恋练有词 词根词缀大串讲

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2016 恋练有词 词根词缀大串讲
Follow your dreams追求梦想
Every great dream begins with a remember,you have within you the
strength,the patience,and the passion to reach for the stars to change
the world.
Keep dreaming保持梦想
Never lock up your dreaming box,and the greatest peril to the soul is that
one is likely to get precisely what he is seeking.

A Demo Word to Start: unparalleled无与伦比的
un=否定前缀
para=部分,偏(Paralympics残奥会)
llel,lel,level=线条
-ed(adj.)=没有意思

单词构成:
前缀:(情感emotion+方向orientation)
sup=↑
supergirl superboy Super-man
hyp=↓
hypnosis催眠 Hypocrisy伪善、虚伪(criticize critical critic)
post=←
postpone推迟 Post-90s90后 post-graduate研究生 post-doctor博士后
pre=→
prepaid预支付 preterm早产 predetermine预定
mal= 恶意的
malice恶意 malicious(be malicious to对...有恶意)


词根:(本源substance)submarine潜水艇
Star-=astr, aster, astro(元音可以替换)
①天文 astronaut astronomy
②运势 disaster灾难(dis=↓away)
catastrophe大灾难(cat=↓) catalogue目录

Sen-①=senior老者 ②= 老迈(老的很有档次=资历)
senility老迈 seniority资历
seneschal=? (-al=人)→随你叫的老人=佣人,管家

“老茧” 怎么说?= callus
“googolplex”
①plex:←complex(复杂=多)(→co-: cooperate; company; cohabitation;
collaborate)
②googol:字母重复出现表“多”

后缀(词性)
-ive=抽象adj.(=n.
-ity=抽象n.(personality productivity)
-ate=厚道之人(intimate亲密伙伴→intimacy亲 密、暧昧)candidate候选人
-or- er=攻、主动方(initiative主动的、自发的)
-ee=受、被动方(employee refugee)
-ist=专家(physicist specialist)
-al=专业人士(professional)
-ian=在某方面执着并有兴趣的人(politician政客 VS stateman政治家)

(词性、含义)
-ard:
①碰撞:ardent剧烈的 billiards台球


②贱人:bastard王八蛋、私生子 niggard吝啬鬼 sluggard懒汉 coward懦夫
-itis =病(炎症)
Larynx喉→laryngitis咽喉炎
hep-肝→hepatitis肝炎
appendix附录→appendicitis阑尾炎 diabetes糖尿病
-ia
①通过=via:media;aviation航空(aviator民航驾驶员VS pilot飞行员)
②重大疾病
安乐死:mercy killing;euthanasia
忧郁症多疑症 hypochondria(chronic disease慢性病) phobia恐惧症

原则一:顺序改变,意思不变
mature(n.)成熟→amateur(n.)业余
center centri中心的→eccentric离心的、古怪的 eccentricity
原则二:元音替换,意思不变 (a, e, i, o, u, y)
symmetry(n.)=相称
①sym=same=sem=sim (simulate模仿)
be sympathetic to对...表示同情→empathy同理心、感同身受
②metry=meter测量 (thermometer温度计)
symmetry→asymmetry 字母a做否定
symmetric→asymmetric
原则三:发音相近,意思也相近
dialogue=dia(对面)+log(说话=loq=log)
diagnose诊断
eloquence雄辩= e(e=ex=out) + loq
Facts speak louder than eloquence.事实胜于雄辩


前缀Prefix (向上↑):

up-:↑
①uphold (v.) 支持=support
②upsurge猛增 surge增加
③uproar喧嚣 roar 咆哮、大声疾呼
== riot骚乱(Rio里约)disturbance心烦意乱
sup-,super; sus-:↑
①sustain (v.)持续,坚持→sustainable development可持续发展
tain=staycatchhold
obtain
one’s approval得到某人的支持
detain
拘留
maintain:
a.=维修 b.=维持 c.=主张=set forth
养家糊口=maintain a family = make both
ends
meet(ends: income、
expenditureexpense)
outcome=结果,结局(Disastrous outcomesconsequences)
breadwinner=持家者(Who wins the bread in this family?)
汽车保养=vehicle-maintenance
②superior(a.n.)上等的→inferior (a.n.) 下属、下等的
superiority优越性→inferiority劣根性
suf-,sur-:
①on-line surfing(f与飞有关)上网
②suf-补充:
sufficient(a.)充足的、大量的 sufficiency (n.)供应、补充
(suffice sb. in ...在...帮助某人)
deficient
匮乏的
insufficient
不足的
efficient
高效的(energe-efficientenerge-saving house节能房屋)
over-: ab
a:上;重叠


