人教版英语八下Unit10知识梳理、词汇句式精讲
生活启示-谢师宴
Unit10 知识梳理
【重点短语】
1. these
days 目前，现在
with great interest 以极大的兴趣关注着
3. in order to 为了
far 迄今，到目前为止
5. in
need 需要
6. not...any more 不再.....
7.
welcome to sp 欢迎来到.....
out 察看，观察
9.
board games 棋类游戏
10. one last thing 最后一样东西
11. junior high school 初级中学
out 清理
13. no longer 不再
monkey 玩具猴
15. part
with 与.....分开
16. to be honest 说实在的
17.
ride a bike 骑自行车
18. have a yard sale 进行庭院拍卖会
19. one’s old things 某人的旧东西
20.
bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回忆
21. give
away 捐赠
22. play for a while 玩一会
23. do
with 处理，处置
24. search for work 找工作
the
last 13 years 在过去的13年里
26. the mid-20th
century 20世纪中期
27. stay the same 保持原状
28.
according to 依照，按照
29. in one’s opinion
依......看
30. in my time 在我那个年代
【重点句型】
1. Have long have you had that bike over
there?
那边的那辆自行车你买了多久了？
2. Amy has had her
favorite book for three years .
艾米拥有她最喜欢的书3年了。
3. He has owned it since
his fourth birthday.
自他四岁生日起，他拥有这个东西了。
4.
Some people still live in their hometown. However,
others may
only see it once or twice a year.
有些人依然住在家乡，然而，另一些人可能一年只能回家乡一两
次。
5. As for me ,I did not want to give up my
football shirts,but to be
honest, I have not
played for a while now.
至于我，我不想放弃我的足球衣，但是，说实在的，我现在已经
有一段时间没有踢球了。
6. Have you ever thought about having a yard
sale to sell your
things?
你是否曾经想过要举办一个庭院拍卖会来出售东西？
7. What would you
do with the memory you raise?
你会怎样处理你所筹集到得钱？
【话题写作】
某英文报举办“家乡的变化”主题征文活动。请你根据以下提示，
“The changes
in my hometown”为题，用英语写一篇80词左右的
短文。
过去：
生活贫困，房屋破旧。污染严重，垃圾遍地。交通不便，游客很
少。
现在：
住房宽敞明亮，许多人有了自己的汽车。山更绿了，水更清了，
天更蓝了。每年有成千上万来自世界各地的游客。
将来：
请你展望家乡的未来。
【优秀满分范文】
The Changes In My Hometown
In the past, my hometown was very small,
and people lived a poor
life. The houses were
old and small. Pollution was very serious, and
there was rubbish everywhere. The traffic was
not convenient, so
few visitors came here.
Now great changes have taken place in my
hometown. The
environment has become more
beautiful. The mountains have
turned greener,
the rivers are clearer and the sky are bluer.
There
are trees, flowers and grass everywhere.
People live a better life.
Their houses are
large and bright. Many people have their own cars.
Every year , thousands of people from all over
the world come to
our city.
I’m sure
it will get richer and more beautiful in the
future. I love
my hometown.
Unit10
词汇讲解
1. forsince
(1) for与表示一段时间的词连
用，表示“做某事多长时间了”，常用于
现在完成时，表示从过去某时开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
for
所在句子中的动词是延续性动词。例如： I’ve lived inChinafor
two
years. 我住在中国两年了。 I’ve known him for
more than twenty
years. 我认识他20多年了。 (2)
since作连词，引导时间状语从句，
从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。例如： I
have studied English
since I came here.
自从我来这里就学习英语。 I have known her
since I was
five years old.
自从我五岁就认识她。since还可以作介
词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如：
She has been
ill since last weekend.
