1972年国际海上避碰规则(中英)
北京景山学校-奥林匹克运动会口号
*
1972 年 国 际 海 上 避 碰 规 则
INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS FOR
PREVENTING
COLLISIONS AT SEA,
1972
（第1- 19条）
第一章 总 则 Part A – General
第 一 条
Rule 1
适 用 范 围 Application
1
本规则条款适用于公海和连接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶。
(a)These
Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high
seas and in all waters connected therewith
navigable by
seagoing vessels.
2本规则条
款不妨碍有关主管机关为连接于公海而可供海船航行的任何港外锚地、江河、湖泊或内陆水道
所制订的特
殊规定的实施。这种特殊规定，应尽可能符合本规则条款。
(b)Nothing in these
Rules shall interfere in the operation of special
rules made by an appropriate authority for
roadsteads, harbors, rivers, lakes or inland
waterways connected with the high seas and
navigable by seagoing
vessels. Such special
rules shall conform as closely as possible to
these Rules.
3．本规则条款不妨碍各国政府为军舰及护航下的船舶所制定的
关于额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号，
或者为结队从事捕鱼的渔船所制定的关于额外的队形灯、信号
灯或号型的任何特殊规定的实施。这些额
外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号，应尽可能不致被误认为本规
则其他条文所规定的任何号灯、号型或
信号。
(c) Nothing in these
Rules shall interfere with the operation of any
special rules made by the Government of any
State with respect to additional station or
signal lights or shapes or whistle signals for
ships of war and vessels
proceeding under
convoy, or with respect to additional station or
signal lights for fishing vessels fishing as a
fleet.
These additional station or signal
lights or whistle signals shall, so far as
possible, be such that they cannot be
mistaken
for any light, shape, or signal authorized
elsewhere under these Rules.
4．为实施本规则，本组织可以采纳分道通航制。
(d) Traffic
separation schemes may be adopted by the
Organization for the purpose of these Rules.
5
凡经有关政府确定，某种特殊构造或用途的船舶，如不能完全遵守本规则任何一条关于号灯或号型的数
*
量、位置、能见距离或弧度以及声号设备的配置和特性的规定时，则应遵守其政府在号 灯或号型的数量、
位置、能见距离或弧度以及声号设备的配置和特性方面为之另行确定的尽可能符合本规 则条款要求的规
定。
(e) Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of special construction or purpose
cannot comply fully with the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to number, position, range or arc of
visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound- signalling appliances, such
vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or
shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound- signalling appliances, as her Government shall
have determined to be the closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect to that vessel.
第 二 条 Rule 2
责 任 Responsibility
1．本规则条款并不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船长或船员 由于遵守本规则条款的任何疏忽，或者按海员
通常做法或当时特殊情况所要求的任何戒备上的疏忽而产生 的各种后果的责任。
(a) Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master, or crew thereof, from the
consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be
required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.
2．在解释和遵行本规则条款时，应充分考虑一切航行和碰撞的危险以及包括当事船舶条件限制在内的任
何特殊情况，这些危险和特殊情况可能需要背离本规则条款以避免紧迫危险。
(b) In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and
collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a
departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.
第 三 条 Rule 3
一 般 定 义 General Definitions
除条文另有解释外，在本规则中：
For the purpose of these Rules, except where the context otherwise requires:
1“船舶”一词，指用作或者能够用作水上运输工具的各类水上船筏，包括非排水船筏和水上飞机。
(a) The word
used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.
2“机动船”一词，指用机器推进的任何船舶。
(b) The term
3．“帆船”一词，指任何驶帆的船舶，如果装有推进器但不在使用。
(c) The term vesselmeans any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not
*
being used.
4、“从事捕鱼的船舶”一
词，指使用网具、绳钓、拖网或其他使其操纵性能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的任何
船舶，但不包括使用曳绳钓
或其他并不使其操纵性能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的船舶。
(d) The term engaged
in fishingmeans any vessel fishing with nets,
lines, trawls, or other fishing
apparatus
which restrict maneuverability, but does not
include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or
other fishing
apparatus which do not restrict
manageability.
5“水上飞机”一词，包括为能在水面操纵而设计的任何航空器。
(e) The term
6“失去控制的船舶”一词，指由于某种异常情况，不能按本规则条款的要求进行操纵，因而
不能给他船
让路的船舶。
(f) The term not under
commandmeans a vessel which through some
exceptional circumstance is
unable to maneuver
as required by these Rules and is therefore unable
to keep out of the way of another vessel.
7“操纵能力受到限制的船舶”一词，指由于工作性质，使其按本规则条款的要求进行操纵的能力受到限
制，因而不能给他船让路的船舶。
(g) The term
restricted in her ability to maneuver as
required by these Rules and is therefore unable to
keep out of the way of
another vessel.
“操纵能力受到限制的船舶”一词应包括，但不限于下列船舶：
The term
（1）从事敷设。维修或起捞助航标志、海底电缆或管道的船舶；
(i) A
vessel engaged in laying, servicing, or picking up
a navigational mark, submarine cable or pipeline;
（2）从事疏浚、测量或水下作业的船舶；
(ii) A vessel engaged
in dredging, surveying or underwater operations;
（3）在航中从事补给或转运人员、食品或货物的船舶；
(iii) A vessel
engaged in replenishment or transferring persons,
provisions or cargo while underway;
（4）从事发放或回收航空器的船舶；
(iv) A vessel engaged in the
launching or recovery of aircraft;
（5）从事清除水雷作业的船舶；
(v) A vessel engaged in
mineclearance operations;
（6）从事拖带作业的船舶，而该项拖带作业使该拖船及其被拖物体驶离其航向的能力严重受到限制者。
(vi) A vessel engaged in a towing operation
such as severely restricts the towing vessel and
her tow in their
ability to deviate from their
course.
