考博英语词汇
助理人力资源师报考-催款函范本
考博英语词汇（1）
第一部分 词汇记忆策略
1．全脑活化
人类左右脑分析比较：
左脑：意识、低速、一般阅读、知识、知觉、知性、逻辑
右脑：无意识、超高速、速读、创造力、视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉、味觉、图像、色彩、
直觉
右脑具备左脑没有的特殊机能：
1． 超高速大量记忆机制
2． 图像化机能
3． 超高速演算机能
4． 共振共鸣机能
2．举例说明：
2131425
3．词汇记忆策略：联想法、串联法、构词法、近义词、近形词、易混淆词、加减词、固定
搭配
euthanasia, chrysanthemum
flower----
rose, lily, tulip, peony, carnation, camellia,
azalea, narcissus, chrysanthemum,
forget-me-
not, poinsettia, …
receive---deceive---
conceive (-ceive= take; con- = 共同)
tumble---
stumble （tumble…intothrough 跌倒；stumble…over on
脚下拌到东西而
跌倒）
stationary---stationery
（文具，如笔pen,铅笔pencil中含有故见到就想起是
文具。）
genius
--- genuine (含有us的是天才，因为我们是天才啊！另一个就是“真正的”),
form---deform确（形状；变形）
attach to
第二部分 实例练习
1．联想法
carnation, narcissus,
coroner, chandelier, hippocampus, assassinate,
antarctic, armour，
abalone, flounder, cult,
beau
2．串联法
network:
Internet---
cyberspace---email---e-commerce---website---on-
line---homepage---browse---retrie
ve---log on…
3．构词法
-age （状态、特性、行为）
pagerage,
advantagedisadvantage, messagemassage,
courageencourage, voltagemileage,
villagecottage, luggagecarriage, garage
coverage, cabbage, shortage, leakage,
breakage, passage, postage, bondage （bond
结束、约
束、债券；bondage就含有“束缚、奴役”的意思）, damage,
garbage （garb 衣服）,
manage ,spillage,
usage, storage, savage, sausage (sauce),
dosage
1
language, image,
heritage, engage
-ward
inward, outward,
forward, backward, toward, upward, downward,
seaward, skyward,---coward,
reward, award,
a- (构成作表语用的形容词；构成动词。。。)
apart, aloud,
around, away, afar, aboard, across
alike,
acute, alive, asleep, aware
amaze, amend,
amuse, arise, ascribe, avail, await, awake, award,
abound, abridge, amount
affirm, acclaim,
accompany, account, arrange, array, arrest, arrow
4．近义词
Merchants 煤商
Dealers
买进卖出商人
Businessmen
（广义）商人
Tradesmen
（英）店主
Scene 特别的景象，
如泰山的日出
Scenery一国一地的
自然风光
Views特别的景象
Nature
强调大自然
的感召力，不着重具
体的自然景象
Urgent 紧急
Hasty 草率
Instant 立刻
Prompt 快速；及时
Contend 竞争；斗争
Compete比赛；竞争
Struggle斗争
Conflict 斗争
Hinder
Preclude
Detain
Retard
Hamper
Protract
Postpone
Cancel
Delay
Adjourn
Blame for
Condemn for
Accuse of
Criticize for
Announce
Publish
Advertise
Inform
Substitute
Selection
Preference
Alternative
Fraud
Deceive
Cheat
Dupe
Decline
Deny
Reject
Refuse
Reliable
Confident
Faithful
Dependent
Income
Wages
Salary
Pay
Buyers
Shoppers
Customers
Clients
Particular
Peculiar
Special
Unusual
Preliminary
Primary
Elementary
Fundamental
Perplex
Puzzle
Confuse
Fatigued
Tired
Exhausted
Bored
Thieves
Burglars
Robbers
Bandits
Synthetic
False
Imitation
Counterfeit
Artificial
Mortal
Fatal
Deadly
Imaginative
Imaginable
Imagined
Imaginary
Reproach
Scold
Compliment
Reprimand
Empty
Blank
Vacant
Bare
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．近形词
fiction
fraction
friction
function
tumble
stumble
scramble
humble
tremble
resume
consume
assume
presume
resumption
consumption
assumption
presumption
bore
core
pore
sore
simplify
modify
verify
rectify
justify
testify
rectify
verify
transcription
subscription
prescription
description
attribute
contribute
distribute
tribute
attitude
altitude
aptitude
descriptive
prescriptive
interference
interruption
intervention
interaction
transaction
transmission
transformation
transition
contact
intact
possibility
validity
reliability
security
conceivable
perceivable
arise
rise
raise
arouse
respectful
respectable
respected
respective
detain
attain
retain
certain
contain
room
doom
boom
loom
