美国文学考试试题详解及笔记整理
新学期新希望-陕西高校名单
’s Washington Irving’s main contribution to
American Literature?
华盛顿·欧文对美国文学的主要贡献
Washington Irving’s contribution to American
literature is unique in
more way than one. He
did a number of things which have been
regarded as the first of their kind in
America. He was the first Am
erican writer of
imaginative literature to gain international
fame:whe
n he returned home in 1832, he was
acclaimed as(被誉为) the one
American author whom
people in Europe knew about, and the Am
ericans
took as a sign that American literature was
emerging as an
independent entity（形成一个独立的实体）.
To say that he was fa
ther of American
literature is not much exaggeration（夸大）. The
short story as a genre（风格） in American
literature probably bega
n with Irving’s the
sketch book（见闻札记 ）, a collection of essay
s,
sketches（草图）, and tales, of which the most famous
and frequ
ently anthologized are “Rip Van
Winkle”and “The Legend of Sleep
y Hollow”. The
book touched the American imagination and
fore
shadowed（预示） the coming of Hawthorne霍桑,
Melville,梅尔维尔,
and Poe爱伦·坡, in whose hands the
short story attained a degree
of perfection as
literary tradition. It also marked the beginning
of
Amercian Romanticism.
is
Nathaniel Hawthorne’s writing style?
纳撒尼尔·霍桑的写作风格
Hawthorne’s vocabulary
was wide and well-controlled. Writing is at the
formal level. He chose his words with a sharp
sense of precise meaning
and a keen ear for
pleasant sound. His style is also noteworthy for
his
frequent use of images. Metaphors and
similes abound, most of them
stirringly fresh
and effective, he makes skillful use of colors as
a means
for conveying mood. His style is soft,
flowing and almost feminine. His
language is
smooth, clear, beautiful in sound and meaning. He
also
frequently uses symbols and settings to
reveal the psychology of the
characters.
a brief comment on symbolism in the
novel Moby Dick.
(Herman Melville赫尔曼·麦尔维尔)
对《白鲸记》中的象征主义做出一个简短的评论
There is symbolism
in the book. The Voyage itself is a metaphor for
and discovery, the search for the ultimate
truth of experience.
The Pequod is the ship of
the American soul, and the endeavor of its crew
represents
By far the most conspicuous
symbol in the book is, of course, Moby Dick.
The white whale is capable of many
interpretations. It is a symbol of evil
to
some, readers of goodness to others, and of both
to still others. He is
benign and malevolent,
nourishing and destructive,
brutal,
monolithic, but at the same time protean,
erotically
beautiful, infinitely whiteness is
a paradoxical color, too,
signifying as it
does death and corruption as well as purity,
innocence,
and youth. It represents the final
mystery of the universe which man will
do well
to desist from pursuing. As Ahab and his crew do
not leave it
alone, it is only natural that
they get drowned.
a brief introduction
about Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
对《汤姆叔叔的小屋》做出一个简短的介绍
The book opens with a Kentucky farmer named
Arthur Shelby facing the
loss of his farm
because of debts. Even though he and his wife,
Emily
Shelby, believe that they have a
benevolent relationship with their slaves,
Shelby decides to raise the needed funds by
selling two of them—Uncle
Tom, a middle-aged
man with a wife and children, and Harry, the son
of
Emily Shelby’s maid Eliza—to a slave
trader. Emily Shelby hates the idea
of doing
this because she had promised her maid that her
child would
never be sold; Emily's son, George
Shelby, hates to see Tom go because
he sees
the man as his friend and mentor.
When Eliza
overhears Mr. and Mrs. Shelby discussing plans to
sell Tom
and Harry, Eliza determines to run
away with her son. The novel states
that Eliza
made this decision because she fears losing her
only surviving
child (she had already
miscarried two children). Eliza departs that
night,
leaving a note of apology to her
mistress.
While all of this is happening,
Uncle Tom is sold and placed on a
riverboat,
which sets sail down the Mississippi River. While
on board,
Tom meets and befriends a young
white girl named Eva. When Eva falls
into the
river, Tom saves her. In gratitude, Eva's father,
Augustine St.
