翻译技巧(李智)
中国美院教务网-报道范文
翻译技巧
一． 翻译的基本技巧
1. 词性转换法
A
well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an
American, got into the car.
(一个穿着讲
究的人上了车。他的外表和谈吐都像个美国人。)
Securities
laws require companies to treat all shareholders
reasonably equally.
(证券法要求公司给所有持股人既合理又平等的待遇。)
Time Warner will pay TCI 360 million for
Southern Satellite company.
（时代华纳愿会给TCI三亿六千万美元购买南方卫星这家公司。）
2. 增减重复法
She was more royal than the royals.
（她比皇家成员更有皇家气质。）
You must come back before
nine. Period!
（你必须九点前回来，没有什么可商量的余地。）
There are scenes of all sorts, some dreadful
combats, some grand and lofty horse-riding,
some scenes of high life, and some of very
middling indeed; some lovemaking for the
sentimental,
and some light comic business. <
br>（„„看看各种表演，像激烈的格斗，精彩的骑术，上流社会的形形色色，普通人家生
活的情形，
专为多情的看客预备的恋爱场面，轻松滑稽的穿插等等。）
He shouldn’t have
taken advantage of her sexually.
(他本不应该占她的便宜。)
There had been too much
publicity about their relationship.
（他们的关系已经闹得满城风雨，人人皆知了。）
But Europe held
forth the charms of storied and poetical
association.
（但欧洲也有它的美，欧洲的美较之美国的美更富于历史与诗意的联想。）
3. 反面着笔法
Yet the process of achieving gender equality
is still an ongoing one.
（然而争取男女平等的过程仍然是一项未竟之业。）
With Silicon
Valley’s notorious housing prices in mind, I
expected to see a much worse
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house.
（由于对硅谷房价出奇的高早有所闻，所以看到房子还过得去，真出乎我意料。）
4.
分合移位法
And a growing minority of Western
intellectuals agreed.
（越来越多的西方知识分子当时接受这种看法，虽然从数量上说，他们仍是少数。）
A
naïve projection of their past growth rates into
the future was likely to greatly overstate
their real prospects.
（若以过去的增长率来预测未来，会显得考虑
欠周，因为那种预测会严重夸大未来的实
际增长。）
The Inauguration
took place on a bright, cold, and windy day.
(就职典礼那天天气晴朗，寒风凛冽。)
Thank you for your
advice and counsel.
(谢谢您的忠告)
I knew every
spot where a murder or robbery had been committed
or a ghost seen.
（什么地方发生过盗案或者凶杀案，什么地方有鬼魂出现过，我都知道。）
A woman
infected with HIV may be ostracized or abandoned
by her husband if her condition
is revealed,
even when he is the source of the disease.
（即使妇女的HIV被丈夫传染，病情一旦泄露，还是会遭受冷待或抛弃。）
二．
汉英段落翻译实践
1. 词义的理解
为促进统一，就要有个适当的方式。
To
promote the reunification of the motherland, we
must find a proper means.
当今只有少数几个国家有资格打世界大战。
Only a few countries can afford to fight a
world war.
2. 词义的表达
汉语中的“水平”，英语根据不同搭配用不同的词：
提高生活水平upgrade the
living standard
提高会话水平 improve one’s
conversational ability
提高领导水平 improve the art
of leadership
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提高文化水平
raise the intellectual level (of people)
提高英语水平 to improve English
清华附中的小记者走出校门，采访了76位路人。
A group of teenage
reporters from the middle school to Qinghua
University took a poll on the
street on 76
passersby.
3. 添加主语
读书可以增长知识。
Through
reading one can acquire knowledge.
得第一名获金牌，第四名什么也拿不到。
Whoever comes first
wins a gold medal but anyone who comes fourth gets
nothing.
4. 信息主语
报告的其他部分没有提到这一点。
The
speaker made no mention of this point elsewhere in
his report.
This point was not mentioned
anywhere in his report.
到去年年底，已与好几个国签订了建造拉索桥的合同或协议。
By the end of
last year, contracts or agreement were signed with
some countries for the
construction of chain
bridges.
