国际海上避碰规则(中英)
节日来历-上网的利弊
1972 年 国 际 海 上 避 碰 规 则
INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR
PREVENTING
COLLISIONS AT SEA,
1972
（第1- 19条）
第一章
总 则 Part A – General
第 一 条 Rule 1
适 用
范 围 Application
1
本规则条款适用于公海和连接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一
切船舶。
(a)These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon
the high seas and in all waters
connected
therewith navigable by seagoing vessels.
2本规则条
款不妨碍有关主管机关为连接于公海而可供海船航行的任何港外
锚地、江河、湖泊或内陆水道所制订的特
殊规定的实施。这种特殊规定，应尽
可能符合本规则条款。
(b)Nothing in
these Rules shall interfere in the operation of
special rules made
by an appropriate authority
for roadsteads, harbors, rivers, lakes or inland
waterways
connected with the high seas and
navigable by seagoing vessels. Such special rules
shall conform as closely as possible to these
Rules.
3．本规则条款不妨碍各国政府为军舰及护航下的船舶所制定的关于额外的
队形
灯、信号灯、号型或笛号，或者为结队从事捕鱼的渔船所制定的关于额外
的队形灯、信号灯或号型的任何
特殊规定的实施。这些额外的队形灯、信号灯、
号型或笛号，应尽可能不致被误认为本规则其他条文所规
定的任何号灯、号型
或信号。
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(c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere
with the operation of any special rules
made
by the Government of any State with respect to
additional station or signal
lights or shapes
or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels
proceeding under
convoy, or with respect to
additional station or signal lights for fishing
vessels fishing
as a fleet. These additional
station or signal lights or whistle signals shall,
so far as
possible, be such that they cannot
be mistaken for any light, shape, or signal
authorized elsewhere under these Rules.
4．为实施本规则，本组织可以采纳分道通航制。
(d) Traffic
separation schemes may be adopted by the
Organization for the
purpose of these Rules. <
br>5凡经有关政府确定，某种特殊构造或用途的船舶，如不能完全遵守本规则
任何一条关于号灯或号
型的数量、位置、能见距离或弧度以及声号设备的配置
和特性的规定时，则应遵守其政府在号灯或号型的
数量、位置、能见距离或弧
度以及声号设备的配置和特性方面为之另行确定的尽可能符合本规则条款要求
的规定。
第 二 条 Rule 2
责 任
Responsibility
1．本规则条款并不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船长或船员由于遵守本
规则
条款的任何疏忽，或者按海员通常做法或当时特殊情况所要求的任何戒备上的
疏忽而产生的
各种后果的责任。
2．在解释和遵行本规则条款时，应充分考虑一切航行和碰撞的危险以及包
括当事船舶条件限制在内的任何特殊情况，这些危险和特殊情况可能需要背离
本规则条款以避免紧迫危险
。
第 三 条 Rule 3
一 般 定 义 General
Definitions
除条文另有解释外，在本规则中：
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For the purpose of these Rules,
except where the context otherwise requires:
1
“船舶”一词，指用作或者能够用作水上运输工具的各类水上船筏，包括非
排水船筏和水上飞机。
(a) The word
non-displacement craft and
seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a
means of
transportation on water.
2“机动船”一词，指用机器推进的任何船舶。
(b) The term
3．“帆船”一词，指任何驶帆的船舶，如果装有推进器但不在使用。
(c) The
term
propelling machinery, if fitted, is not
being used.
4、“从事捕鱼的船舶”一词，指使用网具、绳钓、拖网或其他使其操纵性能
受到限制的渔具捕鱼的任何船舶，但不包括使用曳绳钓或其他并不使其操纵性
能受到限制的渔具
捕鱼的船舶。
(d) The term
trawls, or other
fishing apparatus which restrict maneuverability,
but does not
include a vessel fishing with
trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do
not
restrict manageability.
5“水上飞机”一词，包括为能在水面操纵而设计的任何航空器。
(e) The term
water.
6“失去控制的船舶”一词，指由于某种异常情况，不能按本规则条款的要求<
br>进行操纵，因而不能给他船让路的船舶。
7“操纵能力受到限制的船舶”一词，指由于工作性质
，使其按本规则条款的
要求进行操纵的能力受到限制，因而不能给他船让路的船舶。
3
22
(g) The term
from the
nature of her work is restricted in her ability to
maneuver as required by
these Rules and is
therefore unable to keep out of the way of another
vessel.
