考研英语真题—试题
浙江期货-问答歌
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2011年硕士研究生入学考试考研英语真题
Section I Use of English
Directions： Read the following text. Choose
the
best word （ s） for each
numbered blank and mark [A]， [B]， [C] or [D]
on
ANSWER SHEET 1.（10
points）
Ancient Greek
philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as
y
exercise
“apreciousbodil to
health. ”But __1___some claims to the
contrary，
laughing probably has little
influence on physical fitness Laughter does
__2___short-term changes in the function
of the heart and its blood vessels， ___3_
heart rate and
oxygen consumption But
because hard laughter is difficult to __4__， a
good laugh
is unlikely to have __5___
walking or jogging does.，，
saybenefits
the way
laughter as exercise
does，__6__， instead of
straining
muscles to build them，
apparently accomplishes the __7__， studies
dating
back to the 1930‘ s indicate that
laughter__8___ muscles， decreasing muscle
tone for
up to 45 minutes after the laugh
dies down.
Such bodily
reaction might conceivably help _9__the
effects of psychological stress.
Anyway ， the act of laughing probablydoes
produce other types of___10___
feedback， that improve an
individual
‘
emotionals
state.
__11____one classical
theory of
emotion， our
feelings are partially rooted
____12___ physical
reactions. It
was argued at the end of the 19th century
that humans do not cry ___13___they
are
sad but they become sad when the tears begin to
flow.
Although sadness also
____14___ tears，
evidence suggests that
emotions can flow
__15___
muscular responses. In an experiment published
in
1988，social psychologist
Fritz Strack of the University of w rzburg in
Germany
ü asked volunteers to __16___ a
pen either with their teeth-thereby
creating an
artificial smile –or with their
lips ，
which would produce a（ n） __17___
expression.
Those forced to exercise their
enthusiastically to funny catoons than did
those whose
months were contracted in a
frown， ____19___ that expressions may
influence
emotions rather than just the
other
the physical act of
laughter could improve
around __20__ ，
1.[A]among [B]except [C]despite
[D]like
2.[A]reflect [B]demand
[C]indicate
[D]produce
3.[A]stabilizing [B]boosting
[C]impairing
[D]determining
4.[A]transmit
[B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe
5.[A]measurable
[B]manageable
[C]affordable [D]renewable
6.[A]In
turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief
7.[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average
[D]expected
8.[A]hardens [B]weakens
[C]tightens [D]relaxes
9.[A]aggravate
[B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance
10.[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious
[D]internal
11.[A]Except for
[B]According to
[C]Due to [D]As for
12.[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at
13.[A]unless [B]until [C]if
[D]because
14.[A]exhausts [B]follows
[C]precedes [D]suppresses
110
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15.[A]into [B]from
[C]towards [D]beyond
16.[A]fetch [B]bite
[C]pick [D]hold
17.[A]disappointed
[B]excited [C]joyful
[D]indifferent
18.[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned
[D]reacted
19.[A]suggesting
[B]requiring
[C]mentioning [D]supposing
20.[A]Eventually
[B]Consequently
[C]Similarly
[D]Conversely Section II Reading
Comprehension
Part A
Directions： Read the following four texts.
Answer
the questions below each text
by
choosing [A]， [B]， [C] or [D]. Mark your
answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
40
points）（
Text
1
The
decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan
Gilbert as its next music director
has been the talk of the classical-music world
ever since
the sudden announcement of
the response has beenhis appointment in 2009. For
the
most part，
to say the ble，
a
”
HoorayAtlast ！ wrote Anthony
Tommasini，“！
sober-sided
classical-
music critic.
is thathowever，One of
the reasons why the
appointment came as such a
surprise，
who had advocated，Gilbert
is comparatively
little known. Even
Tommasini
Gilbert ‘ s appointment
in the Times，calls him “ an
unpretentious
musician with no air
of the formidable
conductor about him. ” As a
description of the
next music director of
an orchestra that has
hitherto been led by musicians
like Gustav
Mahler and Pierre
Boulez， that seems likely
to have struck at least some
Times readers as
faint praise.
