学雷锋的作文-廉洁从业心得体会

FOREIGN TRADE DEFINITIONS
美国对外贸易定义(1941年修订本)

《美国对外贸易定义》是由美国几个商 业团体制定的。它最早于1919年在纽约制定，原称
为《美国出口报价及其缩写条例》，后来于194 1年在美国第27届全国对外贸易会议上对该
条例作了修订，命名为《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订 本》。
《美国对外贸易定义》中所解释的贸易术语共有六种，分别为：
1．Ex(Point of Origin，产地交货)；
2．FOB(Free on Board，在运输工具上交货)；
3．FAS(Free Along Side，在运输工具旁边交货)；
4．C＆F(Cost and Freight，成本加运费)；
5. CIF(Cost，Insurance and Freight，成本加保险费、运费)；
6．Ex Dock(Named Port of Importation，目的港码头交货)。
然而，由于国际商会制定 的《国际贸易术语解释通则》在国际上的影响越来越大，绝大多
数 国际贸易从业人员都接受了《通则》的解释，美国制定《定义》的团体已同意不再继续
使用该项定义。

The following definitions of the National Foreign Trade Council, Inc., are reproduced for
information purposes only. They are NOT to be construed as part of the National Oilseed
Processors Association trading rules. They are reprinted through the courtesy of National Foreign
Trade Council, Inc., the Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, and the National
Council of American Importers, Inc.
Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941, Adopted July 30, 1941, by a Joint Committee
representing the Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, the National Council of
American Importers, Inc., and the National Foreign Trade Council, Inc.
（颁布日期：1941年7月30日 实施日期:1941年7月30日 时效性:有效)

FOREWORD序 言
Since the issuance of American Foreign Trade Definitions in 1919. many changes in practice have
occurred. The 1919 Definitions did much to clarify and simplify foreign trade practice, and
received wide recognition and use by buyers and sellers throughout the world. At the
Twenty-Seventh National Foreign Trade Convention, 1940, further revision and clarification of
these Definitions was urged as necessary to assist the foreign trader in the handling of his
transactions.
一九一九年《美国对外贸易 定义》的出版曾在澄清与简化对外贸易实务方面起过不少作用，
并得到世界各国买卖双方的广泛承认和使 用。但自该定义出版以后，贸易习惯已有很多变化，
因而在一九四○年举行的第二十七届全国对外贸易会 议上强烈要求对它作进一步的修订与
澄清，认为这对帮助对外贸易商处理业务是必要的。

The following Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions—1941 are recommended for general
use by both exporters and importers. These revised definitions have no status at law unless there
is specific legislation providing for them, or unless they are confirmed by court decisions. Hence,
it is suggested that sellers and buyers agree to their acceptance as part of the contract of sale.
These revised definitions will then become legally binding upon all parties.

兹推荐《美国对外贸易定义一九四一年修正本》供进口和出 口商人共同使用。此项修正本并
无法律效力，除非有专门的立法规定或为法院判决所认可。因此，为使其 对各有关当事人产
生法律上的约束力，建议买方与卖方接受此定义作为买卖合同的一个组成部分。

In view of changes in practice and procedure since 1919, certain new responsibilities for sellers
and buyers are included in these revised definitions. Also, in many instances, the old
responsibilities are more clearly defined than in the 1919 Definitions, and the changes should be
beneficial both to sellers and buyers. Widespread acceptance will lead to a greater
standardization of foreign trade procedure, and to the avoidance of much misunderstanding
鉴于一九一九年以来贸易习惯和手续的演变，这次修正的定义中包括了卖方和 买方的一些
新的 责任，并且在许多方面，对原有责任的解释也比一九一九年定义的解释清楚一些，这些
修改对卖方和买方 都是有益的。广泛接受这次修订的定义，将 导致对外贸易手续的标准化，
并避免许多误解。

Adoption by exporters and importers of these revised terms will impress on all parties concerned
their respective responsibilities and rights.
卖方和买方采用此修正的定义，将使各有关当事人对其责任和权利更加明确。

General Notes of Caution注意要点
1. As foreign trade definitions have been issued by organizations in various parts of the world,
and as the courts of countries have interpreted these definitions in different ways, it is important
that sellers and buyers agree that their contracts are subject to the Revised American Foreign
Definitions—1941 and that the various points listed are accepted by both parties.
由于世界各地有很多机构都分别提出了对外贸易定义，而很多国家的法院 对这些定义各有
不同的解释，所以由卖方和买方一致同意他们所订的合同以《美国 对外贸易定义一九四一
年修正本》为准，并接受《定义》所列各点，这是很有必要的。

2. In addition to the foreign trade terms listed herein, there are terms that are at times used,
such asFree Harbor, C.I.F.&C. (Cost, Insurance, Freight, and Commission), C.I.F.C.&I. (Cost,
Insurance, Freight, Commission, and Interest), C.I.F. Landed (Cost, Insurance, Freight, Landed),
and others. None of these should be used unless there has first been a definite understanding as
to the exact meaning thereof. It is unwise toattempt to interpret other terms in the light of the
terms given herein. Hence, whenever possible, one of the terms defined herein should be used.
除下列对外贸易的术语外，还有一些有时使用的术语，如港口交货（Free Harbor），成本加
保险费、运费、佣金（C.I.F.&C.），成本加保险费、运费、利息（C.I.F.C.&I.） ，成本加保险费、
运费、佣金、利 息（C.I.F.C.&I.），成本加保险费、运费并卸到岸上（C.I.F. Landed），以及其他。除非事先已经准确地理解它们的确切含义，这些术语都不宜使用。想借用本《定义》所
列术语的 解释去阐述其他术语是不明智的， 因此，只要有可能，就应援用已经在这里下了
定义的术语。

3. It is unwise to use abbreviations in quotations or in contracts which might be subject to
misunderstanding.
在报价或合同中，使用容易被误解的缩写是不明智的。