intense
intentional
intensive
intending
intended
assure
ensure
insure
reassure
sometimes
some time
sometime
some
times
hatch
catch
patch
match
bare
rare
care
dare
fare
hare
banish
vanish
diminish
admonish
durability
flexibility
versatility
3
5
hostility fold include
gold
cooperate hold form
coordinate mold deform
correlate sold inform
correspond told
transform
conform
observe migrant
reserve immigrant contempt
conserve
immigrate attempt
preserve immigration prompt
deserve emigrant
emigrate except
prior emigration accept
superior concept
inferior edge percept
senior hedge
junior wedge receive
pledge deceive
sparrow conceive
swallow deduce perceive
hollow reduce
sorrow produce achieve
narrow induce believe
pillow seduce grieve
relieve
bold preclude
cold exclude
自测题：
1. 不看讲义，试一试你的记忆力。利用联想法，你能记住多少刚才所学的词：<
br>1．____________________ 2. __________________
3. _________________
4. _____________________
5. __________________ 6. _________________
7.
_____________________ 8. __________________ 9.
_________________
10. ____________________
11. _________________ 12. ________________
2.
列出以下单词的近义词：
1. income
2. mortal
3.
urgent
4. synthetic
5. deceive
6.
retard
7. empty
8. confuse
4
9. buyer
10. contend
3.
列出以下单词的近形词：
1. tumble
2. description
3. justify
4. attain
5. attribute
6. prior
汉英对照
近义词
Merchants
煤商
Dealers 买进卖出商人
Businessmen （广义）商人
Tradesmen （英）店主
Scene
特别的景象，如泰山的日出
Scenery 一国一地的自然风光
Views
特别的景象
Nature 强调大自然的感召力，不着重具体的自然景象
Urgent 紧急
Hasty 草率
Instant 立刻
Prompt 快速；及时
Contend 搏斗；争夺 (compete
against sb. in order to gain sth.)
Compete
比赛；竞争 (try to be more successful than another
person or
organization in business)
compete with sb. for sth. compete for
office（争夺公职） against
Struggle 斗争 (try hard
to achieve sth.) struggle against difficulties
struggle for
freedom
Conflict 斗争
（两种观点、信仰不能同时存在，不能都正确。）a conflict
of opinion
（分歧）; The two accounts of what had happened
conflicted with
each other.（关于发生的事情，两个报道截然不同。）
Hinder: make it difficult for sb. to do
sth. Or for develop
High invest rates will
hinder economic growth.
Preclude: (formal)
prevent sth. or make sth. impossible
Age
alone will not preclude him from standing as a
candidate.
Detain: (officially) prevent sb.
from leaving some place （拘留；扣押）
Delay sb.
who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking
them to do sth.（耽
搁；留住）
5
He was detained by a flat tire on his way home.
The police detained the man to make further
inquiries.
Retard: (formal) to delay the
development of sth. or to make sth. happen more
slowly
than expected.（妨碍；推迟）
Cold weather
retards the growth of many plants.
Bad roads
retard the car （失修的公路阻滞了车速。）
Hamper: restrict
sb. movement, activities, achievements by causing
difficulties for
them.
Women's progress
in the workplace is still hampered by male's
attitudes.
Hamper sb. from getting elected.
Protract: last a long time, esp. longer
than usual
Protracted negotiations 旷日持久的谈判
Protract one's stay for some weeks 多呆了几个星期
Postpone: change an event, action to a later
time or date
Gail and Lisa have decided to
postpone having a family for a while.
The
match had to be postponed.
Cancel: arrange
that a planned activity or event will not now
happen.
The football game had been cancelled
due to rain.
Delay: wait until a later time to
do sth.
Don't delay claiming or you may lose
benefit.
Adjourn: finish or stop for a short
time
The chairman has the power to adjourn
the meeting at any time.
