朱伟恋恋有词低频词汇教案汇总
体育运动口号-死亡诗社读后感
Unit 21
A. 单词识记
subtle:
【adj.】微妙的；敏感的；狡猾的；巧妙的
形近词
subsequent
bound:【v.】 跳；弹回；给„„划界，限 制
【n.】
跳；跳跃；跃进；边界；限制
【adj.】 被捆绑的；被束缚的；一定的；必定的
形近词
rebound, boundary, abound
rebound n. 弹回；反弹
v. 产生反作用；未能奏效
boundary n. 分界线，界线；范围
abound v.
大量存在；充满，富于
词组
be bound to： 必定，一定
be
bound up with： 与„„有密切联系
bother:
【v.】 使焦急；烦扰；打扰；操心；费力；麻烦
【n.】 努力；尽力；费心
词组
bother to do： 操心做„„
rent 【v.】
租，租赁
【n.】 租金
形近词
coherent
adj. 一致的；连贯的；清楚明白的；有条理的
organize 【v.】 组织；安排；准备；规划
形近词
disorganized adj. 组织混乱的；缺乏条理 的
同义词
mobilize v. 调动， 动用(资源) ；动员；召集；动员起来
arrange
v. 安排；排列；商定
perpetual 【adj.】
不间断的；长久的；无尽无休的
同义词
appetizer n. 开胃品
dessert n. 餐后甜食
harm 【n.】 伤害；损害，危害
【v.】 伤害；损害，危害
形近词
harmful,
harmonious, harsh, pharmaceutical
形近词
harmful adj. 有害的
harmonious adj. 协调的；和谐的；
harsh adj. 粗糙的；刺耳的；严厉的；残酷的
pharmaceutical adj. 制药的；药(物)的
同义词
hurt v. 损害；使受伤；使伤心 n. 伤害；痛苦
damage v. 损害；毁坏
n. 损害；损毁
electronic: 【adj.】电子的
形近词
electronics n. 电子业；电子学
electronically adv. 电子地
rare
【adj.】稀有的；难得的；珍奇的；稀薄的；稀疏的
形近词
rarely
adv. 很少地；难得地；
近义词
uncommon adj.
不寻常的；罕见的
exceptional adj. 例外的；独特的
treat 【v.】对待；看待；处理；治疗；论述；款待；请客
形近词
retreat v. 撤退；退避，退却；放弃
n.
后退；撤退；静养所
undertreatment n. 处理不足；治疗不够
同义词
deal v. 处理；惩处
handle v.
应付；处理
vanish 【v.】 消失；消亡
形近词
diminish v. ( 使 ) 减小；( 使 ) 减弱；( 使 )
降低；贬低；轻视；
disappear v. 消失；不见
divide【v.】 分，划分；分开；分配；除；意见分歧；分裂
【n.】
分歧，不和；分水岭
形近词
dividend n.
被除数；股息，红利；附赠品；发给参加保险投保人的盈
余比例份额
divided
adj. 分离的；分裂的；有分歧的
同义词
separate v.
分离；分开
adj. 分开的；单独的；独立的
split
v. ( 使 ) ( 团体 ) 意见不合；( 使 )分裂；使裂开
mere
【adj.】 仅仅；只不过；纯粹的
形近词
merely adv.
纯粹地；仅仅；只不过
近义词
sheer adj.
纯粹的；完全的；全然的
simple adj. 简单的；单纯的
invest
【v.】 投资
【n.】 投资额
形近词
investor
n. 投资人
investment n. 投资：投资额
investigation n.调查；研究
manufacture【v.】
制造；加工；虚构；捏造
【n.】 制造；制造品；产品
形近词
manufacturing n. 制造业；工业
manufacturer n.
制造商；生产商
prompt 【adj.】 敏捷的；迅速的，即刻的
【v.】 激起；促使；推动
形近词
provoke v. 挑衅；激怒；激起；引起
prompting n. 激 励；提示；剌激
近义词
spur v.
鼓励；激励；促进；加速；推动
n. 马刺；刺靴；刺激；激励；推动力
table 【n. 】 桌子；台子；目录；表格
形近词
comfortable, charitable, acceptable,
disputable, profitable,
stable,unacceptable,
suitable, regrettable, respectable
形近词
comfortable adj. 舒适的；令人放松的；愉快放松的
charitable adj. 慈悲为怀的；慈善的；仁慈的；施舍慷慨的
acceptable adj. 可以接受的；令人满意的；值得接受的；可忍受的
disputable adj. 有讨论余地的；真假可疑的
profitable
adj. 有利润的；赚钱的；有利益的
stable n.
马；马棚；一群赛马；畜舍；一群人
adj.
稳定的；牢固的；可靠的；稳重的；可信赖的；平稳的；坚
定的
v.
把„„拴入马厩；住于马厩中
unacceptable adj. 无法接受的；不受欢迎的
suitable adj. 适当的；适宜的；合适的
regrettable
adj. 令人遗憾的；抱歉的；可惜的
respectable adj.
值得尊重的；体面的；人格高尚的；令人满意的
weigh 【v.】
称„„重量；称；重达；考虑；权衡
形近词
weight n. 重量；重担；体重
v. 加重量于；使加权；压迫
outweigh v. (
在重要性、意义等上 ) 重于；大于；超过；胜过
boom 【n.】
繁荣；迅速增长
【v.】 迅速发展；兴旺；发出隆隆声
词组
baby
boom： 生育高峰
entitle 【v.】 给„„以权利
( 或资格 )；给„„以称号；给„„提名
形近词
title n.
题目；标题；称号；头衔；权益；权利；冠军；职务；名称
entitlement n.
权利；授权；有资格；有权得到的东西
subtitle n. 小标题；副标题；( 电影的 )
字幕
词组
be entitled to： 有权；有资格
近义词
nominate v. 提名„„为候选人；任命；挑选；指定
denominate
v. 给„„命名；称呼„„为
institute 【n.】 学会；研究所；学院；协会
形近词
institution n. 机构；体系；制度
institutional adj. 机构的；体系的；制度的
restrict: 【v.】限制；约束
形近词
restriction n. 限制； Merely expanding
the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough.
词组 investment [n]投资；投资额
restrain sb.
from doing sth.：限制某人做某事 2007 年阅读 Text 3
refrain from doing sth.： 抑制 克制不做某事 President
Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a
saving-account
同义词 model, with retirees
trading much or all of their guaranteed payments
for
constrain v. 约束；限制；强迫 payments depending
on investment returns.
curb v. 控制；抑制；限定；约束
manufacture [vt] 虚构；捏造
prohibit v. 禁止 2006
年翻译
forbid v. 禁止；阻止 Like other human
beings, he encounters moral issues even in
everyday
partial 【adj.】
部分的；局部的；不完全的；不公平的；偏袒的 performance of
his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his
conclusion 【n.】 结论；推论；结束；终结
形近词
conclusive, inconclusive, conclude,
concluding, exclude，conclusion
形近词
conclusive adj. 令人信服的；确凿的
inconclusive
adj. 非决定性的；无结果的
conclude v. 总结；结束；得出结论；断定；决定
concluding adj. 结束的
exclude v.
将„„排除在外；不包括；拒绝；阻止；对„„不予考虑
词组
in
conclusion： 最后；总之；综上
decorate: 【v.】 授予 ( 某人
) 勋章；装饰；装点；点缀；布置
同义词
ornament
n. 装饰图案；装饰物
v. 装饰；美化
discard 【v.】
丢弃；抛弃；放弃
【n.】 抛弃；被丢弃的东西或人
词组
get rid of： 除掉；去掉
cast off： 脱下；解开
同义词
desert v. 丢开；抛弃
abandon
v. 放弃；抛弃
Unit 21
C. 单词应用
bound
[adj] 被捆绑的；被束缚的
2012 年完型
Part of the
problem is that the justices are not bound by an
ethics code.
bother [v] 操心；费力
2009 年阅读
Text 1
But don’t bother trying to kill off old
habits.
rent [n] 租金
2008 年阅读 Text 1
“It’s the hardest thing to take care of a
teenager, have a job, pay the
rent, pay the
car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from
paycheck to
paycheck.”
perpetual
[adj]不间断的；无尽无休的
2006 年阅读 Text 4
But it’s
not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war,
disaster
and the massacre of innocents.
harm [v] 伤害
2003 年阅读 Text 2
Hearing
allegations of cruelty to animals in research
settings, many are
perplexed that anyone would
deliberately harm an animal.
rare [adj] 稀有的
2008 年完型
He is that rare bird, a
scientist who works independently of any
institution.
treat [v] 对待；看待
2014
年阅读 Text 4
Today, professors routinely treat
the progressive interpretation of
history and
progressive public policy as the proper subject of
study while
portraying conservative or
classical liberal ideas—such as free markets
and self-reliance—as falling outside the
boundaries of routine, and
sometimes
legitimate, intellectual investigation.
vanish
[v] 消失
2013 年翻译
When we are deprived of
green, of plants,of trees, most of us give into
a demoralization of spirit which we usually
blame on some psychological
conditions, until
one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the
expression vanish as if by magic.
merely
[adv]仅仅；只不过
2011 年阅读 Text 1
experiments,
manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports.
