英文读后感-优秀教师工作总结

考研英语二（阅读）模拟试卷19
(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below
each text by choosing A, B, C or D.(总题数：4，分数：40.00)
While U.S. companies are worrying about how to recruit talent from abroad in the face of
increasingly rigorous immigration rules, a different and far more significant challenge is quietly
building. When young knowledge workers look for a job today, they seriously consider companies
half a world away. Homegrown American talent is moving abroad, in what could become a huge shift
in the world economic order. Early warning signs abound. Look at Singapore's success in recruiting
top U.S. academics to its universities and research centers: It lured the world's leading
seismologist (a geologist who studies earthquakes and the mechanical characteristics of the Earth)
away from the California Institute of Technology and the number two scientist at the National
Institutes of Health away from that organization. Silicon Valley expatriates have been moving
to China in a small but steady stream. Farmers from the Midwest are using their high-tech methods
to make a new start in Brazil, where real estate is cheap. The United States' current economic
woes are accelerating this trend. The trickle that has started at the top will become a flood
as mid-career executives look for new opportunities abroad. Of course, even the best manager will
struggle if he or she doesn't speak the local language. But one can get by in India with English
only, and Spanish is relatively easy to learn. Moreover, when the children of today's expatriates
enter the workforce, they'll reap a huge advantage from knowing the second language—Chinese,
Portuguese, Hindi—they learned to speak at home as youngsters. More and more parents are
discovering that a multilingual education can help in guaranteeing lifelong employ ability for
their offspring. Government policy will be crucial in determining how well U.S. companies respond
to the increasing outflow of American talent. Lawmakers must not resort to knowledge
protectionism—for instance, by requiring people who attend state-funded universities to spend
a certain amount of their working life in the United States. Rather, they must ensure that America
remains the most favorable place for high-tech enterprises and continues to attract foreign
students to its universities and foreign workers to its companies. The U.S. monopoly on
leading-edge opportunities is at an end. The world's best and brightest no longer assume that
their future lies exclusively in the United States, and America's best are coming to a-gree: Their
path to a dream career may well lead them overseas.（分数：10.00）
(1).It can be learned from the first two paragraphs that .（分数：2.00）
immigration rules in America have loosened up
an talent is shifting the world economic order
ore has replaced US to be the ideal country for scientists
have been many signs of American talent moving abroad √
解析：解析 ：根据题干定位到文章前两段。第一段③句提出全文的主题，即美国本土人才选择国外就业的
现象。第二 段列举一些先兆，再次表明大量美国优秀人才被其他国家挖走的事实。D项是正确答案。
(2).The author holds that an increasing number of Americans move abroad mainly because of_____.
（分数：2.00）
opportunities abroad
linguistic advantages
ic economic recession √
ng employment security

解析：解析：文章开头两段概述美国人才外流的现象，第三段分析造成这一现象的原因，该段首句提到，
美国的经济困境(economic woes)加速了其人才外流的趋势，因此可推断，经济的不景气是美国 人才外流的
一个原因，C项正确。
(3).According to Paragraph 4, knowledge protectionism is characterized by being _____.（分数：
2.00）
al
sory √
itive
ling
解析：解析：根据题干可定位到第四段。knowledge pr otectionism出现在该段②句，指“知识保护主义”。
该句破折号后的内容举例说明了何为“ 知识保护主义”，即强制从公立大学毕业的人必须在美国工作一定
时间，据此可判断B项“强制性”是“ 知识保护主义”的特点。
(4).To deal with the outflow of American talent, the United States government should _____.
