2018届高三英语二模汇编--概要写作
太原工业大学-浙江省第三批分数线
2018届高三英语二模汇编——概要写作
1、2018黄浦二模
Directions: Read the
following passage. Summarize the main idea and the
main point(s) of the passage in no more
than
60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Dangerous Downsides of Perfectionism
In one of my earliest memories, I’m drawing. I
don’t remember what the picture is supposed to be,
but I
remember the mistake. My marker slips,
an unintentional line appears and my lip trembles.
The picture has long
since disappeared. But
that feeling of deep frustration, even shame,
stays with me.
That’s the thing about
perfectionism, a crucially self-defeating way to
move through the world. It makes you
better at
your career and relationships and life in general.
Culturally, we often see perfectionism as a
positive.
But the disadvantage of
perfectionism isn’t just that it holds you back
from being your most successful,
productive-
self. Perfectionistic tendencies have been linked
to a long list of clinical issues: depression,
social anxiety
disorder, eating disorders,
and most damaging of all, suicide
(自杀)
.
“Based upon the 60-odd studies that we’ve
done, the higher the perfectionism is, the more
psychological
disorders you’re going to
suffer,” says York St John University’s Hill.
“Factors often labeled ‘healthy’ perfectionism,
like striving for excellence, aren’t actually
perfectionism at all. They’re just
conscientiousness
(尽职尽责)—
which
explains why people with those tendencies
often have different results in studies.
Perfectionism isn’t interpreted by
working
hard or setting high goals. It’s that critical
inner voice.”
Take the student who works hard
and gets a poor mark. If she tells herself, “I’m
disappointed, but it’s okay; I’m
still a good
person overall,” that’s healthy. If the message
is, “I’m a failure. I’m not good enough,” that’s
perfectionism.
Perfectionists can make
smooth sailing into a storm, a brief ill wind into
a category-five hurricane. Eventually,
the
behaviours perfectionists adapt, actually, do make
them more likely to fail.
答案：Many of us
believe perfectionism is a positive. But
researchers are finding that it is nothing short
of
dangerous, leading to a long list of health
problems and failure in study or life. Besides,
perfectionism is
different from
conscientiousness in that the former is connected
with being particular about oneself. (50
words)
2、2018普陀二模
Better
Memory Causes Boredom
A new study shows that
the better your short-term memory, the faster you
feel fed up and decide you’ve had
enough. The
findings appear in the Journal of Consumer
Research.
Noelle Nelson, assistant professor
of marketing and consumer behavior at the
University of Kansas School of
Business. She
and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University
of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box.
“Something that was interesting to me is that
some people get tired of things at very different
rates. When you
think about pop songs on the
radio, some people must still be enjoying them and
requesting them even after
hearing them a lot.
But a lot of other people are really sick of those
same songs.” The difference, the researchers
1
supposed, might have to do with
memories of past consumption.
The researchers
tested the memory capacity of undergraduates. The
students then viewed a repeating series of
three classic paintings…like The Starry Night,
American Gothic, and The Scream…or listened and
re-listened to a
series of three pop songs…or
three pieces of classical music. Throughout the
test, the participants were asked to
rate
their experience on a scale of zero to ten. And
the better a participant scored in the memory
test, the faster
they got bored.
“We found
that people with larger capacities remembered more
about the music or art, which led to them
getting tired of the music or art more
quickly. So remembering more details actually made
the participants feel
like they’d experienced
the music or art more often.” The findings suggest
that marketers could cope with our
desire for
their products by figuring out ways to distract us
and keep us from fully remembering our
experiences.
We could also trick ourselves
into eating less junk food by recalling the
experience of a previous snack. As for
kids
easily bored, just tell them to forget about it—it
might help them have more fun.
答案：A study
shows if a person has a good short-term memory he
is likely to feel bored quickly. Assuming
memories of past experience may influence the
different rates at which some people feel fed up,
two
researchers conducted a test, relating
students’ memory capacity to their performance,
and got the result.
The findings may apply to
marketing, self-controlling and educating. (60)
3、2018徐汇二模
A Workaholic Economy
Although the output per hour of work has more
than doubled since 1945, leisure seems reserved
largely for
the unemployed and underemployed.
Those who work full-time spend as much time on the
job as they did at the
end of World War Ⅱ. In
fact, working hours have increased noticeably
since 1970. Bookstores now abound with
manuals
describing how to manage time and cope with
stress.
There are mainly two reasons for lost
leisure.