Clare, buys Tom from the slave
trader and takes him with the family to
their
home in New Orleans. During this time, Tom and Eva
begin to relate
to one another because of the
deep Christian faith they both share.
During
Eliza's escape, she meets up with her husband
George Harris, who
had run away previously.
They decide to attempt to reach Canada.
However, they are now being tracked by a slave
hunter named Tom Loker.
Eventually Loker and
his men trap Eliza and her family, causing George
to shoot Loker. Worried that Loker may die,
Eliza convinces George to
bring the slave
hunter to a nearby Quaker settlement for medical
treatment.
While all of this is happening,
Uncle Tom is sold and placed on a
riverboat,
which sets sail down the Mississippi River. While
on board,
Tom meets and befriends a young
white girl named Eva. When Eva falls
into the
river, Tom saves her. In gratitude, Eva's father,
Augustine St.
Clare, buys Tom from the slave
trader and takes him with the family to
their
home in New Orleans. During this time, Tom and Eva
begin to relate
to one another because of the
deep Christian faith they both share.
During Eliza's escape, she meets up
with her husband George Harris, who
had run
away previously. They decide to attempt to reach
Canada.
However, they are now being tracked by
a slave hunter named Tom Loker.
Eventually
Loker and his men trap Eliza and her family,
causing George
to shoot Loker. Worried that
Loker may die, Eliza convinces George to
bring
the slave hunter to a nearby Quaker settlement for
medical
treatment.
Back in New Orleans,
St. Clare debates slavery with his Northern cousin
Ophelia who, while opposing slavery, is
prejudiced against black people.
St. Clare,
however, believes he is not biased, even though he
is a slave
owner. In an attempt to show
Ophelia that her views on blacks are wrong,
St. Clare purchases Topsy, a young black
slave. St. Clare then asks
Ophelia to educate
her.
After Tom has lived with the St. Clares
for two years, Eva grows very ill.
Before she
dies she experiences a vision of heaven, which she
shares with
the people around her. As a result
of her death and vision, the other
characters
resolve to change their lives, with Ophelia
promising to throw
off her personal prejudices
against blacks, Topsy saying she will better
herself, and St. Clare pledging to free Uncle
Tom.
Before St. Clare can follow through on
his pledge, however, he dies after
being
stabbed while entering a New Orleans tavern. His
wife reneges on
her late husband's vow and
sells Tom at auction to a vicious plantation
owner named Simon Legree. Legree (a
transplanted northerner) takes
Tom to rural
Louisiana, where Tom meets Legree's other slaves,
including
Emmeline (whom Legree purchased at
the same time).
Legree begins to hate Tom when
Tom refuses Legree's order to whip his
fellow
slave. Legree beats Tom viciously, and resolves to
crush his new
slave's faith in God. Despite
Legree's cruelty, however, Tom refuses to
stop
reading his Bible and comforting the other slaves
as best he can.
While at the plantation, Tom
meets Cassy, another of Legree's slaves.
Cassy
was previously separated from her son and daughter
when they
were sold; unable to endure the pain
of seeing another child sold, she
killed her
third child.
At this point Tom Loker returns
to the story. Loker has changed as the
result
of being healed by the Quakers. George, Eliza, and
Harry have also
obtained their freedom after
crossing into Canada. In Louisiana, Uncle
Tom
almost succumbs to hopelessness, as his faith in
God is tested by the
hardships of the
plantation. However, he has two visions, one of
Jesus
and one of Eva, which renew his resolve
to remain a faithful Christian,
even unto
death. He encourages Cassy to escape, which she
does, taking
Emmeline with her. When Tom
refuses to tell Legree where Cassy and
Emmeline have gone, Legree orders his
overseers to kill Tom. As Tom is
dying, he
forgives the overseers who savagely beat him.
Humbled by the
character of the man they have
killed, both men become Christians. Very
shortly before Tom's death, George
Shelby (Arthur Shelby's son) arrives
to buy
Tom’s freedom, but finds he is too late.
On
their boat ride to freedom, Cassy and Emmeline
meet George Harris'
sister and accompany her
to Canada. Once there, Cassy discovers that
Eliza is her long-lost daughter who was sold
as a child. Now that their
family is together
again, they travel to France and eventually
Liberia, the
African nation created for former
American slaves. There they meet
Cassy's long-
lost son. George Shelby returns to the Kentucky
farm and
frees all his slaves. George tells
them to remember Tom's sacrifice and his
belief in the true meaning of Christianity.