她自从上周末就病了。 She has been in
Wuhan since four
years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。
2.
makermaker是名词，意为“生产者；制造者”，是由“动词make +
后
缀-r”构成的。英语中，表示职业或身份的名词小结：(1) 以-ist结尾
的有：
pianist钢琴家 chemist化学家 violinist小提琴
家
physicist物理学家 scientist科学家 (2) 以-er，-r或-
or结尾
的有： teacher教师 painter画家 writer作家
singer歌唱
家 visitor参观者 actor演员
engineer工程师 inventor发明
家 professor教授
reporter记者(3) 以-man结尾的
有： postman邮递员
policeman警察 businessman商
人 spaceman宇航员
fisherman渔夫 dustman清洁工(4) 以
-ian结尾的有：
musician音乐家 politician政治家
3.
certaincertain作形容词，意为“某种；某事；某人”。例如： He
decided to sell his certain books. 他决定卖掉他的
某些书籍。【拓
展】certain作形容词，意为“确定的；无疑的”，相当于sure，对应的副词为certainly。certain常用于以下结构中：be certain sure of
sth.
对某事有把握 be certain sure to do sth.
肯定做某事be certain
sure + that从句 确信…… 例如：They
are certain sure of
success. 他们有把握成功。I’m
certain sure that he will come. 我
确信他会成功的。
4. a 46-year-old husband and father46-year-old
是复合形容词，这
种形容词有两个特点：一是词与词之间要用连字符连接；二是数词之
后的名词
用单数形式。例如： a three-meter-long
line一条三米长
的绳子【拓展】岁数的表达方式小结：(1) 基数词 + years
old。例
如： He is 8 years old. 他八岁了。(2) 基础词-
year-old。例
如： Lucy is an eighteen-year-old
girl. Lucy是一位18岁的女孩。
(3) 名词 + of + 基础词。例如：
Tom is a boy of 18. Tom是一位
18岁的男孩。(4) at the
age of + 基数词。例如： She is at the age
of 18.
她18岁了。5. shame shame是不可数名词，意为“羞耻；
羞愧；惭愧”。可与不
定冠词a连用，表示“可耻的人或事；可惜（遗
憾）的事”。例如： He felt no
shame for what he had done.
他
对自己所做过的事不感到羞愧。 It’s a shame that you can’t
stay for
dinner.
你不能留下吃晚饭，真遗憾。【拓展】shame常见的短语
有： feel shame
at…因……而感到羞愧 in shame羞愧
地
have no shame无羞耻心 with shame羞愧地 to one’s
shame令某人感到羞愧的是 bring shame on使丢脸
6.
regardregard作及物动词，意为“注视；注意；认作”。常用短语
regard…as…意
为“将……视为……；把……当作……”，as为介词，
其后可接名词或代词。例如： I
regard you as my best friend. 我
把你当作我最好的朋友。
We regard him as our brother. 我们把
他当成兄弟看待。
7. opposite(1) opposite作介词，意为“在……对面”，相当于across
from，常与名词一起构成介词短语，表方位。例如： They live
opposite the bank. 他们住在银行对面。 (2)
opposite作形容词，意
为“另一边的；对面的；相反的”。例如： We live
on the opposite side
of the road. 我们住在马路对面。(3)
opposite作副词，意为“在对面”。
例如： There’s an old man
living opposite. 有一个老人住在对面。
(4)
opposite作名词，意为“相反的人或物；对立面”，常与介词of一
起使用。例如：
“Tall” is the opposite of “short”.
“高”是“矮”的反义
词。
8. considerconsider作动词，意为“考虑、
认为”，它的后面跟名词、
动名词或者从句作宾语。 Please consider my
suggestion. 请考
虑我的建议。 Why don’t you
consider visiting Qing Dao？ 你为
什么不考虑去青岛参观？
I consider that he is a selfish man. 我
认为他是一个自私的人。
【拓展】后接动名词作宾语的动词及短语可参考以下归纳：完成，实
践，值得，忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）；考虑，建议，
不禁，想（consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like）；错过，习惯，
（别）放弃（miss, be used to, give up）；继续，喜欢，（要）介意
（keep on, enjoy, mind）。
练一练：I. 英汉互译。1. 多久___________________2. not …any
more __________3. grow up_____________ 4. 起初
___________________5. as for __________________6. give
up_____________7. 至少________________8. 一年一两次
________________9. according to ______________10. in order
to___________________
II. 根据句意及汉语提示写出所缺单词。1. All my life I have tried to
be an _________(诚实的) man.2. He tied a _________(围巾)
around his neck.3. Please ________(检查) your answer again.4.
