同义词和写作常见词汇
北京陈经纶中学-叶良辰语录
第一类：
巨大: big-colossal enormous(size,
number, degree) immense(size, degree)
gargantuan grandiose massive monolithic
prodigious(bulk, quantity,
degree) titanic
tremendous(large)
小的: small-diminutive
miniature miniscule
快的(副词):fastly—by leaps and
bounds(with extraordinary rapidity)
加强:
strengthen-bolster buttress consolidate reinforce
intensify fortify (可
以用在argument)
强的:
strong-brawny(人) muscular sinewy impregnable(不可征服)
invincible(不可征服) potent robust(人，大范围情况下无失败的能力)
virile
stalwart(人，精神，思想) stout sturdy
强人:
baron(巨头) magnate mogul—显赫之人
削弱: weaken-
diminish debilitate enervate也可用于精神道德上削弱 sap
undermineperishwane
弱的: weak—feeble
decrepit frail flaccid impotent puny tenuous
重要的: important –consequential momentous
eminent prominent pivotal
极其重要 substantial
significant crucial essential fundamental
重要:
importance—core hub essence-本质精髓 gist-main
pointmagnitude
（类似的）
居首位的:
leading—foremost paramount-至高无上 overriding
predominant主导
地位的，显著的 prevailing preeminent
prevalent supreme
不重要的: unimportant—marginal
peripheral negligible-微不足道
triflingtrivial-
也作琐碎的
超过: surpass—eclipse-to reduce in
importance or repute
exceedoverrideoverwhelm-
强势压倒也可用于精神上
ltranscend be superior to outwit
outweigh be
inferior to（劣于）= be subordinate
to
强权: ascendancyhegemony-也做霸权supremacy
二
初始: beginning—debutpremiere
prime也做adj.首要的最好的 genesis-noun. 起
源 inception
onset threshold lead off lead out (比to begin
with好得多拉 )
(或者说什么的到来：advent of something)
初始的: beginning-- primitivebudding fledgling
embryonic-萌芽期的（古老的
意义解时archaic or antiquated or
obsolescent or obsolete）
开始:
beginstart—commence-vi&vt initiate-vi embark
inaugurate
开始：beginstart=undertake embark
upon着手开始做
增长: grow—multiply成倍增长mushroom-
viproliferate sproutaccelerate
burgeon(慢慢增长)
使其增长: increase--amplify magnify add-augment
supplement增补
加重，升级 aggravate (恶化)vt escalate-
vt&vi exacerbate-vt加重恶化
deteriorate impair-
vt.损害削弱
减少，减弱: decrease—abateattenuate
detract diminish slackencurb curtail
(number)pare prune删除多余的东西 slash trim
whittle削减利润收入等金钱方面、
权利、差别、数目
减轻decrease---allay assuage-减轻使痛苦的东西如愤怒、内疚等
mollify
soothemitigate
变弱decrease—dwindle
ebb subside wane weaken impair
上升: ascend—lift
surge rocket boast soar boom
达到顶峰 culminate
也表示以…告终 culminate in；
顶点: peak—acmeapex
pinnacle climax apogee n.远地点 zenith(nadir最低点
or abyss深渊) (zenith&nadir特别适合用在比喻
强调两者的区别大~两个词的来源大家
可以查查~两个对比强烈哦 ) It felt as if
we had traveled from nadir to zenith.
