英语写作必须要懂得写作知识点

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2020年08月09日 04:37
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读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思
名词从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句
连接词that ,whether, if

不可省略

不可省略
连接副词 what, whatever,

who,whoever, whom,whose,which.
连接代词when,where,how,why



在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复
合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此 根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句
又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
连接副词:when, where, how, why其实就是副词,在哪儿,为什么,怎么样,什么时候。就是时间地点,原因,方式,
不可省略的连词:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.

定语从句
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,
修饰一个名词或代词, 被修饰的名词,词组或代词即
先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词
(关系代词或 关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that,
which等。
关系副词有:when, where, why等。这里和
名词从句的区别在于,他少了个HOW.
说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非
限制性定语从句。
1) 定语 从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性
定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句
意思往往 不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的
附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与
主句之间 通常用逗号分开
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词
所修饰时,其后的定语从句 通常是非限制性的,
例如:
Charles Smith, who was my former
teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年
退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year,
has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢
房子带着个漂亮的花园。


读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思
This novel, which I have read three
times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我
已经读了三遍。

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行
词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三
人称单数,例如:
He seems not to have grasped what
I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎
没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor,
which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸
汽,这就叫做蒸发。



限制性
This is the house which we bought last
month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制
性)


非限制性
The house, which we bought last month,
无关紧要的, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们
上个月买的。(非限制性


定语从句和名词从句的区别在于,名词从句的连接词可以从当成分,
地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。
Where I live there are plenty of trees.
我住的地方树很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
) because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提 出
的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our
journey.

2) 由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗 号,则可
就只能用for。
方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if,
as though引导。
Always do to the others as you would be
done by.
你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。

表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in
order that, lest, for fear that, in case等
词引导,例如:
You must speak louder so that in order
that you can be heard by all.
He wrote the name down for fear
that(lest) he should forget it.
weather is cold

以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,
Better take more clothes in case the


读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思
He is absent today, because for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.


状语从句
地点状语从句
方式状语从句
原因状语从句
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
条件状语从句
连接词主要有 if, unless, asso long
as, on condition that 等。.if 引导的条
件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。
非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。
unless = if not.
Let's go out for a walk unless you
are too tired.
If you are not too tied, let's go
out for a walk.
though, although
注意: 当有though, although时,
后面的从句不能有but,但是 though 和


yet可连用
Although it's raining, they are still
working in the field.
虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活。
He is very old, but he still works
very hard.
虽然他很老,但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a
scar may remain.
伤口虽愈合,但伤疤留下了。 (谚语)


英语句型:
简单句:只能有一个动词,就是一个谓语。主语可以有多个,可以由连词连接主
语。
组合句:有连词连接的两个句子,连词有for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.或是用分号,
再加上一个连接词,连接词有:however, as a result ,in in fact ,therefor, thus, instead,
also, in addition
复杂句:就是一个简单句,加上一个或多个的从属分句或是关系从句
Because he is kind, and treats people friendly, people in her company love him.


读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思
People in her company love him because he is kind .because
放句首的时候,需要逗
号。


组合复杂句:就是多个简单句,加上多个从属分句,再加上关系从句
After连接的是复杂句 the students had reviewed his notes, he thought he was
ready for the test,这部分是插入的关系从句 and he was right.其实就是几个复杂
句连在一起。
写作常犯错误:拼写错误,漏写,大写,时态, 主谓一致,标点符号,单复数,
不必要的单词,形容词用错,单词顺序,简单句太多,THERE BE 句型太多,I 开
头的句型太多。从句太少。平行结构,增减冠词,少介词,没有指明上文的人和
物,不给具体的例子。说话没有逻辑性。没有连词。

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