overlap (v.)重叠
lap腿 lapse瑕疵 collapse崩溃 eclipse月食、没落、失势
b:过 (Bite off more than one can chew.过犹不及)
①over-sensitive过度敏感
②over-insistence忍,坚持→偏执
“Only Paranoia Survive”《只有偏执狂才能生存》
③overwhelm(v.)淹没 (drown下沉=sink沉没 oblivion 湮没)
The flood overwhelmed the whole village.
→An overwhelming number of...大量的
引申:immerse=浸在...;沉浸在... →-merse (v.)沉在…
be immersed in sth.(abandon oneself to griefpleasure)
M&A:Merger and Acquisition 合并与兼并
acquire→acquisitive(a.)贪婪的 greedy
merse=merge=吞并: M&A
submerge沉没sub-=下面
(be submerged in...= be engaged in...→saturate=饱和 satisfy)
hyper-:过
①hypersensitive(a.)→ ~ skin敏感皮肤
②hypercritical(a.)吹毛求疵的
hypocritical虚伪的→(critic评论家 VS critique评论)
critic:skeptic=怀疑论者(skeptical: be ~ of 对...表示怀疑)
critical至关重要的(It is ~ that) critical thinking批判性思维

前缀-Prefix (向下↓)

hypo-,hyp-:↓
①hypocritical 虚伪→hypocrisy(n.) hypocrite伪君子
②*hypothesis(n.)假设、前提 (thesis观点 prerequisite前提条件)
Under the hypothesis of...在...的前提下
hypothetical以什么为前提的


hypothetically,在这样的前提之下(作文好词)
③hypnosis(n.)催眠→hypnotic (n.a.) 催眠的
therapist理疗师
mal-:↓
①malice→be malicious to=be hostile to→hostility 敌意(主人不好客)
hostage人质
hospitality殷勤、好客 VS hospitalize使...住院
②maltreat (v.)虐待
abuse滥用(abuse one’s authority滥用某人的职权)
mis-:↓
mistreat不良对待 = maltreat (v.)
mislead (v.) misunderstanding (n.) misjudgment (n.)
a-:
the:定;-ism: 主义,信仰,制度,精神
theism有神论→atheism无神论
un-;under:
①screw (n.)螺丝;螺丝钉的精神
【You screw (mess, fuck) up the whole thing! 搞砸】
fuss (n.v.)大惊小怪 →make a fuss overof对…特别在意;大惊小怪
scrupulous 认真的、勤勤恳恳的
unscrupulous 马虎的、死不要脸的、寡廉鲜耻的
scrutinize(v.)仔细审查→scrutiny (n.)
②unconscious无意识的
subconscious潜意识的(conscie nce良心→conscientiously,平心而论地、负
责任地)
submit呈交 subtitle字幕 subtle微妙的
transmit传播、传输 transmisson传送、播送 transmissible可传播的
transferable可转移的
③unfeasible=不能实施的→ease- 轻松,悠闲


④undergo=经历 experience
undertake承担
(innovative undertaking创业 = setbuild up one’s own business)
un- + n.→ v.
fold (n.v.) → unfold 打开,表明
veil (n.) → unveil揭幕,表明
leash → unleash解开(Why do you unleash all of your fuels on me?)

un-,in-c,dis表否定时有规律吗?
in-:
a:在什么的里面(当后面跟着的部分并非是独立单词时)
①inanity(n.):一个人在家里→空虚
vanity虚荣
va- 空的 vacant(a vacant parking place空的停车位) vacancy闲置
b:向下(当…是独立单词时)
①invalidity;invalid (a.)无用的,无效的(药)
②inconvenient
in- ill- im- imm- irr
①immune (be ~ to对...免疫)
mu- 互相的:mutual→win-win→mutual benefits共赢
【Prison Break II: Sara: He is ~ to females=gay.】
immunity=免疫力 immunology=免疫学 免疫学家=immunologist
②immortality永垂不朽 immortal永存的
mort:摩的→死亡 mortal=死亡的
mortgage:gage (n.v.)=抵押→
engage
=订婚 engagement=婚约
be engaged to sb.=与某人订婚
be engagedhired to do sth
engaged in doing = engage oneself in...全身心投入做某事
=be committed to doing sth.=commit oneself to doing sth.