（分数：2.00）
n up its immigration rules
knowledge protectionism
America an ideal place for high-tech companies √
lize leading-edge opportunities
解析：解析：根据题干中的the outflow of American talent可定位到 第四段，该段正是在讨论解决人才
外流问题的办法。①句是中心句，明确提到了政府政策对于应对人才外 流问题的关键性作用(crucial in
determining…)，②句则用反例提出一个不 良的做法，③句提出真正的建议，即维持美国最有利于高科技
企业发展的这一地位，并继续吸引外国学生 及工人到美国来，C项所述与该句第一点对应，故为本题答案。
(5).Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?（分数：2.00）
y and American Immigration
B.A Looming American Talent's Outflow √
Alerting Reverse in Immigration
an Immigration Past and Present
解析：解析：本文讨论了美国人才外流 的现象及其原因，并提出相应的对策。第一段先指出美国本土人才
不断流向外国的现象；第二段以例证显 示美国人才外流的事实；第三段分析造成这一现象的原因：第四段
提出应对人才外流的关键在于政府政策 ；最后一段谈及美国结束了对领先优势机遇的垄断，并借此现状表
达出美国人才外流问题的重要性。B项 很好地概括了全文的主旨。
Nearly all cultures have a version of the arrow of time, a process by which they move towards
the future and away from the past. According to a paper to be published in Psychological Science
this has an interesting psychological effect. A group of researchers, led by Eugene Caruso of
the University of Chicago, found that people judge the distance of events differently, depending
on whether they are in the past or future. The paper calls this the
In physics, the Doppler effect describes the way that waves change frequency depending on whether
their source is traveling towards or away from you. Mr Caruso argues that something similar happens
with people's perception of time. Because future events are associated with diminishing distance,
while those in the past are thought of as receding, something happening in one month feels
psychologically closer than something that happened a month ago. This idea was tested in a series
of experiments. In one, researchers asked 323 volunteers and divided them into two groups. A week
before Valentine's day, members of the first were asked how they planned to celebrate it. A week
after February 14th the second group reported how they had celebrated it. Both groups also had
to describe how near the day felt on a scale of one to seven. Those describing forthcoming plans
were more likely to report it as feeling
experienced it tended to cluster at the
the risk that recalling actual events requires different cognitive functions than imagining ones
that have not yet happened, they also asked participants to rate the distance of hypothetical

events a month in the past or future. The asymmetry remained. Interestingly, the effect can be
reversed by manipulating time's arrow. In another experiment, participants were plugged into a
virtual reality machine, with some moving forwards along a tree-lined street others backwards.
Those who were moving backwards reported that past events began to feel closer. Mr Caruso
speculates that his research has implications for psychological well-being. He suspects that
people who do not show this bias—those who feel the past as being closer—might be more subject
to depression, because they are more likely to dwell on past events. There may also be lessons
for politicians and business leaders. Talking of future plans may be more effective than boasting
about past successes.
you done for me lately,（分数：10.00）
(1).According to Paragraph 1, the arrow of time may have an impact on _____.（分数：2.00）
process of almost all cultures when moving forward
's judge of the distance of certain events √
's comprehension of events in the future
's memory of things happened in the past
解析：解析：根据题干可直接定位到第一段。该段①句首先提出arrow of time的概念，并 在②句指出这
(this)会产生有趣的心理效应，最后一句则借研究的结论指出具体的心理效应：人们 对事件距离的判断，
往往取决于该事件发生在过去还是未来(judge the distance…depending on…)，即①句中的arrow of time
产生了③句中的现象，故可推知，arrow of time会影响人们对事件距离的判断，B项所述与此一致，故为
本题答案。
(2).Doppler effect illustrates that waves change frequency based on _____.（分数：2.00）
different direction of waves source from observer √
diminishing distance when waves moving closer
perception of people when facing the waves
diminishing gap between waves source and people
解析：解析：根据题干中的关键词Doppler effect可定位到第二 段。该段②句从物理学的角度阐释了多普
勒效应的原理和含义，本题题干中的based on“基于”与句中的depending on“取决于”相对应，答案就
在depending on之后由whether引导的从句里，“波源朝向你或是离你而去的方向(traveling towards or
away from you)”，A项正是对该内容的概括，故为本题答案。
(3).According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is true of the experiments?（分数：2.00）
s of the second group have generally forgotten the details about Valentine's day.
s of the first group show better sense of time than those of the second group.
s of the second group present worse abilities in cognition and imagination.
s of the first group are likely to report at the opposite end of the scale to the second
group. √
解析：解析：根据题干可直接定位到第三段 。该段介绍了科研人员的实验。在实验过程中，人们要对同样
远近的一周按照1～7的范围标注不同程度 的距离感。该段⑥句用while引导的并列句，表明两组人之间的
对比：第一组人认为是“a short time from now”；第二组人认为是“a long time from now”。两组人
的观点形成很大的反差，由此可知两组的距离值应当是相反的两端，因此D项正确。
(4).It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that _____.（分数：2.00）
al Doppler effect can be altered through particular manipulation √
feel closer to past events when they are moving backwards
in a virtual world can people reverse the Temporal Doppler effect
arrow of time can be reversed by the Temporal Doppler effect
解析：解析：根据题干定位到第四段。该段开头即提出本段大意：可以通过操纵时间之箭 来逆转这一效应
(the effect…time’s arrow)，此处的effect指代上文提到的Temporal Doppler effect，A项与此相符。
(5).Caruso would most probably agree that_____.（分数：2.00）
cians and business leaders should avoid boasting about past achievements
who immerse in the past are more vulnerable to depression √

usually only care what can be served for them in the future
logical well-being is dependent on people's attitude towards past and future
解析：解 析：根据顺序出题的原则可定位到末段。该段①句提到关于“时间距离感”的研究对心理健康有
启示意义 。②句提到对过去事件距离感更近的人更容易陷入沮丧，B项的are more vulnerable to
depression对应原文该句的more subject to depression，B项为本题答案。
When two drunken men fight over a woman, alcohol and stupidity may not be the only things at work.