Brief Introduction
This book is about the
early nineteenth century, Kentucky's farmer
Shelby’s failed business, was forced to sell
slaves to repay debts with
Tom and little
Harry. George Harris, his wife Eliza and his son
Harry
were fleeing to Northern Canada, twists
and turns, and finally safely met
each other
and lived a truly free people’s lives. Honest,
sincere Uncle
Tom got a new owner St· Clare
and his daughter Eva’s love, but
unfortunately
Eva was ill and died, and Mr. Clare was killed
when he was
going to give free to Uncle Tom.
Uncle Tom died from abusing and
beating by the
devil incarnate of the farmer Legree.•
ing to Henry James’s viewpoint, what’s the
conflict between the
American
personalities and European personalities?
根据亨利·詹姆斯的观点，在美国现实主义和欧洲现实主义之间有什
么冲突？
He saw that Europeans were often regarded as over-
refined过度
细致的, degenerate堕落的, and artificial虚伪的
by Americans, and
that Americans were
considered native土著的, vulgar粗俗的, and
i
gnorant无知的 by many Europeans. The
misunderstanding caused p
ersonality
conflicts性格冲突, and even where the two races found
e
ach other agreeable 令人愉快的 and the national
difference provide
d an opportunity for
contrast of character相反的性格. The typical
American in a James’ novel is fresh,
enthusiastic and perhaps as cu
ltured as he
might be, but eager to learn and basically “good”
in s
pite of his disregard忽视 of the outworn
conventions陈腐的约定 an
d social graces社交礼仪 of
Europe. The European, on the other ha
nd, is
highly cultivated, urban, sometimes boring, but
always correc
t.
’s the difference
between Henry Jame’s realism and Mark Twain’s
realism?
亨利·詹姆斯的现实主义和马克·吐温的现实主义有什么不同？
In thematic terms(在主题上), James wrote mostly of
the upper reaches of
American society, whereas
Mark Twain dealt largely with the lower
strata(阶层) of society.
Technically(在技术上), James pursued the
Psychological realism, but Twain’s
contribution to the development of
realism was
partly through local colorism(地方色彩) and
colloquial(口语
的) style. James believed that
reality lies in the impressions(印象) made
by
life on the spectator(旁观者), and not in any facts
of which the
spectator is unaware. He shifted
the ground of realistic art from the outer
to
the inner world. Mark Twain preferred to represent
social life through
portraits of local places
that he knew best.
are the
characteristics of ’s writing?
欧亨利的写作特点是什么？
His stories are usually short. The plots are
exceedingly clever and
interesting, humor
abounds, and the end is always surprising. Often
there
are two endings: first an unexpected
ending, then another, which is quite
a
different one and a still better surprise. Many of
his stories contain a
great deal of slang and
colloquial expressions that make them hard to be
understood by people outside of America. Such
forms of speech are used
to give what is
called local color, to make the stories fit in
with the
characters and scenes described. His
own speech, both spoken and written,
was
always chaste and clear.
a brief
introduction about The Great Gatsby.
对伟大的盖茨比做出一个简要的介绍(
Fitzgerald弗朗西斯·斯
科特·菲茨杰拉德 )
The Great
Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author
F.
Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of
characters living in the fictional
town of
West Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer
of 1922. The
story primarily concerns the
young and mysterious millionaire Jay
Gatsby
and his quixotic passion and obsession for the
beautiful former
debutante Daisy Buchanan.
Considered to be Fitzgerald's magnum
opus, The
Great Gatsby explores themes of decadence,
idealism,
resistance to change, social
upheaval, and excess, creating a portrait of
the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties that has
been described as a
cautionary tale regarding
the American Dream.
The Great Gatsby is the
single most profound commentary in
American
fiction on American Dream. The novel deals
symbolically with
the frustration and despair
resulting from the failure of the American
dream. It is a story of an idealist who tries
to recapture his lost love but in
vain and is
finally destroyed by the influence of the wealthy
people
around him. Gatsby is the true heir to
the American dream. He fails to
understand
that he cannot recapture the past (his fresh new
love for Daisy)
no matter how much money he
makes. Daisy refuses to leave the security
of
her established position for Gatsby’s adoration
and precarious wealth.
