考研英语(一)真题及答案解析
中国司法部-夸夸我自己
2011年考研英语(一)真题
Section I Use of
English
Directions:
Read the following
text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered
bla
nk and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER
SHEET 1. (10 points)
Ancient Greek
philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily
exercise
precious to health.” But _____some
claims to the contrary, laughing probabl
y has
little influence on physical filness Laughter does
_____short-term chang
es in the function of the
heart and its blood vessels, ____ heart rate and
o
xygen consumption But because hard laughter
is difficult to ____, a good lau
gh is unlikely
to have _____ benefits the way, say, walking or
jogging does.
____, instead of straining
muscles to build them, as exercise does,
laugh
ter apparently accomplishes the ____,
studies dating back to the 1930’s indic
ate
that laughter. muscles,
Such bodily reaction
might conceivably help____the effects of
psychologic
al ,the act of laughing probably
does produce other types of
______feedback,
that improve an individual’s
emotional state. ______one classical theory of
e
motion,our feelings are partially rooted
_______ physical reactions. It was arg
ued at
the end of the 19
th
century that humans do
not cry ______they are
sad but they become sad
when te tears begin to flow.
Although sadness
also _______ tears,evidence suggests that emotions
can
flow _____ muscular an experiment
published in 1988,social psychologist Fr
itz.
1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like
2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce
3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing
[D]determining
4．[A]transmit [B]sustain
[C]evaluate [D]observe
5．[A]measurable
[B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable
6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In
brief
7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average
[D]expected
8．[A]hardens [B]weakens
[C]tightens [D]relaxes
9．[A]aggravate
[B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance
10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious
[D]internal
11．[A]Except for [B]According to
[C]Due to [D]As for
12．[A]with [B]on
[C]in [D]at
13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if
[D]because
14．[A]exhausts [B]follows
[C]precedes [D]suppresses
15．[A]into [B]from
[C]towards [D]beyond
16．[A]fetch [B]bite
[C]pick [D]hold
17．[A]disappointed [B]excited
[C]joyful [D]indifferent
18．[A]adapted
[B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted
19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning
[D]supposing
20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently
[C]Similarly [D]Conversely
Section II Reading
Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read
the following four texts. Answer the questions
below each text by
choosing [A], [B], [C] or
[D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40
points)
Text 1
The decision of the New
York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its
n
ext music director has been the talk of the
classical-music world ever since
the sudden
announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the
most part, t
he response has been favorable, to
say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote
A
nthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-
music critic.
One of the reasons why the
appointment came as such a surprise, how
ever,
is that Gilbert is comparatively little known.
Even Tommasini, who had
advocated Gilbert’s
appointment in the Times, calls him “an
unpretentious
musician with no air of the
formidable conductor about him.” As a
descripti
on of the next music director of an
orchestra that has hitherto been led by
musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez,
that seems likely to have s
truck at least some
Times readers as faint praise.
For my part, I
have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor
or ev
en a good one. To be sure, he performs an
impressive variety of interesting
compositions, but it is not necessary for me to
visit Avery Fisher Hall, or a
nywhere else, to
hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to
do is to go
to my CD shelf, or boot up
my computer and download still more recorde
d
music from iTunes.
Devoted concertgoers who
reply that recordings are no substitute for
liv
e performance are missing the point. For
the time, attention, and money of
the art-
loving public, classical instrumentalists must
compete not only with
opera houses, dance
troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also
wit
h the recorded performances of the great
classical musicians of the 20
th
cent
ury. There recordings are cheap,
available everywhere, and very often much
higher in artistic quality than today’s live
performances; moreover, they can
be “consumed”
at a time and place of the listener’s choosing.
The widespre
ad availability of such recordings
has thus brought about a crisis in the
instit
ution of the traditional classical
concert.
One possible response is for
classical performers to program attractive n
ew
music that is not yet available on record.
Gilbert’s own interest in new
music has been
widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic,
has describe
d him as a man who is capable of
turning the Philharmonic into “a markedl
y
different, more vibrant organization.” But what
will be the nature of that
difference Merely
expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be
enough. If
Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to
succeed, they must first change the
rel
ationship between America’s oldest
orchestra and the new audience it hops
to
attract.
21. We learn from that Gilbert’s
appointment has
[A]incurred criticism.
[B]raised suspicion.
[C]received acclaim.
[D]aroused curiosity.
22. Tommasini
regards Gilbert as an artist who is
[A]influential.
[B]modest.
[C]respectable.
[D]talented.
23. The
author believes that the devoted concertgoers
[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.
[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.
[C]exaggerate the variety of live
performances.
[D]overestimate the value of
live performances.
24. According to the text,
which of the following is true of recordings
[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in
quality.
[B]They are easily accessible to the
general public.
[C]They help improve the
quality of music.
[D]They have only covered
masterpieces.
25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in
revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author
f
eels
[A]doubtful.
[B]enthusiastic.
[C]confident.
[D]puzzled.
Text 2
When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank
of America in August,
his explanation was
surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his
exit in
the usual vague excuses, he came right
out and said he was leaving “to p
ursue my goal
of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition
was “very
much my decision,” McGee says.
Within two weeks, he was talking for the f
irst
time with the board of Hartford Financial Services
Group, which named
him CEO and chairman on
September 29.
McGee says leaving without a
position lined up gave him time to reflect
on
what kind of company he wanted to run. It also
sent a clear message
to the outside world
about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In
recent
weeks the executives at Avon and
American Express quit with the explana
tion
that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards
scrutinize succession
plans in response to
shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the
nod
also may wish to move on. A turbulent
business environment also has seni
or managers
cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud
their reputation
s.
As the first signs of
recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be
more willing to make the jump without a net.
In the third quarter, CEO tur
nover was down
23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with
the lea
ders they had, according to
Liberum Research. As the economy picks up,
op
portunities will abound for aspiring
leaders.
The decision to quit a senior
position to look for a better one is
uncon
ventional. For years executives and
headhunters have adhered to the rule th
at the
most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who
must be poached.
Says KornFerry senior partner
Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search
I’ve done where a board has not instructed me
to look at sitting CEOs firs
t.”
Those who
jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top
positions
quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief
of Tropicana a decade age, saying she
wanted
to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head
of a tiny Inter
net-based commodities exchange.
Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 wi
th
ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post
at a major financial inst
itution three years
later.
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is
fading for top performers. The fi
nancial
crisis has made it more acceptable to be between
jobs or to leave a
bad one. “The traditional
rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but
th
at’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one
headhunter. “The people who’ve
been hurt the
worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”
26.
When McGee announced his departure, his manner can
best be des
cribed as being
[A]arrogant.
[B]frank.
[C]self-centered.
[D]impulsive.
27. According to Paragraph
2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred
by
[A]their expectation of better financial
status.
[B]their need to reflect on their
private life.
[C]their strained relations with
the boards.
[D]their pursuit of new career
goals.
28. The word “poached” (Line 3,
Paragraph 4) most probably means
[A]approved
of.
