翻译的八大常用技巧
温州大学教务系统-达州考试网
1. 重译法 ： 为了明确、为了强调、为了生动
2. 增译法
： 为了更忠实于原文的意思，而又更合乎译文的表达习惯
3. 减译法 ：
源语言与目标语言互换的时候增译法就成了减译法
4. 词类转移法
：语言之间表达习惯的差异迫使译文中词类发生改变，词序有时也随之变化
5. 词序调整法
：语言之间构成形式并非完全相同，做必不可少的词序改变
6. 分译法 ：
主要用于长句的翻译，有时存在于词语语义的分译
7. 正反翻译法 ：由于语言的习惯差异---
正话反说，反话正说
8. 语态变换法 ：主要指英汉两种语言间的主动与被动语态的转换
重译法（repetition） ：
In the event
of one of the contracting parties being attacked
by Japan or any other
state allied with
it
and thus being involved in a state of
war, the other contracting
party will
immediate render military and other assistance
with all means at its
disposal.
一旦缔约国的一方受到
日本或者与
日本
同盟的任何国家之侵袭，因而处于战争状态时，缔约
国的另一方即尽全
力给与军事及其他援助。
We have to analyze and solve
problems.
我们要分析问题，解决问题。
A large
family has its difficulties.
大（家庭）有大（家庭）的难处。
Our old clothes and few sticks of
furniture have been pawned or sold.
这几件旧衣服和这些旧家具，当的当了，卖的卖了。
Lightly
floats and drifts the boat, and gently flows and
flaps my gown.
舟遥遥以轻扬，风飘飘而吹衣。
Ridges of fields grow few and far between,
While far away some cottages are seen.
梯田渐渐稀，村舍遥遥对。
寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候，最将难息。
Seek, seek;
search, search;
Cold, cold; bare, bare;
Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief.
Now
warm, then like the autumn cold again,
How
hard to calm the heart!
增译法
(amplification)
Reading makes a full man;
conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
Their host
carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked,
laughed, proposed health.
他们的主人家，又是割啊，又是倒啊，又是上
菜啊，又是切面包啊，又是扯谈啊，又是嬉笑
啊，又是敬酒啊，没得歇停。
三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their
wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.
只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。
The magistrates are
free to burn down houses,
while
the common
people are forbidden
even to light lamps.
交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。这样才能把工作做好。
Before handling in your translation, you have
to read it over and over again and
see if
there is anything in it to be corrected or
improved. Only thus can you do
your work well.
I am looking forward to the holidays.
我在等待假日
的到来
。
减译法（omission）
A book is useful.
书（是）有用（的）。
These developing countries cover vast
territories, encompass a large population and
abound in natural resources.
这些发展中国家地大物博，人口众多。
要推迟战争的爆发，就要反对那样的绥靖政
策，不管是军事的、政治的、经济的绥靖，都要
反对。
To delay the
outbreak of war, it is necessary to oppose the
policy of appeasement
like that, militarily,
politically and economically.
If you give
him an inch, he will take a mile.
他会得寸进尺。
质子带阳电，电子带阴电，而中子既不带阳电，也不带阴电。
A proton has a
positive charge and an electron has a negative
charge, but a neutron
has neither.
词类转移法 (conversion)
The
volume of trade has increased tremendously to the
advantage of both countries.
贸易的剧增给两国带来了益处。(
V+ adv adj + n )
What kind of sailor
are you?
你晕不晕船？ （be a good bad sailor） (
adj+n v)
Our age is witnessing a
profound political change.
我们的时代是深刻的政治变革的见证。 (
V N )
一定要少说空话，多做工作。
There must be
less empty talk and more hard work. (
adv+VO adj + S )
It is impossible to
live in society and be independent of society.
生于社会，不能脱离社会。 ( AdjV )
Saud was a
frustrated man at that time.
沙特那时已经受了打击。
（ adjV ）
No wonder the sight of it should
send the memories of quite a number people of the
old generation back 36 years ago.
难怪老一辈的许多人见了这个就会想到36年前的往事。 ( N+ of structure
我们在20年间坐视原料价格下跌，工业品价格暴涨。
For 20 years
we
were passive witness to
the
deterioration of prices of our raw
materials
and an excessive increase of the prices of
manufactured goods.
( adj+n adv+V )
VO )
词序调整法 (inversion)
短语层面：Mr. Stevenson 史蒂文森先生
Mr.
President 总统先生
Room 520 520房间
The Central Committee of the
Communist Party of China 中共中央
ill-
tempered 性情乖戾的
East China 华东地区
Major-General Mohammed Khan,
The
First Brigade,
The Sixth Division,
Pakistan Army
巴基斯坦陆军第六师第一旅穆罕默德*汗少将
句子层面：
They were sons of the men who had left their
homes and taken to the mountains with
their
broad swords by their sides.