acceptable [adj]可以接受的
2011 年阅读 Text 2
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading
for top performers The
financial crisis has
made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to
leave
a bad one.
profitable [adj]
有利润的；赚钱的；有利益的
2010 年阅读新题型
But almost all
have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in
their own
backyard: the wholesale food and
drink trade, which appears to be just
the kind
of market retailers need.
suitable
[adj]适当的；适宜的
2010 年阅读 Text 1
To read such
books today is to marvel at the fact that their
learned
contents were once deemed suitable for
publication in general-circulation
dailies.
considering [prep]考虑到；就„而论
2011年阅读Text
4
No shock there, considering how much work it
is to raise a kid without
a partner to lean
on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it,
raising a
kid on their “own” (read: with
round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.
be
entitled to [v]有权；有资格
2010 年翻译
Yet these
creatures are members of the biotic community and,
if its
stability depends on its integrity,
they are entitled to continuance.
partial
[adj]部分的；局部的
2012 年阅读 Text 2
A string
of accidents, including the partial collapse of a
cooling
tower in 2007 and the discovery of an
underground pipe system
leakage, raised
serious questions about both Vermont Yankees
safety
and Entergy’smanagement especially
after the company made
misleading statements
about the pipe.
decorate [v] 装饰；布置
2006
年阅读 Text 2
Hilton is building its own hotel
there, which you may be sure will be
decorated
with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the
Banquo
Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will
be very expensive.
Unit 22
A. 单词识记
discourage: 【v.】阻止；使泄气；使失去信心
形近词
courage n. 勇气，胆量
courageous adj. 勇敢的；无畏的
encourage
devil: 【n.】 (犹太教、
基督教和伊斯兰教中的)魔王， 撒旦；
(用于强调)家伙， 人；淘气鬼；冒失鬼
elderly:【adj.】上了年纪的
bulk: 【n.
】( 大 ) 体积；( 大 ) 量；庞大的身躯；巨大的体重；主体；大
部分
形近词
bulb n. 电灯泡；球茎；鳞茎
bypass:
【v.】 ( 通常为更快地实现某事 ) 越过；避开；绕开；( 道
路 ) 绕过
calorie: 【n. 】卡，卡路里 ( 热量单位 )
facilitate
【v.】促进；使便利
faint:【adj.】微弱的，暗淡的，虚弱的；
不尽力的；敷衍的；半心半意的；晕
眩的；虚弱无力的
【v.
】晕厥；晕倒
【n. 】昏厥，昏倒
fashionable:
【adj.】 流行的；时髦的；时兴的
gratitude: 【n.
】 感恩之情；感谢
engineering:
【n. 】 工程；工程学
alliance: 【n. 】( 国家或政党的 )
联盟；同盟
backward:
【adj.】向后的，往后的；倒退的；不进反退的
bait:【n.】 饵；诱饵
【v. 】 装饵于；给 ( 鱼钩或陷阱等 ) 上诱饵
banquet: 【n.】宴会；盛宴
constitute:
【v.】被视为；可算作；构成；组成
copyright: 【n.
】版权；著作权
costly: 【adj.
】昂贵的；价格高的；造成严重损失的；代价大的
damn:【adj. 】( 用于加强语气 )
该死的；可恶的；十足的；完全的
【v.】谴责 ；指责( 政策、行动等
)
deputy:【n. 】副职；副手；副主管；代表；议员
Unit 22
C. 单词应用
Discourage [v] 阻止
2007
年阅读新题型
When asked what they want to do, they
should be discouraged from saying
“I have no
idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but
having only
a foggy view of the future is of
little good.
courageous [adj.] 勇敢的；无畏的
2014 年翻译题
This courageous attitude in fact
becomes a requirement for the performers
of
Beethoven’s music.
encourage [v.] 鼓励，鼓舞
2007 年阅读新题型
If the study of law is
beginning to establish itself as part and parcel
of a general education,its aims and methods
should appeal directly to
journalism
educators. Law is a discipline which encourages
responsible
judgment.
elderly [adj] 上了年纪的
2007 年阅读 Text 3
Even demographics are
working against the middle class family, as the
odds
of having a weak elderly parent—and all
the attendant need for physical
and financial
assistance—have jumped eightfold in just one
generation.
bulk [n] 大部分
2006 年完型
Even
when homeless individuals manage to find a shelter
that will give
them three meals a day and a
place to sleep at night, a good number still
spend the bulk of each day wander the street.
bulb [n]电灯泡
2009
年完型
This suggests that dimmer bulbs burn
longer, that there is an advantage
in not
being too terrifically bright.
bypass [v]
避开；绕开
2009 年阅读 Text 1
Instead, the
new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves
create parallel pathways that can bypass those
old roads.
calorie [n] 卡路里
2008 年阅读
Text 3
Growth, which rarely continues beyond
the age of 20, demands calories and
nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding
tissues.
facilitate [v] 促进
2008 年阅读 Text 2
It facilitates public investment in scientific
research.
faint [adj]不尽力的；敷衍的
2011 年阅读
Text 1
As a description of the next music
director of an orchestrathat has
hitherto been
led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre
Boulez,that
seems likely to have struck at
least some Times readers as faint praise.
fashionable [adj] 流行的
2007 年阅读 Text 3
Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the
share of it borne by families
have risen—and
newly fashionable health-savings plans are
spreading from
legislative halls to Wal-Mart
workers, with much higher deductibles and
a
large new dose of investment risk for families
future healthcare.
gratitude [n] 感恩之情
2014 年阅读 Text 3
It is wise to take such
gifts with gratitude and grace.
engineering
[n] 工程；工程学
2007 年阅读 Text 1
Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied
nuclear engineering until he
realized he would
have more opportunity to conduct his own research
if
he switched to psychology.
alliance [n]
联盟
2013 年阅读 Text 2
In February the FTC and the Digital
Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that
the
industry would get cracking on responding to DNT
requests.
backward [adj] 向后的
2009 年完型
Instead of casting a wistful
glance backward at all the species we’ve
left
in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the
real costs of our
own intelligence might be.
banquet [adj] 宴会的
2011 年阅读 Text 1
Hilton is building its own hotel there, which
you may be sure will be
decorated with Hamlet
Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquet
Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be
very expensive.
copyright [n] 版权
2008 年阅读 Text 2
Copyright rested with the
journal publisher, and researchers seeking
knowledge of the results would have to
subscribe to the journal.
damn [adj] 该死的；可恶的
2006 年阅读 Text 4
The reason, in fact, may
be just the opposite: there is too much damn
happiness in the world today.
deputy [n]
副职；副手
2011 年阅读 Text 2
As the first
signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy
chiefs may be
more willing to make the jump
without a net.
Unit 23
A. 单词识记
幻灯片2
bin 【n.】 垃圾桶；垃圾箱；箱子；储物箱；储藏箱
形近词
bind
v. 使紧密联系；使关系密切；约束；限制；使负有义务 ( 或责任 )
bruise
【n.】淤伤；青肿
【v.】 碰伤；擦伤
census
: 【n.】人口普查
charter 【 n.】 章程；宪章
【adj.】
( 飞机或船只 ) 包租的；包用的；根据特许状办理 ( 或设
立 ) 的
【v.】 (个人、 团体)包租；租用(飞机、船只等 )
clarity 【n.】 (
书、论点等的 ) 清楚；清晰易懂；明晰；思路清晰；
有条理
moan
【v.】呻吟；呜咽；抱怨
【n.】抱怨；低沉的声音
mock 【v.】
嘲笑；嘲弄；( 模仿 ) 取笑
【adj.】假的；仿制的；假装的
obsession 【n.】着迷；困扰
passion
【n.】激情；热情；热恋；强烈爱好；强烈的感情
【v.】[ 诗歌用语 ]
表露强烈感情；显示巨大热情
prevalent【adj.】流行的；盛行的；普遍的
hedge 【n.】 树篱
【v.】
用树篱围起；回避；躲闪；防备，防范 ( 尤指金钱损失 )
【adj.】树篱下的；树篱旁的
hypothesis 【n.】假设；假说
infant 【n.】婴儿；(5~7 岁的 ) 幼儿
【adj.】供婴儿用的
intrude 【v.】侵入；侵扰；打扰；闯入；干扰
knit 【v.】编织；针织
【n.】编织物；编织法
形近词
kit n. 衣物和装备；成套用品；配套元件
v. ( 为特定活动而 ) 使某人装备起来
repertoire
【n.】全部节目；全部本领；( 计算机的 ) 指令表
senate
【n.】参议院；上院；大学理事会；大学评议会
handle 【v.】处理；对待；操纵；触摸；抚养
【n.】柄，把手
词组
get rid of： 除掉；去掉；摆脱
dispose of：
解决；将 ( 某物 ) 处理掉
cope with： 对付；支应
同义词
manage v. 处理；设法对付
address v.
对付；处理；设法了解并解决；向„„作正式讲话；向„„说话
monopoly
【n.】垄断；专卖；垄断企业
形近词
possession n.
占有；所有；拥有
control n. 控制 ( 能力 )；支配 ( 能力 )
v. 控制；掌管；管理
strive
【v.】奋斗；努力；力争；力求
形近词
stripe n. 条纹；线条；臂章；种类
词组
strive for： 奋斗；争取
Unit 23
C.