4. When making quotations, the familiar terms “hundredweight” or “ton” should be avoided.
A hundredweight can be 100 pounds of the short ton, or 112 pounds of the long ton. A ton can
be a short ton of 2,000 pounds, or a metric ton of 2,204.6 pounds, or a long ton of 2,240 pounds.
Hence, the type of hundredweight or ton should be clearly stated in quotations and in sales
confirmations. Also, all terms referring to quantity, weight, volume, length, or surface should be
clearly defined and agreed upon.
在报价中，应避免使用常见的“英担”（ hundredweight） 或“吨”（ ton）。因 为一英担可
以是短吨的１００磅或长吨的１１２磅，一吨可以是2,000磅的短吨或2,204.6磅 的公吨，
也可以是2,204.6磅的 长吨，所以在报价和售货确认书中，对“英担”或“吨”要明确 表示
它所代表的实际重量，同样，关于数量、重量、体积、长度或面积等单位也应该经双方一致
同意 作出明确的说明。

5. If inspection, or certificate of inspection, is required, it should be agreed, in advance, whether
the cost thereof is for account of seller or buyer.
如货物需经检验或需要检验证书，则双方事先应协议明确该费用由卖方或 由买方负担。

6. Unless otherwise agreed upon, all expenses are for the account of seller up to the point at
which the buyer must handle the subsequent movement of goods.
除另有协议外，卖方应负担一切费用，直至货物到达买方必须负责随后运 送事宜的地点为
止。

7. There are a number of elements in a contract that do not fall within the scope of these foreign
trade definitions. Hence, no mention of these is made herein. Seller and buyer should agree to
these separately when negotiating contracts. This particularly applies to so-called “customary”
practices.
合同中还有很多组成部分不属于对外贸易定义的范围，因此，在本《定义 》中未予述及。
对此，双方应在磋商合同时另行议定，对于所谓“惯常的”做法尤 应如此。

DEFINITIONS OF QUOTATIONS价格术语定义
(I) EX (Point of Origin)
“EX FACTORY,” “EX MILL,” “EX MINE,”
“EX PLANTATION,” “EX WAREHOUSE,” etc. (named point of origin)
Under this term, the price quoted applies only at the point of origin, and the seller agrees to
place the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the agreed place on the date or within the period
fixed.
产地交货ＥＸ（Point of Origin）“制造厂交货”， “矿山交货”，“农场交货”，“仓库交货”
等（指定产地）“EX FACTORY”，“ EX MILL”，“ EX MINE”，“ EX PLANTATION”，“ EX WAREHOUSE”，
etc.．（named point of origin） 按此术语，所报价格仅适用于原产地交货，卖方同意在规定
日期或期限内在双 方商定地点将货物置于买方控制之下。

Under this quotation: 在此报价下：
Seller must: 卖方责任：
(1) bear all costs and risks of the goods until such time as the buyer is obliged to take delivery
thereof;

承担货物的一切费用和风险，直至买方应负责提货时为止。

(2) render the buyer, at the buyer’s request and expense, assistance in obtaining the documents
issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for
purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.
在买方请求并由其负担费用的情况下，协助买方取得原产地及／或装运 地国家签发的为货
物出口或在目的地进口所需的各种证件。

Buyer must: 买方责任：
(1) take delivery of the goods as soon as they have been placed at his disposal at the agreed place
on the date or within the period fixed;
(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;
(3) bear all costs and risks of the goods from the time when he is obligated to take delivery
thereof;
（１）在货物按规定日期或期限内送抵约定地点并置于买方控制下时，应立即 受领。
（２）支付出口税及因出口而征收的其他税捐费用。
（３）从买方应负责受领货物之时起，承担货物的一切费用和风险。

(4) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin,
or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purposes of exportation, or of
importation at destination.
支付因领取原产地及／或装运地国家签发的，为货物出口或在目的地进 口所需的各种证件
的全部费用。

(II) F.O.B. (Free on Board)
NOTE: Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the “Comments on All
F.O.B. Terms” given at end of this section (p. A-4) in order to understand fully their respective
responsibilities and rights under the several classes of “F.O.B.” terms.
注：为充分了解在各种Ｆ．Ｏ．Ｂ．价格术语下相应的责任和权利，买卖双方 不仅应考虑
本定义，还须明了本节附录的“有关各种Ｆ．Ｏ．Ｂ．价格术语的注解 ”。

(Il-A) “F.O.B. (named inland carrier at named inland point of departure)”1
Under this term, the price quoted applies only at inland shipping point, and the seller arranges
for loading of the goods on, or in, railway cars, trucks, lighters, barges, aircraft, or other
conveyance furnished for transportation.
“在内陆指定发货地点的指定内陆运输工具上交货” F.O.B. （named inland carrier at named
inland point of departure）按此术语，所报的价格仅适用于：在内陆装运地点，由卖方安排
并将货物装于 火车、卡车、驳船、拖船、飞机或其他供运输用的载运工具之上。
Under this quotation: 在此报价下：
Seller must: 卖方责任：
(1) place goods on, or in, conveyance, or deliver to inland carrier for loading;
(2) provide clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt, freight collect;
(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until goods have been placed in, or on,
conveyance at loading point, and clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt has been

furnished by carrier;
(4) render the buyer, at the buyer’s request and expense, assistance in obtaining documents
issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for
purposes of exportation or of importation at destination.
（１）将货物装在载运工具上，或提交内陆承运人装运。
（２）提供清洁提单或其他运输收据，注明运费到付。
（３）承担货物的任何灭失及／或损坏的责任，直至货物在装运地被装上载运 工具，并取
得承运人出具的清洁的提单或其他运输收据为止。
（４）在买方请求并由其负担费用的情况下，协助买方取得原产地及／或装运 地国家签发
的、为货物出口或在目的地进口所需的各种证件。

Buyer must: 买方责任：
(1) be responsible for all movement of the goods from inland point of loading, and pay all
transportation costs;
(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;
(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, incurred after loading at named inland point
of departure;
(4) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin,
or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purposes of exportation, or of
importation at destination.
（１）负责货物自内陆装货地点装运后的一切运送事宜，并支付全部运输费用 。
（２）支付出口税及因出口而征收的其他税捐费用。
（３）承担在指定的内陆起运地点装运后所发生的任何灭失及或损坏的责任。
（４）支付因领取由原产地及／或装运地国家签发的、为货物出口或在目的地 进口所需各
种证件的全部费用。