Since 1970, companies have responded
to improvements in the business climate by having
employees work
overtime rather than by hiring
extra personnel. Some firms are even downsizing as
their profits climb. A host of
factors pushes
employers to hire fewer workers for more hours
and, at the same time, compels workers to spend
more time on the job. Most of those
incentives(诱因) involve the structure of
compensation(报酬). The way
salaries and
benefits are organized makes it more profitable to
ask 40 employees to labor an extra hour each than
to hire one more worker to do the same 40-hour
job. Once people are on salary, their cost to a
firm is the same
whether they spend 35 hours a
week in the office or 70. Therefore, it is more
profitable for employers to work
their
existing employees harder.
For all that
employees complain about long hours, they, too,
have reasons not to trade money for leisure.
“People who work reduced hours pay a huge
penalty in career terms,” Bailyn of Massachusetts
Institute of
Technology maintains. “It’s taken
as a negative signal about their commitment to the
firm.” He adds that many
corporate managers
find it difficult to measure the contribution of
their employees to a firm’s well-being, so they
estimate staff productivity in terms of hours
worked. Employees know this, and they adjust their
behavior
accordingly.
答案：People actually
work more hours than before despite the increased
productivity. On one hand, it’s
because the
payment distribution system makes it economical
for companies to have employees work
overtime
than hiring more people. On the other hand,
employees tend to work long hours because their
working time is linked to their contribution
to the firm. (56 words)
2
4、2018杨浦二模
It is universally
true that all parents in the world love their
children. However, as parents’ views of life vary,
they show their love in different ways.
The monarch type of parents are intolerant and
self-centered. They lay down regulations in the
family for
their children to observe.
Furthermore, they insist that their children
should act upon them without question. With
a
firm belief in their own philosophy of life, they
have little respect for others’ opinions, least of
all, their
children’s. The sentence they say
most frequently to their children is, “ you should
do this.”
Contrary to the monarch-type
parents, the servant-type parents revolve around
their children all the time.
They are soft,
good-natured, and easy-going. They never deny
their children any wish, and cheerfully run to buy
anything their children ask for. They are
happy so long as their children are content. With
the sincere belief that
love means sacrifice,
they are ready to give up anything for their
children’s sake. With their children at the center
of their lives, they always ask, “What else
can we do for you?”
The friend-type parents,
as the term implies, treat their children as
friends. They are generous and wise. Like
good
friends, they discuss with their children the
latest news, share their children’s interests, and
listen attentively
to their children’s
expression of emotion, whether it is anger, fear,
joy or sorrow. They have a close relationship
with their children while sticking to their
principled stand. They discuss problems with their
children rather than
provide ready solution.
They respect their children as their equals. They
often say: “Let’s put out heads together
and
see what we can do.”
There is no doubt that
children welcome the third type of parents, for a
free, friendly, and sympathetic
atmosphere at
home is most favorable to the development of
youngsters both in body and in mind. All parents
should re-examine and change some of their
ways of showing their love if they want their
children to grow up
happily and healthily.
答案：Parents are generally classified into
three different types. The monarch-type parents
are self-centered
and dominant, so they
usually force their opinions on children. The
servant-type parents are child-centered,
willing to devote everything to meeting
children’s demands unconditionally. The friend-
type parents are
democratic and wise, who
accompany their children through effective
communication and joint work.
Children favor
the last type.
Parenting differs
depending on parent’s different views of life. The
Monarch-type parents don’t respect
their
children and force regulations upon them. The
servant-type parents willingly sacrifice
everything to
satisfy children’s needs and
wishes. The friend-type parents, the most welcomed
type, are democratic and
friendly while
sticking to their principles. A re-examination of
parenting is necessary for children’s healthy
growth.
5、2018崇明二模
Do
Smartphones Make Us Smarter?
Should teachers
allow cellphones in a classroom? A recent study on
the way smartphones disturb learning
might
help explain the issue. Researchers published
findings showing how students were affected by
their phones
3
in the
classroom. They explored the differences in
student performance in four situations: open phone
use allowed,
phones allowed in the classroom
but could not be used, no phones in the classroom
and a no-instruction control
group. After
watching a 20-minute video, students took a short
quiz. The result was that the students in a room
without any cellphones performed significantly
better on the test. Scientists believe the way we
attach ourselves to
our phones could be the
problem.