Blame for
把……归于
Condemn for 谴责
Accuse sb. of sth.
指责
Criticize for 批判
Announce
宣布；通知
Publish 发表；出版
Advertise 为……做广告
Inform 告知 (inform sth.)
Substitute: sth. new or different that you use
instead of sth. else that you used
previously.
替代品；替补
Substitute teacher 代课教师
Selection:
the careful choice of a particular person or thing
from among a group of
similar people or
things.
Preference: if you like a preference
for sth. you like it more than another thing.
Alternative: sth. that you can choose to do or
use instead of sth. else
Fraud: a
method of illegally getting money from sb., often
by using clever and
6
complicated methods.
Deceive: make
sb. believe sth. that is not true in order to get
what you want.
Cheat: behave in a dishonest
way in order to win or to get an advantage, esp.
in
competitive, game, exams.
Dupe: trick
or deceive sb. 哄骗；诈骗
Consumers are being
duped into buying faulty electronic goods.
Decline: refuse to do sth. （比较婉转，礼貌拒绝邀请）
Deny: She denied working for the enemy = She
said she was not working for the
enemy ( NOT:
She refused to work for the enemy.)
Reject:拒绝申请，观点，计划
Refuse: 拒绝邀请
Turn
down 拒绝（口语）
Reliable 可靠的；可信赖的（侧重于始终如一。）
Confident 有信心的
Faithful
忠实的；可靠的（侧重于“忠于……”a reliable person, a faithful
fighter
Dependent 从属的；依靠的
Income 总收入
Wages 按周或日付酬
Salary
月薪；年薪
Pay 工资
Buyers 买主
Shoppers 家庭中外出购物的人
Customers 顾客
Clients 委托人
Particular: special
enough to mention separately
Peculiar:
strange, unfamiliar, and a little surprising, esp.
in a way that is
unpleasant or worrying.
Taste peculiar
Special: not ordinary but
different in some way and often better or more
important.
a special diet
unusual:
different from what is usual
special
---specially or especially
specially: used
when you do sth. that is different from what you
usually do for a
particular purpose (with a
passive form of a verb: a specially made)
especially: to emphasize sth. is more worth
mentioning or more important than
the other
things, ( …, especially when…)
7
Preliminary 初步的；开始的（强调开始之前有准备工作）
Primary 最初的；→主要的；基本的；→没有预备
Elementary
初步的；简单的
Fundamental 基础的
Perplex
（常用被动）困惑；茫然；费解
Make you feel worried and
confused because it is difficult to understand.
e.g. I was somewhat perplexed by his
response.
Puzzle: confuse sb. or make them
feel slightly anxious because they do not
understand
sth.
e.g. What puzzles me is
how the burglar got into the house without setting
off the
alarm.
Confuse （常用被动）
Make
sb. feel that they cannot think clearly or do not
understand.
e.g. Don't give me so much
information.--- you are confusing me.
I was
confused.
Fatigued: very tired.
e.g.
fatigued after her long journey, Bill fell into a
deep sleep.
Tired: feeling that you want
tosleep or rest.
Exhausted: extremely tired
and having no energy.
Bored: tired and
impatient because you do not think sth. is
interesting, or because you
have nothing to
do.
e.g. Children easily get bored.
Thieves 小偷；窃贼
Burglars 潜入室内的盗贼
Robbers
强盗；贼
Bandits 土匪；强盗（常出没在山区、森林）
Synthetic 合成的
False
假的；人造的（强调替代品，与原物不一样，如假牙，人造瓒石）
Imitation
仿造的(Beware of imitation 谨防假冒)
Counterfeit
比Imitation 更贬义
Artificial 人造的（强调生产方式，如：人工降雨）
Mortal : causing death or likely to cause
death
e.g. mortal injures blow combat
Fatal: resulting in sb's death
e.g. fatal
accident illness injures
Deadly : like dead
in appearance
e.g. His face has a deadly
paleness
likely to cause death
e.g.
deadly person
8
lethal:
causing death, or having the power to cause death
e.g. a lethal dose of a drug
Imaginative: new and interesting idea used in
a clever way; good at thingking of new,
interesting ideas and at forming pictures in
one's mind
e.g. imaginative writer;
imaginative child
Imaginable: emphasize that
sth. is the best, worst example of sth. that it is
possible to
imagine
All, every, only
Imagined: forming a picture or idea in your
mind about what sth. could be like.
