考研英语翻译常用八大技巧
年夜饭作文-清明节的由来200字
考研英语翻译常用八大技巧
1.重译法(Repetition)
在翻译中,有时为了忠实于原文,不得不重复某些词语,否则就不能
忠实表达原文的意思。重译
法有如下三大作用:一是为了明确;二是为
了强调;三是为了生动。
We have
advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence,
which is now growing more and more popular
among the nations
of Asia and Africa.
译文:_______________________________________________
____
2.增译法(Amplification)
为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必
须增加一些词语。
A new kind aircraft-small, cheap, pilotless
-is attracting
increasing attention.
译
文:_______________________________________________<
br>
3.减译法(Omission)
和其他一切事物一样,翻译也是有增必有
减。理解了增译法之后也就
明白了减译法,它是增译法的反面。
These
developing countries cover vast territories,
encompass
a large population and abound in
natural resources.
译文:____________________
_______________________________
4.词类转译法(Conversion)
在翻译时,因为两种语言
在语法和习惯表达上的差异,在保证原文意
思不变的情况下,译文必须改变词类,这就是词类转译法,这
种方法
不但指词类的改变,而且还包括词类作用的改变和一定词序的变化。
(1)a.→v.
The manager is grateful to
the customers for their valuable
suggestions.
译文:______________________
___________________________
(2)n.→a.
In all this great serenity of ocean it is
seldom that we espy
so much as another
ship.
译文:_________________________________
__________________
还有其它词类转移的情况,这里将不再一一赘述,总
之,词类转移要
遵守忠实与通顺的原则。
5.词序调整法(Inversion)
词序调整法的英语inversion一词
,不能译成“倒译”、“倒译法”
或“颠倒词序”之类,否则容易和语法中的“倒装”概念相混淆。inversion作为一种翻译技巧,其意思为:翻译时对词序作必要或必不
可少的改变,并不但
仅纯粹的颠倒词序或倒装。
It was a keen disappointment
that I had to postpone the visit
which I had
intended to pay to China in January.
译文:__
_________________________________________________<
br>
6.正义反译,反义正译(Negation)
negation在语法与
翻译两个不同学科中含义不尽相同。作为一种翻译
技巧,它主要指在翻译实践中,为了使译文忠实而合乎
语言习惯地传
达原文的意思,有时必须把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定说法,或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的肯定说法。
(1) 需要正义反译的词和短语有:d
eny“否决,否定→不给
予”;miss“错过→没赶上(交通工具);没听(看到)或没听(看懂)”;live up to one’s
expectations“不(没)辜负……的希
望”;divert attention
from“将注意力从……移开→没有意识
到”;be absent“未出席;没来”;far fr
om“远非;完全
不”;final“最终的→不可改变的”;idly“漫不经心地;无所事事
地”;be at a loss “不知所措”;rather thaninstead
of“而不
是”;absent-minded“心不在焉的”;but
for“要不是;如果没有”等。
The scientists made a
solemn pledge at the conference, saying,
“We’ll forever live up to what our Party
expects of us.”
译文:_______________________
____________________________
(2)需要反义正译的词汇是含有no或not的一些短语,如:no less
than“实在是;正如;很多于”;no
less…than“和……一样;不亚
于”;no other than“只有;正是”;none
other than(用以增强语
气)“正是;恰恰是;不是别人,正是……”;nothing
but“只有(是);
只不过”;no choice but“别无选择只(好)得”;以及一些带有
词缀的
词,如:unfold“展开;表现”;disappear“消失;失
踪”;care
lessly“马马虎虎地;粗心地”等。
From the passage we
learn that an invention will not benefit
the
inventor unless it is reduced to commercial
practice.
译文:_________________________
______________________________________________
__________
7.分译法(Division)
分译法主要用于长句的翻译。为了使译文忠实、易懂,有时不得不把
一个长句译成两句或更多的句子。这
是分译法的主要内容,此处所谓
的句子不在于结尾处用句号,而在于有无主谓结构,一般说来,含有一个主谓结构的语言部分就是一个句子。这种句子大是含有定语从句
的句子,在英汉互译时,尤其在
英译汉中,如能将定语从句译成前置
定语,则尽量避免其他译法;如译成前置定语不合适,一般是分译成
另
外一个独立的句子或另一种从句,如译成状语从句等。
It is
obvious that his period in office was marked by
steep
rise in his country’s oil revenues and
the beginning of a
social-political crisis
brought out by wide-scale misuse of
the $$25
billion a year earning from oil.
译文:______
_______________________________________________
8.语态变换法(The change of the voices)
这里
所说的语态是指主动语态和被动语态,这两种语态在英汉两种语
言中的使用情况是很不相同的,被动语态
的使用是科技文章的主要特
点之一,其用法十分广泛。在汉语中,我们可用“被、让、把、遭、
换、使、由、受到,为……所”等词来表示被动。但在汉语中的被动
语态使用频率比英文要低得多。所以
,在遇到被动语态时,应遵循汉
语的习惯,如译成被动语态不通,则译成主动语态。
(1)保留其被动语
Goodyear, an American, had
been trying for years to find a
way in which
rubber could be made hard, non-sticky, and yet
elastic.
译文:_________________________
(2)将被动改为主动
①
翻译成汉语的无主语,如果被动句不含by的话。
If bad
weather is expected, the forecaster must be able
to
suggest another airport within the range of
the aircraft
where the weather will be
suitable for landing.
译文:_________________________
②将that引导的
主语从句仍然译为宾语,但要加上表泛指的词语(如
人们、大家、我们等)做主语。如:
It is hoped that…
It is reported
that…
It is said that…
It is
supposed that…
It must be admitted
that…
It must be pointed out that…
It is asserted that…
It is believed
that…
It is well known that…
It
will be said that…
It will be seen from
this that…
It was told that…
I was
told that…
It may be said…
It may
be argued that…
注意:如果被动结构既有过去分词又有by(或in,
for)引导的介词短
语,这时将动作的发出者译成主语。如:It is imagined by
many
that…