Smartphones have become so strongly
established in society that many people are lost
without them. We are
now in an age when many
people can’t imagine life without a phone. There
is even a name for the anxiety caused
by not
having one—nomophobia, which is the powerful
feeling people get when they don’t have signal,
their
battery is about to die, or they are
separated from their phones. Their fear of missing
out on important information
or connections
can have a controlling effect on their lives and
can divide their attention from other important
things like learning.
So does information
technology help or block the way we think? In the
past, people relied heavily on specific
knowledge and knew who in their circle of
friends would be most likely to know things in
different subjects. Now,
our friend with all
the information is the Internet. Indications are
that people don’t remember information as well
if they know they can use a computer or phone
to recall it quickly. So it may be more difficult
to move
information from the Internet into our
long-term memory.
But the impact of being
exposed to so much information isn’t all bad.
Reports show that frequent Internet use
can
strengthen fast-paced problem solving and can
speed up the ability to spot patterns in a lot of
data.
答案：Researchers recently found
smartphones influenced learning. For one thing,
smartphones have
become an essential part of
life, without which people feel at a loss, thus
distracting their attention from
learning. For
another, people rely so heavily on smartphones
that their long-term memory can be affected.
However, having access to a large amount of
information also benefits people in some aspects.
(60 words)
6、2018长宁二模
The
Conflict of the Orders
The types of people who
served as officials in the Roman government
changed over time. These changes
stemmed from
the attempts of common people to more rights. The
struggles became known as the Conflict of the
Orders.
In the early republic, Romans were
divided into two classes of people: patricians and
plebeians. Patricians
were powerful landowners
who controlled the government. As nobles, they
inherited their power. Plebeians, who
made up
most of the population, were mainly farmers and
workers. For many years, plebeians had few rights.
They could vote, but they were barred from
holding most public offices. Plebeians could not
even know Roman
laws because laws were not
written down. In court, a judge stated and applied
the law, but only patricians served
as judges.
Over time, plebeians increased their power
through demand and strikes. They gained the right
to join the
army, hold government office, form
their own assembly, and elect leaders. In one of
their greatest victories, they
forced the
government to write down the laws of the Roman
Republic. In about 450,B.C. the Romans engraved
their laws on tablets called the Twelve
Tables. The laws were placed in the Forum, the
chief public square, for all
to view.
4
The first plebeians were
appointed to the government in the late 400s B.C.
After 342B.C., a plebeian always
held one of
the consul positions. By about 300 B.C. many
plebeians had become so powerful and wealthy
themselves that they joined with patricians to
form the Roman nobility. From that time on, the
distinction between
patricians and plebeians
was not as important. Membership in the nobility
was still very important, however, since
government officials were not paid a salary,
only wealthy nobles could afford to hold office.
Thus, the nobles still
controlled the
republic.
答案：Romans consisted of two classes:
patricians and plebeians. Patricians, the nobles,
inherited power and
controlled the government.
Plebeians, the common people having few rights,
gradually gained rights
through struggles.
Later, many plebeians gained power and wealth and
became nobles. Only the rich could
afford to
hold the unpaid office, so the nobles still
controlled Rome. (55words)
7、2018松江（闵行）二模
Quiet Virtue: The
Conscientious
The everyday signs of
conscientiousness (认真尽责)—being punctual, careful
in doing work,
self-disciplined, and
scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to
responsibilities—are typical characteristics of
the
model organizational citizen, the people
who keep things running as they should. They
follow the rules, help out,
and are concerned
about the people they work with. It’s the
conscientious worker who helps newcomers or
updates people who return after an absence,
who gets to work on time and never abuses sick
leaves, who always
gets things done on
deadline.
Conscientiousness is a key to
success in any field. In studies of job
performance, outstanding effectiveness
for
almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales
and management, depends on conscientiousness.
Among sales
representatives for a large
American car manufacturer, those who were most
conscientious had the largest volume
of sales.
Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲)
against the threat of job loss in today’s
constantly changing
market, because employees
with this quality are among the most valued. For
the sales representatives, their level
of
conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their
sales in determining who stayed on.
But
conscientiousness in the absence of social skills
can lead to problems. Since conscientious people
demand so much of themselves, they can hold
other people to their own standards, and so be
overly judgmental
when others don’t show the
same high levels of model behavior. Factory
workers who were extremely
conscientious, for
example, tended to criticize co-workers even about
failures that seemed unimportant to those
they
criticized, which damaged their relationships.