Imaginary:
not really, but produced from pictures or ideas in
your mind.
e.g. all the characters in this
book are imaginary.
Reproach: ~sb. for
with sth.
~ for doing sth.
blame or
criticize someone in a way that shows you are
disappointed, but not
angry
e.g. Jake
reproached her bitterly for abandoning him.
Scold: angrily criticize someone, esp. a
child, about sth. that have done.
Compliment:
~ sb. on sth.
Say sth. nice to sb. in order
to praise him
Reprimand: ~ sb. for sth.
tell sb. officially that sth. they have done
is very wrong.
Rebuke: speak to sb. severely,
about sth. they have done wrong. [ ~ sb. for
V-ing]
Chide: (literary) to speak angrily to
sb. because you do not approve of sth. they have
done.
Compliment
Complement :
show up the good qualities in sb. or sth. or make
them seem more
attractive.
Empty:
having nothing inside; not having people inside;
not being used
e.g. an empty table in the
corner
[ empty nest: the situation that
parents are in when all their children have left
home]
Blank: without any writing, print, or
recorded sound; showing no understanding;
e.g. go blank: suddenly unable to remember sth.
for TV; stop showing any images
Vacant: vacant seat, room → empty and
available for sb. to use
Vacant job, position
→ empty and available for sb. to start with
Bare: empty, not covered by anything or not
having any decoration; not covered by
clothes,
by trees or grass
Deceived 欺骗
Deserted
遗弃
Desperated 绝望
9
Disappointed 失望
近形词
fiction 小说
fraction 一部分
friction 摩擦
function 功能；职责
tumble 跌倒
stumble
拌倒
scramble 攀登；争夺
humble 谦虚；羞辱
tremble
颤抖；担心
resume 中断后重新开始
consume 消耗
assume 假定；假设；采用 (think that sth. is true
although you have no proof of
it. E.g. ~
responsibilities power: start to do a job esp. an
important one)
presume 推测；冒昧 (think you can
be sure of sth. because it is likely, although
there is no proof. E.g. ~ sb. sth. to be sth.
be ~ed to do sth. ~ to do sth.
resumption 恢复
consumption 消费
assumption 假定；臆断；傲慢(the assumption of
responsibilities: the act of
starting to have
control or power) ( His air of assumption made him
disliked.)
presumption 傲慢；推测；假定
(disrespectful or impolite behavior that
shows
you are too confident)
bore V.钻孔 n. 孔
core v. 使厌烦 n. 令人讨厌的事
pore v. 注视 n.
毛孔 a. 多孔的
sore a. 疼痛的 n. 痛处；溃疡
simplify 简化
modify 更改 对某物作稍微修改使其完善
verify 证实
rectify 纠正；把不满意的状况变成合乎人们所期待的状况
justify 证明……是有道理的
testify 证明
rectify 纠正；把不满意的状况变成合乎人们所期待的状况
verify 证实
10
transcription:
抄写；翻译；副本
subscription： 捐赠；订阅；认购；
prescription 药方；指令
description： 描述；描绘
attribute 把……归因于（to ）
contribute
捐赠；投稿
contribute… to 有助于
distribute
分发；分配
tribute 贡品；勒索的钱财；颂词
attitude
态度
altitude 高度
aptitude 天资；倾向
latitude 纬度
multitude 人群（a multitude of
…许多）
descriptive 说明的
prescriptive
规范的；约定俗成的
interference 干预（强调妨碍）
interruption 打断
intervention 介于；在中间起作用
interaction 相互作用
transaction
办理；交易；学报；相反作用
transmission 传送；传播；发送
transformation 转换；改革
transition 变迁；过渡时期
contact 接触；交往；有影响的熟人 （tact 圆滑，乖巧，外交手腕）
intact 完整无缺的
possibility 可能性
validity 有效性；正确性
reliability 可靠性
security 保障；安全感
conceivable
可想象的；可相信的 able to be belileved or imagined. E.g.
every
conceivable means
perceivable
可感知的；可认识的
arise: begin to happen
(problem, difficulty)
e.g. arise from= caused
by
11
rise: increase, go
upwards, rise, become successful
raise: e.g.
raise a question; waise your voice
arouse:
make you become interesting, expect sth. make
sb. angry, afraid; wake
sb.