“操纵能力受到限制的船舶”一词应包括，但不限于下列船舶：
The
term
limited to:
（1）从事敷设。维修或起捞助航标志、海底电缆或管道的船舶；
(i) A vessel
engaged in laying, servicing, or picking up a
navigational mark,
submarine cable or
pipeline;
（2）从事疏浚、测量或水下作业的船舶；
(ii) A
vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or
underwater operations;
（3）在航中从事补给或转运人员、食品或货物的船舶；
(iii) A vessel
engaged in replenishment or transferring persons,
provisions or
cargo while underway;
（4）从事发放或回收航空器的船舶；
(iv) A vessel engaged in
the launching or recovery of aircraft;
（5）从事清除水雷作业的船舶；
(v) A vessel engaged in
mineclearance operations;
（6）从事拖带作业的船舶，而该项拖带作业
使该拖船及其被拖物体驶离其
航向的能力严重受到限制者。
(vi) A vessel
engaged in a towing operation such as severely
restricts the towing
vessel and her tow in
their ability to deviate from their course.
8“
限于吃水的船舶”一词，指由于吃水与可航行水域的水深和宽度的关系，
致使其驶离航向的能力严重地受
到限制的机动船。
4 22
(h) The
term
which because of her draft in relation to
the available depth and width of navigable
water is severely restricted in her ability to
deviate from the course she is following.
9．“在航”一词，指船舶不在锚泊、系岸或搁浅。
(i) The word
shore, or aground.
0．船舶的“长度”和“宽度”是指其总长度和最大宽度。
(j) The words
greatest breadth.
11
只有当一船能自他船以视觉看到时，才应认为两船是在互见中。
(k) Vessels shall
be deemed to be in sight of one another only when
one can be
observed visually from the other. <
br>2．“能见度不良”一词，指任何由于雾、霾、下雪、暴风雨、沙暴或任何其
他类似原因而使能见
度受到限制的情况。
(l) The term
restricted by fog,
mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms
and any other
similar causes.
第二章 驾驶和航行规则
Part B - Steering and Sailing Rules
第一节
船舶在任何能见度情况下的行动规则
Section I - Conduct of
Vessels in any Condition of Visibility
第 四 条
Rule 4
适 用 范 围 Application
本节条款适用于任何能见度的情况。
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Rules in this section apply to any condition
of visibility.
第 五 条 Rule 5
了 望
Look-out
每一船在任何时候都应使用视觉、听觉以及适合当时环境和情况的一切有
效
手段保持正规的了望，以便对局面和碰撞危险作出充分的估计。
Every vessel
shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by
sight as well as by
hearing as well as by all
available means appropriate in the prevailing
circumstances
and conditions so as to make a
full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of
collision.
第 六 条 Rule 6
安全航速
Safe Speed
每一船在任何时候都应以安全航速行驶，以便能采取适当而有效的避碰行
动，并能在适合当时环境和情况的距离以内把船停住。
Every vessel shall
at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she
can take
proper and effective action to avoid
collision and be stopped within a distance
appropriate to the prevailing circumstances
and conditions.
在决定安全航速时，考虑的因素中应包括下列各点：
In
determining a safe speed the following factors
shall be among those taken
into account:
1．对所有船舶：
(a) By all vessels:
（1）能见度情况；
(i)The state of visibility;
（2）通航密度，包括渔船或者任何其他船舶的密集程度；
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(ii) The traffic density including
concentrations of fishing vessels or any other
vessels;
（3）船舶的操纵性能，特别是在当时情况下的冲程和旋回性能；
(iii) The manageability of the vessel with
special reference to stopping distance
and
turning ability in the prevailing conditions;
（4）夜间出现的背景亮光，诸如来自岸上的灯光或本船灯光的反向散射；
(iv) At
night the presence of background light such as
from shore lights or from
back scatter from
her own lights;
（5）风、浪和流的状况以及靠近航海危险物的情况；
(v) The state of wind, sea and current, and
the proximity of navigational hazards;
（6）吃水与可用水深的关系。
(vi) The draft in relation
to the available depth of water.