单词应用
bin [n] 箱子；储物箱
2013 年阅读 Text 1
In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears
Prada, Miranda Priestly, played
by Meryl
Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for
imagining that high
fashion doesn’t affect
her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color
of the assistant’s sweater descended over the
years from fashion shows
to department stores
and to the bargain bin in which he poor girl
doubtless
found her garment.
bind [v]约束；限制
2012 年完型
Part of the problem is that the
justices are not bound by an ethics code.
bruise [adj]头破血流的；激烈的
2010 年阅读 Text 4
After a bruising encounter with
Congress,America’s Financial Accounting
Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule
changes.
census [n] 人口普查
2006 年阅读 Text 1
The 1990 Census revealed that a majority of
immigrants from each of the
fifteen most
common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or
‘very
well’ after ten years of residence.
charter [adj]根据特许状办理 ( 或设立 ) 的
2012 年阅读
Text 4
Reform has been vigorously opposed,
perhaps most egregiously in
education, where
charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced
drawn-out battles.
clarity [n] 思路清晰
2014 年完型
As many people hit middle age,
they often start to notice that their memory
and mental clarity are not what they used to
be.
moan [v] 抱怨
2010 年阅读 Text 4
Their rules, moan the banks, have forced
them to report enormous
losses, and it’s just
not fair.
mock [v] 嘲笑；嘲弄
2009 年阅读 Text 4
Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter
religious commitments than Dane’
s, as one
clergyman learned in confronting folk along the
coast who mocked
that they had not come to the
New world for religion. “Our main end was
to
catch fish.”
hedge [v]防备，防范 ( 尤指金钱损失 )
2010 年阅读 Text 2
The Bilski case involves a
claimed patent on a method for hedging risk
in
the energy market.
hypothesis [n] 假设
2008
年完型
The idea that some groups of people may be
more intelligent than others
is one of those
hypotheses that dare not speak its name.
infant [n] 婴儿
2010 年完型
Many of the
ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of
disease,
and infants rarely survived the
journey.
intrude [v] 侵扰
2013 年阅读 Text 4
On the overturned
provisions the majority held the congress had
deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona
had thus intruded on the
federal’s privileged
powers.
knit [n] 编织物
2013 年阅读
Text 1
For H&M to offer a $$5.95 knit miniskirt
in all its 2,300-plus stores around
the world,
it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in
volumes that
strain natural resources, and use
massive amounts of harmful chemicals.
senate
[n] 参议院
2012 年阅读 Text 2
Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont
Senate voted 26 to 4 last year
against
allowing an extension.
address [v] 设法了解并解决
2014 年阅读 Text 4
Regrettably, however, the
report’s failure to address the true nature
of
the crisis facing liberal education may cause more
harm than good.
address [v] 处理
2012
年完型
The justices must address doubts about the
court’s legitimacy by making
themselves
accountable to the code of conduct.
control
[v] 控制
2014 年阅读 Text 1
What
motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal
for “fundamental
fairness”—protecting the
taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring
that only the most deserving claimants
received their benefits.
stripe [n] 种类
2007 年阅读 Text 3
Scholars, policymakers,
and critics of all stripes have debated the social
implications of these changes, but few have
looked at the side effect:
family risk has
risen as well.
Unit 24
A. 单词识记
adapt
【v.】( 使 ) 适应；改编；改写
形近词
adaptiveness n.
适应性；适应能力
readmit v. 重新接纳
contempt
【n.】轻视；蔑视；鄙视
形近词
contemptible adj. 可鄙的
dense 【adj.】稠密的；浓密的；密集的；( 物质 ) 密度大的
形近词
densely adj. 稠密的；浓密的；密集的；( 物质 ) 密度大的
exhaust 【v.】使筋疲力尽；耗尽；抽完
【n.】排气装置；废弃
forecast 【n.】 预测；预报
mutual
【adj.】相互的；彼此的；共有的
形近词
mutually adv.
互相地
词组
mutual benefit： 共同的利益
nowhere 【adv.】任何地方都不；没有任何地方
preferable 【adj.】 更可取的；更好的；更合适的
形近词
preference n. 偏爱；优先 ( 权 )；偏爱的事物 ( 或人 )
reinforce 【v.】 增援；加强
形近词
enforce v.
强制执行(法律、规定等 )；强行实施；强加；迫使
renew 【v.】
重新开始；更新；恢复；使 ( 受到损毁或丢失后 ) 重获
新生
sympathy
【n.】同情；同情心；赞同
词组
show sympathy for：
同情„„
in sympathy with： 同情；赞成
excel
【v.】 优于；超过
【n.】 擅长；胜过其他
形近词
excess, excessive, excellent, excellence
形近词
excess n. 过多；过量；无节制；无度
adj.
过量的；过多的；额外的；多余的
excessive adj. 过分的；
excellent adj. 极好的；卓越的；杰出的
excellence n.
优秀；卓越；杰出
词组
excel inat：
在„„方面胜过；在„„方面擅长
forth 【adv.】 向前；向外
词组
set forth： 启程；出发
back-and-forth：
来回的；一来一往的
and so forth： 等等；诸如此类
frightening 【adj.】 可怕的；令人恐惧的
frustrate【v.】使灰心；使沮丧；挫败；阻挠„„的成功
词组
be
frustrated bywith： 因„„沮丧；因„„受挫
grain 【n.】
谷物；谷类；颗粒；细粒；粮食
inferior 【adj.】下等的；下级的；( 质量等 )
差的；次的
【n.】 境遇或成绩比其他人差的人
形近词
inferiority n. 自 卑；自卑感；劣等；下级
initiative 【adj.】 创始的；起始的
【n.】
积极的行动；倡议；主动权；主动性；积极性；进取心
形近词
initiate v.
引发；开始；创始；使初步了解
同义词
initial adj. 最初的
instrument 【n.】工具；仪器；机械；乐器
形近词
instrumentalist n. 乐器演奏家
mathematical
【adj.】数学的；精确的；( 具有 ) 数学 ( 头脑 ) 的
形近词
mathematics n. 数学；数学运算
mission 【n.】
使命；任务；使团；代表团
形近词
miss, commission,
emissions-free, admission, submission,
commissioner
形近词
miss v. 错过 ( 机会 )；漏掉；忽略
commission n. 委员会；佣金；犯 ( 罪 )；委任；委任状
v. 委任；使服役；委托制作
emissions-free： 零排放
admission n. 承认；入场费；准许进入；坦白
commissioner
n. 理事；委员；行政长官；总裁
Unit 24
C. 单词应用
exhaust [adj]筋疲力尽的
2012 年阅读 Text 4
They worked until exhausted, lived with few
protections and died young.
forecast [n] 预测
2013 年阅读 Text 3
As so often, the past
holds the key to the future: we have now
identified
enough of the long-term patterns
shaping the history of the planet, and
our
species, to make evidence-based forecasts about
the situations in
which ourdescendants will
find themselves.
nowhere [adv] 任何地方
2009
年阅读 Text 4
According to the standard history
of American philosophy, nowhere else
in
colonial America was “so much important attached
to intellectual
pursuits.”
preferable
[adj] 更可取的
2007 年翻译
While comment and
reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is
preferable for journalists to rely on their
own notions of significance
and make their own
judgments.
preference [n] 偏爱
2010 年阅读新题型
The first and more important
is the consumer’s growing preference for
eating out; the consumption of food and drink
in places other than homes
has risen from
about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to
35 percent
in 2000 and is expected to approach
38 percent by 2005.
reinforce [v] 加强
2009 年阅读新题型
Durkheim proposed that religious
beliefs functioned to reinforce
social
solidarity.
enforce [v] 强制执行 ( 法律、规定等 )
2013 年阅读 Text 4
In Arizona v. United
States, the majority overturned three of the four
contested provisions of Arizona’s
controversial plan to have state and
local
police enforce federal immigration law.
renew
[v] 更新
2013 年阅读 Text 1
These labels
encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes
as
disposable—meant to last only a wash or
two, although they don’t
advertise that—and to
renew their wardrobe every few weeks.
excessive [adj] 过多的
2014 年阅读 Text 2
There are many reasons for this. 0ne is the
excessive costs of a legal
education.
excellent [adj] 极好的
2013 年阅读 Text 3
Take a broader look at our
species’ place in the universe, and it becomes
clear that we have an excellent chance of
surviving for tens, if not
hundreds, of
thousands of years.
excellence [n] 优秀；卓越；杰出
2014 年阅读 Text 4
In 20l0, Leading
congressional Democrats and Republicans sent
letters to
the AAAS asking that it identify
actions that could be taken by “federal,
state
and local governments, universities, foundations,
educators,
individual benefactors and others”
to “maintain national excellence in
humanities
and social scientific scholarship and education.”
frightening [adj] 可怕的
2007 年阅读 Text 3
From the middle-class
family perspective, much of this, understandably,
looks far less like an opportunity to exercise
more financial
responsibility, and a good deal
more like a frightening acceleration of
the
wholesale shift of financial risk onto their
already overburdened
shoulders.
inferiority [n] 自卑感
2010 年翻译
This
seems a justification for neglect of those in
need, and a
rationalization of exploitation,
of the superiority of those at the top
and the
inferiority of those at the bottom.
initiative
[n] 积极的行动
2012 年阅读 Text 1
In South
Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as
LoveLife recruits
young people to promote safe
sex among their peers.
mathematical [adj] (
具有 ) 数学 ( 头脑 ) 的
2014 年翻译
Music means different things to different
people and sometimes even
different things to
the same person at different moments of his life.