F. Scott Fitzgerald’s
greatness lies in the fact that he found
intuitively
in his personal experience
the embodiment of that of the nation and
created a myth out of American life. Gatsby’s
life follows a clear pattern:
There is, at
first, a dream, then disenchantment, and finally a
sense of
failure and despair. In this,
Gatsby’s personal experience approximates
the
whole of the American experience up to the first
few decades of this
century. America had been
“a fresh, green breast of the new world,” had
“pandered to the last and greatest of all
human dreams” and promised
something like “the
orgiastic future” for humanity.
Now the
virgin forests have vanished and made way for a
modern
civilization, the only fitting symbol
of which is the “valley of ashes,” the
living
hell. Here modern men live in sterility and
meaninglessness and
futility as best
illustrated by Gatsby’s essentially pointless
parties. The
crowds hardly know their host;
many come and go without invitation.
The
music, the laughter, and the faces, all blurred as
one confused mass,
signify the purposelessness
and loneliness of the partygoers beneath their
masks of relaxation and joviality.
The
shallowness of Daisy whose voice is “full of
money”, the restless
wickedness of Tom, the
representative of the egocentric, careless rich,
and Gatsby who is, on the one hand, charmingly
innocent enough to
believe that the past can
be recovered and resurrected, but is on the other
hand, both corrupt and corrupting, tragically
convinced of the power of
money, however it
was made – the behavior of these and other people
like the Wilsons all clearly denote the
vanishing of the great expectation
which the
first settlement of the American continent had
inspired. The
hope is gone; despair and doom
have set in. Thus Gatsby’s personal life
has
assumed a magnitude as a “cultural-historical
allegory” for the nation.
Here, then, lies the
greatest intellectual achievement that F. Scott
Fitzgerald ever achieved.
This novel is
narrated by Nick, is a young bachelor who returns
to the
Midwest before setting to the New York
City. Daisy, the heroine, is
Nick’s second
cousin once removed and Nick knows of her husband,
Tom. With the development of the novel, Nick
knows that his next-door
neighbor, who always
hosting lavish parties of hundreds of peoples, is
the
wealthy Gatsby. Jordon Baker, takes
interests in Nick, reveals that Gatsby
had
fallen in love with Daisy in 1917 as Army
Lieutenant stationed near
Daisy’s hometown.
But Gatsby had no money to married Daisy, so Daisy
married to the wealthy Tom, after that Gatsby
is aiming to be a
millionaire. With few years
of illegal traffic and smuggling, he
accumulates a great amount of wealth. He would
like Nick to arrange a
meeting with Daisy,
Nick agrees. And invite Gatsby and Daisy to his
house, so they begin a love affair again. But
actually, Daisy only treats
this relationship
as an exciting game. Daisy invites Gatsby and Nick
to
her mansion, where Tom finds that Gatsby
loves Daisy. Tom knows
Daisy’s superficial
nature very well and by taking away Daisy’s
financial security, with that Daisy is
now beyond his reach. With the
situation
between them, Daisy runs out of the hotel and
Gatsby follows
her into his car, where she
insists on driving because it will calm her
nerves. But it fells that Daisy knocks down
and kills Myrtle, Tom’s
mistress. Gatsby
absolve Daisy from her guilty to protect her.
After that
Tom talks into Myrtle’s husband to
shoot Gatsby dead. So the magic
bubble of love
and dreams broke up. Despite Nick’s efforts, only
Gatsby’s father, an woman and Nick attends his
funeral. Discussed with
Tom and Daisy, Nick
returns to his hometown, reflecting on Gatsby’s
dreams and cyclical nature of the past.
The Raven. 乌鸦(爱伦·坡著)
? 乌鸦
?
从前一个阴郁的子夜，我独自沉思，慵懒疲竭，
? 沉思许多古怪而离奇、早已被人遗忘的传闻——
? 当我开始打盹，几乎入睡，突然传来一阵轻擂，
?
