诊，要通知你的医生或诊所，记住还要另约就诊时间。
We've arranged the funeral for Saturday.
我们已经把葬礼安排在周六。
grant: n. 助学金，专用拨款；赠款
e.g. The budget for grants has been increased
by $$10 million and for loans by $$30 million.
助学金预算增加了1000万美元，助学贷款预算增加了3000万美元。
Several
major foundations have made large grants to fund
wells and public toilets in Africa.
有几个大基金会大笔拨款资助非洲的水井和公共厕所建设。
property:
n. 属性；性质
e.g. Speed is a property not of any
single component of a car, but of the whole system
when the
car is operated properly.
速度不是一辆车某单一部件的属性，而是车辆正常运行时整个系统的属性。
But
Sedna’s was not attached to Neptune—it seemed
detached from everything, and nothing
else
seen orbiting the sun shared its strange orbital p
roperties.但是塞德娜的轨道没有附着在海
王星上——它似乎与一切都没有关系，在太阳轨道
上没有任何其他东西能与它的奇特轨道特
性共享。
brilliant: a.
having unusual intelligence 有才华的
e.g. He is
described by his students as “a brilliant man but
so practically incapable that he needed
help
to cross the road safely.”
学生是这么描述他的：“非常杰出，但日常生活中非常无能，需要有人帮忙才能安全过马路。”
It is interesting that the brilliant
businessman in the White House never mentions the
stock
market anymore.
有趣的是，白宫里的杰出商人再也不提股票市场了。
instrument:
n. 仪器
e.g. Astronauts are trained to operate
multiple instruments in the International Space
Station.
宇航员接受培训以便操作国际空间站里的各种仪器。
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I walked over to a table to retrieve
the necessary instruments.
我走到桌子那去取必要的仪器。
intrigue: vt. cause to be interested or
curious 激起…的兴趣或好奇心
e.g. I’m intrigued by the
results of your experiments, but not convinced.
你们实验的结果让我深感兴趣，但并没有让我信服。
She wasn't
familiar with Johnson's short fiction, but the
novel's premise intrigued her.
她对约翰逊的短篇小说并不熟悉，但小说的前提让她很感兴趣。
emit:
vt. give off (light, heat, radiation, etc.) 发出，放射
e.g. All countries need to raise carbon
productivity by using less energy and emitting
less
pollution.
各国需要减少能源使用、减少污染排放以提高碳生产率。
Coal-fired power stations continue to emit
large quantities of sulfur dioxide.
火力发电站持续排放大量二硫化碳。
emission: n.
发射（物），散发
e.g. This instrument is designed to
measure the absorption and emission of light at
specific
wavelengths.
该仪器是为测量特定波段光的吸收与发射。
World leaders are working to reduce global
carbon emissions immediately.
世界各国领导人正在努力减少全球碳排放量。
detect: vt.
discover the existence of 探测；察觉
e.g. Dogs
capable of detecting explosives are deployed at
airports and railway stations.
机场和火车站安置了爆炸物探测犬。
A fly has very sensitive
eyes to detect movements in its field of view.
蝇眼敏于探测视觉范围内的各种动静。
be bombarded with:
be under attack from or as from artillery; be made
to face a great deal of
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被…轰击；不得不面对大量的…
e.g. Today we’re
bombarded with advice on what to eat, what to
avoid.
如今我们接收到一大堆有关吃什么、要避开什么的建议。
She was
bombarded with questions about gas stations,
grocery stores and metro stations.
她被关于加油站、杂货店和地铁站的问题狂轰滥炸。
a greatlarge
amount of: a large quantity of 大量的
e.g. A
large amount of your time as a manager will be
devoted to meetings.
作为经理，你大量的时间将用来开会。
The
sport gives a great amount of pleasure to many
people.
这项运动给许多人带来很多欢乐。
result in:
have as a result 造成…结果，导致
e.g. The fire
resulted in the resignation of two city officials.
两名市政府官员因大火而辞职。
Talks in July resulted in
stalemate.
七月的会谈导致僵局。
intense: a. in
an extreme degree 强烈的
e.g. An intense
marketing campaign will continue to interest
overseas investors.
一场密集的营销活动将继续引起海外投资者的兴趣。
That reflects the greatest similarity between
1968 and today: the intense political divide of
the
audience.