When conscientiousness takes the form of
living up to expectations, it can discourage
creativity. Success in
creative professions
like art or advertising calls for a balance
between wild ideas and conscientiousness. Without
enough conscientiousness to follow through,
people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show
for their
imaginativeness.
答案：1.
Conscientiousness is the feature of model
organizational employees and keeps the company
functioning successfully.
2.
Conscientiousness has both advantages and
disadvantages.
3. With conscientiousness,
employees give outstanding performance, so they
are less likely to be jobless.
4. Meanwhile,
conscientious people without social skills tend to
have tense relationships with their fellow
5
workers and conscientiousness can
also damage creativity.
8、2018宝山二模
Screen-addicted teens are unhappy
A
new study explored the link between adolescent
life satisfaction and screen time. Researchers
found that
teens who spent more time in front
of screen devices -- playing computer games, using
social media, texting and
video chatting --
were less happy than those who invested more time
in non-screen activities like sports, reading
newspapers and magazines, and face-to-face
social interaction.
Total
screen avoidance doesn't lead to happiness either.
The greater unhappiness among those with no screen
exposure could be due to several factors,
Twenge, the leading researcher said. “It could be
that they are left out of
the social scene of
high school, that it’s very difficult to carry on
friendships in high school these days without
texting at all or being on social media.” It
is also possible that those kids are outliers,
Twenge said — teens with
special needs or in
special education, or those whose screens have
been taken away from them by parents.
The
key to digital media use and happiness is limited
use. The happiest teens used digital media a
little less
than an hour per day. But after a
daily hour of screen time, unhappiness rises
steadily along with increasing screen
time,
the researchers report in the journal Emotion.
you spend seeing friends face-to-face and
exercising -- two activities reliably linked to
greater happiness.
said.
spent on
digital media, and the following decline in in-
person social activities and sleep,
said.
arrival of the smartphone is the most reasonable
explanation for the sudden decrease in teens'
psychological well-being.
答案：Researchers
found Teens who spent less time in front of
screens and more time in non-screen
activities
were happier. But totally avoidingbreaking away
from screens can be unpleasant. Limited use of
digital media along with non-screen activities
works better. The arrival of smartphones brings
about teens’
negative psychological effects.
( 47 words )
9、2018奉贤二模
The
sharing economy has grown in recent years to
include everything from apartment sharing to car
sharing
to community tool sharing.
Since
2009, a new form of the sharing economy has been
emerging in neighbourhoods throughout the US
and around the world – Little Free Libraries.
The libraries are boxes put in neighbourhoods from
which local
people can take out and put in
books. Little Free Libraries come in all shapes
and sizes. Some libraries also have
themes,
focusing on books for children, adults or tour
guides.
6
In 2009, Tod Bol
built the first Little Free Library in the
Mississippi River town of Hudson, Wisconsin, to
honour his mother, who loved reading. When he
saw the people of his community gathering around
it, exchanging
conversation as well as books,
he knew he wanted to take his simple idea further.
Since then, his idea has become a movement,
spreading from state to state and country to
country. According
to , there are now 18,000
of the little boxes around the world, found in
each of the 50 US
states and 70 countries in
Europe, Africa and Asia.
The Internet has
helped to spread Little Free Libraries. But an
Atlantic article said that they are something
different in a world of e-reader downloads.
The little wooden boxes are refreshingly physical
and human. When
you open the door of the box,
chance and your neighbours’ tastes determine what
you’ll find. You might find a
graphic novel, a
cookbook or a tour guidebook.
For many people,
this sense of discovery is Little Free Libraries’
main appeal. “A girl walking home from
school
might pick up a graphic novel that gets her
excited about reading; a man on his way to the bus
stop might
find a book of poetry that changes
his view on life,” said The Atlantic article.
“Every book is a potential source of
inspiration.”
答案：Little Free Libraries,
composed of all sizes of boxes with various
themes, have sprung up in
neighborhoods across
the world. Tod Bol established the first one to
honor his mother fond of reading. After
that,
the idea spread internationally online. Different
from e-reader downloads, books inside the wooden
boxes can make readers excited or change their
views etc. by inspiring them.
10、2018嘉定二模
题目与长宁区相同
11、2018浦东二模
Every time there is a
mass shooting, the debate surrounding guns tends
to flare up in America. The abuse of
guns has
been a serious problem in the US all along, but
why doesn’t the US government just dismiss owning
guns privately?
The right to own a gun
and defend oneself is central to American society.