[B]attended to.
[C]hunted for.
[D]guarded against.
29. It can be inferred
from the last paragraph that
[A]top performers
used to cling to their posts.
[B]loyalty of
top performers is getting out-dated.
[C]top
performers care more about reputations.
[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional
rules.
30. Which of the following is the best
title for the text
[A]CEOs: Where to Go
[B]CEOs: All the Way Up
[C]Top Managers
Jump without a Net
[D]The Only Way Out for Top
Performers
Text 3
The rough guide to
marketing success used to be that you got what
yo
u paid for. No longer. While traditional
“paid” media – such as television co
mmercials
and print advertisements – still play a major
role, companies toda
y can exploit many
alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate
about
a product may create “owned” media by
sending e-mail alerts about product
s and sales
to customers registered with its Web site. The way
consumers n
ow approach the broad range of
factors beyond conventional paid media.
Paid
and owned media are controlled by marketers
promoting their own
products. For earned media
, such marketers act as the initiator for users’
responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s
owned media become another
marketer’s paid
media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer
sells ad
space on its Web site. We define such
sold media as owned media whose
traffic is so
strong that other organizations place their
content or e-commer
ce engines within that
environment. This trend ,which we believe is still
in it
s infancy, effectively began with
retailers and travel providers such as
airlines
and hotels and will no doubt go
further. Johnson & Johnson, for example,
has
created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property
that promotes comple
mentary and even
competitive products. Besides generating income,
the pres
ence of other marketers makes the site
seem objective, gives companies opp
ortunities
to learn valuable information about the appeal of
other companies’
marketing, and may help
expand user traffic for all companies concerned.
The same dramatic technological changes
that have provided marketers
with more (and
more diverse) communications choices have also
increased th
e risk that passionate consumers
will voice their opinions in quicker, more
vi
sible, and much more damaging ways. Such
hijacked media are the opposite
of earned
media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to
consumers, oth
er stakeholders, or activists
who make negative allegations about a brand or
product. Members of social networks, for instance,
are learning that they c
an hijack media to
apply pressure on the businesses that originally
created t
hem.
If that happens, passionate
consumers would try to persuade others to
boycott products, putting the reputation of
the target company at risk. In su
ch a case,
the company’s response may not be sufficiently
quick or thoughtf
ul, and the learning curve
has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example,
allevi
ated some of the damage from its recall
crisis earlier this year with a relati
vely
quick and well-orchestrated social-media response
campaign, which includ
ed efforts to engage
with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter
and th
e social-news site Digg.
may create
“earned” media when they are
[A] obscssed
with online shopping at certain Web sites.
[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent
to them.
[C] eager to help their friends
promote quality products.
[D] enthusiastic
about recommending their favorite products.
32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media
feature
[A] a safe business environment.
[B] random competition.
[C] strong user
traffic.
[D] flexibility in organization.
33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that
earned media
[A] invite constant conflicts
with passionate consumers.
[B] can be used to
produce negative effects in marketing.
[C]
may be responsible for fiercer competition.
[D] deserve all the negative comments about
them.
34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited
as an example of
[A] responding effectively
to hijacked media.
[B] persuading
customers into boycotting products.
[C]
cooperating with supportive consumers.
[D]
taking advantage of hijacked media.
35. Which
of the following is the text mainly about
[A]
Alternatives to conventional paid media.
[B]
Conflict between hijacked and earned media.
[C] Dominance of hijacked media.
[D]
Popularity of owned media.
Text 4
It’s no
surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful,
provocative magazine cov
er story, “I love My
Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much
chatter – n
othing gets people talking like the
suggestion that child rearing is anything l
ess
than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching
experience. Rather than concludi
ng that
children make parents either happy or miserable,
Senior suggests we
need to redefine happiness:
instead of thinking of it as something that
can
be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we
should consider being happy a
s a past-tense
condition. Even though the day-to-day experience
of raising ki
ds can be soul-crushingly hard,
Senior writes that “the very things that in
th
e moment dampen our moods can later be
sources of intense gratification a
nd delight.”
The magazine cover showing an attractive
mother holding a cute baby is
hardly the only
Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.
There a
re also stories about newly adoptive –
and newly single – mom Sandra Bull
ock, as well
as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news.
Practically eve
ry week features at least one
celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the
newsstands.
In a society that so
persistently celebrates procreation, is it any
wonder
that admitting you regret having
children is equivalent to admitting you
sup
port kitten-killing It doesn’t seem quite
fair, then, to compare the regrets o
f parents
to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents
rarely are provoke
d to wonder if they
shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless
folks are
bothered with the message that
children are the single most important thin
g
in the world: obviously their misery must be a
direct result of the gaping
baby-size holes in
their lives.
Of course, the image of
parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us
We
ekly and People present is hugely
unrealistic, especially when the parents are
single mothers like Bullock. According to several
studies concluding that par
ents are less happy
than childless couples, single parents are the
least happy
of all. No shock there,
considering how much work it is to raise a kid
with
out a partner to lean on; yet to hear
Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a ki
d on
their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a
piece of cake.
It’s hard to imagine that many
people are dumb enough to want childr
en just
because Reese and Angelina make it look so
glamorous: most adults
understand that a baby
is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder
if t
he images we see every week of stress-
free, happiness-enhancing parenthood
aren’t in
some small, subconscious way contributing to our
own dissatisfacti
ons with the actual
experience, in the same way that a small part of
us ho
ped getting “ the Rachel” might make us
look just a little bit like Jennifer A
niston.
Senior suggests in her article that raising a
child can bring
[A]temporary delight
[B]enjoyment in progress
[C]happiness in
retrospect
[D]lasting reward
learn from
Paragraph 2 that
[A]celebrity moms are a
permanent source for gossip.
[B]single mothers
with babies deserve greater attention.
[C]news
about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.
[D]having children is highly valued by the
public.
is suggested in Paragraph 3 that
childless folks
[A]are constantly exposed to
criticism.
[B]are largely ignored by the
media.
[C]fail to fulfill their social
responsibilities.
[D]are less likely to be
satisfied with their life.
to Paragraph 4,
the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is
[A]soothing.
[B]ambiguous.
[C]compensatory.
[D]misleading.
of the following can be inferred from the
last paragraph
[A]Having children contributes
little to the glamour of celebrity moms.
[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude
towards child rearing.
[C]Having children
intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.
[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from
child rearing.
Part B
Directions:
The
following paragraph are given in a wrong order.
For Questions 41-4
5, you are required to
reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text
by
choosing from the list A-G to filling them
into the numbered boxes. Paragra
phs E and G
have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on
ANSWER SH
EET 1. (10 points)
[A] No
disciplines have seized on professionalism with as
much enthusias
m as the humanities. You can, Mr
Menand points out, became a lawyer in
three
years and a medical doctor in four. But the
regular time it takes to g
et a doctoral degree
in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly,
up to
half of all doctoral students in English
drop out before getting their degree
s.