(Il-B) “F.O.B. (named inland carrier at named inland point of departure) FREIGHT PREPAID TO
(name point of exportation)” Under this term, the seller quotes a price including transportation
charges to the named point of exportation and prepays freight to named point of exportation,
without assuming responsibility for the goods after obtaining a clean bill of lading or other
transportation receipt at named inland point of departure.
“在内陆指定的发货地点的指定内陆运输工具上交货，运费预付到指定的出口地点” F.O.B.
(named inland carrier at named inland point of departure) FREIGHT PREPAID TO (name point of
exportation)” 按引术语，卖方所报价格包括把货物运至指定出口地点的运输费用，并预 付
至出口地点的运费。卖方在内陆指定起运地点取得清洁提单或其他运输 收据后，对货物不
再承担责任。
Under this quotation: 在此报价下：
Seller must: 卖方责任：
(1) assume the seller’s obligations as under Il-A, except that under (2) he must provide clean bill
of lading or other transportation receipt, freight prepaid to named point of exportation.
承担（Ⅱ-Ａ）项下规定的卖方责 任，但其中第（２）点除外。卖方必须提供清洁的提单或
其他运输收据，并预付至指定出口地点的运费。
Buyer must: 买方责任：

(1) assume the same buyer’s obligations as under Il-A, except that he does not pay freight from
loading point to named point of exportation.
承担（Ⅱ-Ａ）项下规定的买方责任，但无须支付从装货地点至指定出口地点的运费。

(Il-C) “F.O.B. (named inland carrier at named inland point of departure) FREIGHT ALLOWED TO
(named point)” Under this term, the seller quotes a price including transportation charges to the
named point, shipping freight collect and deducting the cost of transportation without assuming
responsibility for the goods after obtaining a clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt at
named inland point of departure.
“在指定的内陆发货地点的指定内陆运输工具上交货，减除至指定出口地点的运费” “F.O.B.
(named inland carrier at named inland point of departure) FREIGHT ALLOWED TO (named point)”
按此术语，卖方所报价格，包括货物至指定地点的运输费用，但注明运费到付 ，并将由卖
方在 价金内减除。卖方在指定内陆起运地点取得清洁的提单或其他运输收据后，对货物不再
承担责任。
Under this quotation: Seller must: 在此报价下：卖方责任：
(1) assume the same seller’s obligations as under Il-A, but deducts from his invoice the
transportation cost to name point.
承担（Ⅱ-Ａ）项下规定的卖方责任，但运至指定地点的运输费用应在发票中减除。

Buyer must: 买方责任：
(1) assume the same buyer’s obligations as under Il-A, including payment of freight from inland
loading point to named point, for which seller has made deduction.
承担（Ⅱ-Ａ）项下规定的买方责任，但要负责支付卖方已减除的由内陆装运地 点到指定地
点的运费。

(Il-D) “F.O.B. (named inland carrier at named point of exportation)” Under this term, the seller
quotes a price including the costs of transportation of the goods to named point of exportation,
bearing any loss or damage, or both, incurred up to that point.
“在指定出口地点的指定内陆运输工具上交货” “F.O.B. (named inland carrier at named point
of exportation)” 按此术语，卖方所报的价格，包括将货物运至指定出口地点的运输费用，
并承担直至上述地点的任何灭失 及／或损坏的责任。
Under this quotation: 在此报价下：
Seller must: 卖方责任：
(1) place goods on, or in, conveyance, or deliver to inland carrier for loading;
(2) provide clean bill of lading or other transportation receipt, paying all transportation costs
from loading point to named point of exportation;
(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until goods have arrived in, or on, inland
conveyance at the named point of exportation;
(4) render the buyer, at the buyer’s request and expense, assistance in obtaining the documents
issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for
purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.
（１）将货物装在载运工具上，或交给内陆承运人装运。
（２）提供清洁的提单或其他运输收据，并支付由装运地点至指定出口地点的 一切运输费

用。
（３）承担货物的一切灭失及／或损坏责任，直至装于内陆载运工具上的货物 抵达指定出
口地点为止。
（４）在买方请求并由其负担费用的情况下，协助买方取得原产地及／或装运 地国家签发
的、为货物出口或在目的地进口所需的各种证件。

Buyer must: 买方责任：
(1) be responsible for all movement of the goods from inland conveyance at named point of
exportation;
(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;
(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, incurred after goods have arrived in, or on,
inland conveyance at the named point of exportation;
(4) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents issued in the country of origin,
or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either for purposes of exportation, or of
importation at destination.
（１）承担货物在出口地点内陆载运工具上时起的全部运转责任。
（２）支付出口税及因出口而征收的其他税捐费用。
（３）承担从装于内陆载运工具上的货物抵达指定出口地点时起的一切灭失及 ／或损坏的
责任。
（４）支付因领取由原产地及／或装运地国家签发的、为货物出口或在目的地 进口所需各
种证件所发生的一切费用。

(Il-E) “F.O.B. VESSEL (named port of shipment)” Under this term, the seller quotes a price
covering all expenses up to, and including, delivery of the goods upon the overseas vessel
provided by, or for, the buyer at the named port of shipment.
（Ⅱ-Ｅ）“指定装运港船上交货” “F.O.B. VESSEL (named port of shipment)” 按此术语，卖
方所报价格包括在指定装运港将货物交到由买方提供或为买方提供 的海洋轮船上的全部费
用。
Under this quotation: 在此报价下：
Seller must: 卖方责任：
(1) pay all charges incurred in placing goods actually on board the vessel designated and provided
by, or for, the buyer on the date or within the period fixed;
(2) provide clean ship’s receipt or on-board bill of lading;
(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until goods have been placed on board the
vessel on the date or within the period fixed;
(4) render the buyer, at the buyer’s request and expense, assistance in obtaining the documents
issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for
purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.
（１）支付在规定日期或期限内，将货物实际装载于买方提供的或为买方提供 的轮船上而
发生的全部费用。
（２）提供清洁的轮船收据或已装船提单。
（３）承担货物一切灭失及／或损坏责任，直至在规定日期或期限内，已将货 物装载于轮
船上为止。
（４）在买方请求并由其负担费用的情况下，协助买方取得由原产地及／或装 运地国家签