As early as the 1600s, when the
first
Europeans set foot on the continent of North
America, they had to face a lot of dangers. They
could only rely
on themselves. Therefore, guns
played a significant role in self-defense. Guns
were also important in America’s
Independent
War and the Civil War.
Secondly, the American
founding fathers believed that gun ownership was
necessary for a truly free country.
If the
government distrusts the people and disarms them,
then that government no longer represents the
people.
The Second Amendment to the US
Constitution specifies that the American people
cannot be deprived of the“right
to keep and
bear arms.”So the sale and purchase of firearms
are legal in the United States according to law.
The importance of guns is also derived from
the role of hunting in American culture. In the
nation’s early
years, hunting was essential
for food and shelter. Today, guns are a vital part
of hunting, which remains very
popular as both
a sport and a way of life in many parts of the
country. People spend time with friends, sharing
the
7
pleasure that the sport
brings.
For those reasons, when critics say
guns mean violence, they miss a large part of the
picture, and they
misrepresent the complex
nature of America’s diverse gun culture. Most
people who own guns privately, are
actually
part of the gun culture. They have rational and
thoughtful reasons to own and use guns.
答案：The
US government doesn’t ban guns for the following
reasons. Firstly, guns serve as a means of
self-defense. Besides, the possession of a gun
is a symbol of freedom. Finally, guns are
important because
hunting is still popular in
people’s life as a sport. Despite the disputes,
Americans are entitled to the use of
guns. (55
words)
12、2018静安二模
African
elephants are in trouble. Their numbers have
fallen violently from as many as ten million a
hundred years
ago to as few as 400,000 today.
Losses are largely from poaching（偷猎） for the
illegal ivory trade, and also
because of the
smaller living space for elephants, as people open
up land for farming and development.
Killing
some elephants to help save the species is one
suggested strategy for preserving them. Here’s the
thinking: Invite rich hunters to pay generous
fees to shoot specified numbers of elephants, and
use that money as
sources for various
conservations.
Some people claim that trophy
hunting can provide generous financial support for
people to conserve and
restore wild elephant
numbers, protect wildlife from poaching, and to
help give local communities a boost in
economy. Doing that, the theory goes, poor
villagers won’t need to poach elephants to feed
their families.
To look into the new business
closely, the trophy hunting industry does not
provide significant benefits to the
communities where it occurs. Across Africa,
there are only about 15,000 hunting-related jobs
created by the
business—a tiny number,
especially considering that the six main game-
hunting countries alone have a population
of
nearly 150 million.
Besides that, it is true
the total income from trophy hunting is
substantial. Take an unnamed area for example,
the total income to wild conservancies from
trophy hunting, amounted to $$165,000. Six years
later, this is
expected to increase almost
tenfold to $$1,330,000. Yet after various kinds of
processing fees and expenses are
reduced, the
local communities make an average of only ten
cents a hectare (25 cents an acre) from trophy
hunting.
The return is so small that it justly
explains locals’ lack of interest in preserving
hunting areas and their continued
poaching.
答案：African elephants are endangered with
greatly reduced numbers due to unlawful poaching
and
shrinking habitat. Trophy hunting, legal
elephant shooting for conservation fund, is
considered a solution.
According to some, it
helps maintain elephant population and benefits
local economy. However, it turns
out the
business employs few people and hunt fee trickling
down to local villagers and communities is
minimal.
13、2018青浦二模
Ban
the Bag!
Standing in line at the grocery store
last week, I watched the woman in front of me buy
a tube of toothpaste.
8
As the
clerk placed her purchase in a plastic bag, I
couldn’t help wondering how long it would take for
that bag to
end up in the trash. Then I
noticed the big purse the woman was carrying and
wondered why she had needed a
plastic bag at
all.
People have come to rely on plastic bags
as everything from shopping bags for groceries to
trash-can bags.
Although plastic bags can be
recycled, only about one percent of those used in
the United States are. Instead, after
helping
people transport items from one place to another,
most are thrown away. They end up in landfills,
where it
can take a plastic bag up to a
thousand years to decay. Some bags end up
elsewhere in the environment, sticking to
trees and fences, blocking rivers and oceans,
or floating along city sidewalks.
Plastic bags
harm the environment in several ways. First, they
break down into particles that pollute our soil
and water. Because most plastic bags are made
of polyethylene, a product derived from crude oil
(原油) or natural
gas, they waste nonrenewable
resources. Plastic bags can also harm animals.
Scientists estimate that more than
one million
sea animals, including whales, seabirds, and
turtles, die each year from intaking or becoming
stranded
in plastic.