[B]
His concern is mainly with the humanities:
Literature, languages, phil
osophy and so on.
These are disciplines that are going out of style:
22% of
American college graduates now major in
business compared with only 2% i
n history and
4% in English. However, many leading American
universities wa
nt their undergraduates to have
a grounding in the basic canon of ideas tha
t
every educated person should posses. But most find
it difficult to agree on
what a “general
education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand
notes,
“the great books are read because they
have been read”-they form a sort
of social
glue.
[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about
half end up with professorships for
which they
entered graduate school. There are simply too few
posts. This i
s partly because universities
continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer
students want to study humanities subjects:
English departments awarded m
ore bachelor’s
degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later.
Fewer stude
nts requires fewer teachers. So, at
the end of a decade of theses-writing,
m
any humanities students leave the
profession to do something for which the
y have
not been trained.
[D] One reason why it is
hard to design and teach such courses is that
they can cut across the insistence by top American
universities that liberal-
arts educations and
professional education should be kept separate,
taught in
different schools. Many students
experience both varieties. Although more t
han
half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law,
medicine or business, fut
ure doctors and
lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts
degree befor
e embarking on a professional
qualification.
[E] Besides professionalizing
the professions by this separation, top
Ameri
can universities have professionalised
the professor. The growth in public mo
ney for
academic research has speeded the process: federal
research grants
rose fourfold between 1960and
1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half
as research took its toll. Professionalism has
turned the acquisition of a doct
oral degree
into a prerequisite for a successful academic
career: as late as 1
969a third of American
professors did not possess one. But the key idea
be
hind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand,
is that “the knowledge and skills
needed for a
particular specialization are transmissible but
not transferable.”
So disciplines acquire a
monopoly not just over the production of
knowledge,
but also over the production of the
producers of knowledge.
[F] The key to
reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand,
is to
alter the way in which “the producers of
knowledge are produced.”Otherwise,
academics
will continue to think dangerously alike,
increasingly detached fro
m the societies which
they study, investigate and criticize.”Academic
inquiry,
at least in some fields, may need to
become less exclusionary and more
hol
istic.”Yet quite how that happens, Mr
Menand dose not say.
[G] The subtle and
intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas:
Refor
m and Resistance in the American
University should be read by every studen
t
thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree.
They may then decide to g
o elsewhere. For
something curious has been happening in American
Universi
ties, and Louis Menand, a professor of
English at Harvard University, capture
d it
skillfully.
G → 41. →42. → E →43. →44. →45.
Part C
Directions:
Read the
following text carefully and then translate the
underlined segm
ents into Chinese. Your
translation should be written carefully on ANSWER
S
HEET 2. (10 points)
With its theme that
“Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner
ch
aracter and outer circumstances, the book As
a Man Thinking by James Alle
n is an in-depth
exploration of the central idea of self-help
writing.
(46) Allen’s contribution was to take
an assumption we all share-that be
cause we are
not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and
reveal its er
roneous nature. Because most of
us believe that mind is separate from matt
er,
we think that thoughts can be hidden and made
powerless; this allows u
s to think one way and
act another. However, Allen believed that the
uncon
scious mind generates as much action as
the conscious mind, and (47) while
we may be
able to sustain the illusion of control through
the conscious mi
nd alone, in reality we are
continually faced with a question: “Why cannot
I
make myself do this or achieve that ”
Since desire and will are damaged by the
presence of thoughts that do
not accord with
desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what
we wa
nt, but what we are.” Achievement happens
because you as a person embo
dy the external
achievement; you don’t “ get” success but become
it. There
is no gap between mind and matter.
Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its
contention that “Circumstances
do not make a
person, they reveal him.” (48) This seems a
justification for
neglect of those in need,
and a rationalization of exploitation, of the
superio
rity of those at the top and the
inferiority of those at the bottom.
This
,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a
subtle argument. Eac
h set of circumstances,
however bad, offers a unique opportunity for
growth.
If circumstances always determined the
life and prospects of people, then h
umanity
would never have progressed. In fat,
(49)circumstances seem to be
designed to bring
out the best in us and if we feel that we have
been “wr
onged” then we are unlikely to begin a
conscious effort to escape from our
situation
.Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s
early life and it
s conditions are often the
greatest gift to an individual.
The
sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no
one else to bla
me for our present condition
except ourselves. (50) The upside is the
possibi
lities contained in knowing that
everything is up to us; where before we we
re
experts in the array of limitations, now we become
authorities of what is
possible.
Section Ⅲ
Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Write
a letter to a friend of yours to
1) recommend
one of your favorite movies and
2) give
reasons for your recommendation
Your should
write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2
Do not
sign your own name at the end of the leter. User
“LI MING” i
nstead.
Do not writer the
address.(10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the
following drawing. In y
our essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2)
explain it’s intended meaning, and
3) give
your comments.
Your should write neatly on
ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
2011年考研英语(一)真题参考答案
1-5，ACDBA 6-10
CADCB 11-15 BCACA 16-20 BCADB
21-25 DBCAA
26-30 CCBDB 31-35 CCBDB 36-40 CBCCC
41-45
BDCAE
翻译：
46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设--
因为我们不
是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。
47、我们可以单独通过意识维持控制
的感觉，但实际上我们一直面临着一个
问题，为什么我不能完成这件事情或那件事情。
48、
这似乎可能为必要时的忽视正名，也能合理说明剥削，以及在顶层的人
的优越感及处于后层人们的劣势感
。
49、环境似乎是为了挑选出我们的强者，而且如果我们感觉受了委屈，那么
我们就不可能
有意识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境。
50、正面在于我们处于这样的位置，知道所有事情都取决与
我们自己，之前
我们对着一系列的限制，而现在我们成了权威。
51.
Directions:
Write a letter to a friend of
yours to
1) recommend one of your favorite
movies and
2) give reasons for your
recommendation.
You should write about 100
words on ANSWER SHEET2.
Do not sign your own
name at the end of the letter. Use”Li
Ming”inste
ad.
Do not write the
address.(10points)
小作文范文：
Dear friends:
Recently a lot of new movies, you concern
I recently saw a movie is especially suitable
for name is You Are T
he Oneof all it has very
powerful cast. Storyline is very ' language is
classic and thought-provoking. But, I most
like it because it's morals. Dear fri
ends, do
you to love the understanding of what Love is
romantic, is costly,
is simple, or plain I
think in this movie can be reflected. Perhaps now
we s
till can't clear love, but love is already
brimming with our lives, is a part of
want to
watch the movie, we can understand a lot. Dear
friends, do you
also see this movie,
remember to write and tell me how you feel. Miss
yo
u!
52、Direction
Write an essay of
160-200words based on the following drawing .In
you
r essay ,you should
1) describe the
drawing briefly
2) explain its intended
measing and
3) give your comments
You
should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)
大作文范文：
Our surroundings are being polluted
fast and man's present efforts can
not prevent
it. Time is bringing us more people, and more
people will bring
us more industry, more cars,
larger cities and the growing use of man-mad
e
materials.