他们都是那些抛妻别子、扛着大刀（腰间别着大刀）进入深山的好汉们的后代。
He drinks half of a bottle of beer with each
of his meals.
每餐他都要喝半瓶啤酒。
Never have
we seen so bright a future before us!
我们从来没有见过这样光明的前途。
这多大学现有计算机科学、高能物理、激光、地球物理、遥感技术、遗传工程六个专业。
This university has six faculties, namely,
Computer Science, High Energy Physics,
Laser,
Geo-physics, Remote Sensing and Genetic
Engineering.
分译法 (Division)
She had such a kindly, smiling, tender,
gentle, generous heart of her own.
她心地厚道，笑容可掬，温婉动人，气量又大，为人又乐观。
Not that
the parting speech caused Amelia to philosophize,
or that it aimed her in
any way with a
calmness, the result of argument, …
倒并不是临别赠言让艾米利亚想得通丢的开，因此心平气和，镇静下来 。。。。。。
She treated that lady with every demonstration
of cool respect, …
他对那位夫人不冷不热，不错规矩。。。。。。
The Civil War, lasting four years and costing
at least a million lives, civilian
and
military, was the most extensive war ever fought
on the soil of the New World,
a war that
proved to the planters in a revolutionary way that
human beings in America
could no longer be
bought or sold, worked and killed at will to serve
the profit
of parasitic landowners.
美国的南北战
争历时四年之久，夺去了至少一百万军民的生命，是在新大陆进行的规
模最大的一次战争，这次战争以革
命的方式使种植园主意识到：在美国，再也不能为寄生的
土地所有者的利益而把人任意买卖、任意驱使、
任意杀害了。
It is in line with the Charter,
which recognizes the value of regional efforts to
solve problems and settle disputes.
它符合宪章精神，因为宪章承认由地区进行排难解纷的作用。
（
试想，如若汉译版本
的该句也采取类似于英文的定语，因而而进行前置或是多么的头重脚
轻
）
It had been anticipated that results would now
begin to show an increase in living
standard in Russia. Instead, the
necessity to greatly increase the direct
expenditure on armaments and still further
raise the already high percentage of the
national income devoted to defense means
further postponement of reward to the
ordinary
workers and consumers as a consequence of the
great industrial effort since
war.
原来预料
俄国的生活水平现在会因此而提高。可是不然，直接的军费需要大大的增加，
在国民收入中已经占很大比
例的国防费用还需要更加提高。这也就是说，由于战后工业方面
的巨大努力，普通工人和消费者得到的好
处的时间，又要推迟了。
正反翻译法 (Negation)
I don’t think Tom is correct.
我认为汤姆不对。
A: Are you not going tomorrow?
甲：你明天不去吗？
B: No, I’m not going.
乙：是的，我不去。
Africa is not kicking out
Western imperialism in order to invite other new
masters.
非洲不踢出西方帝国主义为了请进其他新的主子。 ×
非洲踢出西方帝国主义，并不是为了请来其他新的主子。 √
That
building is in a state of neglect.
那座大楼处于无人管理的状态。
That fellow is far
from being honest.
那家伙很不老实。
All
criminals are not murderers!
罪犯并非全是杀人犯！
Avoid operating the keys roughly.
使用按键，切勿用力过猛。
Live up to the
expectation of … 不辜负 。。。。。。
防弹衣、不冻港、无核区
Bullet-proof …, ice-free … ,
nuclear-weapon-free …
语态变换法
(the change of the voices)
The coming
physics examination is said to be rather
difficult.
即将举行的物理考试据说难度相当大。
Since
the first test of the atomic bomb the world has
learnt the atom can be split
and its power can
be used.
自从第一颗原子弹试验以来，全世界都已知道，原子可分裂，原子能可利用。
Goodyear, an American, had been trying
for years to find a way in which rubber could
be made hard, non sticky, and yet elastic.
有一个叫做古德伊尔的美国人一直在努力寻找一种方法把橡胶做得更硬而不粘，但是却有弹
性。
The expansion of metals on heating must
be taken into consideration before a long
metal bridge is built.
建造一座打的金属大桥之前，对金属受热膨胀这一现象必须加以考虑。
必须考虑到。。。
英语中常用被动句型的汉语习惯译法：
It is
hoped that … 希望。。。
reported 据报道。。。
said 据说。。。
supposed 据推测。。。
asserted 有人主张。。。
believed 有人相信。。。
well known 众所周知。。。