5. 连贯主语
机构投资者和个人投资者踊跃购买每年发行的国库券。企
业债券因为期限短，利率高于
银行存款利率一到二个百分点，因此也十分受欢迎。人们争相购买债券，往
往前一天晚上就
在银行外排队，一个亿的债券几天就一售而空。
Treasury
bonds issued each year has been the most popular
with institutional and individual
investors.
Enterprise bonds are also popular because they
have a short maturity and offer an
interesting
rate of 1-2%more than the average bank deposit
rate. Often RMB 100 million worth of
enterprise bonds are subscribed within a few
days by anxious investors who queue overnight
outside banks.
五十年代初期，美国企图征服朝鲜，但是中朝军民共同努力，最后打败了他们。
In the
early 1950s, the U.S tried to conquer Korea, but
finally were defeated by the joint
efforts of
the army and people of Korea and China.
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6. 搭配主语
因为我们国家的建设事业不仅仅需要的是工程师和科学家，同样需要各行各业的能工巧
匠。
For China in her development needs not only
engineers and scientists, but talent of different
kinds.
身体虽弱，但精神还好。
He is physically
weak but mentally sound.
7. 非人称主语
不同的人对退休持不同的态度。
Different people have
different attitudes towards retirement.
Attitudes towards retirement vary from person
to person.
大多数人对学生的要求持同情的态度。
There is
considerable public sympathy for the students
demands.
8. 断句与合句
世界上一些国家发生问题，从根本上说，都是因为经济
上不去，没有饭吃，没有衣穿，
没有房住，工资增长被通货膨胀抵消，生活水平下降，大批人下岗和失业
，长期过紧日子。
Basically, the root cause for social
unrest in some countries lies in their failure to
boost their
economy. Consequently they lack
food, clothing and shelter, and their wage
increases are offset by
inflation. With a
decline in living standards, widespread layoffs
and unemployment, people have
to suffer
chronic hardships.
这五年，首先农村改革带来许多新的变化，农作物大幅度增产
，农民收入大幅度增加，
乡镇企业异军突起。
During those five
years, rural reform brought about many changes: a
great increase in crop
production and in
farmers’ income as well as the rise of rural
enterprises as a new force.
9. 理关系分主次
相当多的国有企业生产经营困难，下岗和失业人员增多，就业压力加大。
Quite a
number of State-owned enterprises are experiencing
difficulties in production and
management,
causing an increase in unemployment and consequent
pressures in employment.
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10. 突出信息重心
经过多年的努力，我们国家已能用仅占世界百分之七的
耕地，养活了占世界百分之二十
二的人口，使十一亿人民基本解决了温饱问题。
Now it
has solved the problem of food and clothing to a
point where it has managed to feed
its 1.1
billion people, 22 percent of the world’s total
population, with only 7 percent of the world’s
cultivated land.
反对革命和社会主义的敌人对新中国散布了种种造谣毁谤
，作者在这本书里把它们一一
揭穿了。对于这个功绩，世界上千千万万的人都要感谢的。
Millions of people throughout the world are in
debt to the author for the service he rendered
in that book by tearing aside the curtain of
lies and slanders about new China put up by the
enemy
of revolution and socialism.
11.
句子的调整
贪污腐化，奢侈浪费等现象仍在蔓延滋长。
Corruption,
extravagance and waste are still growing and
spreading.
12. 语义性添词
发展才是硬道理。
Economic
growth is most important.
我们确定搞两个开放：一是对内开放，一个是对外开放。
We have decided
on an open policy in two respects: namely to open
both within the nation
and to the world.
13. 连贯性添词
他在考察的过程中，从不盲目迷信书本上的结论，从不把权威看作是真理
的唯一基础。
他发现前人研究的地理记载中有许多不可靠的地方。
He never
blindly accepted the conclusions given by books,
nor did he treat authority as the
sole basis
for truth. As a result, he found many inaccuracies
in the travel notes on geography
written by
his predecessors.
14. 表达性添词
中国的影响，中国的成就，在世界上到处可见。
The signs of China’s
influence and success abound in the world.
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最近几年，考托福的人大大减少了。
In recent
years, the number of people who take the TOEFL
test has decreased.
15. 句内重复信息省略
海峡两岸的中国人都是骨肉同胞，手足兄弟。
The Chinese on both
sides of the Taiwan Straits are of the same blood.
他虽然带着五七分酒意，却装做十分醉的，前颠后仰，东倒西歪。
He was not
really drunk, but pretended he was intoxicated and
staggered along.