发的、为货物出口或在目的地进口所需的各种证件。

Buyer must: 买方责任：
(1) give seller adequate notice of name, sailing date, loading berth of, and delivery time to, the
vessel;
(2) bear the additional costs incurred and all risks of the goods from the time when the seller has
placed them at his disposal if the vessel named by him fails to arrive or to load within the
designated time;
(3) handle all subsequent movement of the goods to destination:
(a) provide and pay for insurance;
(b) provide and pay for ocean and other transportation;
(4) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;
(5) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, after goods have been loaded on board the
vessel;
(6) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents, other than clean ship’s receipt
or bill of lading, issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required
for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.
（１）将船名、开航日期、装船泊位及交货时间明确地通知卖方。
（２）当卖方已将货物交由买方控制，但由于买方指定轮船未能在规定时间内 到达或不能
装货而发生的额外费用及全部风险，由买方承担。
（３）办理有关货物随后运至目的地的一切运转事宜：
ａ办理保险并支付其费用；
ｂ提供船舶或其他运输工具并支付其费用。
（４）支付出口税及因出口而征收的其他税捐费用。
（５）承担货物装上船后的一切灭失及／或损坏责任。
（６）支付因领取由原产地及／或装运地国家签发的、为货物出口或在目的地 进口所需的
各种证件（但清洁的轮船收据或提单除外）而发生的一切费用。

(Il-F) “F.O.B. (named inland point in country of importation)” Under this term, the seller quotes a
price including the cost of the merchandise and all costs of transportation to the named inland
point in the country of importation.
“进口国指定内陆地点交货” “F.O.B. (named inland point in country of importation)” 按此
术语，卖方所报价格包括货价及运至进口国指定内陆地点的全部运输费用。
Under this quotation: 在此报价下：
Seller must: 卖方责任：
(1) provide and pay for all transportation to the named inland point in the country of
importation;
(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;
(3) provide and pay for marine insurance;
(4) provide and pay for war risk insurance, unless otherwise agreed upon between the seller and
buyer;
(5) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until arrival of goods on conveyance at the
named inland point in the country of importation;
(6) pay the costs of certificates of origin, consular invoices, or any other documents issued in the

country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require for the importation of
goods into the country of destination and, where necessary, for their passage in transit through
another country;
（１）负责安排货物运至进口国指定地点的全部运输事宜，并支付其费用。
（２）支付出口税及因出口而征收的其他税捐费用。
（３）办理海洋运输保险并支付其费用。
（４）除买卖双方另有约定外，投保战争险并支付其费用。
（５）承担货物的一切灭失及／或损坏责任，直至装在载运工具上的货物抵达 进口国的指
定内陆地点为止。
（６）支付因取得产地证、领事发票或其他由原产地及／或装运地国家签发的 为货物在目
的地进口及必要时经由第三国过境运输所需要的各种证件的费用。

(7) pay all costs of landing, including wharfage, landing charges, and taxes, if any;
(8) pay all costs of customs entry in the country of importation;
(9) pay customs duties and all taxes applicable to imports, if any, in the country of importation.
（７）支付全部的各项起岸的费用，包括码头捐、起岸费及税捐等。
（８）支付在进口国的一切报关费用。
（９）支付进口国的关税和一切适用于进口的税捐等。

NOTE: The seller under this quotation must realize that he is accepting important responsibilities,
costs, and risks, and should therefore be certain to obtain adequate insurance. On the other hand,
the importer or buyer may desire such quotations to relieve him of the risks of the voyage and to
assure him of his landed costs at inland point in country of importation. When competition is
keen, or the buyer is accustomed to such quotations from other sellers, seller may quote such
terms, being careful to protect himself in an appropriate manner.
Buyer must: 买方责任：
(1) take prompt delivery of goods from conveyance upon arrival at destination;
(2) bear any costs and be responsible for all loss or damage, or both, after arrival at destination.
（１）载运工具抵达目的地时，应立即受领货物。
（２）负担货物到达目的地后的一切费用和灭失及／或损坏的责任。
Comments On All F.O.B. Terms 有关各种F.O.B.价格术语的注解
In connection with F.O.B. terms, the following points of caution are recommended:
关于各种F.O.B.价格术语，请注意下列各点：
1. The method of inland transportation such as trucks, railroad cars, lighters, barges, or aircraft
should be specified.
2. If any switching charges are involved during the inland transportation, it should be agreed, in
advance, whether these charges are for account of the seller or the buyer.
3. The term “F.O.B. (named port),” without designating the exact point at which the liability of
the seller terminates and the liability of the buyer begins, should be avoided. The use of this term
gives rise to disputes as to the liability of the seller or the buyer in the event of loss or damage
arising while the goods are in port, and before delivery to or on board the ocean carrier.
Misunderstandings may be avoided by naming the specific point of delivery.
4. If lighterage or trucking is required in the transfer of goods from the inland conveyance to ship’
s side, and there is a cost therefor, it should be understood, in advance, whether this cost is for

account of the seller or the buyer.
5. The seller should be certain to notify the buyer of the minimum quantity required to obtain a
carload, a truckload, or a barge-load freight rate.
（１）内陆运输的方法，如：卡车、火车、驳船、拖船或飞机，应予注明。
（２）如在内陆运输途中发生转换运输工具的费用，双方应在事先商定此项费 用由卖方或
是由买方负担。
（３）应避免在使用“Ｆ．Ｏ．Ｂ．（ｎａｍｅｄ ｐｏｒｔ）”价格术语时 ，而不指明卖方
责任终止和买方责任开始的确切地点。因为如使用此价格术语，一 旦货物在港内交付或 装
上海洋轮船以前发生灭失或损坏时，就会引起究应由卖方还是买方承担责任问题的争议。指
明 特定的交货地点，可避免上述误解。
（４）货物从内陆载运工具上用驳船或卡车运至船边，其费用由卖方还是由买 方负担，应
事先商定。
（５）卖方务必将适用于整列车、整卡车或整驳船运费率的最低数量通知买方 。