2．对备有可使用的雷达的船舶，还应考虑：
(b) Additionally, by
vessels with operational radar:
（1）雷达设备的特性、效率和局限性；
(i) The
characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the
radar equipment;
（2）所选用的雷达距离标尺带来的任何限制；
(ii) Any constrains imposed by the radar range
scale in use;
（3）海况、天气和其他干扰源对雷达探测的影响；
(iii) The effect on radar detection of the sea
state, weather and other sources of
interference;
（4）在适当距离内，雷达对小船、浮冰和其他漂浮物有探测不到的可能
性；
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22
(iv) The possibility that
small vessels, ice and other floating objects may
not be
detected by radar at an adequate range;
（5）雷达探测到的船舶数目、位置和动态；
(v) The number
location and movement of vessels detected by
radar;
（6）当用雷达测定附近船舶或其他物体的距离时，可能对能见度作出更确
切的估计。
(vi) The more exact assessment of the
visibility that may be possible when radar
is
used to determine the range of vessels or other
objects in the vicinity.
第 七 条 Rule 7
碰
撞 危 险 Risk of Collision
1．每一船都应使用适合当时环境和情况的
一切有效手段断定是否存在碰撞
危险，如有任何怀疑，则应认为存在这种危险。
(a)
Every vessel shall use all available means
appropriate to the prevailing
circumstances
and conditions to determine if risk of collision
exists. If there is any
doubt such risk shall
be deemed to exist.
2．如装有雷达设备并可使用的话，则应正确予以使用，包
括远距离扫描，
以便获得碰撞危险的早期警报，并对探测到的物标进行雷达标绘或与其相当的
系
统观察。
(b) Proper use shall be made of radar
equipment if fitted and operational,
including
long-range scanning to obtain early warning of
risk of collision and radar
plotting or
equivalent systematic observation of detected
objects.
3．不应当根据不充分的资料，特别是不充分的雷达观测资料作出推断。
(c) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis
of scanty information, especially
scanty radar
information.
4．在断定是否存在碰撞危险时，考虑的因素中应包括下列各点：
8 22
(d) In determining
if risk of collision exists the following
considerations shall be
among those taken into
account:
（1）如果来船的罗经方位没有明显的变化，则应认为存在这种危险；
（
2）即使有明显的方位变化，有时也可能存在这种危险，特别是在驶近一
艘很大的船或拖带船组时，或是
在近距离驶近他船时。
(ii) Such risk may sometimes exist
even when an appreciable bearing change is
evident, particularly when approaching a very
large vessel or a tow or when
approaching a
vessel at close range.
第 八 条 Rule 8
避免碰撞的行动 Action to Avoid Collision
1．为避免
碰撞所采取的任何行动，如当时环境许可，应是积极的，应及早
地进行和充分注意运用良好的船艺。
(a) Any action taken to avoid collision shall,
if the circumstances of the case
admit, be
positive, made in ample time and with due regard
to the observance of
good seamanship.
2．为避
兔碰撞而作的航向和（或）航速的任何变动，如当时环境许可，应
大得足以使他船用视觉或雷达观测时容
易察觉到；应避免对航向和（或）航速作
一连串的小变动。
(b) Any
alteration of course andor speed to avoid
collision shall, if the
circumstances of the
case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent
to another
vessel observing visually or by
radar; a succession of small alterations of course
andor speed should be avoided.
3．如有足够的水域，则
单用转向可能是避免紧迫局面的最有效行动，只要
这种行动是及时的、大幅度的，并且不致造成另一紧迫
局面。
(c) If there is sufficient sea room,
alteration of course alone may be the most
effective action to avoid a close-quarters
situation provided that it is made in good
time, is substantial and does not result in
another close-quarters situation.
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4．为避免与他船碰撞而采取的行动，应能导致在安全的距离驶过。应细心<
br>查核避让行动的有效性，直到最后驶过让清他船为止。
(d) Action taken
to avoid collision with another vessel shall be
such as to result
in passing at a safe
distance. The effectiveness of the action shall be
carefully
checked until the other vessel is
finally past and clear.
5．如需为避免碰撞或留有更多的时间来估计局面
，船舶应当减速或者停止
或倒转推进器把船停住。
(e) If necessary to
avoid collision or allow more time to assess the
situation, a
vessel may slacken her speed or
take all way off by stopping or reversing her
means
of propulsion.
6． （1）根据本规则任何规定，要求不得妨
碍另一船通过或安全通过的船
舶应根据当时环境的需要及早地采取行动以留出足够的水域供他船安全通过
。
(f) (i) A vessel which, by any of these
rules, is required not to impede the
passage
or safe passage of another vessel shall when
required by the circumstances
of the case,
take early action to allow sufficient sea room for
the safe passage of the
other vessel.