It’s very comfortable to step on the _________(柔软的) ground in
the spring.5. During the 1830s, countries all over the world started
to build _________(铁路).6. He is the tallest one _____(在……当中)
the boys.7. In judging him you should ________(仔细考虑) his
youth.8. I have many pleasant _________(回忆) of our friendship.9.
My little son can _________(数数) from one to ten.10. Miss Li
_______(搜寻) on the Internet for the information she .
用since或for填空。1. Jill has been inIreland_________ Monday.2.
Jill has been inIreland_________ three days.3. My aunt has lived
inAustralia_________ 15 days.4.
Margaret is in her office. She has
been there
_______ 7 o’as been an independent
country
________ 1947.6. The bus is late. We’ve been
waiting
_______ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in
those houses. They have
been empty ________
many years.8. Mike has been ill ________ a
long time. He has been in hospital _______
October.
参考答案：I. 英汉互译。1. how long 2. 不再 3.
长大 4. at
first 5. 至于…… 6. 放弃 7. at least
8. once or twice a year 9.
根据；按照 10. 为了II.
根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单
词。1. honest 2. scarf 3.
check 4. soft 5. railway 6.
among 7.
consider 8. memories 9. count 10. searchedIII.
用
括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. since 2. for 3. for 4.
since 5.
since 6. for 7. for 8. for; since
Unit10 重点句型解析
1. How long have you had
that bike over there?
how long意为“多长时间”，询问某一动作或
状态持续了多久，故句中
的谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的连系动词。例如：How
long do you watch TV? 你看电视多长时间了？How long can I
keep
the book? 这本书我可以借多久？【拓展】how long; how
often;
how soon的辨析：
how
lon
表示“多长时间”，主要对时间段提问。例如：
— How long is
he staying? 他打算待多久？
g
how
—
He’s staying for a week. 他打算待一个星期。
表示“多久一次”，主要对频率进行提问。例如：
ofte— How
often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视？
n
how
—
Twice a week. 一周两次。
意为“还要多久”，多用在一般将来时中。例如：
soo— How soon will he be back? 他要多久才回来？
n
2. Because I don’t read it any …any
more意为“不再”。
not常位于be动词、情态动词或助动词之后，any
more常位于句末，
相当于no more。no
more常位于句中，放在be动词之后，实义动
词之前，两者经常可以互换。例如： He
doesn’t live here any more.
= He no more lives
here. 他不再住在这里了。【拓展】表示“不再”
的词还有not…any
longer或no longer。二者的区别在于：(1)
not…any more = no
more，表示数量或程度上的“不再”增加，通常修
饰终止性动词。例如： The baby
isn’t crying any more. = The baby
is no more
crying. 这个婴儿不再哭了。(2) no longer = not…any
longer表示时间或距离上的“不再”延长，通常修饰延续性的动词。例
如： I
can’t stand it any longer. 我对此再也不能忍受下去了。
3.
Amy thinks it’s hard to sell her old iswas + adj.
+ to
do sth. 意为“做某事是……的”，to do sth.为句子的真正的主语，而
it为形式主语，形式主语不能用别的词来代替，句中可在形容词后加
— In an
hour. 一小时以后。
for
sb.，意为“对于某人来说，做某事是……的”。例如： It’s important
for us to learn a foreign language.
对我们来说，学习一门外语是
相当重要的。 It’s necessary for us
to eat more fruit and
vegetables.
对我们来说，多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。【拓展】这
个句型中的for sb.有时也可以用of
sb. 二者意义有区别： (1) 在It’s
+ adj. + for sb. to do
sth. 中，for sb.意为“对某人来说”，句中的形容
词是用来说明to do
sth.的，形式主语只能用it。例如： It’s necessary
for the
students to do some housework.
对于学生们来说，做些家
务是十分必要的。 (2) 在It’s + adj. + of sb.
to do sth. 中of sb. 意为
“某人……”，句中形容词可与逻辑主语sb.
构成系表结构，即形容词
是用来说明或形容sb.（某人）的。例如： It’s very
kind of you to help
us. 你能帮助我们真是太好了。
4. Jim has been inJapanfor three days.(1)
been是be动词的过去
分词形式。(2) have been in 是be
in的现在完成时形式，一般与段
时间状语连用。例如： He has been in
hospital for two months. 他
住院已经有两个月了。【拓展】have
been to; have been in 与have
gone to的辨析：(1)
“have has been to + 地点”表示“去过某地”，现
在已经回来了。例如：
I’ve been to Beijing twice. 我已去过北京两
次。(2)
“havehas been in + 地点”表示“在某地待了一段时间”。例
如：
He’s been in this school for two years.