Sadly, evolution may have shaped men to behave this way. Almost all of the traits considered to
be masculine—big muscles, facial hair, square jaws, deep voices and a propensity to
violence—evolved, it now seems, specifically for their usefulness in fighting off or intimidating
other men, allowing the winner to get the girl. That, at least, is the contention of David Puts,
an anthropologist at Pennsylvania State University, in an upcoming paper in Evolution and Human
Behavior. Dr Puts is looking at how sexual selection gave rise to certain human traits. A trait
is sexually selected if it evolved specifically to enhance mating success. They come in two main
forms: weapons, such as an elk's horns, which are used to fight off competitors; and ornaments,
like a peacock's tail, which are used to advertise genetic fitness to attract the opposite sex.
Researchers have tended to consider human sexual selection through the lens of the female's choice
of her mate. But human males look a lot more like animals designed to battle with one another
for access to females, says Dr Puts. On average, men have 40% more fat-free mass than women, which
is similar to the difference in gorillas, a species in which males unquestionably compete with
other males for exclusive sexual access to females. In species whose males do not fight for access
to females, males are generally the same size as, or smaller than, females. The heavier brow and
jaw of males might have developed to withstand blows from other males. Heavy eyebrows, facial
hair and deep voices all could serve to make a man more imposing to other men. Dr Puts does not
dismiss mate selection outright. Women are attracted to some of the same traits that are good
for dominating other men because they signal that the man will sire sons who will also be successful
at mating. But female choice probably is not the primary cause of the traits. It is a disturbing
idea to modern minds, harking back to old stereotypes about violent cavemen battling with clubs
while a passive woman, fetching in furs, waits helplessly to see who will win her. But Dr Puts
emphasizes that evolutionary biology is not destiny. Regardless of our evolutionary past, in
modern societies men and women freely choose their mates. However, understanding the evolutionary
pressures that made men the way they are could help us better understand male violence, including
murder, domestic abuse, gang violence and perhaps even warfare.（分数：10.00）
(1).It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that_____.（分数：2.00）
ine traits have evolved to get the opposite sex √
l is the only thing at work in drunken men's fight
ion has shaped human beings' traits and behavior
cy to violence cannot be counted as a masculine trait 解析：解析：根据题于定位到第一段。该段③句说，男性特征可能是专为击败或吓退其他男性以赢得女性而进化的，最终目的是为了get the girl“得到女孩”，A项的get the opposite sex与文中的get the
girl同义。
(2).We can learn from the text that men's traits_____.（分数：2.00）
e their tendency to violence
reasons for their fight over females
the result of female choice in evolution
d to facilitate access to females √
解析：解析：根据题干的men's traits定位到第一段。该段③句说，几乎所有公认的男性特 征都是专为击
败或威吓其他男性以赢得女性而进化的，即男性特征的进化是为了有利于男性赢得女性，D 项所述与此相
符。
(3).Elk's horn and peacock's tail are mentioned in Paragraph 2 to show that _____.（分数：2.00）

are sexual traits unique to males
are ornaments to attract females
are weapons to fight off competitors
evolved to make mating successful √
解析：解析：根据elk's horn以及peacock’s tail可定位到第二段。该段③句说，某个特征如果是进化
来提高交配成功率的(enhance mating success)，那这个特征就是性选择导致的。④句则举例麋鹿的角和
孔雀的尾巴来 说明性选择导致的特征的两种形式，elk’s horns属于第一种形式——weapons，而
peacock’s tail则属于第二种形式——ornaments，两种形式的目的都是为了enhance mating success，
D项中make mating successful与此对应，故确定D项为正确选项。
(4).The similarity between human beings and gorillas is that _____.（分数：2.00）
s have the same rate of fat- free mass
have more fat-free mass than females √
population of males is smaller than females
size of females is generally larger than males
解析：解析：根据题干中的gorillas可定位到第三段。 该段③句将人类与大猩猩作比较，其中提到有一个
类似点，即雄性的非脂肪体积比雌性多约40％，定语 从句which is similar to…中which所指代的内容
即为本题答案，B项只是将 原文的men及women替换成了males及females，所述与原文一致，故确定B项
正确。
(5).The last paragraph intends to tell us_____.（分数：2.00）
ine traits are developed because of female choice
g about evolution helps us understand men's behavior √
sexual selection gives rise to certain human traits
ion can explain the cause of men's traits and behavior
解析：解析：根据题干可直接定位到最后一段。该段④句说了解塑造男性现状的进化 压力，能帮助我们更
好地理解男性暴力，也就是说了解进化论可以帮助我们理解男性的一些特征和行为， 所以B项正确。
The simple act of hand-washing has been shown to help clear a guilty conscience and even make
you more forgiving of the moral mistakes of others. It's known as the Macbeth principle of morality:
we make a fundamental, psychological association between physical purity and moral purity, which
lets us literally wash away our sins. The trick even works in the opposite direction, with
cleanliness prompting moral behavior in one study, people exposed to a clean-smelling environment
were induced to act more fairly and charitably toward strangers than people in a neutral-smelling
place. Now a new study published in Science asks whether hand- washing can wipe the slate clean
of any past behavior—even everyday decisions, like, say, choosing Paris over Rome for vacation.