It
might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or
mathematical, but in any case
it must, in my
view, have something to do with the soul of the
human being.
miss [v] 错过
2011 年阅读 Text 1
Devoted concertgoers who
reply that recordings are no substitute for live
performance are missing the point.
admission [n] 准许进入
2006
年阅读新题型
In March 1998, a friend of Williams’s
got him involuntarily confined to
a treatment
center for addictions, and wrote to inform the
casino of
Williams’s gambling problems. The
casino included a photo of Williams
among
those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a
“cease admissions”
letter.
commissioner
[n] 委员
2010 年阅读 Text 4
Charlie
McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB
that it did
“not live in a political vacuum”
but “in the real word” and that Europe
could
yet develop different rules.
Unit 25
A.
单词识记
poisonous 【adj.】有毒的；恶意的；毒恶的；会造成危害的
形近词
poisoning n. 中毒；放毒；下毒
同义词
toxic adj. 有毒的；中毒的
primitive 【adj.】
原始的；早期的；简单的；粗糙的
同义词
archaic adj. 古代的
original adj. 原始的
humble adj. 谦逊的；简陋的
形近词
blueprint v. 计划；制成蓝图
n.
蓝图；计划
print n. 印刷业；印花布；印刷字体；印章；印记
v.
印刷；打印；刊载；用印刷体写；在„„印花样；印刷；出版；用印刷体
写
形近词
printout n. 打印输出；打印出的资料；晒相
printer n.
打印机；印刷工
词组
in print： 已出版；仍可买到
rush
【v.】猛冲；快速前进；赶忙做；匆忙做；仓促地做
【n.】 仓促；急忙；热潮；高峰期
词组
gold rush： 淘金热
rush through：
快速通过；仓促完成
同义词
hustle v. 猛推；猛拉；猛挤；赶紧
switch 【v.】 转换；交换；对调；( 注意力 ) 转变
【n.】( 电路的 ) 开关、电闸、转换器
词组
switch on： 接通
switch off： 关闭；( 使 ) 没兴趣
temper 【v.】
调和；调节；使缓和；使温和
【n.】脾气；情绪；韧度；回火度
形近词
temperament n. 气质；性情；性格；( 脾气 ) 暴躁
tone
【n.】 音调；音色；色调；腔调；语气；( 肌肉等 ) 结实度
形近词
milestone n. 里程碑，里程标志；划时代的事件
flagstone
n. 石板
近义词
color n. 颜色；色彩
v. (用染料、
颜料等)给„„着色(或染色)
ultimate 【adj.】
根本的；最终的
【n.】终极；极限
形近词
ultimately
adv. 根本地；
eventually adv. 最终发生的；结果的
terminal adj. 末期的；晚期的
violent
【adj.】猛烈的；暴力的
形近词
turbulent adj.
骚乱的；混乱的
fierce adj. 凶猛的
wing 【n.】
翼，翅膀；派系，派别；侧厅；侧楼
近义词
party n. 党；党派
side n. 一方；一派
worthy 【adj.】
值得的；应该获得„„的；值得尊敬的；可敬的
形近词
noteworthy
adj. 值得注意的
词组
worth doing sth.： 值得做某事
deserve sth.： 值得
worthy of： 值得；配得上
alcohol 【n.】酒；酒精；乙醇
analogy 【n.】
相似；类比
形近词
analogous adj. 类似的；相似的
同义词
resemblance n. 相似；类似
similarity n.
类似；相像性
anticipate 【v.】 预期；预料；预定；预感；期望
形近词
anticipation n.预期；预料；期望；盼望
词组
anticipate sb. doing sth.： 预料某人会做某事
column
【n.】 ( 报刊中的 ) 专栏；圆柱；柱状物；列
commodity 【n.】
商品；物品
同义词
goods n. 商品；货物
merchandise
n. 商品
confer 【v.】 授予；赋予；商谈；商议
形近词
conference n. 会议；协商；讨论；联盟
词组
confer
sth. on sb.： 授予某人某物
confer with： 和„„商谈；交换意见
counsel 【v.】 劝告；忠告；建议
【n.】 法律顾问；劝告；忠告
形近词
counseling n. 咨询服务；辅导
近义词
attorney n. ( 美国的 ) 律师
cultivate 【v.】
培养；逐渐形成；耕种；种植
形近词
cultivation n. 耕种；培养；教养
近义词
foster v. 寄养；代养；促进；鼓励；培养
adj.
寄养的；代养的
grow v. 种植；生长；长大；变得
activate v.
使运作；使起作用；激活
deem 【v.】 认为，视为；相信
dentist
【n.】 牙医
deteriorate 【v.】 变坏，恶化
undermine 【v.】 破坏；损害
embrace 【v.】 拥抱；包括；抓住
( 机会等 )；欣然接受；信奉；
围住；环绕
【n.】拥抱；怀抱
同义词
hug v. 热烈地拥抱
evaluate【v.】
评估；评价
形近词
evaluation n. 估价；评价；评估
estimate v. 估计；预测
glimpse 【n.】 瞥见
【v.】 瞥见
词组
catchget a
glimpse of： 瞥见
Unit 25
C. 单词应用
poisonous [adj] 会造成危害的
2006 年阅读 Text 1
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this
common culture, which may not
be altogether
elevating but is hardly poisonous.
poisoning
[n] 中毒
2007 年阅读 Text 3
First of all,
most substances taken in excess will produce
negative
effects such as poisoning or intense
perceptual distortions.
print [v]打印
2008
年阅读新题型
Many writers prudently store their data
on disk and print their pages each
time they
finish a draft to avoid losing any material
because of power
failures or other problems.
print [n] 印刷业
2011 年阅读 Text 3
While
traditional “paid” media—such as television
commercials and print
advertisements—still
play a major role,companies today can exploit many
alternative forms of media.
printout [n]
打印出的资料
2008 年阅读新题型
These printouts are
also easier to read than the screen when you work
on
revisions.
printer [n] 打印机
2008
年阅读新题型
It’s worth remembering, however, that
though a clean copy fresh off a
printer, may
look terrific, it will read only as well as the
thinking and
writing that have gone into it.
in print 已出版；仍可买到
2010 年阅读 Text 1
Yet only one of his books is now in print,
and his vast body of
writings on music is
unknown save to specialists.
rush through [n]
快速通过
2010 年阅读 Text 4
After a bruising
encounter with Congress, America’s Financial
Accounting
Standards Board (FASB) rushed
through rule changes.
switch [v] (注意力)转变
2007 年阅读 Text 1
Ericsson grew up in
Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he
realized he would have more opportunity to
conduct his own research if
he switched to
psychology.
switch on 接通
2013 年阅读 Text
2
Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is
off it will stay off.
temper [v] 使缓和
2007 年完型
Egalitarian sentiments were often
tempered by fears that the mass of the
population was unprepared for self-rule and
democracy.
tone [n] (肌肉等)结实度
2011 年完型
In fact, instead of straining muscles to build
them, as exercise does,
laughter apparently
accomplishes the opposite; studies dating back to
the
1930’s indicate that laughter relaxes
muscles, decreasing muscle tone
for up to 45
minutes after the laugh dies down.
flagstone
[n] 石板
2006 年阅读 Text 2
They
all seem to look alike (though they come from all
over)—lean,
pointed, dedicated faces, wearing
jeans and sandals, eating their buns
and
bedding down for the night on the flagstones
outside the theatre to
buy the 20 seats and 80
standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and
sold to them when the box office opens at
10:30 a.m.
color [n] 颜色
2013 年阅读 Text 1
In the 2006 film version
of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played
by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive
assistant for imagining that high
fashion
doesn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep
blue color
of the assistant’s sweater
descended over the years from fashion shows
to
departments stores and to the bargain bin in which
the poor girl
doubtless found her garment.
ultimate [adj] 根本的；最终的
2009 年翻译
If
humanity has made some headway in realizing that
the ultimate value
of every institution is its
distinctively human effect, we may well
believe that this lesson has been learned
largely through dealings with
the young.
turbulent [adj] 混乱的
2011 年阅读 Text 2
A turbulent business environment also has
senior managers cautious of
letting vague
pronouncements cloud their reputations.
wing
[n] 侧厅；侧楼
2006 年阅读 Text 2
Nevertheless
every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing
or cocktail
lounge.
worthy [adj] 可敬的
2006 年阅读 Text 2
The worthy residents of
Stratford doubt that the theater adds a penny to
their revenue.
noteworthy [adj] 值得注意的
2007 年阅读 Text 1
If you were to examine the
birth certificates of every soccer player in
2006’s World Cup tournament you would most
likely find a noteworthy quirk:
elite soccer
players are more likely to have been born in the
earlier
months of the year than in the later
months.