6. Under F.O.B. terms, excepting “F.O.B. (named inland point in country of importation),” the
obligation to obtain ocean freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, rests with the buyer.
Despite this obligation on the part of the buyer, in many trades the seller obtains the ocean
freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, and provides for shipment on behalf of the
buyer. Hence, seller and buyer must have an understanding as to whether the buyer will obtain
the ocean freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, as is his obligation, or whether the
seller agrees to do this for the buyer.
7. For the seller’s protection, he should provide in his contract of sale that marine insurance
obtained by the buyer include standard warehouse to warehouse coverage.
（６）除“进口国指定内陆地点交货” “F.O.B. (named inland point in country of importation),”
外 ，各种Ｆ．Ｏ．Ｂ．价格术语的洽订 海洋运输舱位、投保海洋运输险和战争险的责任应
属于买方。尽管这是买方的责任，但在很多交易中，卖 方可代买方办理订舱、 投保海洋运
输险和战争险，并准备装船事宜。因此，有关订舱、投保海洋运输险和 战争险，究竟是作< br>为买方自身的义务，由其自行办理，或是由卖方同意代买方办理，买卖双方应事先取得一致
意见。
（７）为保障卖方的利益，卖方应在买卖合同中订明由买方投保的海洋运输险 中包括标准
的仓至仓条款。

(III) F.A.S. (Free Along Side) 船边交货
NOTE: Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the “Comments” given
at end of this section (p. A-7) in order to understand fully their respective responsibilities and
rights under “F.A.S.” terms.
注：为充分了解在“船边交货”价格术语下相应的责任和权利；买卖双方不仅应考虑本定 义，
还须明了本节附录的“注解”。
“F.A.S. VESSEL (named port of shipment)” Under this term, the seller quotes a price including
delivery of the goods alongside overseas vessel and within reach of its loading tackle.
“船边交货（指定装运港）”“F.A.S. VESSEL (named port of shipment)” 按此术语，卖方所报
价格包括将货物交到海洋轮船船边，船的装货吊钩可及之处。
Under this quotation: 在此报价下：
Seller must: 卖方责任：

(1) place goods alongside vessel or on dock designated and provided by, or for, buyer on the date
or within the period fixed; pay any heavy lift charges, where necessary, up to this point;
(2) provide clean dock or ship’s receipt;
(3) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until goods have been delivered alongside the
vessel or on the dock;
(4) render the buyer, at the buyer’s request and expense, assistance in obtaining the documents
issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may require either for
purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.
（１）在规定日期或期限之内，将货物交至船边或交至由买方或为买方指定或 提供的码头。
支付为搬运重件至上述船边或码头而引起的任何费用。
（２）提供清洁的码头收据或轮船收据。
（３）承担货物的一切灭失及／或损坏责任，直至将货物交到船边或码头为止 。
（４）在买方请求并由其负担费用的情况下，协助买方取得原产地及／或装运 地国家签发
的为货物出口或在目的地进口所需的各种证件。

Buyer must: 买方责任：
(1) give seller adequate notice of name, sailing date, loading berth of, and delivery time to, the
vessel;
(2) handle all subsequent movement of the goods from alongside the vessel:
(a) arrange and pay for demurrage or storage charges, or both, in warehouse or on wharf, where
necessary;
(b) provide and pay for insurance;
(c) provide and pay for ocean and other transportation;
（１）将船名、开航日期、装船泊位及交货时间明确地通知卖方。
（２）办理从货物到达船边以后的一切运转事宜：
①如有必要，将货物安放在仓库或码头并支付滞期费及／或仓储费用；
②办理保险并支付其费用；
③办理海洋运输及其他运输并支付其费用。
(3) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;
(4) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, while the goods are on a lighter or other
conveyance alongside vessel within reach of its loading tackle, or on the dock awaiting loading, or
until actually loaded on board the vessel, and subsequent thereto;
(5) pay all costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents, other than clean dock or ship’
s receipt, issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required either
for purposes of exportation, or of importation at destination.
（３）支付出口税及因出口而征收的其他税捐费用。
（４）承担货物在以下情况时所发生的任何灭失及／或损坏的责任：装载于停 靠船边、船
上吊钩可及之处的驳船或其他载运工具上；或放置于码头等待装船； 或 实际已装船和装船
以后。
（５）支付因领取由原产地及／或装运地国家签发的为货物出口或在目的地进 口所需的各
种证件（但清洁的码头收据或轮船收据除外）而发生的一切费用。

F.A.S. Comments 有关“船边交货”价格术语的注解
1. Under F.A.S. terms, the obligation to obtain ocean freight space, and marine and war risk

insurance, rests with the buyer. Despite this obligation on the part of the buyer, in many trades
the seller obtains ocean freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, and provides for
shipment on behalf of the buyer. In others, the buyer notifies the seller to make delivery
alongside a vessel designated by the buyer and the buyer provides his own marine and war risk
insurance. Hence, seller and buyer must have an understanding as to whether the buyer will
obtain the ocean freight space, and marine and war risk insurance, as is his obligation, or
whether the seller agrees to do this for the buyer.
2. For the seller’s protection, he should provide in his contract of sale that marine insurance
obtained by the buyer include standard warehouse to warehouse coverage.
（１）按照船边交货价格术语，取得海洋运输舱位和投保海洋运输险和战争险 的责任属
于买方，尽管这是买方的责任，但在很多交易中，卖方可代买方办理订舱、投保海洋运输险和战争险，并准备装船事宜；
也可由买方通知卖方将货物送到买 方指定轮船的船边，并由买方自行投保海洋运输险和战
争险。因此，有关订舱、投 保海洋运输险和战争 险，究竟是作为买方自身的义务，由其自
行办理，或是由卖方同意代买方办理，买卖双方应事先取得一致 意见。
（２）为保障卖方的利益，卖方应在买卖合同中订明由买方投保的海洋运输险 中包括标准
的仓至仓条款。