What can explain and solve this
problem The fact is that pollution is ca
used
by man -- by his desire for a modern way of life.
We make
g industrializationour chief we are
often ready to offer everything: clean
air,
pure water, good food, our health and the future
of our is a constant
flow of people from the
countryside into the cities, eager for the
benefits
of our modern society. But as our
technological achievements have grown in
the
last twenty years, pollution has become a serious
problem.
Isn't it time we stopped to ask
ourselves where we are going-- and wh
y It
makes one think of the story about the airline
pilot who told his passe
ngers over the
loudspeaker,some good news and some bad news. The
good news is that we're making rapid progress
at 530 miles per hour. The
bad news is that
we're lost and don't know where we're going. The
s
ad fact is that this becomes a true story
when speaking of our modern soci
ety.
In my
opinion, to protect environment, the government
must take even
more concrete measures. First,
it should let people fully realize the
importan
ce of environmental protection through
education. Second, much more effort
s should be
made to put the population planning policy into
practice, becaus
e more people means more
people means more pollution. Finally, those
who
destroy the environment intentionally
should be severely punished. We shou
ld
let them know that destroying environment means
destroying mankind the
mselves
答案解析
解析：语义逻辑题。第一句含义是“古希
腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于身体健
康的宝贵锻炼”，第二句意思是“但是 一
些人提出相反的意见，轻笑可能对身体健康影响
极小”，两句之间是转折关系，A、B、C、D四个选项
中只有C选项表转折“尽管”，故是正确
选项。
解析：语义辨析题。上下文语境是“笑确实能 短期的改变”。A. reflect“反映”，B.
demand“要求”，C. indicate“表明，暗示”，D.
produce“产生”，只有D 选项符合语境，所以是
正确答案。
解析：语义搭配题。文中提到“笑能够 心律呼吸速率。” A. stabilizing
意思是“安定，
稳定”，B. boosting“促进，推进”，C.
impairing“损害，削弱”，D.
determining“决定”，根据语
境应该是“笑能够促进心律呼吸速率”，B为正确答案。
解析：语义辨析题。这句话意思是“但是因为大笑很难
，一次狂笑不可能……”，四个
选项的含义分别是 A. transmit “传播”，B.
sustain“维持”，C. evaluate“评估”，D.
observe“观察”，
根据语境，只有B. sustain符合语境。
解析：语义辨析题。这句话意思是“一次狂笑不可能像比如走路或者慢跑那样对心血管
功能产生
益处。” A. measurable“重大的，重要的”，B. manageable“易控制的”，C.
affordable“负担得起的”，D.
renewable“可再生的”，四个选项中能和“益处”搭配的只有A.
measurable，故是正确答案。
解析：逻辑分析题。第二段第一
句是说“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很显然笑确是
起到了……作用”，对上文有承接还有转折的关系
，A. In turn 意思是“轮流”，C. In
addition是
“另外”，D. In brief
意思是“简而言之”，都不符合语境，只有B. In
fact“事实上”符合上下文语
境，是正确选项。
解析：语义逻辑题。
第二段第二句的意思是说“笑可以放松肌肉，在狂笑平息之后45
分钟内会降低肌肉张力”，跟上文中的
“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉”是相反的关系，所以
A. opposite是正确选项。
解析：语义搭配题。空格前后面是“笑 肌肉”，A. hardens“使变硬”，B.
weakens“减少”，
C. tightens“是变紧”，D. relaxes“放松”，因为
上文提到了“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很
显然笑确实起到了相反的作用”。“拉紧”的反义词只有
D. relaxes，故正确。
解析：语义搭配题。这句话的意思是“这样的身体放松可能会帮助 心理紧张状态的影
响。”
A. aggravate“加剧，恶化”，B. generate“使形成，发生”，C.
moderate“节制，减轻”，D.
enhance“增加”，根据上下文语境，只能是“减轻心理压力”，故C是正确选项。
解析：语义逻辑题。这句话的意思是“笑的行为毕竟可能会产生其他形式的
反馈来提
高个体的情绪状态。”其中提到“笑的行为”，它是一种身体上的行为，后面提到“其他
反馈”，
应该是和“笑”相呼应的，故正确选项是A。
解析：词义辨析题。根据已知信息推测，应该是“根据一个经典的情绪理论，……”A. Except
for表示“除了……”，它引出一个与前面的词相反的原因或者事例； B. According
to“根据， 按
照”，表示依据，后面常跟表示理论、思想之类的词，是正确答案。C. Due
to“由于，因为” 后
面跟一般原因，D. As
for“至于，就……方面说”用以转换话题和表现态度，故排除。
解析：固定搭配题。be rooted in是固定词组表示“来源于……”be
rooted跟其它选项不搭
配使用，故排除。
解析：逻辑关系题。这句话的意思是“人们不会
他们伤心而哭，但当开始流泪时他们
才变得伤心。”伤心和哭之间是因果关系，所以答案应该是D.
because。
解析：词义辨析语义逻辑题。解题关键although。al
though表示假设，让步。由上文
提到当人们流泪时才觉得伤心可知，伤心在流泪之后。这里要说另
一种情况“伤心也会在流
泪之前”而A. exhausts“使筋疲力尽；使疲惫不堪”，B.
follows “跟随” C. precedes“先于，表示
在……之前发生(或出现)”；D.
suppresses“压制；阻止；抑制”，语义不符。
解析：词义辨析题。由已知信息可知原文要表达“证据显示情绪是肌肉反映的结果”A.
into“进入……中， 到……里” B. from
“来自”表原因，符合表达需要，故为正确答案。C. towards
向， 朝 D. beyond
“超出，超过”意思不符合，故排除。
解析：词义辨析题。A.
fetch“取来”，B. bite“咬， 叮”， C. pick“采， 摘”， D. hold“拿，
抱，
握住”，根据上下文信息可知该实验要求志愿者用牙咬住或者用嘴含住一支笔。hold
的意思最符合。
解析：词义辨析语义逻辑题。由已知信息“用嘴含住一支笔”推测，这个动作会产生一
种失望的表情
A. disappointed“失望的”意思最符合，B. excited “兴奋的”，C.
joyful“快乐的”，
D. indifferent“漠不关心的”都不符合语境，故排除。
解析：词义辨析题。A. adapted to“变得习惯于……,
使适应于……”，B. catered to “迎合，
满足某种需要或要求”，C.
turned……to“转向”，D. reacted
to“对……作出反应”，根据原文表达
需要“在观看有趣的动画片时……”此处正确选项是D.
reacted to。
解析：词义辨析题。根据前文信息，由前面的实验结果“
那些被强制锻炼笑肌的人比那
些嘴唇皱着表情失望的人在观看有趣的动画片时反应更加丰富”，我们可以
推断出一个结论
A. suggesting表明，后接结论的句子，符合要求，故为正确答案。B.
requiring “需要，要求”， C.
mentioning “提到”，D.
supposing“假定， 假设”都不符合上下文语境，故排除。
解析：逻辑分析题。上文提到了“表情而不是其他的方式可能会影响情绪”，后文又提到
了“笑的生理行
为可以使心情好转”，前后句解释的是同一种情况。A. Eventually和B.