这反映了1968和现在之间最大的相似之处：观众的强烈政治鸿沟。
hypothesis: n. 假设
e.g. This study
supported the hypothesis that the majority of air
pollutants came from coal
burning.
该研究支持这一假设：大多数空气污染物来自煤炭燃烧。
Professional
astronomers attacked him for popularizing an
unconfirmed hypothesis.
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专业天文学家攻击他，因为他推广一个未经证实的假说。
atomic: a. of or related to atoms 原子的
e.g.
Norman F. Ramsey Jr., who developed ultra-precise
techniques that lie at the heart of
modern
atomic clocks, was awarded the Nobel Prize for
Physics in 1989.
开发出现代原子钟最重要的超精密技术的诺曼·F·拉姆齐1989年被授予诺贝尔物理奖。
Here was a country that talked of “Four
Freedoms” and dropped two atomic bombs.
这是一个谈论“四个自由”并投下两枚原子弹的国家。
fragment: n.
a piece broken off or cut off from sth. 碎片，片段
e.g. Be careful! The floor is covered with
small fragments of glass.
小心！地板上全是玻璃小碎片。
Nathan remembered fragments of that
conversation.
内森记得那次谈话的片段。
coin: vt.
make up 杜撰，创造
e.g. New words are coined,
borrowed from other languages, or made out of
combined parts
from existing words.
有的新词被造出来，有的从其他语言借用过来，还有的由现有单词组合而成。
Smith
is credited with coining the term “outlaw country”
in the 1970s.
史密斯在20世纪70年代被誉为 “非法国家” 这个词的创造者。
suspect: v. imagine to be true or
probable 怀疑; 猜想
e.g. The police have arrested
several men suspected of acts of terrorism.
警察抓捕了几个涉嫌恐怖行动的人。
The cloudswarm of bees
hovering over my garden made me suspect that they
had a nest in it.
成群的蜜蜂在我的花园里飞，我怀疑它们在花园里筑巢了。
donate: v. give to a charity or good
cause 捐赠；捐献
e.g. This collection of oil
paintings was donated to our museum by a private
collector in 1973.
5
这批油画是1973年由私人收藏家捐给我们博物馆的。
Many
thanks to those of you who have already donated
money and things. If anyone has baby
clothes
to spare, please contact us.
感谢各位捐钱捐物。如有富余的婴儿服装的请与我们联系。
stir: v.
move a substance around with a stick in order to
mix it together 搅拌
e.g. He stirred a pot of
paint, dipped a brush in it, bent forward and
applied the brush to the wall.
他把一罐油漆晃了晃，把刷子蘸了蘸油漆，身体前倾，用刷子刷墙。
Cloudiness
is caused by the fish stirring up mud.
混浊是由鱼搅动泥浆引起的。
little by little: a
little bit at a time 渐渐地，逐次地
e.g. Little by
little his shoulders bent forward, and his face
showed deep sadness.
他的双肩慢慢耸起，满脸悲戚。
Little
by little the money dried up.
钱渐渐地没有了。
conclusion: n. an opinion or judgment reached
after consideration 结论
e.g. A conclusion is
only as strong as its premises.
前提多有力，结论也就多有力。
In conclusion, it is clear that the market is
maturing.
总而言之，市场正在成熟。
by the end
of: before the end of 到…结束时
e.g. By the end of
this year sales are expected to increase three
times.
预计今年年底销量将增加三倍。
It is evident that
we will be faced by a serious food shortage by the
end of the year.
很明显，到今年年底，我们将面临严重的粮食短缺问题。
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isolate: vt. obtain in
pure form （使）离析
e.g. This software can isolate
signals from space that match specific values.
这一软件能从对应特定值的空间分离出信号。
You can't isolate
stress from the management context.
你不能把压力从管理的大环境中孤立出来看待。
extract: vt.
obtain by chemical or mechanical action 提取
e.g. DNA can be extracted from blood samples.
DNA可从血样中提取。
The table is extracted from
the report.
这张表格是从报告中提取出来的。
purify:
vt. remove impurities from, increase the
concentration of sth. 净化
e.g. This plant is
used as a medicinal herb for purifying blood in
Cuba and some Asian countries.