For my part， I have no idea
whether Gilbert is a great
conductor or even a
good one. To
be sure， he performs an
impressive variety of
interesting
compositions， but it is
me to visit
Avery Fisher Hall ， or anywhere
else， to
hearnot necessary for
interesting
orchestral music. All I have to do is to go
to
my CD shelf， or boot up my
computer
and download still more recorded music
from
iTunes.
Devoted concertgoers
whoreply thatrecordings are no
substitute
forlive
performance are missing
the point. For the time，
attention， and money
ofthe
public ， classical
instrumentalists must compete
notonly with
operaart-loving
houses， dance
troupes， theater companies， and
museums， but
also withthe
recorded performances
of the great classical
musicians ofthe 20th
century. There
recordings are cheap，
available everywhere， and
very often much
higher in artistic
‘ s live
performances；moreover， they can be
“ consumed”
at aquality than today
choosing'.
The widespread availability of suchthe
listenertime and place of
recordings has thus brought about a crisis in
the
institution of the traditional
classical
concert.
One possible response is for classical
performers
toprogram attractive new
‘ s own interest in new music has bemusic that
is
not yet available on record. Gilbert
widely noted： Alex Ross， a classical-
music critic，
has described him as a man
who
“ amarkedly different ， more
vibrantturning the
Philharmonic intois capable
of
” But what will be the nature of
that difference？
Merely expanding
theorganization.
'repertoires will
not be enough. If Gilbert and the
Philharmonic are toorchestra
210
----
---------
succeed， they
must first change the relationship
between
America
‘ s oldest orchestra
and the
new
audience it hops to attract.
s appointment has‘21. We learn from Para.1
that
Gilbert
[A]incurred
criticism.
[B]raised suspicion.
[C]received acclaim.
[D]aroused
curiosity.
Tommasini regards Gilbert as
an artist who
[A]influential. [B]modest.
[C]respectable.
[D]talented.
The
author believes that the devoted concertgoers 23.
[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.
[B]reject
most kinds of recorded
performances. [C]exaggerate
the variety of
live performances.
[D]overestimate
the value of live performances.
24.
According to the text， which of the following is
true of recordings ？
[A]They are often
inferior to live concerts in quality.
[B]They
are easily accessible to the general public.
[C]They help improve the quality of music.
[D]They
have only covered masterpieces.
25. Regarding
Gilbert
‘sinrolerevitalizing the
Philharmonic ， the author
feels
[A]doubtful.
[B]enthusiastic.
[C]confident.
[D]puzzled.
Text
2
When Liam McGee departed as
president of Bank of
America in August ，
his
explanation was surprisingly
straight up. Rather than
cloaking his exit in
the usual
vague excuses， he came right out
and said he was
leaving “ topursue my goal of
running a company. ”Broadcasting his ambition
was
“ verymuch my decision，”
McGee says.
Within two weeks， he was talking for
the first
time with the board of
Hartford Financial
Services Group ， which named
him CEO and
chairman on
September 29.
McGee says
leaving without a position
lined up gave him
time to reflect on what
kind of company he
wanted to run. It also sent a clear
message to
the outside world
about his aspirations.
And McGee isn
t alone. In recent weeks the
No.2
executives at‘
Avon and
American Express quit with the
explanation that they were looking
for
a
shareholder to in response
succession post. CEO As
boards scrutinize
plans
get the nod also may wish to move on. A
turbulent '
executives who donpressure，vague
of cautious letting
managers has environment
business also senior
pronouncements cloud
their reputations.
310
----
---------
As the first signs of
recovery begin to take hold ，
deputy chiefs
may be more
willing to make the jump without
a net. In the third
quarter， CEO turnover was
down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards
stuck
with the leaders they had，according to
Liberum
Research. As the economy picks up，
opportunities
will
abound for aspiring
leaders.