When
things and prices move upwards on their own, they
rise.
People or government raise increase the
price. E.g. The government is raising the
tax.
Respectful 尊重别人的；有礼貌的
Respectable
值得人们尊重的；正派的
Respected 受到人们尊重的
Respective
各自的；各个的
detain: (officially) prevent sb.
from leaving some place （拘留；扣押）
Delay sb.
who wants to leave, by talking to them, asking
them to do sth.（耽
搁；留住）
Attain: succeed in
reaching a particular level or in getting sth.
after trying for a
long time.
Retain: keep
sb. or continue to have sth. e.g. retain a sense
of dignity
Certain: 一定
Contain: 容纳
Room 房间
Doom 厄运；毁灭；定罪
Boom 高潮，迅速发展
Loom 织布机
Intense 强烈的
Intentional 有意的；故意的
Intensive 精细的；强化的
Intending 打算；意欲
intended
assure
: tell sb. that sth. with definitely happen.
e.g. ~sb. that …
be ~ed of: feel certain
that sth. will happen
ensure: make sure that
it does happen
(AmE. Insure)
e.g. Please
ensure that the lights are switched off before
leaving the building.
Assure can be used in
this meaning, but it mainly used in : success,
safety. E.g.
The band's latest release has
assured their success in the rock world.
insure: against sth. bad happening to it by
paying money to an insurance company.
reassure: tell sb. that there is nothing to
worry about.
12
e.g. The
doctor reassured me that there would be no pain.
sometimes 有时
some time 一些时间
sometime 曾经；有朝一日
some times 几次
hatch 孵化
catch 捉
patch 缝补
match
匹配
bare 赤裸裸的；没有陈设的 （揭露）
rare
稀薄的；稀少的；煎的
care 小心；关心
dare 敢于
fare
车船费；乘客；伙食
hare 野兔
banish
禁止出入；驱逐出境；清除；消除（疾病）
vanish 突然不见； 逐渐消失
diminish 减少；贬低
admonish 警告；告诫；忠告
durability 耐用性
flexibility 变通性；灵活性
versatility 多才多艺；多功能
hostility 敌意；敌视
co- col- com- con- cor- with (共同)
cooperate 合作
coordinate 协调
correlate
相关
correspond 相符合
collaborate 协作
（与cooperate 同，但多用于科学和艺术）
observe 观察
reserve 保留座位
conserve 保护；节省
preserve
保留
deserve 值得
prior 首先的
superior
优先的
13
inferior 次要的
senior 高级的
junior 初级的
exterior 外部的
interior 内部的
sparrow 麻雀
swallow
燕子
hollow 空的
sorrow 悲伤
narrow 窄的
pillow 枕头
arrow 箭
bold 勇敢的
cold 冷的
fold 折叠；褶
gold 金
hold 握
mold 模式
sold 卖出
told 告诉
migrant 移居者
immigrant 入境移民
immigrate 作为移民定居
immigration
移居；（总称）外来移民
emigrant 出境移民
emigrate 移居外国
emigration 迁移出境；（总称）移民
edge 边沿
hedge
矮树篱笆；障碍物
wedge 锲子；锲形物；事情的起因
pledge
誓言；典押；保人
deduce 推断；演绎
reduce 减少
produce 生产
induce 引诱；引起；导致；归纳
seduce
唆使；引入歧途
preclude 排除；杜绝；阻止
exclude
除外
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include
包括
form 形式
deform 变形
inform
通知
transform 转变
conform 一致
contempt 轻视
attempt 企图
prompt
促使；推动；激起
敏捷的
except 除……
accept 接受
concept 概念
percept 感知；认知
receive 收到
deceive 欺骗
conceive
含有
perceive 知觉；意识到；把……看作……
(perceive … as
… take … as … regard … as … see … as
…)
achieve 获得
believe 相信
grieve 悲痛
relieve 放松
lilac n. 浅紫色
antique
violet n. 古紫色
pansy n. 紫罗兰色
white n. 白色
off-white n. 灰白色
ivory n. 象牙色
snowy
white n. 雪白色
oyster white n. 乳白色
gray n.
灰色
charcoal gray n. 炭灰色
smoky gray n. 烟灰色
misty gray n. 雾灰色
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