=dedicatedevote (the same as commit)
→commit suicide自杀(commit+n.情感向下)
→in the name of slavery to commit many inhuman acts(Aristotle)
aristocratic高贵的 aristocracy贵族、高贵
commitment承诺=promise
dis-(a.): =away分开
①dispense(v.)=分配;拨款
expenditure;expense(n.)开销
→be dispensed from...免于、免除
→indispensable 必不可少的
compensate (v.)=赔偿 pens=钱( ~ for your loss of...)
②*distribute(v.)
tribute:贡品;献礼;赞美
pay tribute to推崇 praisecommend(recommendation反复表扬→推荐)
contribute
共献=贡献
distribute
分配,分销→distributordistribution 分销商
outlet奥特莱斯:分店,精品折扣店
retail零售 wholesale批发(merchant商人 merchandise货物)
dis-(b): =no否定
①dissatisfaction (n.)不满意
②discontent不满足 contented满足的
③dispute:disputable有争议的
put-=think名声、想法
reputation名声 fame声誉
【在这样的前提下:all in all; in a word; Hypothetically, we may firmly
arrive at an indisputable conclusion that...】
en-: 使动
①enlighten启发(~ sb. on sth.)
②encounter遭遇 counterpart参照对象


【We’ve encountered some turbulence, please keep your seatbelt fastened.】
偶然撞见encounter intobump intocome acrosscoincide with (incident
coincidence)
im-:
a:否定
①impartial不偏不倚的,公正的objectivecarefree
impart传授(apprentice门徒) impact影响↓ impair损害、破坏
②imprudent(prudent谨慎的→马虎的 rude plight困境)
impudent无理的
b:=imm =ill =irr
①immobile固定的
②illegal 不合法的(performanceconduct行为)
illegitimate 不合法的(qualification资格、身份)
分析:
leg=law→delegate下面选出的厚道之人=代表 legislate(v.)立法
合法继承人a legitimate heirsuccessor (based on kinshiplineage)
kin血缘关系、亲属关系 kindred
③irreplaceable不可取代的→至关重要的irreplaceably
em-: 在什么里面
①embed(v.)嵌入→be embedded in
②embellish (v.)美化、装饰
③embarrass在酒吧里像个驴→尴尬
embarrassing(an embarrassing situation尴尬情况)
embarrassment(n.)尴尬
-ass harass
harassment(n.)骚扰 (OSH: office sexual harassment)
harassed(a.)骚扰的;心烦的
ambassador(n.)大使 am-爱 bass贝斯、重音 embassy(n.)大使馆
ab-: off 剥离,抽离,分开
①abolish(v.)丢弃,废弃(+law, regulations, conventions)


pol抛 polish抛光
abolish VS eliminate diminish dwindle
extinguisher灭火器→extinguish
extinct volcano 死火山
extinction生化危机第三部 灭亡
quench:queen;;squeeze压榨(exploit剥削)→扑灭, 消灭, 毁灭
②abate(v.)= not eat→减弱,废掉
③abstract 摘要(n.);抽象的(a); 抽象化(v.)
trace=track=trail痕迹,轨迹(n.);跟踪(v.)
trailer预告片
反义:
a
concrete
clue一个具体的线索
④abound
abound使什么无边无界;充满;到处存在(abound in充满)
abundant 大量存在的(be abundant in)
boundary 边界线(象棋楚河分界)
bound(v.n.) =bounce弹跳(bind)
be bound up with与...相关
be bound to 有义务的,必须做的
= be destined to命运注定的 *destiny’s child: brown eyes
= be doomed to注定不好的事情 gloom郁闷 glooming
⑤aberrant(a.) 变态的,异常的→ ~ manners不正常行径
err = error→an errant boy 迷途少年
di-, de-, dis-: away ↓
①deforest滥砍滥伐→deforestation(n.)
【mudslide 泥石流 landslide 土地流失 abortion人流 abort】
②dilemma难以抉择,进退两难
【I am in a ~ about whether to study abroad or to pursue knowledge in
domestic atmosphere.】
domain(n.) dominate(v.)