下降:
descend plummet垂直急速下降plunge slump tumble
(fluctuate波动)
三
gather聚拢：accumulate
amass assemble congregate garner glean muster
rally(为反对或支持而召集)
group群组：battalion bevy
cluster drove flock swarm throng
combination集合：assortment medley mosaic（马赛克）
motley(五花八门：形
容词也可以)
a lot of a great many
of= manifold 许多 – abundant ample(充足)
copious(大
量的) fraught with replete with
numerous innumerable(不计其数) myriad 很
多 a
multitude of multitudes of a myriad of 无数的人们
limitless无限的 a
deluge of beaucoup <法> adj.非常多的
(很多同学都喜欢用~a lot of~a great number of~这里注意:nume
rous这里表达的不
是无数很多那样~之表示一般的多~这一点从G猫老外改得一篇文章可以看到)
large quantity: 大量：avalanchea spate
of(比喻意大量的某物) exodus大量流出
大量流入influx
multitude大量 plethora 比喻意：大量 profusion 丰富，繁多
拥有大量：boast abound a deluge of(被大量的某物所淹没)
teem-vi: teem in到
处
散开：spread- dispel(驱散)
disperse-vi&vt disseminate
稀少的：scarce meager
scant scanty skimpy sparse dearth
节俭的：frugal
thrifty miserly吝啬的
富裕的：rich-
affluent，affluent society 富足社会 lavish luxurious
opulent
sumptuous奢侈的豪华的 palatial
浪费的：improvident无远见的 prodigal
son（浪荡子）=improvident profligate
贫困的：poor=
destitute impoverished impecunious indigent (形容人)
四
困难的：difficult= arduous strenuous
daunting formidable exacting
insuperable
impassable-~ gulf无法逾越的鸿沟
onerous繁重的（issue中大量存在
困难的表达）
困境：(陷入困难的处境就是困难)difficult situations= deadlock
impasse
stalemate dilemma predicament quandary
mire泥沼 morass swamp
quagmire standstill停止，僵局
labyrinth迷宫-a ~ of relationship
错综复杂的关系
(很好的比喻的说法~可以说什么问题把我们陷入了一个迷宫~僵局等~)
陷入：reduce get bogged down plunge into
复杂的：complicated intricate
complex(这里介绍一个很好的押韵的方法：complex
and perplexed
complicate and intricate or sophisticated用在表达困难的地方
可以
显示出词汇的完善更能有一种押运修辞的效果~读起来琅琅上口)
复杂的事情：imbroglio mesh tangle labyrinth迷宫= maze
卷入复杂的境地：involve= embroil ensnare诱入陷阱 entangle
从复杂境地脱身：escape= extricate
难以理解：abstruse
recondite intricate arcane只有少数人可以理解=esoteric
cryptic 简短却令人迷惑 enigmatic 谜一般的 enigma 形容词形式
inexplicable无法
解释 inscrutable无法捉摸=unfathomable
mysterious supernatural mystical
extraterrestrial
(这里的词很多都表示 难以理解~
很多题目学习类~教育类~社会类~历史类~艺术类~只
要表示某某问题把我们难倒了都可以用)
迷mystery-puzzle= enigma conundrum
riddle迷宫labyrinth maze
令人迷惑：puzzle = baffle
befuddle bewilder confound mystify perplex
令人沮丧：depressed= with depression frustrating
daunting令人畏惧的 dismal
使可以理解：clarify= elucidate
enlighten启迪教化 explicate阐明 expound
onupon
illuminate照亮说清楚
可以理解的：intelligible = explicit
lucid
阻碍：hindrance-noun.= fetter shackle
trammel枷锁桎梏 onus负担重任
阻碍：动词hamper =
encumber造成负担 foil stymie thwart阻碍或者挫败工作完
成
handicap hinder impede retard
压制：smother
stifle 令人窒息，压制约束 suppress pin down
协助促进：aid =
facilitate foster nurture buttress
五
著名的：famous = celebrated renowned reputed
distinguished illustrious
prestigious
outstanding distinctive eminent notable noticeable
striking
remarkable preeminent
be famous
for = take pride in
elite= meritocrat
(meritocracy n.知识界精华)(用上的话超级有文采~嘻嘻)
有特色：feature = savor 因为什么而闻名可用famous一系列
臭名昭著：disreputable = infamous notorious
nefarious因为极坏而臭名昭著
好的名声：reputation = esteem
prestige
坏的名声：disgrace disrepute ignominy
infamy odium opprobrium stigma 不
好的声誉，耻辱。
尊重 noun.：respect = reverence veneration homage
高尚的：noble = rarefied sublime lofty
不尊重
名次：disrespect = scorn蔑视
招人轻视的：contemptible =
despicable
尊重：动词idolize worship lionize
对待名人一样的崇拜 revere敬爱，敬畏
不尊重：动词 disrespect deride
scoff嘲笑 despise disdain slight snub
赞扬：名次praise= accolade赞美，奖项 approbation
encomium eulogy
panegyric plaudit tribute
tribute用来表示赞美的行为或者发言
赞美：动词praise = acclaim
applaud hail欢呼 commend extol
laud高度的，
常常带有美化成分的赞美
应该受到谴责的：形容词reprehensible
谴责：condemn=
censure denounce reprimand decry deprecate
deplore叹
惋 lament 叹惋 remonstrate争辩，申辩
责备：admonish reproach reprove温和的责备
严厉责备：动词
berate castigate chastise chide excoriate inveigh
rail revile
upbraid
令人讨厌的事物：名次 anathema
谩骂的：abusive vituperative
六
有害的事物：harmful things=
contagion传染病瘟疫
epidemic pandemic也有流行的意思pestilence plague
疾病：malady 瘴气：miasma比喻意为有害的气氛或者影响 灾患：scourge
不再害怕看到世界中心深处的毒气：unafraid to look deep into the
miasma at the
heart of the world.