The decision to quit a
senior position to look for a better one is
unconventional.
For years
executives and
headhunters have adhered to the
rule that the most
attractive
CEO
candidates are the ones who must be
poached.
Says KornFerry senior partner
Dennis
Carey：“ Ican‘think of a single search I '
vedone where a board has not
instructed me to look at
sitting CEOs
first.”
Those who jumped without a
job haven ‘t always
landed in top positions
quickly.
Ellen Marram quit as chief of
Tropicana a decade
age ， saying she wanted to
be a
CEO. It was a year
before she
became head of a tiny Internet-based
commodities
exchange. Robert Willumstad
left Citigroup in 2005
with ambitions to be a
CEO. He
finally took that post at a major
financial institution
three years later.
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is
fading for top
performers. The financial
The“crisis has made it more acceptable to be
between jobs or to leave a bad one.
youbt arethat‘ s
safer to stay where，
traditional rule was
it
snbeefundamentally'
The people who says one headhunter.“
，”inverted
ve
been hurt the worst are
those‘
” ve stayed too
'
his manner can best be described 26.
When McGee
announced his departure，as
being
[A]arrogant.
[B]frank.
[C]self-centered.
[D]impulsive.
quitting may be spurred by ‘27.
According to
Paragraph 2， senior executives
[A]their expectation of better financial
status.
[B]their need to reflect on
their private life.
[C]their
strained
relations with the boards.
[D]their
pursuit of
new career goals.
most probably ），“28. The word poached（”Line 3
Paragraph 4means [A]approved of.
[B]attended to.
[C]hunted for.
[D]guarded against.
It can be inferred from
the last
paragraph that 29.
[A]top
performers used to cling to
their posts.
[B]loyalty of top performers is getting
out-dated.
[C]top performers care
more about
reputations.
s safer
to stick to the traditional rules.[D]it‘
30.？ Which of the following is
the best title for the
text Where to
Go[A]CEOs ：？ ：[B]CEOs All
the Way Up ？
410
----
---------
[C]Top Managers
Jump without a Net
[D]The Only
Way
Out for Top Performers
Text 3
The rough guide to marketing
success used to
be that you got what you paid
for.
and “longer. While traditional
paidia–such”medas
television commercials No
companies today can exploit many print
advertisements – still play a major role
，alternative
forms of media. Consumers
passionate about a
product may create
media by sending e-mail alerts about
products and
sales to customers “
owned”registered with its Web
site. The way
consumers now approach the broad
range
of
factors beyond conventional paid
media.
Paid and owned media are
controlled by marketers
promoting their own
products.
such marketers act as the
initiator for users，For
earned media
responses. But in‘
–‘ some cases，
one marketer' s owned media become another
marketers paid media
when an
e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web
site. We define ，for instancesuch sold media
as owned
media whose traffic is so strong that
other organizations
which ，place their
content or e-commerce engines
within that
environment. This trend
effectively began
with retailers and travel providers we
believe
is still in its infancy ， for ，such as airlines
and
hotels and will no doubt go further.
Johnson & Johnson a
stand-alone media property
that promotes has created
BabyCenter，example，
the complementary and even
competitive
products. Besides generating income， gives
companies ，presence of other marketers makes
the site
seem objective 'opportunities to
learn valuable
information about the appeal of
other companies
and may help expand user
traffic for all companies
ing，
The same dramatic technological changes
that have
provided marketers with
communications choices have also increased the
risk
that ）more （and more diverse and much ，
more
visible，passionate consumers will voice
their opinions
in quicker an more damaging
ways. Such hijacked
media are the opposite of
earned media： or
，asset or campaign becomes
hostage to consumers，
other
stakeholdersactivists who make negative
allegations about a brand or product. Members
of
social
are learning that they can
hijack media to apply
pressure networks，， for
instanceon the businesses
that originally
created them.
passionate consumers
would try to persuade others to
boycott ，If
that happens the products， putting the
reputation of the target company at risk. In
such a case，
and the learning ，‘ s response
may not be
sufficiently quick or
thoughtfulcompany alleviated
some of the
damage for examplecurve has been
steep.