他在这所学校待了两
年了。(3)“ havehas gone to +
地点”表示“到某事去了”，现在还没有
回来，可能在去的途中，也可能在那里或返回的途中。例如：
—
Where’s Wei Hua? 魏华在哪里？ — She has
gone to the zoo. 她
到动物园去了。
5. But he also
thinks some things will never change, and his
hometown is still the place that holds all his
childhood
memories.这是一个复合句，some things至句末为宾语从句
，作
thinks的宾语。在该宾语从句中包含由and连接的两个分句，在第二
个分句中，“
that holds all his childhood memories”是定语从句，修饰
先行词place。关系代词that在定语从句中作主语。当定语从句的先
行词指物时，关系代词可用
that或which，当关系代词在定语从句中
作宾语时，关系代词that或which也可省略。
例如： I like clothes
thatwhich are unusual.
我喜欢与众不同的衣服。 Pass me the
book(thatwhich) you
bought for me yesterday. 把你昨天给我买
的那本书递给我。
练一练：I. 根据汉语提示完成英语句子（每空一词）。1.
你拥有那
边的那辆自行车多长时间了？ ______ ______ ______ you
______
that bike over there?2.
请查看一下这些玩具是否完好。Please
______ ______ if these
toys are all right.3. 说实在的，我很喜欢美
国乡村音乐。______
______ ______, I like American country music
very much.4. 我在纽约住了几个星期。I have lived in New
York for
______ ______ ______ weeks.5.
他不懈地学习着，直到不再讨厌
数学为止。He worked and worked until
he ______ ______ hated
mathematics.6.
怀特先生的记忆力很差。Mr. White has ______
______
______.7. “空的”是“满的”的反义词。“Empty” is ______
______ ______ “full”.8.
许多警察和官兵正在森林里搜寻从监狱里
跑出来的犯人。Many policemen and
soldiers are ______ the forest
______ the
prisoner escaping from . 句型转化，每空一词。
1. He ran
in the school for half an hour. (对划线部分提问) ______
______ ______ he run in the school?2. We
started to skate two
hours ago. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ you start to skate?3.
They
started to play the piano one or two hours ago.
(改为同义
句) They started to play the piano ______
______ ______ two
ago.4. They have been away
from here since two years ago. (改为
同义句) ______
______ two years ______ they left here.5. The
man began to work four hours ago. (改为同义句) The
man has
______ ______ four hours.6. I have
already finished my homework.
(改为否定句) I
______ ______ my homework ______.7. She has
cleaned the room. (改为一般疑问句) ______ she ______
the
room?8. Tina bought the car last year.
(改为同义句) Tina ______
______ the car ______ a .
补全对话。
A. Who has gone there?B. When are you
going there?C. I haven’t bee
n there,
either.D. I’ve seen and learnt a lot there.E.
What have you d
one in the holiday?F. Which
pavilion do you want to visit most?G. But I
hear there’re a large number of people every
day.
M: Yang Liu, the summer holiday is
over. 1 W: I have visited
the World
Expo Garden in Shanghai.M: That must be
exciting. 2 You must have waited for a
long time to visit some
wonderful pavilion,
didn’t you?W: Yes, I did. But I think it’s worth
visiting. 3 M: You’re right. I want to
go to the World Expo
Garden, too.W: 4
M: I’m planning to go during National Day
holiday.W: 5 M: The China Pavilion, of
course.W: Have a
pleasant trip.M: Thanks.
参考答案：I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。1. How long
have;
had 2. check out 3. To be honest 4.
a couple of 5. no longer6. a b
ad memory 7.
the opposite of 8. searching; forII.
句型转化，每空一词。1.
How long did 2. When did 3.
one hour or 4. It is; since 5. worked fo
r
6. haven’t finished; yet7. Has; cleaned 8. has
had; forIII. 补全对话。1-
5 EGDBF