Consequently，都是作为“总结”的副词，D.
Conversely表示“相反”，只有 C.
Similarly“相似的
是”，符合上下文逻辑，是正确选项。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text One
解析：推断题。本题要求根据文章第一段，判断社会对Gilb
ert的任命有什么回应和反
响。根据原文第一段第二句“For the most part,
the response has been favorable, …”和“Hooray!
At last!”可知回应是积极的，因此正确答案是[C] received
acclaim(得到称赞)。
干扰项：选项[A] incurred criticism
(招致批评)，选项[B] raised suspicion(引起怀疑)， 选
项[D]
aroused curiosity(引起大众的好奇)，都不符合原文意思。
解析：细节题。根据Tommasini在第二段对Gilbert的评论：calls him “ an
unpretentious
musician with no air of the
formidable conductor about
him”，可知Tommasini认为Gilbert是
an unpretentious mus
ician。unpretentious由un(否定前缀)和pretentious构成，考生看到
pretentious可以想到pretend (假装，作假
)，那么可推出unpretentious是“不做假的，不虚
饰或矫揉造作的”，答案[B]
modest(谦逊的)意思最为接近，故[B]项为正确答案。
干扰项：文中提到，with
no air of the formidable conductor about
him，意思是“他没有指
挥家那种强大的、令人敬畏的气势”，据此我们可以排除选项[A]
influential(有影响力的)和选
项[C] respectable
(值得尊敬的)。选项[D] talented (有才华的)在文中也找不到依据，故排除。
解析：推断题。本题考查作者对于现场表演的虔诚追随者的观点态度。从文章第三段可
知，
作者自己选择听唱片录音而不是听现场音乐会。第四段开头作者提到，devoted
concertgoers认为“录音不能代替现场表演”，但作者认为devoted
concertgoers are missing the
point(现场表演虔诚的追随者没有切中要害)，之后是论据支持作者的观点，作者认为These
recordings are cheap, available
everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic
quality than
today’s live performances，即录音便宜、容
易得到，且通常比今天的现场音乐会有更高的艺
术品质。[D]项overestimate the
value of live
performances(高估了现场表演的价值)是对作者
对于devoted
concertgoers观点的高度概括，故为正确答案。
干扰项：选项[A]意思是“喜欢听现场音乐会的人忽视了现场表演的花销”，原文确实提到
These
recordings are cheap，但是这个选项片面，没有概括性。选项[B]意思是“拒绝大多数
种
类演唱会录音”没有概括出作者对于devoted
concertgoers的观点态度，太浅显，且与原文对
devoted
concertgoers的描述Devoted concertgoers who reply that
recordings are no substitute
for live
performance …存在误差。选项[C]意思是“夸大了现场表演的多样性”，原文没有提到。
解析：推断题。关于recordings，作者主要在第四段加以论述。从第四段第三句“These
recordings are cheap，available
everywhere…”和第四段最后一句“the widespread availability
of
such recordings has thus brought
…。”很容易推断出选项[B] They are easily accessible to the
general public(大众很容易就能得到这些唱片)为正确答案。
干扰项：选项[A]意思是“唱片在质量方面经常是次于现场音乐会”，由第四段第三句
“These
recordings are cheap…very often much higher in
artistic quality than today’s live
performances”
可知选项[A]是错误的。选项[C]“他们帮助提高了音乐的品质”是对文中“These
recordings …very often much higher in artistic
quality than today’s live
performances”的曲解。选
项[D]太过绝对，无法从文中推出。
解析：态度题。本题考查作者对于Gilbert在振兴交响乐团中的作用是什么态度。文章
最后一段，尤其是最后三句提到，“But what will be the nature of
that difference Merely
expanding the
orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If
Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to
succeed,
they must first change the relationship between
America’s oldest orchestra and the
new
audience it hopes to attract。”很明显作者认为“Gilbert与众不同的
实质仅仅是增加了管
弦乐队的节目，这是不够的”，“Gilbert和the Philharmon
ic要想成功，还必须做一些事情”，
由此可知作者不满意Gilbert在振兴交响乐团中的作用。故
[A]项doubtful(怀疑的)为正确答案。
干扰项：[B]项enthusiastic
(充满热情的)和[C]项confident(有信心)为反面干扰项。[D]项
puzzled(迷
惑的)是不符合常识的，作者不可能对其论述的内容迷惑不解，故排除。
Text Two
解析：细节题。题目问到“当McGee宣布他离开时，对他的态度可以最好的描述为
。”
文章首段首句提到，“When Liam McGee departed …, his
explanation was surprisingly straight
up。”，即“当Liam
McGee离开时，他的解释是直率的”，后文具体描述时还提到，“Rather than
cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses,
he came right out and said …”，即“他不是用通常模
糊的理由掩饰他
的离开，而是坦率地说……”，所以正确答案为[B]项frank(坦率的)，是对文中
“strai
ght up”和“right out”的同义替换。
干扰项：[A]项arrogant(傲慢的)是从文中broadcasting his
ambition过度推理而来的，不
能选；[C]项self-
centered(自我为中心的)是从“was very much my decision”主观臆断来
的，不
能选；[D]项impulsive(冲动的)是近义干扰，但是在原文中找不到依据。
解析：细节题。本题问驱使高级管理人员离职的可能原因。文章第二段首先谈到，M
cGee
思考他想要经营什么样的公司，他的离职给外界传递了他的aspirations(渴望)。
第三句And
McGee isn’t alone。谈到不光McGee是这种情况，言外之意是“
很多高级管理人员是同样的
情况”，下面举例谈到“… the No. 2 executives
at Avon and American Express … quit with the
explanation that they were looking for a CEO
post”，即高管辞职是因为他们有新的渴望，追求
新的职业目标。故[D]项their
pursuit of new career goals(他们追求新的职业目标)为正确答案。
干扰项：[A]项中的financial status在本段范围内未提及；[B]项中的reflect
on their private
life是对文中reflect on what kind
of company he wanted to run的严重曲解；[C]项是根据第二
段倒数第
二句编造的选项，选项内容与原文不符且不能回答本题提问，故为干扰项。
解析：
词义题。第四段首句是该段中心句，谈到辞去高级职位寻找更好职位的决定不是
常规的。后文围绕该中心
句论述。要推断的词poached出现在该段第二句中：For years
executives
and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the
most attractive CEO candidates
are the ones
who must be poached。意思是“多年来高官们和猎头坚持这一原则：最新吸引人
的
CEO候选人一定会……”，从含义上我们可以推断出be poached的含义为“被寻找、被注意
到、被重视”的意思。故从[B]项和[C]项中选答案。考虑到[C]项中的hunted for含义正确，
且
是文中出现的headhunters和search的同义替换，证据确凿，故为正确答案。
干扰项：[A]项approved of(被赞成)、[B]项attended
of(被照顾、被看护)含义不准确。[D]
项guarded
against(被预防)与原文意思相反。
解析：推断题。该段第二句提到，The financial crisis has made it
more acceptable to be
between jobs or to leave
a bad one，意思是金融危机使得跳槽或离开糟糕的岗位更可被接受。
后面引用一个猎头的话进
一步证明这一观点，猎头说：传统的规则认为呆在原地更安全，但
是这已经从根本上改变了。那些最受伤
的人们是那些呆最长时间的人。[A]项top performers
used to cling