（2）如
果在接近其他船舶致有碰撞危险时，被要求不得妨碍另一船通过或
安全通过的船舶并不解除这一责任，且
当采取行动时，应充分考虑到本章条款
可能要求的行动。
(ii) A vessel
required not to impede the passage or safe passage
of another
vessel is not relieved of this
obligation if approaching the other vessel so as
to involve
risk of collision and shall, when
taking action, have full regard to the action
which
may be required by the rules of this
part.
（3）当两船相互接近致有碰撞危险时，其通过不得被妨碍的船舶仍有完全
遵守本
章各条规定的责任。
第 九 条 Rule 9
狭 水 道 Narrow
Channels
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1．沿狭水道或航
道行驶的船舶，只要安全可行，应尽量靠近其右舷的该水
道或航道的外缘行驶。
(a) A
vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow
channel or fairway shall
keep as near to the
outer limit of the channel or fairway which Iies
on her starboard
side as is safe and
practicable.
2．帆船或者长度小于20米的船舶，不应妨碍只能在狭水道或航道以内安全
航行的船舶通行。
(b) A vessel of less than 20 meters in length
or a sailing vessel shall not impede
the
passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only
within a narrow channel or
fairway.
3．从事捕鱼的船舶，不应妨碍任何其他在狭水道或航道以内航行的船舶通
行。
(c) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not
impede the passage of any other vessel
navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.
4、船舶不应穿越狭水道或航道，如果这种穿越会妨碍只能在这种水道或航
道以内安全航
行的船舶通行。后者若对穿越船的意图有怀疑时，可以使用第三十四条4款
规定的声号。
(d) A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel
or fairway if such crossing impedes
the
passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only
within such channel or fairway.
The latter
vessel may use the sound signal prescribed in Rule
34(d) if in doubt as to
the intention of the
crossing vessel.
5．（1）在狭水道或航道内，如只有在被迫越船必须采取行动以
允许安全通
过才能追越时，则企图迫越的船，应鸣放第三十四条3款（1）项所规定的相应
声号
，以表示其意图。被追越船如果同意，应鸣放第三十四条3款（2）项所规
定的相应声号，并采取使之能
安全通过的措施。如有怀疑，则可以鸣放第三十
四条4款所规定的声号。
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(e) (I) In a narrow channel
or fairway when overtaking can take place only if
the vessel to be overtaken has to take action
to permit safe passing, the vessel
intending
to overtake shall indicate her intention by
sounding the appropriate signal
prescribed in
Rule 34(c)( i). The vessel to be overtaken shall,
if in agreement, sound
the appropriate signal
prescribed in Rule 34(c)(ii) and take steps to
permit safe
passing. If in doubt she may sound
the signals prescribed in Rule 34(d).
（2）本条并不解除追越船根据第十三条所负的义务。
(ii) This Rule
does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her
obligation under Rule
13.
6．船舶在驶近可能有其他船舶被居
间障碍物遮蔽的狭水道或航道的弯头或
地段时，应特别机警和谨慎地驾驶，并应呜放第三十四条5款规定
的相应声号。
(f) A vessel nearing a bend or an area
of a narrow channel or fairway where
other
vessels may be obscured by an intervening
obstruction shall navigate with
particular
alertness and caution
and shall sound the
appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(e).
7．任何船舶，如当时环境许可，都应避免在狭水道内锚泊。
(g) Any vessel
shall, if the circumstances of the case admit,
avoid anchoring in a
narrow channel.
第 十 条
Rule 10
分道通航制 Traffic Separation Schemes
1．本条适用于本组织采纳的分道通航制，但并不解除任何船舶遵守任何其
他各条规定的责任。
(a) This Rule applies to traffic separation
schemes adopted by the Organization
and does
not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any
other rule.
2．使用分道通航制区域的船舶应：
(b) A vessel
using a traffic separation scheme shall:
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（1）在相应的通航分道内顺着该分道的船舶总流向行驶；
(i) proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in
the general direction of traffic flow
for that
lane;
（2）尽可能让开通航分隔线或分隔带；
(ii) so far as
practicable keep clear of a traffic separation
line or separation zone;
（3）通常在通航分道的端部驶进或驶出，但从
分道的任何一侧驶进或驶出
时，应与分道的船舶总流向形成尽可能小的角度。
(iii)
normally join or leave a traffic lane at the
termination of the lane, but when
joining or
leaving from either side shall do so at as small
an angle to the general
direction of traffic
low as practicable.