仿佛有人在轻轻叩击，轻轻叩击我的房门。
? “有人来了，”我轻声嘟喃，“正在叩击我的房门——
? 唯此而已，别无他般。”
? 哦，我清楚地记得那是在萧瑟的十二月；
? 每一团奄奄一息的余烬都形成阴影伏在地板。
?
我当时真盼望翌日；——因为我已经枉费心机
? 想用书来消除悲哀——消除因失去丽诺尔的悲叹——
? 因那被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女，她美丽娇艳——
? 在这儿却默默无闻，直至永远。
? 那柔软、暗淡、飒飒飘动的每一块紫色窗布
?
使我心中充满前所未有的恐怖——我毛骨惊然；
? 为平息我心儿停跳．我站起身反复叨念
? “这是有人想进屋，在叩我的房门——。
? 更深夜半有人想进屋，在叩我的房门；——
? 唯此而已，别无他般。”
? 很快我的心变得坚强；不再犹疑，不再彷徨，
? “先生，”我说，“或夫人，我求你多多包涵；
?
刚才我正睡意昏昏，而你来敲门又那么轻，
? 你来敲门又那么轻，轻轻叩击我的房门，
?
我差点以为没听见你”——说着我拉开门扇；——
? 唯有黑夜，别无他般。
?
凝视着夜色幽幽，我站在门边惊惧良久，
? 疑惑中似乎梦见从前没人敢梦见的梦幻；
? 可那未被打破的寂静，没显示任何迹象。
?
“丽诺尔？”便是我嗫嚅念叨的唯一字眼，
? 我念叨“丽诺尔！”，回声把这名字轻轻送还，
? 唯此而已，别无他般。
? 我转身回到房中，我的整个心烧灼般疼痛，
? 很快我又听到叩击声，比刚才听起来明显。
?
“肯定，”我说，“肯定有什么在我的窗棂；
? 让我瞧瞧是什么在那里，去把那秘密发现——
? 让我的心先镇静一会儿，去把那秘密发现；——
? 那不过是风，别无他般！”
? 我猛然推开窗户，。心儿扑扑直跳就像打鼓，
?
一只神圣往昔的健壮乌鸦慢慢走进我房间；
? 它既没向我致意问候；也没有片刻的停留；
? 而以绅士淑女的风度，栖在我房门的上面——
?
栖在我房门上方一尊帕拉斯半身雕像上面——
? 栖坐在那儿，仅如此这般。
?
于是这只黑鸟把我悲伤的幻觉哄骗成微笑，
? 以它那老成持重一本正经温文尔雅的容颜，
? “虽然冠毛被剪除，”我说，“但你肯定不是懦夫，
?
你这幽灵般可怕的古鸦，漂泊夜的彼岸——
? 请告诉我你尊姓大名，在黑沉沉的冥府阴间！”
? 乌鸦答日“永不复述。”
? 听见如此直率的回答，我惊叹这丑陋的乌鸦，
? 虽说它的回答不着边际——与提问几乎无关；
?
因为我们不得不承认，从来没有活着的世人
? 曾如此有幸地看见一只鸟栖在他房门的面——
? 鸟或兽栖在他房间门上方的半身雕像上面，
? 有这种名字“永不复还。”
? 但那只独栖于肃穆的半身雕像上的乌鸦只说了
?
这一句话，仿佛它倾泻灵魂就用那一个字眼。
? 然后它便一声不吭——也不把它的羽毛拍动——
? 直到我几乎是哺哺自语“其他朋友早已消散——
?
明晨它也将离我而去——如同我的希望已消散。”
? 这时那鸟说“永不复还。”
? 惊异于那死寂漠漠被如此恰当的回话打破，
?
“肯定，”我说，“这句话是它唯一的本钱，
? 从它不幸动主人那儿学未。一连串无情飞灾
? 曾接踵而至，直到它主人的歌中有了这字眼——
?
直到他希望的挽歌中有了这个忧伤的字眼
? ‘永不复还，永不复还。’”
?
但那只乌鸦仍然把我悲伤的幻觉哄骗成微笑，
? 我即刻拖了张软椅到门旁雕像下那只鸟跟前；
? 然后坐在天鹅绒椅垫上，我开始冥思苦想，
?