deserve sth 值得
2014 年阅读 Text 4
“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released
report by the American
Academy of Arts and
Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the
importance of the humanities and social
sciences to the prosperity and
security of
liberal democracy in America.
alcohol [n] 酒
2006 年完型
Part of the problem is that many
homeless adults are addicted to alcohol
or
drugs.
analogous [adj] 类似的
2006 年翻译
His function is analogous to that of
a judge, who must accept the
obligation of
revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the
course of
reasoning which led him to his
decision.
anticipate [v] 预期；预料
2013 年阅读
Text 1
In the last decade or so, advances in
technology have allowed mass-market
labels
such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends
more quickly and
anticipate demand more
precisely.
column [n] (报刊中的)专栏
2007 年阅读
Text 2
For the past several years, the Sunday
newspaper supplement Parade has
featured a
column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to
query
Marilyn vos Savant.
commodity [n]
商品；物品
2011 年阅读 Text 2
It was a year
before she became head of a tiny Internet-based
commodities
exchange.
confer [v] 授予；赋予
2007 年阅读 Text 1
Certain astrological signs
confer superior soccer skills.
counseling [n]
咨询服务
2006 年阅读新题型
Every
entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for
counseling from the
Indiana Department of
Mental Health.
attorney [n] ( 美国的 ) 律师
2010 年阅读 Text 2
The judges on the Federal
circuit are “reacting to the anti-patent trend
at the supreme court”, says Harole C. Wegner,
a patent attorney and
professor at George
Washington University Law School.
cultivate
[v] 培养
2012 年完型
They gave justices
permanent positions so they would be free to upset
those
in power and have no need to cultivate
political support.
foster [v] 促进；培养
2009
年阅读 Text 1
That’s a lie that we have
perpetuated, and it fosters commonness.
grow
[v] 变得
2013 年阅读 Text 3
Now utopia has
grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper
appreciation of the range of threats facing
us, from asteroid strike to
epidemic flu and
to climate change.
activate [v] 激活
2009
年阅读 Text 1
Ryan most probably agrees that
curiosity activates creative minds.
deem[v]
认为，视为
2010 年阅读 Text 1
To read such books
today is to marvel at the fact that their learned
contents were once deemed suitable for
publication in general-circulation
dailies.
dentist [n] 牙医
2008 年阅读 Text 4
So he
hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his
jaw—having
extracted them from the mouths of
his slaves.
deteriorate [adj] 变坏的，恶化的
2006 年阅读 Text 1
But particularly when
viewed against America’s turbulent past,
today’
s social indices hardly suggest a dark
and deteriorating social
environment.
embrace [v] 欣然接受
2010 年阅读 Text 3
Marketers have embraced the two-step flow
because it suggests that if they
can just find
and influence the influentials, those selected
people will
do most of the work for them.
evaluate [v] 评估
2010 年阅读 Text 2
The
Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating
that the case would
be heard by all 12 of the
court’s judges, rather than a typical panel
of
three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is
whether it should
“reconsider” its state
street Bank ruling.
evaluation [n] 评估
2009 年阅读 Text 2
In addition, the computer
programs a company uses to estimate
relationships may be patented and not subject
to peer review or outside
evaluation.
glimpse [n] 瞥见
2015 年翻译
The
colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a
sight of dense woods.
Unit 26
A. 单词识记
plausible 【adj.】( 解释或说法 ) 似乎真实的；貌似合理的
literally 【adv.】 确实地；真正地；照字面意义；逐字地；简直
observation 【n.】 观察；观测；监视；评论；言论
outlook
【n.】 世界观；人生观；观点；见解；展望；前景
同义词
prospect n.
前景；希望；景象
physician 【n.】 医生；内科医生
近义词
surgeon n. 外科医生
retreat 【n.】
撤退；退却
【v.】 撤退；退却；放弃；从„„中隐退；离开
词组
retreat from： 从„„撤退；逃避„„
draw back： 退缩
yield to： 让步于
同义词
withdraw v. 撤走；拿走
slip 【n.】疏忽；小错；口误；笔误
【v.】 滑，滑倒；溜走
词组
pink slip： 解雇通知
同义词
glide v. 滑行；滑翔
近义词
evade v.
规避；逃避；回避，避开(问
题、话题等 )；躲避；避开
stable 【n.】
马厩，马棚
【adj.】 稳定的；稳固的；稳重的
substitute 【n.】 代用品；代替品
【v.】
代替，替换
词组
substitute „ for „ ： 以„„代替„„
tide 【n.】 潮流；趋势；潮汐
via 【prep.】 经由，通过
adolescent 【n.】 青少年
【adj.】
青春期的；青少年的
anonymous 【adj.】 匿名的；无名的；无特色的
authentic 【adj.】 真正的；真实的；可靠的
chop
【v.】 砍；剁；劈；切
【n.】 排骨；肉块
词组
disposable chopsticks： 一次性筷子
近义词
bang v. 猛击；猛撞
bash v. 痛击；猛击
compel 【v.】 强迫；迫使
形近词
compelling
adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的
近义词
oblige v. (形势、
规定或法律)强迫；
迫使；施恩惠于
expel v. 驱逐
impel
v. 推动
词组
be compelled to： 被迫
concession 【n.】 迁就，让步
词组
concede sth.
to sb.： 让某人做某事
make a concessionsome
concessions to： 对„„做出让步
crack 【v.】 破裂；砸开；( 使 )
发出爆裂声
【n.】裂缝；裂纹；缝隙；破裂声，爆裂声
形近词
cracked adj. 破裂的；声音嘶哑的；精神失常的
词组
get
cracking： 尽快开始；迅速开始行动
近义词
gape v. (
洞、伤口等 ) 张开，裂开；目瞪口呆地凝视；张口结舌地看
collapse v.
倒塌；塌下；( 体系或机构 ) 崩溃；瓦解；突然失败
float 【v.】
浮动，漂浮
【n.】 浮动，漂浮
fond 【adj.】
喜爱的，爱好的
形近词
fondness n. 喜欢；钟爱
词组
be fond of： 喜爱；爱好
ideology 【n.】 思想意识；意识形态
同义词
doctrine n. 信条；主义；学说
philosophy
n. 哲学；哲学思想；生活信条
imitation 【n.】 模仿；仿效；仿制；仿制品
形近词
imitate v. 模仿
同义词
simulation
n. 模仿；模拟
miserable 【adj.】痛苦的；悲惨的
近义词
deplorable adj. 糟透的；可悲的
parcel
【n.】 包裹；邮包
【v.】 打包，捆扎
词组
part and parcel： 必要的部分
perplex 【v.】
使困惑；使费解
形近词
perplexed adj.
困惑的；糊涂的
同义词
bewilder v. 使迷惑
puzzle v. 使迷惑
confuse v. 使困惑
preach 【v.】 宣讲 ( 教义 )；布道；竭力鼓吹；宣传；讲道；说教
形近词
interprovincial adj. 省与省之间的；省际的
近义词
admonish v. 责备；告诫
symbol 【n.】
符号；标志，象征
同义词
sign n. 标志；符号；记号
synthetic 【adj.】合成的，人造的
articulately
【adv.】表达清晰地
aspire【v.】有志于；热望；向往
词组
aspire to： 渴望，立志
betray 【v.】
背叛，出卖；暴露；流露；泄露；违背，背弃 ( 理想或
原则 )
cement
【v.】 巩固；加强
【n.】 水泥
形近词
displacement n. 取代；代替；排水量；迫使迁徒
replacement
n. 取代；代替；更换，置换
pronouncement n. 声明；公告
comfort 【n.】 舒适，安逸
【v.】 使舒适，安慰
形近词
discomfort n. 不适；不舒服
v. 使„„不舒服；使„„
不安
scatter 【v.】 ( 使 )
散开；( 使 ) 分散；( 使 ) 散布在各处
形近词
scattered
adj. 散乱的；散布的；遍布的，到处都是的
同义词
disperse
v. ( 使 ) 分散
近义词
distribute v. 分配；散布
deduce 【v.】 演绎；推断；推论
形近词
deductible
adj. 可扣除的
n. 免赔额
dumb
【adj.】哑的，无说话能力的；愚蠢的
eligible 【adj.】
有资格的；符合条件的；有能力的
fossil 【n.】 化石；老顽固，思想僵化的人
Unit 26
C. 单词应用
plausible
[adj]似乎真实的；貌似合理的
2010 年完型
The supposed
importance of influentials derives from a
plausible sounding
but largely untested theory
called the “two step flow of communication”:
Information flows from the media to the
influentials and from them to
everyone else.
observation [n] 观察
2008 年翻译
He
believes that this very difficulty may have had
the compensating
advantage of forcing him to
think long and intently about every sentence,
and thus enabling him to detect errors in
reasoning and in his own
observations.
retreat [n] 撤退；退却
2010 年阅读 Text 1
Moreover, the amateur tradition in music
criticism has been in headlong
retreat.
substitute [n] 代替品
2011
年阅读 Text 1
Devoted concertgoers who reply that
recordings are no substitute for live
perfor-
mance are missing the point.
via [prep]
经由，通过
2012 年阅读 Text 1
An emerging body
of research shows that positive health
habits—
as well as negative ones—spread through
networks of friends via
social communication.
adolescent [n] 青少年
2008 年阅读 Text 3
But as diet and health
improved, children and adolescents have, on
average, increased in height by about an inch
and a half every 20 years,
a pattern known as
the secular trend in height.
anonymous [adj]
匿名的
2006 年阅读新题型
The anonymous, lonely,
undistracted nature of online gambling is
especially conductive to compulsive behavior.