3．船舶应尽可能避免穿越通航分道，但如不得不穿越时，应尽可能用与分
道的船舶总流向
成直角的船首向穿越。
(c) A vessel shall, so far as
practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes but if
obliged
to do so shall cross on a heading as
nearly as practicable at right angles to the
general
direction of traffic flow.
4．（1）当船
舶可安全使用邻近分道通航制区域中相应通航分道时，不应使
用沿岸通航带。但长度小于20米的船舶、
帆船和从事捕鱼的船舶可使用沿岸通
航带。
(d) (i) A vessel
shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can
safely use the
appropriate traffic lane within
the adjacent traffic separation scheme. However,
vessels of less than 20 meters in length,
sailing vessels and vessels engaged in fishing
may use the inshore traffic zone.
（2）尽管有本条
4（1）规定，当船舶抵离位于沿岸通航带中的港口、近岸
设施或建筑物、引航站或任何其他地方或为避
免紧迫危险时，可使用沿岸通航
带。
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(ii) Notwithstanding subparagraph (d)(i), a
vessel may use an inshore traffic zone
when en
route to or from a port, offshore installation or
structure, pilot station or
any other place
situated within the inshore traffic zone, or to
avoid immediate
danger.
5．除穿越船或者驶进或驶出通航分道的
船舶外，船舶通常不应进人分隔带
或穿越分隔线，除非：
(e) A vessel
other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining
or leaving a lane shall
not normally enter a
separation zone or cross a separation line except:
（1）在紧急情况下避免紧迫危险；
(i) in cases of emergency
to avoid immediate danger;
（2）在分隔带内从事捕鱼。
(ii) to engage in fishing within a separation
zone.
6．船舶在分道通航制区域端部附近行驶时，应特别谨慎。
(f) A
vessel navigating in areas near the terminations
of traffic separation
schemes shall do so with
particular caution.
7．船舶应尽可能避免在分道通航制区域内或其端部附近锚泊。
(g) A vessel
shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a
traffic separation
scheme or in areas near its
terminations.
8．不使用分道通航制区域的船舶，应尽可能远离该区。
(h) A vessel not using a traffic separation
scheme shall avoid it by as wide a
margin as
is practicable.
9．从事捕鱼的船舶，不应妨碍按通航分道行驶的任何船舶的通行。
(i) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not
impede the passage of any vessel
following a
traffic lane.
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0．帆船或长度小于20米的船舶，不应妨碍按通航分道行驶的机动船的安全
通行。
(j) A vessel of less than 20 meters in length
or a sailing vessel shall not impede
the safe
passage of a power-driven vessel following a
traffic lane.
11.
操纵能力受到限制的船舶，当在分道通航制区域内从事维护航行安全的
作业时，在执
行该作业所必需的限度内，免受本条规定的约束。
2．操纵能力受到限制的船舶，当在分道通航制区域内从事敷设、维修或起
捞海底电缆时，
在执行该作业所必需的限度内，免受本条规定的约束。
第二节 船舶在互见中的行动规则
Section II - Conduct of Vessels in Sight of
One Another
第 十 一 条 Rule 11
适 用 范 围
Application
本节条款适用于互见中的船舶。
Rules in this
Section apply to vessels in sight of one another.
第 十 二 条 Rule 12
帆 船 Sailing Vessels
1．两艘帆船相互驶近致有构成碰撞危险时，其中一船应按下列规定给他船
让路：
(a) When two sailing vessels are approaching
one another, so as to involve risk
of
collision, one of them shall keep out of the way
of the other as follows:
（1）两船在不同舷受风时，左舷受风的船应给他船让路；
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(i) when each has the wind on a
different side, the vessel which has the wind on
the port side shall keep out of the way of the
other;
（2）两船在同舷受风时，上风船应给下风船让路；
(ii) when
both have the wind on the same side, the vessel
which is to windward
shall keep out of the way
of the vessel which is to leeward;
（3）如左舷受风的船看
到在上风的船而不能断定究竟该船是左舷受风还是
右舷受风，则应给该船让路。
(iii)
if a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a
vessel to windward and
cannot determine with
certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on
the port
or on the starboard side, she shall
keep out of the way of the other.