有害的：harmful = deleterious detrimental noxious
toxic virulent monstrous
murderous
邪恶的：evil devil= cruel crude brutal wicked
vicious malicious atrocious
virulent venomous
sinister hafarious vicious pernicious destructive
detrimental
致命的：fatal lethal前两个并非贬义
pernicious极其有害的
有益的：形容词：hygienic sanitary
广义的卫生的 salutarywholesome有益身心的
有害的事物: bane致命的毒药
blight植物的枯萎病
损害：harm = blemish deface
disfigure eviscerate impair减损main mutilate
毁伤肢体
marspoil破坏 demolish拆毁，推翻（观点）
有益的事物：antidote
解毒药 remedy药物：纠错 panacea 万能良药 elixir
炼金药，
万能药(有贬义含义) boon赐福blessing tonic 补药
改善：improve = ameliorate amend 对法律的修改 rectify
redress
毁坏，毁灭：destroy annihilate彻底消灭
exterminate终结 eliminate eradicate
根除 decimate
demolish dismantle raze 彻底摧毁夷为平地 devastate
ravage wreck遭受重创，严重破坏 obliterate擦去 pulverize
磨成粉末状 subvert
颠覆
可怕的：awful = horrible
terrible tragic wretched dire
复苏，复兴
动词：revive= rejuvenate resurrect resuscitate revive
动荡的，混乱的 形容词：tumultuous turbulent
混乱：名词：chaos confusion disorder mayhem
disarray havoc大面积的破坏
-混乱 pandemonium
撒旦居住的地方，比喻嘈杂，混乱的地方 shambles废墟 turmoil
混乱，动荡
upheaval突发的巨变
灾难：calamity cataclysm
catastrophe
危险 名词：danger hazard peril
危险的：hazardous perilous precarious treacherous
危及：动词 endanger compromise imperil jeopardize
保护：protect = safeguard
表示进步,提高的动词:
improve ameliorate better develop remedy
revise enhance enrich upgrade
refine
重要,关键:
important significant
consequential momentous considerable essential
valuable distinctive great weighty major
serious grave vital capital
substantial
material; 稍微扯得远一点的还有conspicuous striking prominent
杰出的
eminent卓越的显著的； noticeable
正确的,无误的:
correct rectify-纠正改正 accurate
precise proper undistorted-未被曲解的 right
impeccable-无可挑剔的，无瑕疵的
增长和减少(这个超级常用!)
增长：extend magnify amplify aggrandize intensify
enhance prolong-时间范围方面的延长
减少：reduce curtail
lessen-大小数量范围程度 dwindle-逐步减小
increase rise
extend magnify decrease reduce fall amplify
aggrandize
elongate intensify enhance prolong
strengthen curtail shrink terminate
lessen
abate raise boost intense(intensify) expand
augment enlarge diminish
dwindle（swindle是诈骗的意思） slump
和证明相关的:
justify warrant assert claim contend-声称主张
argue validate-验证 substantiate verify
accuse
assign indict allege-断言 affirm
论题:
statement claim declaration assertion opinion
belief view conviction
persuasion
要求
request demand needs requisition
撤销
to cancel; to revoke; to countermand; [Law] to
rescind; to quash
建立
to build up; to
establish; to set up; to found; to take root; to
strike
root
消除
to eliminate; to
clear; to remove; to clear up; to take away; to
smooth
away
推理
1.[Logic] inference;
reasoning; deduction; ratiocination
reason
put two and two together
相应
ponding; relevant; relative; fitting;
appropriate
ingly; correspondingly; by the
same token; in a corresponding way
correspond to; to act in responses; to work in
concert with; to
support each other
导致
lead to; bring about (or on); to result in;
to cause; spark off;
conduce to; to procure;
to induce; to generate
后果
a consequence;
an aftermath; an outcome
检查
to inspect;
to check; to examine; to look over; to put to the
test; to keep
a check on
发（奖品）
prize reward award grant assign
confer(on) honor fame credit contribution
acknowledgement recognition
表示程度的副词
very strikingly-引人注目地，突出地，惊人地 greatly highly
insatiably=贪得无厌地，不知
足地 exceedingly-非常极其
dreadfully-可怕地，糟糕地，非常 remarkably-非凡地显著地
drastically-激烈地彻底地 dramatically
足够
sufficient adequate enough
剩下几个也是常用的
present justify practicable hence consequently
examination
accountable responsible
twist and turn 迂回曲折
might and main 尽全力 do
sth. with ~
part and parcel 重要部分
safe and
sound 安然无恙
spick and span 崭新的，极干净的
time
and tide 岁月，时光
go to rack and ruin 陷于毁灭
slow and sure 慢而稳，稳妥
hale and hearty 老当益壮
chop and change 变幻莫测（尤指观点,计划等）
fair and
foul 在任何情况下 through ~
weal and woe 福祸
sum
and subs tance 主要情况，要点（尤指讲话的主要部分）
forgive and
forget 不念旧恶
wax and wane （月的）盈亏圆缺；盛衰
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inferno 地狱，可与幸福生活形成强烈对比
the inferno of war
inky 用于个人在生活上或科研道路上的迷茫
the inky darkness of one’s
pursuit of own
destiny
promulgate 公布，颁布法令，新法律 promulgate
a belief, and idea, a theory,
etc
the promulgation of a treaty
latency
如作者主张尚未表现出的危险或其主张的长远作用 latent---latent
ability , a latent infection after a
careful examination, it is no need to go
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too far to sense that the
author’s claim underlies a latency of peril to
both
personal and even societal degree. lurks
a latency of profound implication.