Toyota Motor，，from its recall crisis earlier this
year with a relatively quick and well-
orchestrated
which included efforts to
engage with consumers
social-media response
campaign，directly on sites
such as Twitter and
the social-news site Digg.
ers may
create
media when they are” earned
“
obscssed with online shopping at certain Web
sites. [A] inspired by product-promoting
e-mails
sent to them. [B] eager to help their
friends promote
quality products.
[C]
enthusiastic about recommending their favorite
products.
[D]
510
----
---------
feature [A] a safe business
environment.
[B] random
competition.
32. According to Paragraph 2， sold media
[C] strong user traffic.
[D] flexibility in
organization.
33. The author indicates
in Paragraph 3 that earned
media
[A] invite constant conflicts with
passionate consumers.
[B] can be used to
produce negative effects in marketing.
[C]
may be responsible for fiercer competition.
[D] deserve all the negative comments about
them.
34. Toyota Motor ‘s experience
is cited as an
example of
[A] responding
effectively to hijacked media.
[B]
persuading customers into boycotting products.
[C] cooperating with supportive
consumers.
[D] taking
advantage of hijacked
media.
Which of the following is the text
mainly about ？
35.
Alternatives to
conventional paid media.
[A] Conflict
between hijacked and earned media. [B]
Dominance of hijacked media. [C] Popularity
of
owned media.
[D]
Text
4
s insightfulprovocative
magazine cover'，s no surprise
that Jennifer
SeniorIt ‘
–， ” is arousing
much chatternothing story，“ I
love My
Children， I Hate My Life
rearing is
anything less than agets people talking
likethe suggestion that child
life-enriching experience. Rather than
concluding
that childrencompletely fulfilling
，
Senior suggests we need to
redefinemake parents
either happy or
miserable，
instead
of：happinessthinking of it as
something
that can be measured by
we should
consider being happy as a past-tense
condition.，moment-to-moment joy
，Even though the day-to-day experience of
raising
kids can be soul-crushingly hard
the very things that in the moment
dampen our
moods can later be“Senior writes
that
”sources of intense
gratification and delight.
The
magazine cover showing an attractive mother
holding a cute baby is hardly
the only Madonna-and-child image on
newsstandsthis
week. There are also stories
as well as the usualand newly single –mom
Sandra
Bullock，–about newly adoptive
news. Practically
every week features at
least one” JenniferAniston is
pregnant “
smiling on the newsstands.， or
mom-to-becelebrity
mom，
In a
society that so persistently celebrates
procreation，
is it any wonder that
admitting you regret having children is
equivalent to
admitting you support kitten-
killing ？ It doesn ‘ t
seem quite，fairthen， to
compare the regrets of
parents to the
regrets of the children. Unhappy parents
rarely are
provoked to wonder if they
shouldn ' t have had kids， but unhappy
childless
folks are bothered with the
message that children are the single most
important
thing in the world： obviously
their misery must be a direct result of the
gaping
baby-size holes in their lives.
610
----
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Of course， the image of parenthood that
celebrity
magazines like Us Weekly
and
People present is hugely unrealistic， especially
when the parents are single
mothers like
Bullock. According to several studies
concluding that parents are less
happy
than childless couples， single parents are the
least happy of all. No shock
there，
considering how much work it is to raise a kid
without a partner to lean on；
yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it ，
raising a kid
on their （“readown”： with
round-the-clock help） is a piece of cake.