People all over the
world are starting to recognize the problems
associated with plastic bags. Countries such
as China, South Africa, Switzerland, and
Uganda are taking action and banning the bags.
Other nations, including
Italy and Ireland,
have been trying to restrict the use of plastic
bags by taxing them. In the United States more and
more communities are ridding themselves of
plastic bags. Now more and more people are also
purchasing
inexpensive, reusable bags and
using them when they shop. If we all take this
simple step, we can be a part of a
“green”
revolution.
答案：Plastic bags are widely
applied in day-to-day deals, but very few of them
are properly recycled,
harming the environment
greatly. They could pollute or waste resources and
cause harm to animals.
Thankfully, many
countries have become aware of the seriousness,
limiting or banning the use of them.
More
individuals are joining in the campaign for an
environmentally-friendly society. (58 words)
14、2018虹口二模
Clearly if we are to
participate in the society in which we live, we
must communicate with other people. A
great
deal of communicating is performed on a person-to-
person basis by the simple means of speech. If we
travel
in buses, buy things in shops, or eat
in restaurants, we are likely to have
conversations where we give information
or
opinions, receive news or comment and very likely
have our views challenged by other members of
society.
Face-to face contact is by no means
the only form of communication and during the last
two hundred years
the art of mass
communication has become one of the dominating
factors of current society. Two things, above
others, have caused the enormous growth of the
communication industry. Firstly, inventiveness has
led to
advances in printing,
telecommunications, photography, radio and
television. Secondly, speed has revolutionized
the transmission and reception of
communications so that local news often takes a
back seat to national news,
which itself is
often almost eclipsed (失去优势) by international
news.
No longer is the possession of
information restricted to a wealthy minority. In
the last century the wealthy
man with his own
library was indeed fortunate, but today there are
public libraries. Forty years ago, people used to
go to the cinema, but now far more people sit
at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that
is being
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channeled into
millions of homes.
Communication is no longer
merely concerned with the transmission of
information. The modern
communication
influences the way people live in society and
broadens their horizons by allowing access to
information, education and entertainment. The
printing, broadcasting and advertising industries
are all involved
with informing, educating and
entertaining.
答案：The passage talks about some
changes of communication. First, the art of mass
communication
promoted by inventiveness and
speed is one of the determining factors in the
form of communication.
Second, the possession
of information belongs to the masses, not wealthy
minority only. Third, modern
communication is
crucial to people’s lifestyle and broadens
people’s horizons. (59ws)
15、2018金山二模
As technology grows, many university
instructors are finding ways to guide online
learning platforms into
their classrooms.
Programs such as Blackboard, WebCT and Moodle
allow teachers to post reading assignments,
PowerPoint presentations, lecture notes and
quizzes for students to complete outside of class.
While posting
lessons online can be friendly
to students' communication styles and easily
accessible, they also cause
disadvantages.
One disadvantage is that it may encourage
students to depend on technology in the classroom.
Instead of
physical textbooks, many now bring
cellphones to access materials during class
discussions. While electronic
devices can be
valuable learning tools, they also can lead to
distractions from learning, such as social
networking
and online games. It is extremely
difficult for students being exposed to multiple
electronic tasks to focus or
remember key
information.
A second disadvantage is that
online lessons open up potential for cheating.
Many instructors require students
to complete
quizzes, post within discussion groups or submit
major assignments online. As a result, there are
some
students having someone else complete
their assignments. A contributing factor is that
online assignments are best
suitable for those
self-motivated, self-directed students. Students
who struggle with organization and completing
assignments may find it easy to cheat online.
In spite of these disadvantages, educators can
take steps to make sure students use online
lessons responsibly.
If instructors are
uncomfortable with electronic devices in the
classroom, they can require students to print out
assignments and readings to reference during
sessions. To prevent cheating, teachers can use
online assignments
as a supplement to
traditional in-class work, or create open-ended
assignments rather than using assignments like
multiple-choice quizzes that have only one
right answer. Being familiar with what the
platform looks like from a
student perspective
also can help instructors avoid potential
pitfalls.
答案：Introducing online learning
platform to university classrooms has two
disadvantages: students’
dependence on
technology in the classroom and possibility for
cheating. However, educators can find
solutions to the problems. Furthermore,
students can be asked to take paper files in class
and be given
supplementary online homework or
open-ended assignment. Teachers’ familiarity with
the platform is
helpful. (56words)
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