Connotation
内涵，言外之意――― Hollywood always holds connotation of
romance and glittering success. 贬义词
derogatory connotation
Motivate ignite
用于深究心理方面深层的原因，或者内因 be motivated by
greed,
fear, love a teacher who can motive her
pupils
Nectar 在描写艺术方面的享受时有用，甘露，
Emulate 仿效，主要用于名人的作用 emulative 好胜的
责任
obligation , responsibility, liability
重要
paramount the reduction of unemployment should
be paramount in the
government’s economic
policy
Ponder 1 深思 pondering on the meaning
of life
Delve in into 探索，钻研，起源 a writer
delving in medieval French literature
delve into the origins of the custom
Blood
根源 of the same blood
演绎推理 deduce 追溯源头
Augment 增加提高 continuing rains augment the
flood waters.
混乱 turmoil uproar
pandemonium chaos
the country
was in a turmoil during the strike. There was
uproar over the tax
increases. Left in a
state of chaos
Rote learning 死记硬背的方法
Reminisce 缅怀美好的往事 reminiscence 怀旧
reminiscence of my youth
Halcyon 太平盛世
halcyon times the halcyon days of youth
Quietude 平静寂静 equability 平和宁静
Equanimity
镇静 she maintained her equanimity throughout
her long ordeal.
Impassivity 泰然自若
Equilibrium 平衡均势 disturb the equilibrium of
the chains of natural
environment.
Balance
-----try to achieve a better balance between work
and play.
This newspaper maintains a
good balance in its presentation of different
opinions.
Placidity 平静 the placidity of
his temperament
Deformity
畸形，用于形容教育中重视一方面忽视另一方面
Lapse 小错失足 a lapse
from grace 失宠 lapse into 陷入 lapse back
into bad habits lapse into a coma
时间流逝 after a lapse of
several decades
Peccadillo 小过失 guilty of some mild peccadillo
Falsity 谬误错误
Menace 威胁，危害 nuclear
weapons are a menace to world peace
Jeopardize 破坏危害 jeopardous
Imperil
危害 the security of the country had been
imperiled
Transient 转瞬即失的 transient
success transience transient years
is
not enough to make the conclusion
Ephemeral
短暂的 ephemeral pleasure
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Permanent permanence permanency
Angle 角度 try looking at the affair from
a different angle
Facet 方面角度 there are
many facets to this question
Dissimilitude
不同不同之处
表示实用的功利的 utilitarian-功利的 function
pragmatic-实用的
utilitarianism pragmatism
神话（用于艺术类的issue 中） mythology 神化 apotheosis
apotheosize
寓言 allegory fable 圣歌
psalm anthem hymn 亵渎的 profane
圣乐和俗乐
scared and profane music 神灵saint
Didactic
教诲的，说教的 教诲 edification inculcate
Elicit
诱出
表示竞争极其后果的词 良性竞争 good-natures rivalry
；恶性竞争、循环
vicious circle ； 憎恨 antipathy
Salvation 拯救（描写精神，崇高事业时）redemption
Mundane
世俗的
Ethnocentrism 民主优越感 racialism racism
种族主义 nationalism
民族主义 chauvinism 沙文主义
patriotism patriotic 爱国主义
Ingrained 根深蒂固的
注定 predestine destine foreordain
Populace 平民
描写文化差异 相同的词语 cultural
shock 设身处地的vicarious
vicariously
vicarious pleasure, satisfaction be
acclimatized to
assimilation cultural
homogenization 文化适应 acculturation
Emblem
象征 the dove is an emblem of peace
修辞手法
metaphor-隐喻 onomatopoeia rhetoric
Crusade （为争取好的或反对坏的事物的）斗争或运动 a crusade
against
corruption
Transatlantic
大西洋彼岸的，横越大西洋的 transatlantic flight, voyage,
telephone call a transatlantic trade
agreement
Tottering 蹒跚的
Recidivism 累犯
Space crunch 空间紧缩 crunch
表示渠道的词
channel vehicle
Melancholy 忧郁
Epithet
绰号
Pernicious 有害的
Proclivity 倾向
家谱
genealogy pedigree
政府行为 stipulation of a
poverty line