It ‘hards to imagine that many people are
dumb enough
to want children just
because
Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous：
most adults understand that
a baby is
not a haircut. But
it
' s interesting to
wonder if the images we see every
week
of stress-free， happiness-enhancing
parenthood aren
‘ t in some
small，subconscious
way contributing to
our
own dissatisfactions with the actual
experience， in
the same
way that a small part of us hoped getting“ the
Rachel
”
might make us look just a litt
bit like Jennifer Aniston.
er Senior
suggests in her article that raising a
child
can
bring [A]temporary delight
[B]enjoyment in progress
[C]happiness
in retrospect
[D]lasting reward
learn from Paragraph 2 that
[A]celebrity moms are a
permanent source
for gossip.
[B]single mothers with
babies deserve greater
attention.
[C]news about pregnant celebrities is
entertaining.
[D]having children is
highly valued by
the public.
is
suggested in Paragraph 3 that
childless
folks
[A]are constantly exposed to
criticism.
[B]are largely ignored by
the media.
[C]fail to fulfill
their
social responsibilities.
[D]are less
likely to be
satisfied with their life.
ing to Paragraph 4， the message conveyed
by celebrity magazines is
[A]soothing.
[B]ambiguous.
[C]compensatory.
[D]misleading.
of the following can be inferred from
the
last paragraph？
[A]Having
children contributes little to the glamour of
celebrity moms.
[B]Celebrity moms have
influenced our attitude
towards child rearing.
[C]Having children intensifies our
dissatisfaction with
life.
[D]We
sometimes neglect the happiness from
child
rearing.
Part B
The following paragraph are given in a
wrong order.
For Questions ：Directions you are
required to
reorganize these paragraphs into a
coherent text by
41-45，choosing from the list
A-G to filling them into
the numbered boxes.
Paragraphs
710
----
---------
E and G have been correctly placed. Mark
your
answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
（ 10 points）
[A] No disciplines
have seized on professionalism
with as much
enthusiasm as
the humanities. You can， Mr
Menand points out ，
became a lawyer in three
years
and a medical doctor in four. But the
regular time it
takes to get a doctoral degree
in
the humanities is nine years. Not
surprisingly， up to
half of all doctoral
students in
English drop out before getting
their degrees.
[B] His concern is mainly
with the humanities：
Literature， languages，
philosophy and so on. These are
disciplines that are
going out of style： 22%
of
American college graduates now major in
business
compared with only 2% in
history
and 4% in English. However， many leading
American universities want their
undergraduates to have a grounding in the
basic canon
of ideas that every educated
general education should look person
should posses.
But most find it
difficult to agree on what a “ the
great books
are read because “like. At Harvard ， Mr
Menand
notes，
form a sort of social glue.”they
have
been read-they
only about
half end up with professorships for which
[C]
Equally unsurprisingly，they entered graduate
school. There are simply too few posts. This
is partly
because
universities continue
to produce ever more PhDs. But
fewer students
want to study
ins d ： English departments
awarded more bachelor
egrees‘humanities
subjects at 1970-71 than they did
20 years
later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers.
So， many humanities students leave the the end
of a
decade of theses-writing，profession to do
something
for which they have not been
trained.
One reason why it is hard
to design and teach such
courses is that they
can [D]cut across the insistence by
top
American universities that liberal-arts educations
and
taught in different schools. Many
，professional
education should be kept
separatestudents experience
both varieties.
Although more than half of Harvard
undergraduates
future doctors and
lawyers must study a non-，end up in
law
medicine or business，specialist liberal-arts
degree
before embarking on a professional
qualification. [E]
top American Besides
professionalizing the professions
by this
separation，universities have professionalised the
professor. The growth in public money for
federal research grants rose fourfold
academic research
has speeded the process： but
faculty teaching hours fell
by half as
research took its toll. between 1960and
1990，
Professionalism has turned the
acquisition of a doctoral
degree into a
prerequisite for a
as late as 1969a third of
American professors did not ：
successful
academic career argues
，possess one. But the
key idea behind professionalisation
is
thatMr Menand，
the knowledge and skills needed
for
a particular specialization “
So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just
over the
are transmissible but not
transferable. ” but also over
the production
of the producers of
tion of knowledge，
[F] The key to reforming
higher education，
concludes Mr Menand， is to
alter
the way in which “ the
producers of knowledge are
produced. ，
academics”Otherwise
increasingly
detached from the societies，will continue
to
think dangerously alike
which they study，
investigate and criticize.