16. 词内重复信息省略
由于各种各样的原因，他们常常感到心情压抑，事业受挫。
They often feel
depressed and frustrated for a variety of reasons.
这份杂志内容有趣，文字浅显，立即畅销全国。
The magazine has
gained immediate nationwide popularity at once as
it is interesting and
easy.
17. 代词性替代
这个代价还不只是环境上的。代价还有社会风气的变坏。
The cost is not
only environmental, it is also more serious in
terms of the decline in public
morals.
他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。
He hated
failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen
above it, and despised it in others.
18. 同义词替代
在科技界，医学界和体育界，同样存在相同的情况。„„这种情况相当糟糕。„„这种
情况一直
到九十年代初才有所改变。
A similar story has been told in
science, medicine and sports circles … The
situation was so
grim… It didn’t change much
until the early 1990…
这项政策能确保发展中国家不断提高生活水平，确保发达国家的经济持续发展。
The
policy will ensure a rising standard of living for
the developing countries and sustained
economic growth for the developed world.
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19. 概括词替代
由十余位中国和美国教师开设硕士
水平的各种课程。美国学生由中国教师负责教学，主
要研究中国问题。用汉语上课。
Under them, up to a dozen faculty members of
both nationalities will offer a variety of
courses at the master’s level. The Americans,
studying with Chinese professors, will concentrate
on China.
这样我就开始准备写“中国的词”的论文。其实，童年在家里我喜欢读词
读赋，但对于
词，我并没有好好研究过。
So I began to prepare
my dissertation on Chinese Ci, a subject of which
I had never made a
thorough study though I
liked to read this kind of poetry in my childhood.
20. 结构性替代
说到埃及，人们不可能不想到金字塔，同样，说到中国，人们也不可能不想到长城。
One
can’t speak of Egypt without thinking of the
Pyramids, nor of China without the Great
Wall.
说一个人自私自利，不只是因为他只图自己的利益，而是因为他不顾邻人的利益。
A man
is called selfish, not for pursuing his own good,
but for neglecting his neighbor’s.
21. 修饰语的处理
学校的任务是培养德智体全面发展，能熟练运用外语从事外事和文化交流工作的合格人
才。
The university aims to train morally,
intellectually and physically developed students
with a
good command of foreign languages and
qualified for foreign affairs and cultural
exchange with
foreign countries.
他们在这里修建了一座足以通过重型卡车的桥梁。
They built up there
a bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries
22. 汉语动词的处理
人际关系就是一种善于听取别人意见，体察别人的需要，虚心接受批评的能力
Interpersonal skills are nothing but the
ability to be good listener, to be sensitive
toward
others’ needs, to take criticism well.
这就给几十万在高峰时间乘车上下班的人带来了很大的不便。
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Thus hundreds of thousands of rush hour
commuters are greatly affected.
他一张饱经风霜的脸上，双眉紧销，显得心事重重。
There was a
troubled frown on his weather-beaten face.
23.
抽象名词的运用
这部短小精焊的书一问世立即受到人们，特别是大学生的青睐，并多次再版。无须解释
人们为什么这么喜爱这本书，因为只要稍加浏览，就可以看到书里收集的格言反映了文明社
会中
对于友谊的看法。
This short work enjoyed an immediate
acceptance, especially among college students, and
was reprinted many times. Its popularity needs
no explanation, for a brief perusal of the
questions
shows that they embody the notions
of civilized friendship.
在经济发展中，我们要控制人口，节约资源，保护环境，并把它们放到重要位置上。
Great importance must be attached to
population control, the conservation of resources
and
environmental protection in economic
growth.
24. 换一种说法
土地的紧张迫使人们越来越多地砍去森林，造起住房。
And land hunger is forcing more and more homes
to be built on the land once covered with
the
forests.
这是一出超越民族局限的戏。
The play has
universal appeal.
25. 抽象化表达
冬季您若怕冷的话，可以到没有酷暑和严冬的“春城”昆明。
If you dislike
the cold in winter, you can visit Kunming, the
“Spring City” which is spared
temperature
extremes.
华侨离乡背井，远居国外。因此他们在感情上越来越向往祖国大陆。
Absence and distance make the overseas Chinese
heart increasingly fond of the motherland.
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