domestic violence家庭暴力
domesticate驯养
be predominant in(主动)占据
反义:
be preoccupied bywith 被提前占据
of-:↓
of-:↓= op- ob-
①offend (v.)→offensive(a.) ~weaponry 进攻性武器系统
offense(n.)进攻;冒犯→defend (v.)
②offset(v.n.)抵消 (rise up the price to offset the increasing costs.)
set off = setbe about doing sth.开始做某事
set out to do sth.=take off=initiate(initial最初的 initiative主动性
take~ in)
outset开端——outcome结果
op-:↓
①oppose反对
opponent(n.)反对者 counterpart参照对象
②oppress压迫
depression(Great Depression 1929—1933年大萧条)
repress抑制、压抑
oppressed(a.n.)被压迫者——ruler统治者
ob-: ↓
①obstacle (n.)→
分析:
stack 捆 (一堆 a ~ of)
stake木桩、利害关系、股份 stakeholder股东、利害关系人
be at stake = be in dangerrisk
painstaking艰辛卓越的(make ~ efforts)
②oblige:
a.:ob=对立, 对面(压迫, 迫使 ~ sb. to do sth.)
obligation义务=liability
be liable to=倾向于做某事, 易于...
=be prone to (pro=向前)


=be apt to(aptitude才华 altitude海拔)
=be subject(ed) to→subject A to B 使A服从于B(subjective,objective)
b.:
I am much obliged to you for your kindness in giving me first aid after
that unfortunate CRH crash.(深深)感激(来自内心强烈的呼唤)
CRH=Chinese Railway High-speed
③be obsessed with被什么困扰、对...痴迷
分析:
‘se’
a.=色:seduce色诱、引诱→seduction(勾引→temptation)
sedulous孜孜不倦的=diligent
b.=盯着看:observe(v.)观察(第一步)→perceive领悟(第二步)
(分析:per-: fullythrough→perfect)
perception insight洞察力 insightful透彻的
【A lot of girls are obsessed with their own weight.】
‘se’色→-lipse=-lapse=lypse下滑、下降
①eclipse:
a.=(日,月)食 solar~ lunar~
lapse(n.)=lap大腿→lapse(v.)下降(n.)瑕疵
b.=没落;失势 【His family has been in ~. 走向衰弱】
Apocalypse:天兆 the Day of Judgment审判日
象征、征兆、图腾
= a sign of glory徽章
(不好的标志)恶兆
(Fever is a typical ~ of many diseases.)

标志 Peugeot=美洲狮 标致汽车
(n.)质检证明、典型特征(=characteristic)
②elapse: e=out 慢慢往下走→慢慢消逝
Three years have elapsed since we met with each other last time. (fly by
go by)
collapse崩溃,瓦解


dilapidated废弃的, 过时的, 抛弃的【~ desire=废弃欲望(乐队)】
outdated overdue过时的
elated迟到了出去玩→得意洋洋的 elation(n.)得意
anti-:↓
①anti-human offense
②anti-cancer anti- body
③anticipate (v.) 期望= expect
分析:
-cipate = take
participate in = take part in
emancipate解放,释放(The invention of this machine can ~ a lot of labors.)
(思想)自由、解放liberate(v.) liberal(a.) liberation解放 liberty
counter-:↓对,假
①counterpart参照物、配对物
②counterbalance(对抗之下的)平衡
③counterfeit currency假币 伪造的(犯罪性质)
词汇比较: fake-copycat-false- artificial
赝品(fake flower假花绢花)
山寨 =“Shanzhai” cellphonemovie star
由于原物无法恢复而制造的替代品 (a false tooth假牙)
fabricate=伪造,制作
fable谚语
fancy喜爱、幻想【show fancy to=(be fond of)=adore sth.喜欢 】
fantasy幻想 fascinate使...着迷(be fascinated by被...吸引)
人工的【~ Intelligence 《人工智能》】
gizmo小发明 robot机器人、自动机械 automatic自动的《Nine》《Wall E》
counter-:↓反
顺时针clockwise 逆时针counterclockwise
I got a counter-clockwise life. (I’m in a mess.)

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