But even if the government
knew how to move
against Internet gambling, what would be its
grounds for
doing so?
authentic [adj] 真实的
2007 年阅读 Part B
Kids need a range of
authentic role models—as opposed to members of
their
clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes.
collapse [v] 倒塌；塌下
2012 年阅读 Text 2
A
string of accidents, including the partial
collapse of a cooling tower
in 2007 and the
discovery of` an underground pipe system leakage,
raised
serious questions about both Vermont
Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s
management,
especially after the company made misleading
statements about
the pipe.
fondness [n]
喜欢
2007 年阅读 Text 2
What’s the difference
between love and fondness? Or what is the nature
of luck and coincidence?
imitate [v] 模仿
2012 年阅读 Text 1
This is a subtle form of`
peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the
behavior we see every day.
miserable
[adj] 痛苦的
2011 年阅读 Text 4
Rather than
concluding that children make parents either happy
or
miserable, Senior suggests we need to
redefine happiness: instead of
thinking of it
as something that can be measured by moment-to-
moment joy,
we should consider being happy as
a past-tense condition.
cement [v] 巩固；加强
2014 年阅读 Text 3
They could cement the
status quo of peer- reviewed research.
scattered [adj]遍布的，到处都是的
2014 年阅读 Text 3
The goals of the prize-givers seem as
scattered as the criticism.
deduce [v] 推断
2007 年阅读 Text 2
IQ tests ask you to
complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision
paper
after it has been folded and cut, and to
deduce numerical sequences, among
other
similar tasks.
dumb [adj] 愚蠢的
2011 年阅读
Text 4
It’s hard to imagine that many people
are dumb enough to want children
just because
Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most
adults
understand that a baby is not a
haircut.
eligible [adj] 有资格的
2014 年阅读
Text 1
Only if the jobless arrive at the job
centre with a CV, register for online
job
search, and start looking for work will they be
eligible for benefit
and then they should
report weekly rather than fortnightly.
Unit
27
A. 单词识记
logical 【adj.】 逻辑的，符合逻辑的；逻辑上必然的
形近词
psychological, technological,
geological, biological,
pathological,astrological, theological,
ecologically, chronological
形近词
psychological adj. 心理 ( 学 )
technological adj. 技术的；工艺的
geological
adj. 地质 ( 学 ) 的
biological adj. 生物 ( 学 ) 的
pathological adj. 病理学的；病态
astrological
adj. 占星的
theological adj. 神学的
ecologically adv. 生态学地
chronological
adj. 按年代顺序排列的
definite 【adj.】 明确的；肯定的；限定
形近词
definitely adv. 明确地；肯定地；当然
definition n. 定义；清晰度；精确度
indefinite adj.
模糊的；无限的；不确定的
indefinitely adv.
不定地；无定限地；无限期地；不明确地，模糊地
近义词
distinct adj.
明显的；清楚的
specific adj. 明确的；具体的；特定的
qualify
【v.】 ( 使 ) 具有资格，胜任；证明合格；限制；限定；修饰
词组
be
qualified for： 有„„的资格；适于担当
同义词
modify v.
修改；变更；改进
bunch 【n.】 束；群；团
【v.】 成群；成团
词组
a bunch of： 一串：一帮：一群
prolong 【v.】 延长；拉长；拖延；拖长 ( 音节等的 ) 发音
virtue
【n.】 美德；德行；贞操；优点；长处
形近词
virtual adj.
虚拟的；有效的；实质上的，事实上的
virtually adv. 实际上；几乎；实质上
virtuosity n. 精湛技艺；艺术鉴赏力；艺术爱好者
近义词
morality n. 道德；道德准则
merit n. 功德；功绩；功勋
participate 【v.】 参与；参加；分享；分担
形近词
participation n. 参加；参与；分享 participatory adj.
供人分享的
词组
participate in： 参加
reduction 【n.】 减少；降低；缩小
形近词
reduce v.
减少
defend 【v.】 防守，保卫；为„„辩护；为„„答辩；维护
形近词
defender n. 防卫者； 守卫者；辩护者；拥护者；卫冕者
defendant n. 被告
precise 【adj.】
精确的；清晰的
形近词
precisely adv.
精确地，准确地；正好；恰恰；确实地 ( 表示强调 )
precision n.
精确；精密
同义词
accurate adj. 精确的；准确的
remark 【n.】 评语；议论；意见
【v.】 评论；谈论
形近词
remarkable adj. 不同寻常的；非凡的；值得注意的
parliament 【n.】国会；议会
形近词
parliamentary adj.
议会的；国会的；合乎议会法规的；议会制定的；
议会政体的
词组
the
House of Lords (of Britain)the Upper House：上议院
the Lower Housethe Lower Chamber：下议院
同义词
congress n. 国会；代表大会
committee
【n.】 委员会；全体委员
形近词
commit v. 犯 ( 罪
)；做 ( 错事 )；把„„托付给；保证
commitment n.
承诺；保证；信奉；忠诚；承担义务；委托；献身
community n. (
同住一地的人所构成的 ) 社区；群体；团体
词组
commit
oneself to： 致力于
be committed to： 把„„送交；托付给„„
faulty 【adj.】 有缺点的；有错误的；不完美的
形近词
fault n. 错误；缺点
词组
at fault：
有过错；有责任
同义词
flaw n. 瑕疵；缺点
lapse
n. 小错；疏忽
defect n. 瑕疵；毛病
drawback n. 缺点；劣势
shortcoming n. 短处；缺点
craftsman 【n.】工匠；手艺人；工艺师
credential
【n.】 资历；资格；资格证书；资质证明；( 计算机用户的 ) 身
份验证信息
rational 【adj.】 理性的；理智的
形近词
operational adj. ( 机器、设备等 ) 正常运转的，可使用的；运行中的
licence 【v.】 准许；认可
【n.】 许可证；执照
同义词
sanction v. 批准；制裁；处罚
consent v. 准许；赞同
近义词
certify v. （尤指书面）证 明；给„„颁发证书
approve v. 赞成；同意
occasionally 【adv.】
偶然地；偶尔，间或
同义词
casually adv. 偶然地；无意地
accidentally adv. 偶然地；意外地
infrequently
adv. 稀少地；珍贵地
randomly adv. 随便地；随机地；未加计划地
substance 【n.】 物质；实质；主旨；财产，财物
形近词
substantial ，substantially ，substantiate
形近词
substantial adj.
坚固的；结实的；大量的；相当程度的；重大的
substantially adv.
本质上；实质上；大体上；相当多地；大大地
substantiate v. 用事实支持 (
某主张、说法等 )；证明，证实
近义词
essence n.
实质，本质；精髓；精油；香精
accelerate 【v.】
加快；促进
形近词
accelerating n. 加速
adj. 加速的；促进的
accelerated adj. 加快的；加速的
同义词
escalate v. 使逐步升级
distract 【v. 】分散 (
注意力等 )；( 使 ) 分心；迷惑；娱乐，消遣
形近词
undistracted
adj. 未分心的；注意力集中的
extract v.
提取；提炼；挖掘；取出；抽出；攫取；榨取；设法得到
n.
摘录；选段；引文；提取物；精华；汁
extravagant adj.
奢侈的；浪费的；昂贵的；极端的；过分的
entertainment 【n.】
娱乐活动；娱乐节目
形近词
entertainer n. ( 娱乐节目 )
表演者；艺人
entertaining adj. 令人愉快的；有趣的
fatal 【adj.】 致命的；毁灭性的；重大的；命中注定的
形近词
cast v. 使产生怀疑；使不确信；抛下；投射 ( 光线或阴影 )
forecaster n. 预报员；预测者
foremost adj.
第一流的；最重要的
词组
be doomed to = be bound
to= be destined to： 注定
同义词
predict v.
预言；预测
prophet n. 预言家；先知
glow
【v.】 发热；发光；发红
【n.】 光亮；光辉
形近词
glowing adj. 灼热的；热情洋溢的；鲜艳的；光辉的
同义词
radiate v. 辐射；发射
beam v. 发出光与热
glitter v. 闪烁；闪耀
incident 【n.】 事件；事变
形近词
incidence n. ( 疾 病 等的 )
发生；发生率Incidental adj. 附属的；
易发生的；偶然发生的
n. 附带事件
近义词
episode n.
插曲；事件；时期；(广播剧或电视剧的 ) 一集；( 杂志
连载故事的 ) 一节
plain 【adj.】 明显的；明白的；清楚的；平易的；朴素的；平常的；
坦率的；平凡的
【n.】 平原；旷野
形近词
plateau
n. 高原；( 活动或进程中的 ) 稳定阶段；停滞时期
同义词
ordinary adj. 普通的；平常的
quantity 【n.】
量；数量；大量
形近词
quantitative adj.