该植物在古巴和某些亚洲国家用作草药净化血液。
A group of 19th-
century German painters set out to purify art.
一群19世纪的德国画家开始净化艺术。
contribution: n.
贡献
e.g. The dinner tonight honors Bob Dylan’s
contribution to the music industry.
今天的晚宴是为了向鲍伯·迪伦对音乐届的贡献表示敬意。
He made a
lasting contribution by designing the modern radio
telescope.
他通过设计现代射电望远镜做出持久的贡献。
nominate: vt. propose as a candidate for an
honor, position, duty, etc. 提名
e.g. Each party
nominates an observer to monitor the counting of
votes.
各方提名一位观察员监控计票。
Ms Dean was
nominated for the Turner Prize in 1998, and found
success as part of the
generation of so-called
Young British Artists.
迪安女士于1998年被提名特纳奖，并在所谓的英国年轻艺术家一代中获得成功。
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object to: oppose 反对
e.g. Under the
new Mental Health Act, a patient who objects to
treatment must be given a
second option.
根据新的心理健康法案，不愿接受治疗的病人必须有其他选择。
However,
bisexual-identified people and scholars may object
to the notion that bisexuality
means sexual
attraction to only two genders.
然而，双性恋的人和学者可能会反对这样的观点，即双性恋意味着只有两个性别的吸引力。
break out: start suddenly, sometimes violently
爆发；突发
e.g. There are plenty of materials in
most homes that could produce deadly smoke if fire
breaks
out.
大多数家庭都有不少遇火就会产生致命烟雾的材料。
A
chorus of shouts broke out among the kids when
Santa Claus entered their classroom.
圣诞老人走进教室时孩子们齐声欢呼。
portable: a. able
to be carried or moved easily, esp. by hand
手提的，便携式的
e.g. IBM used to be an important
player in the market for portable computers.
IBM曾是手提电脑市场的重要一员。
A small portable CD
player is the only concession to the modern age.
一个小型的便携式CD播放器是对现代时代唯一的让步
likely: a.
tending or inclined 可能的
e.g. Among the
magazine articles, which one is most likely to be
interesting to her?
这些杂志文章哪篇她会觉得最有意思？
ad.
probably 可能地
e.g. I’d very likely have done
the same thing in your situation.
我处在你的情况下很可能也这么做。
exposure: n. 暴露
e.g. Food goes bad as a result of long
exposure to warm temperature.
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食品长时间存放于较高温度下就会变质。
Scientific
findings receive regular exposure in the media.
科学发现经常受到媒体关注。
二、Text难句
Her work
with radioactive materials doomed her, however.
(Para. 1): However, daily exposure
to
radioactive materials made it tragically
inevitable for her to get sick and die
prematurely.
She was the youngest of five
children, three older sisters and a brother.
(Para. 2): This is an
elliptical sentence. It
means that Maria was the youngest child in the
family and that she had
three older sisters
and a brother. We may read the sentence as “She
was the youngest of five
children, with three
older sisters and a brother.”
... she
signed her name as “Marie” to seem more French.
(Para. 3): “Marie” is a variant of
“Maria” in
French, Czech, German, Swedish, Norwegian, and
Danish, while “Mary” is the English
variation
of “Maria.”
Her studies showed that the
effects of the rays were constant even when the
uranium ore was
treated in different ways.
(Para. 5): Her research showed that no matter how
the uranium ore
was treated, it emitted the
same amount and strength of rays.
If
true, this would mean that the accepted view of
the atom as the smallest possible fragment
of
matter was false. (Para. 5): If her hypothesis was
right, it would mean that people had to
change
their view of the atom being the smallest unit of
matter, which was a common view at the
time.
When World War I broke out in 1914, she
suspended her studies and organized a fleet of
portable X-ray machines for doctors on the
front. (Para. 10): When World War I started in
1914,
she stopped her research temporarily and
formed a group of vehicles equipped with portable
X-ray machines for doctors on the front.
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The Curies received another honor
in 1944 with the discovery of the 96th element on
the
Periodic Table of the Elements, which was
named curium. (Para. 13): In 1944 when the 96th
element on the Periodic Table of the Elements
was found it was named curium in honor of the
Curies.
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