(IV) C. & F. (Cost and Freight) 成本加运费
NOTE: Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the “Comments” (p.
A-6) at end of this section in order to understand fully their respective responsibilities and rights
under “C. & F.” terms. Under this term, the seller quotes a price including the cost of
transportation to the named point of destination.
“成本加运费（指定目的地”） “C. & F. (named point of destination)” 按此术语，卖方报
价包括将货物运到指定目的地的运输费用在内。
Under this quotation: 在此报价下：
Seller must: 卖方责任：
(1) provide and pay for transportation to named point of destination;
(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;
(3) obtain and dispatch promptly to buyer, or his agent, clean bill of lading to named point of
destination;
(4) where received-for-shipment ocean bill of lading may be tendered, be responsible for any loss
or damage, or both, until the goods have been delivered into the custody of the ocean carrier;
（１）负责安排货物运至指定目的地的运输事宜，并支付其费用。
（２）支付出口税或因出口而征收的其他税捐费用。
（３）取得运往指定目的地的清洁提单，并迅速送交买方或其代理。
（４）在向买方提供“备 运提单”的情况下，对于货物的灭失及／或损坏，须负责到货物已
送交海运承运人保管时为止。

(5) where on-board ocean bill of lading is required, be responsible for any loss or damage, or
both, until the goods have been delivered on board the vessel;
(6) provide, at the buyer’s request and expense, certificates of origin, consular invoices, or any
other documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may
require for importation of goods into country of destination and, where necessary, for their

passage in transit through another country.
（５）在向买方提供“已装船提单”的情况下，对于货物的灭失及／或损坏， 须负责到货
物已装到船上为止。
（６）在买方请求并由其负担费用的情况下，提供产地证明书、领事发票或由 原产国及／
或装 运国所签发的、为买方在目的地国家进口此项货物及必要时经由第三国过境运输所需要
的各项证件。
Buyer must: 买方责任：
(1) accept the documents when presented;
(2) receive goods upon arrival, handle and pay for all subsequent movement of the goods,
including taking delivery from vessel in accordance with bill of lading clauses and terms; pay all
costs of landing, including any duties, taxes, and other expenses at named point of destination;
(3) provide and pay for insurance;
（１）接受提交的各项单证。
（２）在船到达时受领货物并负责办理货物的随后一切运转，并支付其费用， 其中包括按
照提 单条款的规定从船上提货，支付起岸的一切费用，包括一切税捐和在指定目的地点所需
支付的其他费用。
（３）办理保险并支付其费用。

(4) be responsible for loss of or damage to goods, or both, from time and place at which seller’s
obligations under (4) or (5) above have ceased;
(5) pay the costs of certificates of origin, consular invoices, or any other documents issued in the
country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which may be required for the importation of goods
into the country of destination and, where necessary, for their passage in transit through another
country.
（４）承担根据上述第（４）或第（５）项所规定的卖方责任终止的时间和地 点以后货物
的灭失及／或损坏的责任。
（５）支付产地证明书、领事发票或其他由原产地及／或装运地国家签发的、 为货物在目
的地国家进口及必要时经由第三国过境运输所需要的任何其他证件的费用。

C. & F. Comments有关“成本加运费”的注解
1. For the seller’s protection, he should provide in his contract of sale that marine insurance
obtained by the buyer include standard warehouse to warehouse coverage.
2. The comments listed under the following C.I.F. terms in many cases apply to C.&F. terms as
well, and should be read and understood by the C.&F. seller and buyer.
（１）为保障卖方的利益，卖方应在买卖合同中订明由买方投保的海洋运输险 中包括标准
的仓至仓条款。
（２）在以下C.I.F.（成本加保险费、运费）术语的注解中，有很多场 合可以应用于C.&F.
（成本加运费）术语。C.&F.的卖方和买方应加以理解。

(V) C.I.F. (Cost, Insurance, Freight) 成本加保险费、运费
NOTE: Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the “C.&F. Comments”
(p. A-6) and the “C.&F. and C.I.F. Comments” (pp. A-6, A-7) in order to understand fully their
respective responsibilities and rights under “C.I.F.” terms.
“C.I.F. (named point of destination)” Under this term, the seller quotes a price including the

cost of the goods, the marine insurance, and all transportation charges to the named point of
destination.
成本加保险费、运费（指定目的地）“C.I.F. (named point of destination)” 按此术语，卖方报
价包括货物的成本、海洋运输保险费和将货物运到指定目的 地的一切运输费用在内。
Under this quotation: 在此报价下：
Seller must: 卖方责任：
(1) provide and pay for transportation to named point of destination;
(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;
(3) provide and pay for marine insurance;
(4) provide war risk insurance as obtainable in seller’s market at time of shipment at buyer’s
expense, unless seller has agreed that buyer provide for war risk coverage (See Comment 10(c), p.
99);
（１）负责安排货物运至指定目的地的运输事宜，并支付其费用。
（２）支付出口税，或因出口而征收的其他税捐费用。
（３）办理货物的海洋运输保险并支付其费用。
（４）投保在货物装船时卖方市场所能得到的战争保险其费用由买方负担； 但 经卖方同意，
由买方投保战争保险的，不在此列。〔见本节注解之（１０Ｃ）

(5) obtain and dispatch promptly to buyer, or his agent, clean bill of lading to named point of
destination, and also insurance policy or negotiable insurance certificate;
(6) where received-for-shipment ocean bill of lading may be tendered, be responsible for any loss
or damage, or both, until the goods have been delivered into the custody of the ocean carrier;
(7) where on-board ocean bill of lading is required, be responsible for any loss or damage, or
both, until the goods have been delivered on board the vessel;
(8) provide, at the buyer’s request and expense, certificates of origin, consular invoices, or any
other documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or both, which the buyer may
require for importation of goods into country of destination and, where necessary, for their
passage in transit through another country.
（５）取得运往指定目的地的清洁提单及保险单或可转让的保险凭证，并立即 送交给买
方或其代理。
（６）在向买方提供“备运提单”的情况下，对于货物的灭失及／或损 坏，须负责到货物已
送交海运承运人保管时为止。
（７）在向买方提供“已装船提单”的情况下，对于货物的灭失及／或损坏， 须负责到货
物已装到船上为止。
（８）在买方请求并由其负担费用的情况下，提供产地证明书、领事发票或由 原产国及／
或装 运国所签发的、为买方在目的地国家进口此项货物及必要时经由第三国过境运输所需要
的各项证件。
Buyer must: 买方责任：
(1) accept the documents when presented;
(2) receive the goods upon arrival, handle and pay for all subsequent movement of the goods,
including taking delivery from vessel in accordance with bill of lading clauses and terms; pay all
costs of landing, including any duties, taxes, and other expenses at named point of destination;
(3) pay for war risk insurance provided by seller;
（１）接受提交的各项单证。

