翻译理论与实践(17)
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翻译知识与技巧：conversion
1. conversion of
word classes
What is expressed in verbal style
in Chinese is very often expressed in the nominal
style in English,for
example:
1).他请求领导分配他到基层去工作。（5 verbs）
2).
你写信叫他派人想办法去了解全部情况。（6 verbs）
3).
我去叫他派一个会计到这儿来帮助你算帐吧。（7 verbs）
1.1．
onversion from English nouns and adjectives into
Chinese verbs and adverbs:
1). All peace-
loving people demand the complete prohibition and
thorough destruction of nuclear weaspons.
一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器，彻底销毁核武器。
2). From the
depths of its being, they are endeavoring to bring
about a radical transformation of human life.
他们力图从根本上彻底改变人类生活。
3). He was a clever man;
a pleasant companion, a careless student; with a
great propensity for running into
debt, and a
partiality for the tavern. (Vanity Fair)
他是个聪明人，谈吐非常风趣，可是学习上又不肯用功，老
是东挪西借，又喜欢上酒点喝酒。
4). Television is the transmission and
reception of images of moving objects by radio
waves. 用无线电波传
送和接收活动物体图象的技术称为电视。
5). No
violasion of this principle can be tolerated.
违犯这一原则的行为是不允许的。
1.2． onversion from English
adjectives into Chinese verbs:
1). She is
familiar with English grammar. 她熟悉英语语法。
2).
She is content to stay at home. .她甘愿留在家里。
3).
The whole village was astir with the news.
消息传来，全村轰动。
4). Sugar and salt are both soluble
in water. 糖和盐二者都溶于水。
5). In order to carry
through its policies of economic development,
peace is necessary for China.
为了执行发
展经济的政策，中国需要和平。
1.3． Conversion from
English prepositions into Chinese verbs:
1).In
his early days he abandoned medicine for
literature. 他早年就放弃了学医，改学文学。
2). Man can not
survive without air. 离开了空气人类不能生存。
3). She ran
over the lawn, up the path, down the steps, across
the veranda and into the
porch.她一路小跑，越
过草地，爬上小路，跑下台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。
4).
The increased levels of chlorine disrupt the
global process by which the earth regulates the
amount of
ultraviolet radiation from the sun
that is allowed through the atmosphere to the
surface.
上升了的氯气含量会打乱全球性程序。通过这一程序地球可以调节来自太阳、穿过
大气层、到达地表
的紫外线辐射量。
5). China is against
hegemony and power politics.中国反对霸权主义和强权政治。
1.4． Conversion from English nouns into
Chinese adjectives:
1). Independent thinking
is an absolute necessity in study. 独立思考在学习上是绝对必要的。
2). I am a perfect stranger to physics.
我对物理一窍不通。
3). The lower stretches of rivers
show considerable variety. 河流下游的情况是多种多样的。
4).
The meeting was a great success. 会议开得很成功。
5).
I have full confidence of the reliability of the
information. 我充分相信，信息是可靠的。
1.5． Conversion
from English verbs into Chinese nouns:
1). Often property damage and disrupted
lives result. 结果往往是财产遭受损失，生活受到影响。
2).The Greek
word “atom” means “cannot be cut”.
希腊语“原子”一词的意思是“不可分割”。
3). The earth on which we
live is shaped like a ball. 我们所居住的地球形状像个球体。
4). The instrument is characterized by its
compactness and portability.
这种仪器的特点是结构紧揍，携带方
便。
辨义：翻译之本
Each
word when used in a new context is a new word. (J.
R. Firth, 1890--1960)
1. George passed.
2.
the school of the air
3. a family tree
4.
Last evening I went to a do held by our China
Study Group.
5. the see of Sydney
6. They
wanted us to have tea, but we said we had just had
it. Then Miss Standish wanted us to have tea
and cake.
7. Seven months they spend up
there killing themselves in the cane season, and
then they come down
here to live a little.
8. He is unhappy now, because he had a blue
with his friend just now.
9. That’s a tall
story about the towns’ high street.
10. She
told me that her 18-year-old son was the baby.
11. Her mother is a sister in a Melbourne
hospital.