to their posts(高管过去常常坚持他们的岗位)是对文中“The traditional
rule was
it’s safer to say where you are, but
that’s been fundamentally inverted”的同义替换。
干扰
项：[B]项中提到的loyalty一词是原文没有的概念，“不呆在原岗位”与“忠诚过时”
不是同
一个概念。[C]项是根据该段首句改编的选项，但与首句含义相反。[D]项与本段的核
心信息相反。
解析：本文以Liam McGee的故事开头，他宣布离职的方式非常坦率，两周
后找到了新
职位。第二段继续谈到，McGee在没有找到新职位的情况下离开，这给了他思考未来的时
间，同他一样，高管们离职的原因是要去追求新的职业目标。第三段中心是，高管们更愿意
在没
有新职位的情况下跳槽。第四段的中心是辞去高级职位然后去寻找更好的工作不是常规
做法。第五段谈到
没有工作就跳槽的那些人并不总是很快就有高职位。第六段讲如今跳槽或
离开不好的工作更为可取。文章
一直在重复一个主题“高管们辞职后再去找新工作”，故[C]
项Top Managers Jump
without a Net(高管们在没有新工作的情况下辞职)为正确答案。文中的
“McGee
leaving without a position lined up，deputy chiefs
may be more willing to make the jump
without a
net，to quit a position to look for a better
one，jump without a job”都在重复这个主
题。
干扰项：[A]项CEOs: Where to Go(CEO们：路在何方)，文中并没有谈及CEO们的出
路问
题，故不能概括文章主旨；[B]项CEOs: All the Way Up( CEO们：一
路向上)，很宽泛，没能准
确反映中心；[D]项中的only太过绝对，不能成为文章主旨。
Text Three
解析：细节题。题目“当消费者______
时，可能会造就‘免费’媒体”。定位到第一段第三
句前半句话“Consumers
passionate about a product may create “earned”
media by willingly
promoting it to friends”，意思
是“消费者由于很喜欢某个产品，故主动地将之向朋友推荐，
由此造就了‘免费’媒体”
，选项[D] enthusiastic about recommending their
favorite products(热衷
于向朋友推荐他们最喜欢的产品)。
干扰项：[A] obsessed with online shopping at certain
web sites (沉迷于在某个网站进行网
购)，而文中未提到网络购买。[B]
inspired by product-promotion e-mails sent to them
(受到产
品促销邮件的鼓励)，文中消费者向朋友推荐喜欢的商品是他们的主动行为，而非被动。[C]
eager to help their friends promote quality
products
(热心帮助朋友推荐高质量的产品)，文中是
向朋友推荐，而非帮朋友推荐，故排除。
解析：细节推断题。题目“由第二段可知，收费媒体的特点是_____”。定位到第二段第
四句“We
define such sold media as owned media whose
traffic is so strong that other
organizations
place their content or e-ecommerce engines within
that envrionment”，由此句可
知收费媒体(sold media)是指那些流量非
常大的免费媒体，由于他们的流量如此之大以至于其
他的机构也乐于把自己的产品信息或者电子上午引擎
置于这些免费媒体中，于是就会向免费
媒体购买广告位置(结合本段第三句理解)，由此可知选项[C]
strong user traffic(强大的用户流
量)为正确答案。
干扰项：[A] a safe business environment (安全的商业环境)[B]
random competition (自由
竞争)[D] flexibility in
organization (组织灵活)均非文中信息，无中生有。
解析：细节
题。题目“第三段中，作者认为免费媒体______”。第三段提到免费媒体提供
便利的同时，也带来
了风险，比如可能被利用去传播某个品牌或产品的负面信息，由此可知
选项[B] can be
used to produce negative effects in marketing
(可能会被用来制造对营销不利的
负面影响)正符合此意。
干扰项：[A]
invite constant conflicts with passionate
consumers (导致不断与热情的消费者
产生冲突)，为反向干扰。[C] may be
responsible for fiercer competition
(可能会造成更激烈的
竞争)，非第三段讲解的内容。[D] deserve all the
negative comments about them
(应该受到所
有这些负面的批评)，原文提到会有负面批评，但未提及是他们应得的，为主观臆断。
解析：例证题。题目“Toyota Motor是一个_______的例子”。
定位到末段，末段主要提
到热情的消费者可能会号召其他人抵制某个产品，威胁到产品所属公司的名声，
这时公司的
回应有可能不够迅速、周到。这是本段的核心信息。接下来就拿Toyota
Motor举例，举例
中提到这个公司在公司名声遇到如上提到的危机情况时作出的反应，且成功减轻了
危害程
度。由此可知，例子是对本段中心句的一个反面例子论证公司对hijacked
media的反应。故
选项[A](有效地回应被劫持利用的媒体)为正确答案。
干扰项：[B] persuading customers into boycotting
products (劝说消费者抵制产品)，文中
末段第一句提到了消费者可能会劝说其他人抵制某些
产品，故为张冠李戴。[C] cooperating
with supportive
consumers (与支持自己的消费者合作)，在例子中提到Toyota Motor公司缓解
危机的方式是与消费者直接沟通，这首先属于例子内的信息，不符合例证题的解题思路，其
次沟通交流不
等于合作，故排除。[D] taking advantage of hijacked media
(利用被劫持的媒体)，
文中是消除被劫持媒体带来的危害，而非去利用被劫持的媒体，故排除。
解析：主旨题。题目“这篇文化在那个主要讲述的是______”。本文首段第三
句就提出文
章中心“companies today can exploit many
alternative forms of media”，即虽然传统收费媒体仍
在发挥重大作用，
但是现今的公司可以去选择其他媒体形式。后文主要是介绍其他可选择的
媒体形式，并对其作出评论。故
选项[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media
(与传统收费
媒体对应的其他媒体形式)为正确答案。
干扰项：[B]
Conflict between hijacked and earned media
(被劫持媒体和免费媒体之间的冲
突)[C] Dominance of hijacked
media (被劫持媒体的支配地位)[D] Popularity of owned media
(免
费媒体的普遍性)均为文中的部分信息，不足以概括全文，故都排除。
Text
Four
解析：细节题。题目“Jenifer
Senior在她的文章中认为养育孩子可以带来_____”。定位
到第一段第二句“Senior
suggests that we need to redefine happiness:
instead of thinking of it as
something that
can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should
consider being happy as
a past-tense condition
”，意思是说我们应该把幸福看作为一种“过去时”的状态，而不应该把
它看作为一种可以即时即地的快
乐。最后一句补充道，那些一开始让我们情绪低落的事情，
后来可能会是强烈的满足和快乐感的来源。由
此可知，选项[C] happiness in
retrospect(幸福
的回忆、回顾往事时的幸福感)为正确答案。
干扰项：[A] temporary delight(暂时的快乐)，为反向干扰。[B]
enjoyment in
progress(慢
慢增加的快乐)，不符合原文过去(沮丧)与后来(幸福快乐)的对比。[D]
lasting reward(持久的
回报)为无中生有。
解析：推断
题。题目“由第二段可知_____”。定位到第二段。第二段是承接第一段中心“养
育孩子能成为后来
幸福快乐的源泉”而来的，符合中心表达的意思。而且在第三段首句接着
第二段提到“in a
society that so persistently celebrates procreatio
n(在一个如此赞扬生育的社
会中)”，这是一个承上启下的句子，是对第二段的总结，也符合第一段以
及第二段对养育孩
子的正面评价。故选项[D] having children is
highly valued by the public
(养育孩子受到大众的
高度重视)，是对原文赞扬生育的同义替换，为正确答案。
干扰项：[A] celebrity moms are a permanent source for
gossip (名人妈妈是八卦的不竭来
源)、[B] single mothers with
babies deserve greater attention
(带孩子的单身母亲应该得到更多
的关注)、[C] news about pregnant
celebrities is entertaining
(名人怀孕的新闻更具有娱乐性)，
均偏离文章中心。
解析：细节推断题
。题目“由第三段可知，无儿女的人们会_____”。第三段最后一句but
后面的信息提到，不幸福
但育有儿女的父母很少会遭到挑衅，而去思考他们当初是不是不应
该要孩子，但是不幸福且无儿女的人们
经常会受到一个信息的困扰，即孩子是世界上唯一最
重要的事情。后面又补充道，很明显正是没有孩子这