2．就本条规定而言，船舶
的受风舷侧应认为是主帆被吹向的一舷的对面舷
侧；对于方帆船，则应认为是最大纵帆被吹向的一舷的对
面舷侧。
(b) For the purposes of this Rule the
windward side shall be deemed to be the
side
opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried
or, in the case of a
square-rigged vessel, the
side opposite to that on which the largest fore-
and-aft sail
is carried.
第 十 三 条 Rule
13
追 越 Overtaking
1.不论第二章第一节和第二节的各条规定如何
，任何船舶在追越任何他船时，
均应给被追越船让路。
(a)
Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of
Part B, Sections I and II
any vessel
overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of
the vessel being
overtaken.
2．一船正从他船正横后大 <
br>2．5度的某一方向赶上他船时，即该船对其所追越的船所处的位置，在夜
间只能看见被追越船的
尾灯而不能看见它的任一舷灯时，应认为是在追越中。
16 22
3.当一船对其是否在追越他船有任何怀疑时，该船应假定是在追越，并应采
取相应行动。
(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to
whether she is overtaking another, she
shall
assume that this is the case and act accordingly.
4．随后两船间方位的任何改变，都不应把追越船作为本规则条款含义中所
指的交叉相遇船，或
者免除其让开被追越船的责任，直到最后驶过让清为止。
(d) Any subsequent
alteration of the bearing between the two vessels
shall not
make the overtaking vessel a
crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules
or
relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of
the overtaken vessel until she is finally past
and clear.
第 十 四 条 Rule 14
对 遇 局 面
Head-On Situation
1. 当两艘机动船在相反的或接近相反的航向上相遇致有构成
碰撞危险时，
各应向右转向，从而各从他船的左舷驶过。
(a) When two
power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or
nearly
reciprocal courses so as to involve
risk of collision each shall alter her course to
starboard so that each shall pass on the port
side of the other.
2．当一船看见他船在正前方或接近正前方，并且，在夜间能
看见他船的前
后桅灯成一直线或接近一直线和（或）两盏舷灯；在白天能看到他船的上述相应
形
态时，则应认为存在这样的局面。
(b) Such a situation shall be
deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead
or nearly ahead and by night she could see the
masthead lights of the other in a line
or
nearly in a line andor both sidelights and by day
she observes the corresponding
aspect of the
other vessel.
3．当一船对是否存在这样的局面有任何怀疑时，该船应假定确实存在这
种
局面，并应采取相应的行动。
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(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to
whether such a situation exists she shall
assume that it does exist and act accordingly.
第 十 五 条 Rule 15
交叉相遇局面 Crossing
Situation
当两艘机动船交叉相遇致有构成碰撞危险时，有他船在哪有或船舶应给他
船让路，如当时环境许可，还应避免横越他船的前方。
When two power-driven
vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of
collision, the
vessel which has the other on
her own starboard side shall keep out of the way
and
shall, if the circumstances of the case
admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other
vessel.
第 十 六 条 Rule 16
让路船的行动
Action by Give-way Vessel
须给他船让路的船舶，应尽可能及早地采取大幅度的行动，宽裕地让清他
船。
Every vessel which is directed to keep out of
the way of another vessel shall, so
far as
possible, take early and substantial action to
keep well clear.
第 十 七 条 Rule 17
直航船的行动
Action by Stand-on Vessel
1．（1）两船中的一船应给另一船让路时，另一船应保持航向和航速。
(a) (i)
Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way
the other shall keep
her course and speed.
（2）然而，当保持航向和航速的船一经发觉规定的让路船显然没有遵照本
规则条款采取适当行动时，
该船即可独自采取操纵行动，以避免碰撞。
2．当规定保持航向和航速的船，发觉本船不论由于何种原
因逼近到单凭让
路船的行动不能避免碰撞时，也应采取最有助于避碰的行动。
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(b) When, from any cause, the
vessel required to keep her course and speed
finds herself so close that collision cannot
be avoided by the action of the give-way
vessel alone, she shall take such action as
will best aid to avoid collision.