（２）在船到达时受领货物并负责办理货物的随后一切运转，并支付其费用， 其中包括 按
照提单条款的规定从船上提货，支付起岸的一切费用，包括一切税捐和在指定目的地点所需
支 付的其他费用。
（３）支付由卖方投保的战争险所需费用。
(4) be responsible for loss of or damage to goods, or both, from time and place at which seller’s
obligations under (6) or (7) above have ceased;
(5) pay the costs of certificates of origin, consular invoices, or any other documents issued in the
country of origin, or of shipment, or both, which may be required for the importation of the
goods into the country of destination and, where necessary, for their passage in transit through
another country.
（４）承担根据上述第（６）或（７）项所规定的卖方责任终止的时间和地点 以后货物的
灭失及／或损坏的责任。
（５）支付产地证明书、领事发票或其他由原产地及／或装运地国家签发的、 为货物在
目的地国家进口及必要时经由第三国过境运输所需要的任何其他证件的费用。

C.&F. and C.I.F. Comments 有关“成本加运费”及“成本加保险费、运费”的注解
Under C.&F. and C.I.F. contracts there are the following points on which the seller and the buyer
should be in complete agreement at the time that the contract is concluded:
在C.&F.与C.I.F.合同下，买方与卖方应在签订合同时就下列各点 取得完全协议：

1. It should be agreed upon, in advance, who is to pay for miscellaneous expenses, such as
weighing or inspection charges.
2. The quantity to be shipped on any one vessel should be agreed upon, in advance, with a view
to the buyer’s capacity to take delivery upon arrival and discharge of the vessel, within the free
time allowed at the port of importation.
3. Although the terms C.&F. and C.I.F. are generally interpreted to provide that charges for
consular invoices and certificates of origin are for the account of the buyer, and are charged
separately, in many trades these charges are included by the seller in his price. Hence, seller and
buyer should agree, in advance, whether these charges are part of the selling price, or will be
invoiced separately.
（１）应在事先洽定由何方支付各项杂费，如过磅费和检验费等。
（２）为了使买方有能力在船舶抵达时，在进口港所允许的卸货时间内提取货 物，双
方应事先洽定每一条船所应装载的货物数量。
（３）虽然C.&F.和C.I.F.术语通常被理解为由买方负担有关领事 发票费与产地证明书的费 用，
并另行分别计付。但在许多交易中，这些费用是包括在卖方售价之内的。因此，卖方与买方
应事先商定这些费用是否为售价的一部分， 或者分别计算。

4. The point of final destination should be definitely known in the event the vessel discharges at a
port other than the actual destination of the goods.
5. When ocean freight space is difficult to obtain, or forward freight contracts cannot be made at
firm rates, it is advisable that sales contracts, as an exception to regular C.&F. or C.I.F. terms,
should provide that shipment within the contract period be subject to ocean freight space being
available to the seller, and should also provide that changes in the cost of ocean transportation
between the time of sale and the time of shipment be for account of the buyer.

6. Normally, the seller is obligated to prepay the ocean freight. In some instances, shipments are
made freight collect, and the amount of the freight is deducted from the invoice rendered by the
seller. It is necessary to be in agreement on this, in advance, in order to avoid misunderstanding
which arises from foreign exchange fluctuations which might affect the actual cost of
transportation, and from interest charges which might accrue under letter of credit financing.
Hence, the seller should always prepay the ocean freight unless he has a specific agreement with
the buyer, in advance, that goods can be shipped freight collect.

7. T（４）万一船只在货物实际目的地以外的其它港口卸货，应把这个最终目的地 明确通知
有关方。
（５）当海洋运输舱位难于获得，或无法按照稳定的费率签订远期运输合同， 则作为
对通 常的C.&F.和C.I.F.术语的一个例外，在买卖合同中订明，在合同规定的期限内装运货物
应以 卖方取得海洋运输舱位为准，同时还可订明在订 立合同与实际装运这段时间内海洋运
输费用的变动，应由买方负担。
（６）在通常情况下，卖方有责任预付海洋运费。在有些情况下，运费是货到 以后支付，
运费 总额从卖方提供的发票中扣除。对此应该事先取得协议，以免由于外汇波动影响实际运
输费用而产生误解 ，或由于信用证支付方式下利息费用的增加 所产生的误解。因此，海洋
运费总是应由卖方预付，除非事先与买方订有货物运到 后支付运费的特别协议。

7. The buyer should recognize that he does not have the right to insist on inspection of goods
prior to accepting the documents. The buyer should not refuse to take delivery of goods on
account of delay in the receipt of documents, provided the seller has used due diligence in their
dispatch through the regular channels.
8. Seller and buyers are advised against including in a C.I.F. contract any indefinite clause at
variance with the obligations of a C.I.F. contract as specified in these Definitions. There have been
numerous court decisions in the United States and other countries invalidating C.I.F. contracts
because of the inclusion of indefinite clauses.
9. Interest charges should be included in cost computations and should not be charged as a
separate item in C.I.F. contracts, unless otherwise agreed upon, in advance, between the seller
and buyer, in which case, however, the term C.I.F. and I. (Cost, Insurance, Freight, and Interest)
should be used.
（７）买方应该认识到，他无权坚持在接受单据以前检验货物。如果卖方在通 过正常途径
寄送单据方面已作了适当努力，即使买方延迟收到单据，也不应为此而拒绝受领货物。
（８）卖方与买方不要把与本定义所规定的C.I.F.合同义务不符的任何 不肯定的条款包括在C.I.F.合同之内。在美国和其他国家法院的许多判例中，都曾因在C.I.F.合同包含了不肯定的< br>条款，因而宣布该合同无效。
（９）除非卖方与买方之间事先另有约定，在C.I.F.合同中的利息费用 应包括在成本之内，而不应当作为单独项目计算，否则，可采用C.I.F.＆Ｉ．（成本加保险费、运费、利息）术语。