一人生中的空白导直接导致了他们的痛
苦。故选项[A] are constantly
exposed to criticism (常常是指责的对象)符合此意，为正确答案。
干扰项：[B] are largely ignored by the media (在很大程度上为媒
体所忽视)，媒体关注的
对象的确不是那些不养育孩子的人们，但这不是第三段的内容，故排除。[C]
fail to fulfill their
social responsibilities
(未能履行他们的社会责任)，文中未提到社会责任这一说，而且本文中
心也非讨论不养育孩子人们的社
会责任问题，故排除。[D] are less likely to be satisfied with
their life (更有可能对自己的生活不满)，文中比较的是不幸福的有儿女的父母和不幸福
的无
儿女的人们，但没有明确说哪类人更满意自己的生活，故排除。
解析：细节题。题目中“名人杂志传达的信息是_____”。定位到原文第四段第一句“the
image of parenthood that celebrity magazines
like Us Weekly and People present is hugely
unrealistic”，名人杂志中为人父母的形象是非常不现实的。选项[D]
misleading(误导的)是对
原文unrealistic的同义替换。
干扰选项：[A] soothing (抚慰的，令人宽心的)、[B] ambiguous
(模糊的)、[C] compensatory
(补偿的)均为无中生有。
解析：推断题。题目“从最后一段我们可以推断出如下哪个选项”。定位到最后一段转折
处“But
it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see
every week of stress-free,
happiness-enhancing
parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way
contributing to our
own satisfactions with the
actual experience, in the say way that a small
part of us hoped getting
‘the Rachel’ might
make us just a little bit like Jennifer Anniston”，
意思为我们每周看到的名人
形象(没有压力、提升幸福感的名人形象)会使我们潜意识中对现实经历有所
不满。由此可知，
选项[B] Celebrity moms have influenced
out attitude towards child rearing
(名人妈妈形象影响
了我们对抚养孩子的态度)是正确的。
干扰选项：[A]
Having children contributes little to the glamour
of celebrity
moms(生育孩子
对名人妈妈的魅力影响不大)，与末段第一句相反，为反向干扰。[C]
Having children intensifies
our
dissatisfaction with life(生育孩子加剧了我们对生活的不满)，为反向干扰，原
因：最后一
段第一句提到养孩子在杂志上是魅力无穷的，但在现实中大多数成年人都懂得养孩子不像理<
br>发那么简单，接下来一句转而说杂志上的名人形象到底还是影响到了人们对养育孩子的态
度。[D
] We sometimes neglect the happiness from child
rearing
(我们有时会忽略养育孩子带来
的幸福感)，在原文中没提到忽略这种幸福感，属于无中生有。
Part B
解析：从给出的开头段落G，可以看出这是一篇介绍Louis Menand的书The
Marketplace
of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in
the American University和他的观点的文章，紧接着下面就
应该讲他书中阐释
的问题和他的观点，B选项中开头一句提到his concern，暗示提出问题，
指出美国大学存在
的主要问题。从结构上来看，B选项内容能够合理地与G选项衔接，故
41题正确答案为B选项。
解析：文章的主题是关于“humanities”。上一段提出大
学人文学科正走向没落，所以下
面就紧接着应该解释出现这种现象的原因，42项答案即D或者E，但因
为E在后一项给出，
且有连接词Besides可知，42为D。此外，D选项中首句出现的separ
ate一词，与E选项中
this separation正好构成关联，故42题应选D选项。
解析：A选项指出，没有哪门专业化学科像人文学科这样，需要倾注如此多的热情，
之
后提到获得人文学科的博士学位，需要9年的时间，这一信息可对应E选项中的the
acquisition of a
doctoral，从结构和内容构成了合理的衔接，所以43题应选择A。
解析
：依据43题的选项A，说人文学科获得博士学位的时间长，需要倾注很大的热情，
所以高达一半的英语
博士生在获得学位之前辍学就毫不奇怪了。从剩下的选项中，首先排除
F，因为F的“conclude
”可知F项应为全文的总结。从C的“Equally unsurprisingly，only about
half end up with the jobs they entered
graduate school to get: tenured
professorships。”可知，C
是紧接着A，所以44题选C。
解析：由F选项内容可知，该段进行总结说明，往往也出现在文章末尾，应将F选项放
在文章末段，故F
选项为45题的答案。
Part C Translation
’s
contribution was to take an assumption we all
share---that because we are not robots we
therefore control our thoughts---and reveal
its erroneous nature。
【考查分析】本题考点：同位语从句， 定语从句
【答案解析】本句的主干是Allen’s contribution was to take
an assumption and reveal its
erroneous
nature。破折号后面的that引导同位语从句，对前面的assumption解释说明。We
all share是定语从句，修饰assumption。
【参考译文】我们每个人
都认为：自己不是机器人，因此能够控制自己的思想；爱伦的
贡献在于他研究了这一假说，并揭示其错误
的本质。
we may be able to sustain the
illusion of control through the conscious mind
alone, in
reality we are continually faced
with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this
or achieve
that”
【考查分析】本题考点：状语从句
【答案解析】本句结构特别清晰，主干是While we may be able to sustain
…. ,we are faced
with a
question…。while引导让步状语从句，后面“Why cannot I make
myself do this or achieve
that”是question
的具体内容。本句采用顺译法。
【参考译文】我们或许只通过意识就能维持这种控制的幻觉，但事
实上，我们却总是面
临一个问题：我们为什么不能让自己去做这件事情，实现那个目标呢
seems a justification for neglect of those in
need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of
the superiority of those at the top and the
inferiority of those at the bottom。
【考查分析】本题考点： 省略、介词短语、复杂表语
【答案解析】本句的主体结构为：This
seems a justification and a rationalization。
本句
的难点在于运用很多介词短语作后置定语，介词短语套介词短语，使得宾语非常复杂。“for
neglect of those in need”修饰“justification”、“of
exploration”、“of the superiority”“of the
inferiority” 修饰rationalization。而“of those at
the top”和“of those at the
bottom”又分别修饰
superiority和inferiority。
【参考
译文】这种说法似乎为忽视需要帮助的人找到了借口，使剥削合理化，令上层人
优越，底层人卑微。
seem to be designed to bring out the best
in us, and if we feel that we have been
“wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a
conscious effort to escape from our situation。
【考查分析】本题考点：并列从句，定语从句。
【答案解析】本句主体结构是：circumstances seem to be designed
to…., and if we feel that…
then we are
unlikely to… “环境好像是为…,而设计，如果我们感受到…,我们就不可能…”；
“bring out” 是产生、使…显示出来；“wronged”
是“被冤枉，被委屈”的意思，“be (un)likely to
do” (不) 可能做某事；
【参考译文】环境似乎旨在激发我们的最大潜能，如果我们总感觉“上天不公”，那么不
太
可能会自觉地努力脱离现状。
upside is the
possibilities contained in knowing that everything
is up to us; where before
we were experts in
the array of limitations, now we become
authorities of what is possible.