“
Academicinquiry ， at least in
some
810
----
---------
fields， may need to
become less exclusionary and
more
holistic.
” Yet quite how that
Mr
Menand dose
not s，
[G] The
subtle and intelligent little book The
Marketplace of Ideas： Reform
and
Resistancein the American University should be
read by every student thinking
of
applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then
decide to go elsewhere. For
something curious has been happening in
American
Universities ， and Louis
Menand，
a professor of English at Harvard
University，
captured it skillfully.
G → 41. →42. → E
→43. →44. →45.
Part C
Directions： Read the following text carefully
and
then translate the underlined
segments into Chinese. Your translation should
be
written carefully on
ANSWER SHEET 2.
（10 points）
creating our inner
character ，”With its theme that
“Mind is the
master weaverin-an Allen is Thinking
As a Man
by James and outer circumstances， the
book
depth exploration of the central idea of self-
help
writing.
s contribution was
to take an assumption we all
share-that
because we Allen ‘（ 46）
nature. its erroneous control our thoughts-and
reveal are
not robots we therefore
we
think that thoughts Because most of us believe
that
mind is separate from matter， this
allows us to think
one way and act
another.；can be hidden and made
powerless
Allen believed that the unconscious mind
generates
as much action as the However， while
we may be
able to sustain the illusion of
control
and （47）conscious mind， through the
conscious
mind alone， in reality we are
continually faced with a
question：” Why cannot
I make myself do this or
achieve that？
“
Since desire and will are damaged
by the presence of
thoughts that do not
but what We do not attract what we want，accord
with desire， Allen concluded ： “Achievement
happens because you as a person embody the
external”
we are.
success
but become it. There is no gap between mind
‘
t “ get ” you don achievement；and matter.
Circumstancesdo not make ‘books is its
contention
that “Part of the fame of Allen
This seems a justification for neglect of
those in 48）
they reveal him. a person，（” of
the superiority of
those at the top and the
and a rationalization of
exploitation，need，
would be a knee-jerk reaction to
a
，inferiority of those at the bottom. This ，however
offers a unique opportunity ，subtle argument.
Each
set of circumstances however bad， then
for growth.
If circumstances always determined
the life and
prospects of people，
circumstances seem to be
humanity would never
have progressed. In fat49），
（ then wronged
designed to bring out the best in
us
and if we feel that we have been “” we are
unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape
from our
situation .Nevertheless， s early
lifand its conditions
are often the greatest '
a person as any biographer
knows，gift to an
individual.
s book is that we have
no one else to blame for our
The sobering
aspect of Allen ‘ The upside is the
possibilities contained in .50present
condition except
ourselves（） where before we
were experts in the
array of knowing that
everything is up to us ； now
we become
authorities of what is tions ，
910
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SectionⅢ Writing
Part A
51. Directions：
Write a letter to a friend of yours to
1） recommend one of your favorite movies
and
2） give reasons for your
recommendation
Your
should write
about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2
Do not
sign your own name at the end of the leter.
User
“LI MING” instead.
Do not writer the address（. 10 points）
Part B
52. Directions：
Write an essay of 160—— 200 words based
on the
following drawing. In your
essay，
you should
1） describe the drawing
briefly，
2） explain it
‘s
intended
meaning，and
3） give your
comments.
Your should write neatly
on ANSWER SHEET 2.
（20 points）
1010
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专业资料 学习资料 教
育培训 考试
建筑装潢
资料
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