10. In connection with insurance under C.I.F. sales, it is necessary that seller and buyer be
definitely in accord upon the following points:
(a) The character of the marine insurance should be agreed upon insofar as being W.A. (With
Average) or F.P.A. (Free of Particular Average), as well as any other special risks that are covered
in specific trades, or against which the buyer may wish individual protection. Among the special

risks that should be considered and agreed upon between seller and buyer are theft, pliferage,
leakage, breakage, sweat, contact with other cargoes, and others peculiar to any particular trade.
It is important that contingent or collect freight and customs duty should be insured to cover
Particular Average losses, as well as total loss after arrival and entry but before delivery.
(b) The seller is obligated to exercise ordinary care and diligence in selecting an underwriter that
is in good financial standing. However, the risk of obtaining settlement of insurance claims rests
with the buyer.
(c) War risk insurance under this term is to be obtained by the seller at the expense and risk of
the buyer. It is important that the seller be in definite accord with the buyer on this point,
particularly as to the cost. It is desirable that the goods be insured against both marine and war
risk with the same underwriter, so that there can be no difficulty arising from the determination
of the cause of the loss.
(d) Seller should make certain that in his marine or war risk insurance, there be included the
standard protection against strikes, riots and civil commotions.
(e) Seller and buyer should be in accord as to the insured valuation, bearing in mind that
merchandise contributes in General Average on certain bases of valuation which differ in various
trades. It is desirable that a competent insurance broker be consulted, in order that full value be
covered and trouble avoided.
关于Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｆ．交易中的保险问题，卖方与买方应该肯定地就下列 各点取得协议：
ａ．对于保险险别，双方应共同明确是投保水渍险或平安险以及其他属于特定 行业
应保的其他险别，或 是买方需要获得单独保障的险别。卖方与买方应考虑并取得协议的特殊
险别有：偷盗、扒窃、渗漏、破碎 、受潮、被其他货物污染，以及对 一些特定行业专门投
保的险别。重要的是，对应急费用或到付运费和关税应投保单 独海损和在货物抵达与报关
之后、交货之前的全损。
ｂ．卖方有责任关心并谨慎地选择一家资信较佳的保险公司。虽然如此，解决 保险
索赔的风险，仍属买方。
ｃ．在此术语下，战争险是由买方负担风险及费用，由卖方代为投保。重要的 是，
卖方必须对此与买方 取是完全一致的意见，特别是关于费用问题。货物海洋运输险与战争险
最好向同一家保险公司投保，这样 ，在确定造成损失的原因时，就不 致发生困难。
ｄ．卖方应该核实，在投保海洋运输险或战争险中，应包括对罢工、暴动与民 变所
引起的一般保护。
ｅ．鉴于不同行业的商品，其在共同海损分摊中的估价的基础不同，卖方与买 方对
货物 投保价值，应取得一致意见。最好请有经验的保险经纪人资询，以便保足货物价值，以
避免纠纷。

(Vl) Ex Dock目的港码头交货
NOTE: Seller and buyer should consider not only the definitions but also the “Ex Dock Comments”
at end of this section (p. A-8) in order to understand fully their respective responsibilities and
rights under “Ex Dock” terms.
注：为充分了解在“目的港码头交货”价格术语下相 应的责任和权利，买卖双方不仅应考虑
到本定义，还需明了本节有关的注解。

“EX DOCK (named port of importation)” Under this term, seller quotes a price including the cost
of the goods and all additional costs necessary to place the goods on the dock at the named port

of importation, duty paid, if any.
“EX DOCK (named port of importation)” 按此术语，卖方报价包括货物的成本和将货物运到
指定进口港的码头所需的全 部附加费用，并交纳进口税。
Under this quotation: 在此报价下：
Seller must: 卖方责任：
(1) provide and pay for transportation to named point of importation;
(2) pay export taxes, or other fees or charges, if any, levied because of exportation;
(3) provide and pay for marine insurance;
(4) provide and pay for war risk insurance, unless otherwise agreed upon between the buyer and
seller;
（１）负责安排货物运至指定进口港的运输事宜并支付其费用。
（２）支付出口税及因出口而征收的其他税捐费用。
（３）办理海洋运输保险并支付其费用。
（４）除买卖双方另有约定外，投保战争险并支付其费用。

(5) be responsible for any loss or damage, or both, until the expiration of the free time allowed
on the dock at the named port of importation;
(6) pay the costs of certificates of origin, consular invoices, legalization of bill of lading, or any
other documents issued in the country of origin, or of shipment, or of both, which the buyer may
require for importation of goods into the country of destination and, where necessary, for their
passage in transit through another country.
(7) pay all costs of landing, including wharfage, landing charges, and taxes if any;
(8) pay all costs of customs entry in the country of importation;
(9) pay customs duties and all taxes applicable to imports, if any, in the country of importation,
unless otherwise agreed upon.
（５）承担货物的一切灭失及／或损坏责任，直至在指定的进口港码头允许货 物停留的期
限届满时为止。
（６）支付为取得产地证明书、领事发票、提单签证的费用，或由原产地及／ 或装运地
国家所签发的、为货物在目的地进口及必要时经由第三国过境运输所需要的各种证件的费用。
（７）支付一切起岸费用，包括码头捐、卸货费及税捐等。
（８）支付在进口国的一切报关费用。
（９）除非另有约定，支付进口国的关税和一切适用于进口的税捐等。

Buyer must: 买方责任：
(1) take delivery of the goods on the dock at the named port of importation within the free time
allowed;
(2) bear the cost and risk of the goods if delivery is not taken within the free time allowed.
（１）在码头规定的期限内，从指定进口港码头上受领货物。
（２）如不在码头的规定期限内受领货物，承担货物的费用与风险。

Ex Dock Comments有关“目的港码头交货”的注解
This term is used principally in United States import trade. It has various modifications, such
as “Ex Quay,” “Ex Pier,” etc., but it is seldom, if ever, used in American export practice. Its use
in quotations for export is not recommended.

这种术语主要应用在美国的进口贸易方面。它有多种式样如“Ex Quay,” “Ex Pier,” 等
等。但是很少用在美国的出口贸易上。