【考查分析】本题考点：主系表结构、分词短语的用法、连词where引导的状语从句。
【答案解析】本句主体结构为The upside is the
possibilities，译为“正面意义在于可能性”。
Contained in
knowing that everything is up to
us，是过去分词结构作后置定语。分号后面是一
个有连词where引导的状语从句。Where
在这里是“在某种情况下(in what situation, to what
point)的意思。
【参考译文】积极的一面是，既然万事都取决于我们，那么就有无
限可能。以前，我们
能够熟练应对种种局限；现在，我们把握着未来的可能。
Section III Writing
51.小作文
小作文范文：
Dear friend,
I am writing, without
hesitation, to share one of my favorite movies,
Forest Gump, with you,
which is not only
conducive to your study, but also beneficial to
your life。
For one thing, the beautiful
language in this original English movie may
contribute to your
study of English in
listening, speaking, reading and writing. For
another thing, the profound
cultural elements
implicit in the scene will equip you with foreign
cultural background and,
above all, enrich
your daily life。
Would you like to see this
movie after my recommendation Remember to tell me
your
opinion about the movie. I am looking
forward to your early reply。
Yours,
Li
Ming
审题谋篇
11年应用文写作考查的是推荐信。推荐信是向收信人推荐某人做某事的信件。
本
次的推荐信是推荐给好友一部电影，并说明喜欢这部电影的原因。题目中给出的信息
包括：写信的对象(
a friend)，写信的目的(recommend one of your favorite
movies)，信的主体
内容(reasons for your
recommendation)。需要注意的是主体部分至少包括两方面的原因。
文章从布局上
可以分为三段展开。第一段，直接点明主题，开门见山地说出写信意图，
可以笼统地向朋友推荐你喜欢的
电影。第二段则要发挥想象力，从2~3个方面点出你之所以
推荐这部电影的原因。在写第二段时，一定
要打开思路，可写的素材多种多样，如笼统地说
明该电影语言优美，有助于英语学习；同时电影中隐含的
文化要素能够丰富我们的日常生活。
第三段，再次推荐，并盼望回复。
从语域角度讲，这
是一篇给亲密朋友的推荐信，因此用词可较为随和，但语气要真挚，
以达到和朋友沟通和交流的作用。
作文的评分要点包括：1)题目所给的信息点的全面性；2)内容组织的条理性和语言的准
确性；3)根据交际对象采用的话语方式，如正式、一般、非正式的话语等。这封信是写给朋
友的，谈论
的是推荐自己喜欢的电影，因此语气较非正式，随和且真挚；4)标点、拼写和书
写格式要正确，如果影
响交际，产生歧义或令人费解，分数将降低一个档次。
写作技巧
清晰的三段式层次，合情合理，语言要直接，态度真诚，语气随和。
第一段，点明写信的目的是推荐电影。信函开头的可套用句型为：
I am writing
to you to recommend … for …
I take great
pleasure in recommending to you … as …
I
would like to present … for your consideration in
…
With reference to your requirements, I
shall, without reservation, recommend … as…。
第二段，简要概括推荐该电影的原因。
On the one hand,…On the
other hand,…从两个角度提出……；
第三段，再次建议，并盼望回复。可套用句型：
I am convinced that you are willing to see
this movie after my enthusiastic
recommendation。
Your prompt
attention on my recommendations will be highly
appreciated。
52.大作文
大作文范文：
The
terrible scene depicted in the cartoon shows that
some people in our life still lack the
awareness of environmental protection. The
picture illustrates that two tourists are chatting
and
eating happily on a boat and casually
throwing their rubbish into the lake which is full
of litter
and waste. The drawing sets us
thinking too much due to its far-reaching
influence。
Nowadays, though the awareness of
protecting environment is being accepted by more
and
more people, we can still see many
unpleasant scenes especially in scenic spots. Why
does this
phenomenon arise Many factors are
accounting for it. First and foremost, to some
people, the
consciousness of protecting
environment is still not so strong. They may not
think it is a big deal
to throw rubbish
everywhere. In addition, the environmental
management system isn’t so
satisfying. For
example, in some places there’re few regulations
or the implementation is seldom
performed
actually。
From what has been discussed
above, it is urgent to take some effective and
relative
measures. In the first place, we
should continue to conduct more propaganda in
communities
and schools so as to let people
realize the importance of protecting environment.
In the second,
more rules should be made and
carried out by the government to restrain the
conduction of
destroying environment. People
should work together to create clean and beautiful
surroundings。
审题谋篇
本次大作文话题为大家一直计较关
注的环保问题。环境话题在1991年、1999年以及
2000年都曾经考过，所以对各位考生来讲并
不陌生。而且2010年考查的“文化”与2002年
考查的话题一致，因此，话题复现是很自然的。这
同时也告诉未来考生复习往年话题的重要
性。
文章采取总分总结构。第一段描述图画，描
述的内容一定要与主题相关。第一句可以总
写图画，也可以先点明文章观点。接着，第二三句具体描写图
画内容。最后一句再次点题。
第二段揭示产生问题的原因。可以列举2-3个理由。或者写此问题可能导
致的结果。最后一
段提出解决问题的方案或者措施。
写作技巧
The terrible scene depicted in the cartoon shows
that…
The drawing sets us thinking too much
due to …
Many factors are accounting for …