浮想连着浮想，猜度这不祥的古鸟何出此言——
? 这只狰狞丑陋可怕不吉不祥的古鸟何出此言，
? 为何聒噪‘永不复还。”
? 我坐着猜想那意见但没对那鸟说片语只言。
? 此时，它炯炯发光的眼睛已燃烧进我的心坎；
?
我依然坐在那儿猜度，把我的头靠得很舒服，
? 舒舒服服地靠在那被灯光凝视的天鹅绒衬垫，
? 但被灯光爱慕地凝视着的紫色的天鹅绒衬垫，
? 她将显出，啊，永不复还！
? 接着我想，空气变得稠密，被无形香炉熏香，
?
提香炉的撒拉弗的脚步声响在有簇饰的地板。
? “可怜的人，”我呼叫，“是上帝派天使为你送药，
? 这忘忧药能中止你对失去的丽诺尔的思念；
?
喝吧如吧，忘掉对失去的丽诺尔的思念！”
? 乌鸦说“永不复还。”
? “先知！”我说“凶兆！——仍是先知，不管是鸟还是魔！
?
是不是魔鬼送你，或是暴风雨抛你来到此岸，
? 孤独但毫不气馁，在这片妖惑鬼崇的荒原——
? 在这恐怖萦绕之家——告诉我真话，求你可怜——
?
基列有香膏吗？——告诉我——告诉我，求你可怜！”
? 乌鸦说“永不复还。”
? “先知！”我说，“凶兆！——仍是先知、不管是鸟是魔！
?
凭我们头顶的苍天起誓——凭我们都崇拜的上帝起誓——
?
告诉这充满悲伤的灵魂。它能否在遥远的仙境
? 拥抱被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女，她纤尘不染——
? 拥抱被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女，她美丽娇艳。”
? 乌鸦说“永不复还。”
? “让这话做我们的道别之辞，鸟或魔！”我突然叫道——
?
“回你的暴风雨中去吧，回你黑沉沉的冥府阴间！
? 别留下黑色羽毛作为你的灵魂谎言的象征！
? 留给我完整的孤独！——快从我门上的雕像滚蛋！
?
从我心中带走你的嘴；从我房门带走你的外观！”
? 乌鸦说“永不复还。”
? 那乌鸦并没飞去，它仍然栖息，仍然栖息
?
在房门上方那苍白的帕拉斯半身雕像上面；
? 而它的眼光与正在做梦的魔鬼眼光一模一样，
? 照在它身上的灯光把它的阴影投射在地板；
?
而我的灵魂，会从那团在地板上漂浮的阴暗
? 被擢升么——永不复还！
The
Raven is a narrative poem by American writer Edgar
Allan Poe, first
published in January 1845. It
is often noted for its musicality, stylized
language, and supernatural atmosphere. It
tells of a talking raven's
mysterious visit to
a distraught lover, tracing the man's slow descent
into
madness. The lover, often identified as
being a student, is lamenting the
loss of his
love, Lenore. The raven seems to further instigate
his distress
with its constant repetition of
the word The poem makes
use of a number of
folk and classical references.
A Psalm of
Life《人生礼赞》
Henry Wadsworth
Longfellow亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗
—青年人的心对歌者说的话
不要在伤感的诗句里对我说，
人生不过是一场梦！——
昏睡的灵魂等于是死亡，
事物的真相和外表不同。
人生是真切的！人生是实在的！
它的归宿不是荒坟；
你本是尘土，仍要归于尘土”，
这话说的并不是灵魂。
不是享乐，也不是受苦，
我们命定的目标和道路
而是行动；在每个明天，
都要比今天前进一步。
艺术永恒，时光飞逝，
我们的心，虽然勇敢、坚决，
仍然像闷声的鼓，它正在
伴奏向坟墓送葬的哀乐。
在这世界的辽阔战场上，
在这人生的营帐中，
莫学那听人驱策的哑畜，
要做一个战斗中的英雄！
别只靠将来，不管它多迷人！
让已逝的过去永久埋葬！
行动吧，——趁着现在的时光！
良知在心中，上帝在头上！
伟大的生平昭示我们：
我们能让生活更辉煌！
而当告别人世的时候，
留下脚印在时间的沙上；
也许我们有一个弟兄，
航行在庄严的人生大海；
船只沉没了，绝望的时候，
会看到这脚印而振作起来。
那么，让我们起来干吧，
对任何命运抱英雄气概；
不断地进取，不断的追求，
要学会劳动，学会等待。
Rhythm
rhythm flows flawlessly.(完美无瑕的)
pome does not stray from偏离 that simple
rhythm once.