定量的；量的；数量的
Unit 27
C. 单词应用
technological [adj] 技术的
2011 年阅读 Text 3
The same dramatic technological changes that
have provided marketers with
more (and more
diverse) communications choices have also
increased the
risk that passionate consumers
will voice their opinions in quicker, more
visible, and much more damaging ways.
astrological [adj] 占星的
2007 年阅读 Text 1
Here are a few guesses (a) certain
astrological signs confer superior
soccer
skills.
definitely [adv]肯定地； 当然
2010
年阅读新题型
Will such variations bring about a
change in the overall structure of the
food
and drink market? Definitely not.
indefinite
[adj] 无限的
2009 年完型
Is there an adaptive
value to limited intelligence?
modify [v]
变更；改进
2014 年完型
Most importantly, it
constantly modifies and enhances the games you
play
to build on the strengths you are
developing—much like a(n) effective
exercise
routine requires you to increase resistance and
vary your muscle
use.
reduce [v] 减少
2014 年阅读 Text 1
In order to “change lives
for the better”and reduce “dependency,” George
Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer,
introduced the “upfront work
search” scheme.
precisely [adv] 精确地；准确地
2008 年阅读新题型
It’s probably best to write the introduction
last, after you know
precisely what you are
introducing.
remarkable [adj] 不同寻常的
2013
年阅读 Text 4
Every Justice rightly rejected this
remarkable claim.
commitment [n] 承诺
2012
年阅读 Text 2
The company, a major energy
supplier in New England, provoked justified
outrage in Vermont last week when it announced
it was reneging on a
longstanding commitment
to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.
devoted [adj] 忠诚的
2011 年阅读 Text 1
Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings
are no substitute for live
performance are
missing the point.
randomly [adv] 随机地；未加计划地
2013 年完型
In theory, the success of an
applicant should not depend on the few others
chosen randomly for interview during the same
day, but Dr. Simonsohn
suspected the truth was
otherwise.
substantially [adv]相当多地；大大地
2009 年阅读 Text 3
A lack of formal
education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability
of
the developing world’s workforce to
substantially improve productivity
for the
foreseeable future.
undistracted [adj] 注意力集中的
2006 年阅读新题型
The anonymous, lonely,
undistracted nature of online gambling is
especially conductive to compulsive behavior.
But even if the government
knew how to move
against Internet gambling, what would be its
grounds for
doing so?
extract [v] 取出
2008 年阅读 Text 4
So he hired a
dentist to transplant nine teeth into his
jaw—having
extracted them from the mouths of
his slaves.
foremost [adj]第一流的
2010年阅读Text 1
During his lifetime, though,
he was also one of England’s foremost
classical-music critics, a stylist so widely
admired that his
Autobiography (1947) became a
best-seller.
incidental [adj] 偶然发生的
2009
年翻译
In the former case the education is
incidental; it is natural and
important, but
it is not the express reason of the association.
episode [n] 插曲；事件
2009 年阅读 Text 4
The New England colonies were the scenes of
important episodes in
the pursuit of widely
understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.
Unit 29
A. 单词识记
eyebrow 【n. 】眉毛
eyelash (lash out at „)
false eyelash
eye black mascara cream
eyeglash curler
lash curler
harbor 【v.】隐匿；窝藏；包庇
【n. 】 港口；海港；避难所；藏身处
词组
Pearl Harbor：
珍珠港
同义词
shelter v. 掩蔽；庇护
shield
v. 保护；掩护
molecule【n.】 分子
offspring 【n.】
子女；孩子；后代；结果，产物
同义词
posterity n. 后代，后世；后裔
近义词
heir n. 继承人
descendant n.
后代；后裔；子孙；接替的人或事物
orbit 【v.】使绕轨道运行
【n.】 轨道
形近词
orbital
adj. 轨道的；眼窝的
portion 【n. 】部分；( 饭菜的 ) 一份，一客
形近词
ratio n. 比；比率；比例；系数
protein n.
[化]朊；蛋白(质)
proportion n. 比例；部分；均衡
resent
【v. 】 对„„表示愤恨；怨恨；厌恶
形近词
resentment n.
愤慨；怨恨
词组
repent of： 后悔
sake 【n.】
因为„„的缘故；为了
形近词
forsake v. 放弃；抛弃；遗弃
词组
for the sake of： 为了„„起见；看在„„的份上
shrink 【v. 】( 使 ) 缩小；( 使 ) 收缩；退缩；畏缩
形近词
shrinkage n. 减少
sketch
【n.】梗概；大意；略图；素描
【v. 】
概述；勾画；素描；简略地描绘
petrol 【n. 】汽油
形近词
patrol n. 巡逻队；巡逻车队
v.
巡逻；巡查
JAY-Z 99 Problems
If you
have girl problems I feel bad for you son
I’ve got 99 problems, but a bitch ain't one, hit
me.
I’ve got the Rap Patrol on the gat
patrol
Foes that wanna make sure my casket's
closed
superficial 【adj. 】表面的；肤浅的，浅薄的
同义词
shallow adj. 浅的；肤浅的
therapy
【n.】治疗；治疗方案，治疗方法
形近词
therapist n.
临床医学家；治疗专家
词组
music therapy： 音乐疗法
affiliate 【v. 】使隶属于
【n. 】 附属机构；分公司
形近词
affiliation n.
加入；联盟；友好关系；从属关系；附属机构
词组
be
affiliatedattached to： ( 使 )相关
agitate
【v.】鼓动；使焦虑；使狂躁不安；搅动；搅拌
形近词
agitated
adj. 不安的；焦虑的
近义词
irritate v. 刺激；使兴奋
annoy v. 打扰
alphabet 【n.】字母表
形近词
alphabetically adv. 按字母顺序排列地
近义词
vocabulary n. 词汇；词汇量
amend 【v. 】修改；修正
形近词
amendment n. 改正；改良；( 法令或法规的 )
修正条款，修正案
bold 【adj.】大胆的；勇敢的；冒昧的；黑体的；粗体的
approximate 【v.】 接近；估计
【adj.】 近似的
形近词
approximately adv.
大概；近乎
词组
more or less： 差不多
近义词
approach v. 接近；走近
arbitrary
【adj.】 任意的；专断的
bureaucracy 【n.】 ( 公司的 )
管理人员；官僚，官僚主义；官僚机构
同义词
bureaucrat n.
官僚；官僚主义者
brake 【n.】 制动 ( 器 )；闸；刹车
【v.】 刹车
circulate 【v.】 ( 使 ) 循环；( 使 )
流通；传播
形近词
circulation n. 流通；传播；循环；发行量
catholic 【n.】 天主教徒
【adj.】天主教的
dreadful 【adj.】 极严重的；糟糕透顶的；可怕的
形近词
fearful adj.
恐惧的；害怕的；可怕的；严重的；极坏的
近义词
nasty adj.
邋遢的；下流的；令人厌恶的；恶劣的；恶毒的；( 伤口、
疾病等 ) 严重的
n. 令人不快的人 ( 或事 )
appalling adj. 骇人听闻的
scary adj. 使人惊慌的
contradictory
【adj.】反对的；矛盾的
形近词
self-contradictory
adj. 自相矛盾的
同义词
paradoxical adj.
矛盾的
digest【v.】 吸收；领悟；消化 (食物 )
【n.】摘要
形近词
digestive
adj. 消化的；助消化的
drought 【n.】旱灾；干旱
近义词
famine n. 饥荒
earnest
【adj.】热心的；诚挚的；认真的
形近词
earnestness n.
认真；一本正经；诚挚；热切
词组
in earnest： 认真地；诚挚地
词组
in earnest： 认真地；诚挚地
近义词
scrupulous adj. 严谨的
diligent adj.
勤奋的；勤勉的；孜孜不倦的；细致彻底的
flavor 【v.】
给„„调味
【n.】风味；情趣
近义词
aroma n. 芳香，香味
atmosphere n. 情调；魅力
frontier 【n.】 国境；边境；边陲；西部边疆；边远地区；尖端；新领
域
形近词
confront v. ( 问题、任务或困难 )
降临；使面临；与„„对峙；与„„
对抗；碰到，遇到
Unit 29
C.
单词应用
descendant [n] 后代
2013 年阅读 Text 3
As so often, the past holds the key to the
future: we have now identified
enough of the
long-term patterns shaping the history of the
planet, and
our species, to make evidence-
based forecasts about the situations in
which
our descendants will find themselves.
protein
[n] 蛋白 ( 质 )
2008 年阅读 Text 3
Growth,
which rarely continues beyond the age of 20,
demands calories and
nutrients —notably,
protein—to feed expanding tissues.
proportion
[n] 比例
2006 年阅读 Text 3
Today’s vessels
can find their prey using satellites and sonar,
which
were not available 50 years ago. That
means a higher proportion of what
is in the
sea is being caught, so the real difference
between present and
past is likely to be worse
than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.
patrol [v] 巡查
2012 年阅读 Text 4
Mark
Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of
California points out
that much of the state’s
budget is patrolled by unions.
affiliation
[n.]附属机构
2008 年阅读 Text 2
A journal
editor would then remove the authors’ names and
affiliations
from the paper and send it to
their peers for review.
approximately [adv]
大概
2006 年阅读 Text 4
Still, Jefferson
freed Hemings’s children— though not Hemings
herself
or his approximately 150 other slaves.