Do-social function, party
See—official seat, center of authority, of a
bishop (教廷)
Tea—a meal eaten in the early
evening
Kill—to make feel great pain or
exhaustion
Live—to enjoy life to the full
Blue—an argument, quarrel or fight
Tall—hard to believe, exaggerated
High
street—the main street os a town or city
Baby—a person of any age, who is the youngest
among brothers and sisters
Sister—senior nurse
in a hospital
Some examples of
mistranslation from Advanced English:
1）As
they exchanged the ritual formula of gratitude and
respect: （lesson 2, p13）
（他们不停地点头弯腰），致感激之情。（相互致意）（第二课，p21）
2）“if
you write about this city, do not forget to say
that it is the gayest city in Japan.” （lesson 2,
p16）
“如果你要写这个城市，别忘了写这里是日本最快乐的城市。”（第二课，p23）
3）With its ability to trap more heat in the
atmosphere and slowly warm the earth. （lesson 3,
p28）
使得更多的热量包裹在大气层中，进而导致地球变暖。（第三课，p42）
4）Surely we must acknowledge a new
responsibility to use that power wisely and with
appropriate restraint. （lesson 3, p36）
我们必须承担一种新的责任，明智地使用那种权利，并加以克制。（第三课，p45）
5）I
had not the slightest doubt where our duty and
policy lay. Nor indeed what to say. （lesson 5,
p77）
对于我们的职责所在、政策所归，我没有半点犹豫；对我要发表的讲话也无半点的怀疑。（第
五课，p98）
6）我的私人秘书克勒维尔先生正好周末值班，以下的记述是他就我的官邸一天来发生
的事情的描述，也许与之有些关
联。（第五课，p99）
7）The
Nazi Regime is indistinguishable from the worst
features of Communism. （lesson 5, p79）
纳粹体制与共产主义的最糟糕之处毫无两样。（第五课，p99）
8）“Now
then,” he said, “you two was in the hit-’n-run.”
(Lesson 6, p93)
“现在呢，”
他说道，“你们与开车肇事后逃逸有关。”（第六课，p120）
9）“It’s no go,
old girl, I’m afraid.” (Lesson 6, p94)
“没有用的，老婆子。我担心得很。”（第六课，p120）
10）“You were
into a second hundred ----with a real swinging
party----when your wife got there in a taxi.”
(Lesson 6, p94)
正当你与喝酒喝得前仰后合的赌友再赌一百块时，你夫人坐出租车赶到了那里。（第六课，p121）
11）You people are hot. (Lesson 6, p99)
你们都成新闻焦点了。（第六课，p124）
12）Undoubtedly what
this oafish detective said was true: (Lesson 6,
p100)
毫无疑问，这个胖得畸形的探长的话不假：（第六课，p124）
13）He
participated aboundantly in this life, (Lesson 9,
p151)
他大量地参与这种生活，（第九课，p186）（积极投身于）
14）Life
called it a “a non-word deluge”. (Lesson 11, p185)
《生活》杂志称该词典为“非词的泛滥成灾。”（第十一课，p233）
15）Before
we look at basic principles…(Lesson 11, p186)
在看上述基本原则之前（第十一课，p233）
16）is observing and
setting down precisely what happens when native
speakers speak it. (Lesson 11, p187)
就是观察并精确地确定本族语者说话时发生了怎样的变化。（第十一课，p234）
17）and it seams you claim a “poor to fair”
knowledge of Russian. Hey? How is that？That’s very
unusual. (Lesson 14, p263)
似乎你还会点俄语。是不是啊？水平如何？可不简单哟。（第十四课，p313-314）
18）Saps at sea, eh? Not inapproriate! (Lesson
14, p266)
是《傻瓜出海记》，啊？还不错嘛！（第十四课，p315）
19）A
gay but inconsequent entertainment. (Lesson 14,
p266)
一部开心热闹但不合逻辑的娱乐片。（第十四课，p316）
20）But
istn’t the Pacific your fight, pure and simple?
(Lesson 14, p268)
简单地说，难道你们不想参加太平洋战争？（第十四课，p316）
homework:
But, as has been true in many
other cases, when they were at last married, the
most ideal of situations was
found to have
been changed to the most practical. Instead of
having shared their original duties, and as
school-boys would say, going haves, they
discovered that the cares of life had been
doubled. This led to
some distressing moments
for both our friends; they understood suddenly
that instead of dwelling in
heaven they were
still upon earth, and had made themselves slaves
to new laws and limitations. Instead of
being
freer and happier than ever before, they had
assumed new responsibilities; they had established
a
new household, and must fulfill in some way
or another the obligations of it. They looked back
with
affection to their engagement; they had
been longing to have each other to themselves,
apart from the
world, but it seemed they never
felt so keenly that they were still units in
modern society.