stanza is four lines long,making
the poem a quatrain四行诗, and
the rhyme scheme
follows the pattern“ABAB,CDCD,EFEF...”,for each of
nine stanzas.（诗的一节）
stanza also has a
recurrent （周期性）rhythm pattern:8syllables
音节, 7
syllables, 8syllables, 7 syllables.
Theme:
Imagery意象 is the sole method of expression in
the poem.
Longfellow paints a picture to allow
readers to see clearly what he is
describing.
The tone of this poem is neither positive nor
negative,but is strictly
tone remains the
same“encouraging”style from beginning to
tension found in the poem is that between life and
death---mortal
body will die,the soul is
exempt from death.
Life is fun but not is a
call to up and act,cause that is
the meaning
of living. We should wake up and notice that we
too can live
the life of to value your
time,and make the now
actions,and make
something of your is your life and yours to
live!And no matter what happened ,try to take
actions,try to learn to labor
and to wait.
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy
Evening《雪夜林畔小驻》
Robert Frost
(1874-1963)
我想我认识树林的主人
他家住在林边的农村；
他不会看见我暂停此地，
欣赏他披上雪装的树林。
我的小马准抱着个疑团：
干嘛停在这儿，不见人烟，
在一年中最黑的晚上，
停在树林和冰湖之间。
它摇了摇颈上的铃铛，
想问问主人有没有弄错。
除此之外唯一的声音
是风飘绒雪轻轻拂过。
树林真可爱，既深又黑，
但我有许多诺言不能违背，
还要赶多少路才能安睡，
还要赶多少路才能安睡。
The poem consists of
four stanzas. Each line is an iambic
pentarmeter. And the rhyme scheme of
the poem is aaba bbcb ccdc
dddd.
The word
“woods” is perhaps the word that appeared most
often in
this poem. The speaker of the poem
seemed in a journey and he
stopped by the
woods in a snowy evening, so we may guess that
“snow” here symbolizes a big trouble which
made the speaker to
stop for a while in the
journey, and “woods” seemed like to be
something like an Elysium for the speaker to
relax himself.
Robert Frost is good at
express complicated meanings by simple
words.
And this poem is no exception. This short poem has
a very
profound sense about life. After
reading the whole poem, we can get
an idea
that the speaker was in a toilsome journey to some
place.
During the course, he met with a big
trouble (the snow). Thus, he
had to stop to
relax for a while. At that time, he saw a house
and
woods. He was fascinated by the woods. But
the horse kept on
reminding him of the
existence of the journey. The speaker finally
went back to the journey in spite of the
attraction of the woods
because he had
“promises to keep”. .
In a Station of the
Metro《在一个地铁车站》
人群中这些脸庞幻影般闪现；
黝湿枝上花瓣数点。
In In a Station of the Metro Pound
attempts to produce the emotion he
felt when
he walked down into a Paris subway station and
suddenly saw a
number of faces in the dim
light. To capture the emotion, Pound uses the
image of petals on a wet, black bough. The
image is not decoration: It is
central to the
poem’s meaning. In fact, it is the poem’s meaning.
In this
brief poem, Pound uses the fewest
possible words to convey an accurate
image,
according to the principles of the “Imagists”. He
tries to render
exactly his observation of
human faces seen in an underground railway
station. He sees the faces, turned variously
toward light and darkness, like
flower petals
which are half absorbed by, half resisting, the
wet, dark
texture of a bough.
The
word “apparition”, with its double meaning, binds
the two
aspects of the observation together:
1) apparition meaning “appearance”, in the
sense of something
which appears, or shows up;
something which can be clearly
observed.
2) apparition meaning something which seems real
but perhaps is not
real; something ghostly
which cannot be clearly observed.