Washington, who had begun to
believe that all
men were created equal after observing the bravery
of
the black soldiers during the Revolutionary
War, overcame the strong
opposition of his
relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his
will.
bureaucrat [n] 官僚
2012 年阅读
Text 1
Far less certain, however, is how
success-fully experts and
bureaucrats can
select our peer groups and steer their activities
in virtuous directions.
circulation [n]
发行量
2010 年阅读 Text 1
To read such books
today is to marvel at the circulate fact that
their
learned contents were once deemed
suitable for publication in general
circulation dailies.
fearful [adj] 害怕的
2013 年完型
For example, he theorized that a
judge fearful of appearing too soft on
crime
might be more likely to send someone to prison if
he had already
sentenced five or six other
defendants only to forced community service
that day.
nasty [adj] ( 伤口、疾病等 ) 严重的
2008 年完型
They also suffer more often than
most people from a number of nasty genetic
diseases, such as breast cancer.
earnestness [n] 热切
2009 年阅读 Text 4
These men wrote and published extensively,
reaching both New World and
Old World
audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of
intellectual
earnestness.
diligent [adj]
勤奋的
2010 年完型
Workers tended to be
diligent for the first few days of the week in any
case, before hitting a plateau and then
slackening off.
confront [v] 碰到，遇到
2009
年阅读 Text 4
Meanwhile, many settlers had
slighter religious commitments than Dane’
s, as
one clergyman learned in confronting folk along
the coast who mocked
that they had not come to
the New World for religion. “Our main end was
to catch fish.
Unit 30
A. 单词识记
fume 【v.】 发怒；生气；冒烟
【n.】 烟；气体；烦恼
同义词
inflame v. ( 使 ) 发怒；( 使 ) 发炎
hospitality 【n.】殷勤好客；热情友好
词组
be
hostile to： 对„„有敌意
反义词
hostility n.
敌意；敌对状态
hemisphere【n.】 半球
incompetent
【adj.】 不合格的；不胜任的
形近词：competently,
incompetently, competent
近义词
surgeon n. 外科医生形近词
competently adv. 胜任地；称职地；有„„能力地
incompetently adv. 不称职地；不胜任地
competent
adj. 胜任的；有能力的；能干的；足够的
词组
incompetent
to do sth.： 不能做某事
hydrogen 【n.】氢
ingredient 【n.】组成部分，成分；要素；因素
同义词
factor n. 因素；要素；系数
element n. [ 化 ] 元素
component n. 成分；零件
inject 【v.】注射；注入
( 某种特性 )
形近词
injection n.
注射；注射剂；充血；射入轨道
词组
inject into： 注入；增添
近义词
inset v. 嵌入；插入
install
v. 安装；安置
lest 【conj. 】唯恐；免得，以免
junction 【n.】 交叉点；接合处；枢纽站；连接；接合
形近词
disjunction n. 分离；折断；脱节
conjunction n.
( 事件的 ) 同时发生；同地发生
同义词
connection
n. 连接；联系；连接点
joint adj. 共同的；联合的
n. [ 解 ] 关节；接合处
lung 【n.】 肺
词组
at the top of (one’s) lungs： 尽可能响亮地
microscope 【n.】显微镜
mold 【v.】塑造；形成；浇铸；造型
【n.】模子；铸型
形近词
remold v. 改铸；改造
词组
mold . into
.：使„„发展为„„；把„„塑造成„„
nerve 【n.】神经；勇气；胆量；[ 医
] 神经紧张
形近词
nervous adj. 神 经 系
统的；神经过敏的；紧张不安的
nonsense 【n.】胡说；废话
pioneer 【n.】先驱；倡导者；开拓者
同义词
forerunner
n. 先驱
predecessor n. 前任；前辈
practitioner
【n.】 开业者 ( 医生、律师等 )；从业者
refreshment
【n.】点心；饮料；精力恢复；爽快
形近词
refreshing adj.
耳目一新的，新颖的；使人精神焕发的；使恢复精神的
respectively 【adv.】
分别地，各自地
同义词
individually adv. 分别地
slogan 【n.】标语；口号
近义词
motto n.
座右铭
proverb n. 谚语；格言
stumble 【v.
】偶然发现；跌；绊；结结巴巴地说话
【n.】跌；绊
词组
stumble across： 偶然发现
stumble upon： 偶然发现
同义词
tumble v. 跌倒
symposium
【n.】研讨会；专题讨论会；专题论文集
vigorous 【adj.】
有力的；朝气蓬勃的，精神旺盛的；语言犀利的
形近词
vigorously
adv. 精神旺盛地；有力地
近义词
robust adj. 精力充沛的；(
观点等 ) 坚定的；坚决的
virus【n.】 病毒；( 精神、道德方面的 ) 有害影响
abreast 【adv.】 并肩地，并排地；了解；跟上 ( 最新情况 )
形近词
breadth n. 宽度；广度；广泛性
词组
abreast of： 与„„并列；与„„并排
keep abreast
of： 跟上，保持并列
bellyful 【n.】 过量；满腹
weary
【adj.】疲倦的；疲劳的；令人厌烦的
【v.】
使疲倦；使厌倦
同义词
exhausted adj. 耗尽的
divorce 【v.】与„„离婚；分离
【n.】离婚；分离
y【n.】伤亡人员；受害人
形近词
incapable
adj. 无能力的；不能的，不会的
capacity n. 容量；能力
cape 【n.】 披肩；斗篷；海角
形近词
escape v.n.
逃跑；逃离；逃脱；躲过
scapegoat n. 替罪羊；代人受罪的人
assault 【v.】袭击，攻击
【n.】 袭击，攻击
词组
assault on sb.： 攻击某人
bearing
【n.】关系；举止，风度；生育，生育期；[ 常 pl.] 方位；
方向感；轴承
词组
have some bearing on： 和„„有关
sfer【n.】 转让；转移；传递
【v.】传播；移交；( 使
) 调动；( 使 ) 换岗；( 使 ) 转
移；( 使 ) 迁移形近词
transferable adj. 可转移的；可转让的
comedy【n. 】喜剧 (
片 )；喜剧表演
反义词
tragedy n. 悲剧，惨剧
zigzag 【v.】 曲折前进
【n.】之字形；锯齿形线条
【adj. 】之字形的；Z 字形的
relieve
【v.】减轻；使 ( 从„„中 ) 解脱出来；减少；换班；换
岗
形近词
relief n. 缓解；减轻；解脱；安慰；欣慰
同义词
alleviate v. 减轻；缓和
近义词
palliate
v. 减轻
humble 【v.】使谦逊；使感到卑微
【adj.】低下的，卑贱的；简陋的；不起眼的；谦卑的，
谦逊的
stereotype【n.】 模式化的形象 ( 或特征 )；固定模式；刻板印
【v.】使模式化；使定型
Bible 【n.】《圣经》
Unit 30
C. 单词应用
hostility [n] 敌意
2014 年阅读
Text 2
All around the world, lawyers generate
more hostility than the members
of any other
profession—with the possible exception of
journalism.
competent [adj] 胜任的
2007
年翻译
In fact, it is difficult to see how
journalists who do not have a clear
preps of
the basic ingredient features of the Canadian
Constitution can
do a competent job on
political stories.
factor [n] 因素
2007
年阅读 Text 1
Talent is a dominating factor for
professional success.
conjunction [n] ( 事件的
) 同时发生
2013 年完型
The scores were then used
in conjunction with an applicant’s score on
the Graduate Management Admission Test, or
GMAT, a Standardization exam
which is marked
out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether
to accept
him or her.
nervous [adj] 紧张不安的
2011 年阅读 Text 2
In the third quarter, CEO
turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous
boards stuck with the leaders they had,
according to Liberum Research.
vigorously
[adv] 有力地
2012 年阅读 Text 4
Reform has
been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously
in
education, where charter schools, academies
and merit pay all faced
drawn-out battles.
breadth [n] 宽度
2014 年阅读 Text 4
Yet its report may well set back reform by
obscuring the depth and
breadth of the
challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.
capacity [n] 能力
2009 年阅读 Text 1
At
puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of
that capacity,
preserving only those modes of
thought that have seemed most valuable
during
the first decade or so of life.
escape [v] 逃脱
2012 年阅读 Text 3
We aim to be objective,
but we cannot escape the context of our unique
life experience.
transferable [adj] 可转让的
2011 年阅读新题型
But the key idea behind
professionalization, argues Mr Menand, is that
“the knowledge and skills needed for a
particular specialization are
transmissible
but not transferable.”
alleviate [v] 减轻；缓和
2011 年阅读 Text 3
Toyota Motor, for example,
alleviated some of the damage from its recall
crisis earlier this year with a relatively
quick and well-orchestrated
social-media
response campaign, which included efforts to
engage with
consumers directly on sites such
as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.
Bible [n] 《圣经》
2009 年阅读 Text 4
One
wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons
explaining the Bible
that he heard in puritan
churches.