When people make choices, especially between two similarly attractive options, they tend to go
to great lengths to justify them as psychological assurance they've made the right decision. The
mental exercise reduces post- decisional doubt and the authors of the new study found that
handwashing eliminated people's need to do it. As part of an alleged consumer survey, 40
undergraduates browsed 30 CD covers as if they were in a music store. They selected 10 CDs they
would like to own and ranked them by preference. Later, the experimenter offered them a choice
between their fifth- and sixth-ranked CDs as a token of appreciation from the sponsor. After the
choice, participants completed an seemingly unrelated product survey that asked for evaluations
of a liquid soap; half merely examined the bottle before answering, whereas others tested the
soap by washing their hands. After a filler task, participants ranked the 10 CDs again.
who merely examined the soap bottle dealt with their doubts about their decision by changing how
they saw the CDs: as in hundreds of earlier studies, once they had made a choice, they saw the
chosen CD as much more attractive than before, and the rejected CD as much less attractive,said
study co-author Norbert Schwarz, a psychologist at University of Michigan.
eliminated this classic effect. Once participants had washed their hands, they no longer needed
to justify their choice when they ranked the CDs the second time researchers repeated

the experiment, this time asking participants to rank the desirability of four kinds of fruit
jam. Once again, volunteers who wiped their hands clean after choosing showed the kind of
satisfaction with their decision that the non-wipers lacked. Still, there's no guarantee that
a bout of handwashing will avoid post-decision remorse in the long run. As far as those big
decisions go, however, you're probably best off engaging in good old-fashioned justification.
（分数：10.00）
(1).According to the Macbeth principle of morality, physical cleanness _____.（分数：2.00）
ts one's moral purity
ines one's moral status
related to one's moral purity √
cts with one's moral purity
解析：解析：根据题干中的the Macbeth principle of morality可定位到文章第一段。由该段②句可知，
我们从内心里认为生理上的纯洁与道德上的纯洁有根深蒂固的联系(make a…association
between…and…)，故C项“与一个人道德上的纯洁有联系(is related to…)”正确。
(2).The new study shows that hand- washing after a decision _____.（分数：2.00）
ns people's mental exercise
s people to make wiser decisions
to post-decisional anxiety
mental assurance needless √
解析：解析：根据题干中的The new study可定位到文章第二、第三段。由第二段②句及第 三段①句可知，
当需要作出选择，作为心理确认，人们往往会努力证明自己作出的选择是正确的，这种内 心活动能减少做
决定后内心的疑虑，而这项新研究报告的作者发现，洗手能使人免去这种内心活动。也就 是说，洗手后人
们可以不用为自己的决定寻找心理安慰，故选D项。
(3).The researchers conduct the product survey to see how hand-washing _____.（分数：2.00）
s post- decisional mentality √
to a second decision making
thens choice-making ability
evaluate the quality of the liquid soap
解析：解析：根据题干中的the product survey可定位到第三段。该段说的是产品调 查的过程，而它的结
论出现在第四段。第四段说，没有洗手的人怀疑自己的决定，第二次排序有了变化； 而洗过手的人在第二
次给CD排序时，不再纠结自己的选择，故选A项。
(4).It is implied in the last paragraph that hand-washing _____.（分数：2.00）
't promise post-decision satisfaction √
also apply to making big decisions
able to avoid post-decision regret
replace traditional justification
解析：解析： 根据题干可直接定位到文章最后一段。由该段③句可知，洗手并不能保证避免做出选择后的
悔恨感，也就 是说，洗手并不能保证做出决定后就一定会有满意的感觉，故选A项。
(5).Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?（分数：2.00）
Physical Purity Affects Mental Purity.
Hand-Washing Eases Post-Decision Mind. √
People Deal with Post- Decisional Anxiety.
Physical Purity Promotes Moral Behaviors.
解析：解析：本文第一段指出生理纯洁与道德纯洁有着根深蒂固的 关系。第二、第三、第四段通过实验及
结果进行论证：人们做出决定后往往需要努力证明自己所做的选择 是正确的，而洗手能使人免去这种行为。
第五段说明此研究发现的局限性：不能保证可以长期避免做完决 定后的悔恨感。因此主题就是关于“洗手
(生理纯洁) 消除做决定后心理焦虑”的研究，B项最符合此主题。