3．在交叉相遇的局面下，
机动船按照本条二款（2）项采取行动以避免与另
一艘机动船碰撞时，如当时环境许可，不应对在本船左
舷的船采取向左转向。
(c) A power-driven vessel which
takes action in a crossing situation in
accordance with subparagraph (a)(ii) of this
Rule to avoid collision with another
power-
driven vessel shall, if the circumstances of the
case admit, not alter course to
port for a
vessel on her own port side.
4．本条并不解除让路船的让路义务。
(d) This Rule does not relieve the give-way
vessel of her obligation to keep out of
the
way.
第 十 八 条 Rule 18
船舶之间的责任
Responsibilities Between Vessels
除
九、十和十三条另有规定外：
Except where Rules 9, 10 and
13 otherwise require:
1．机动船在航时应给下述船舶让路：
(a) A power-driven vessel underway shall keep
out of the way of:
（1）失去控制的船舶；
（2）操纵能力受到限制的船舶；
(ii) a vessel restricted
in her ability to maneuver;
（3）从事捕鱼的船舶；
(iii) a vessel engaged in fishing;
19 22
（4）帆船。
(iv) a sailing
vessel.
2．帆船在航时应给下述船舶让路：
(b) A sailing
vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:
（1）失去控制的船舶；
（2）操纵能力受到限制的船舶；
(ii) a
vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver;
（3）从事捕鱼的船舶。
(iii) a vessel engaged in
fishing.
3．从事捕鱼的船舶在航时，应尽可能给下述船舶让路：
(c) A
vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall, so
far as possible, keep out
of the way of:
（1）失去控制的船舶；
（2）操纵能力受到限制的船舶。
(ii) a
vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver.
4．（1）除失去控制的船舶或操纵能力受到限制的船舶外，任何船舶，如当
时环境许可，应避免妨碍显
示第二十八条信号的限于吃水的船舶的安全通行。
（2）限于吃水的船舶应全面考虑其特殊条件，特别谨慎地驾驶。
(ii) A
vessel constrained by her draft shall navigate
with particular caution having
full regard to
her special condition.
5．在水面的水上飞机，通常应宽裕地让清所有船舶
并避免妨碍其航行。然
而在有碰撞危险的情况下，则应遵守本章条款的规定。
20 22
第三节 船舶在能见度不良时的行动规则
Section III - Conduct of Vessels in Restricted
Visibility
第 十 九 条 Rule 19
船舶在能见度不良时的行动规则
Conduct of Vessels in
Restricted Visibility
1．本条适用于在能见度不良的水域中或在其附近航行时不在互见中的船
舶。
(a)
This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one
another when navigating in or
near an area of
restricted visibility.
2．每一船应以适合当时能见度不良的环境和情况的
安全航速行驶，机动船
应将机器作好随时操纵的准备。
(b) Every vessel
shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the
prevailing
circumstances and conditions of
restricted visibility. A power-driven vessel shall
have
her engines ready for immediate maneuver.
3．在遵守本章第一节各条时，每一船应充分考虑当时能见度不良的环境和
情况。
4
．一船仅凭雷达测到他船时，应判定是否正在形成紧迫局面和（或）存在
碰撞危险。若是如此，应及早地
采取避让行动，如果这种行动包括转向，则应
尽可能避免如下各点：
(d) A
vessel which detects by radar alone the presence
of another vessel shall
determine if a close-
quarters situation is developing andor risk of
collision exists. If
so, she shall take
avoiding action in ample time, provided that when
such action
consists of an alteration of
course, so far as possible the following shall be
avoided:
（1）除对被追越船外，对正横前的船舶采取向左转向；
21 22
(i) an alteration of course
to port for a vessel forward of the beam, other
than
for a vessel being overtaken;
（2）对正横或正横后的船舶采取朝着它转向。
(ii) an alteration
of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the
beam.
5．除已断定不存在碰撞危险外，每一船当听到他船的雾号显似在本船正横
以前，
或者与正横以前的他船不能避免紧迫局面时，应将航速减到能维持其航
向的最小速度。必要时，应把船完
全停住，而且，无论如何，应极其谨慎地驾
驶，直到碰撞危险过去为止。
(e)
Except where it has been determined that a risk of
collision does not exist,
every vessel which
hears apparently forward of her beam the fog
signal of another
vessel, or which cannot
avoid a
close-quarters situation with another
vessel forward of her beam, shall reduce
her
speed to the minimum at which she can be kept on
her course. She shall if
necessary take all
her way off and in any event navigate with extreme
caution until
danger of collision is over.
22 22