8“限于吃水的船舶”一词，指由于吃水与可航行水域的水深和宽度
的关系，致使其驶离航向的能力严重
地受到限制的机动船。
(h) The term
to the available depth and width of navigable
water is severely restricted in her ability to
deviate from the course
she is following.
9．“在航”一词，指船舶不在锚泊、系岸或搁浅。
*
(i)
The word
10．船舶的“长度”和“宽度”是指其总长度和最大宽度。
(j) The words
11
只有当一船能自他船以视觉看到时，才应认为两船是在互见中。
(k) Vessels shall
be deemed to be in sight of one another only when
one can be observed visually from the other.
12．“能见度不良”一词，指任何由于雾、霾、下雪、暴风雨、沙暴或任何其他类似原因而使能见度受
到
限制的情况。
(l) The term
heavy rainstorms,
sandstorms and any other similar causes.
第二章 驾驶和航行规则
Part B - Steering and
Sailing Rules
第一节 船舶在任何能见度情况下的行动规则
Section I - Conduct of Vessels in any
Condition of Visibility
第 四 条 Rule 4
适 用
范 围 Application
本节条款适用于任何能见度的情况。
Rules in this section apply to any condition
of visibility.
第 五 条 Rule 5
了 望
Look-out
每一船在任何时候都应使用视觉、听觉以及适合当时环境和情况的一切有效手段保持
正规的了望，以便
对局面和碰撞危险作出充分的估计。
Every vessel
shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by
sight as well as by hearing as well as by all
available
means appropriate in the prevailing
circumstances and conditions so as to make a full
appraisal of the situation
and of the risk of
collision.
第 六 条 Rule 6
安全航速
Safe Speed
*
每一船在任何时候都应以安全航速行驶，以便能采
取适当而有效的避碰行动，并能在适合当时环境和情
况的距离以内把船停住。
Every
vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed
so that she can take proper and effective action
to avoid
collision and be stopped within a
distance appropriate to the prevailing
circumstances and conditions.
在决定安全航速时，考虑的因素中应包括下列各点：
In determining a
safe speed the following factors shall be among
those taken into account:
1．对所有船舶：
(a) By all vessels:
（1）能见度情况；
(i)The state of visibility;
（2）通航密度，包括渔船或者任何其他船舶的密集程度；
(ii) The traffic
density including concentrations of fishing
vessels or any other vessels;
（3）船舶的操纵性能，特别是在当时情况下的冲程和旋回性能；
(iii) The
manageability of the vessel with special reference
to stopping distance and turning ability in the
prevailing conditions;
（4）夜间出现的背景亮光，诸如来自岸上的灯光或本船灯光的反向散射；
(iv) At
night the presence of background light such as
from shore lights or from back scatter from her
own
lights;
（5）风、浪和流的状况以及靠近航海危险物的情况；
(v) The state of wind, sea and current, and
the proximity of navigational hazards;
（6）吃水与可用水深的关系。
(vi) The draft in relation
to the available depth of water.
2．对备有可使用的雷达的船舶，还应考虑：
(b) Additionally, by
vessels with operational radar:
（1）雷达设备的特性、效率和局限性；
(i) The characteristics,
efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment;
（2）所选用的雷达距离标尺带来的任何限制；
(ii) Any
constrains imposed by the radar range scale in
use;
（3）海况、天气和其他干扰源对雷达探测的影响；
(iii)
The effect on radar detection of the sea state,
weather and other sources of interference;
（4）在适当距离内，雷达对小船、浮冰和其他漂浮物有探测不到的可能性；
(iv) The
possibility that small vessels, ice and other
floating objects may not be detected by radar at
an
adequate range;
（5）雷达探测到的船舶数目、位置和动态；
(v) The number location and movement of
vessels detected by radar;
（6）当用雷达测定附近船舶或其他物体的距离时，可能对能见度作出更确切的估计。
(vi)
The more exact assessment of the visibility that
may be possible when radar is used to determine
the
range of vessels or other objects in the
vicinity.
第 七 条 Rule 7
*
碰 撞 危 险 Risk of Collision
1．每一船都应使
用适合当时环境和情况的一切有效手段断定是否存在碰撞危险，如有任何怀疑，则应认
为存在这种危险。
(a) Every vessel shall use all available means
appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and
conditions to
determine if risk of collision
exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be
deemed to exist.
2．如装有雷达设备并可使用的话，则应正确予以使用
，包括远距离扫描，以便获得碰撞危险的早期警报，
并对探测到的物标进行雷达标绘或与其相当的系统观
察。
(b) Proper use shall be made of radar
equipment if fitted and operational, including
long-range scanning to obtain
early warning of
risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent
systematic observation of detected objects.
3．不应当根据不充分的资料，特别是不充分的雷达观测资料作出推断。
(c)
Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of
scanty information, especially scanty radar
information.
4．在断定是否存在碰撞危险时，考虑的因素中应包括下列各点：
(d) In
determining if risk of collision exists the
following considerations shall be among those
taken into account:
（1）如果来船的罗经方位没有明显的变化，则应认为存在这种危险；
(i) Such
risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass
bearing of an approaching vessel does not
appreciably
change;
（2）即使有明显的方位变化，有时也可能存
在这种危险，特别是在驶近一艘很大的船或拖带船组时，
或是在近距离驶近他船时。
(ii) Such risk may sometimes exist even when an
appreciable bearing change is evident,
particularly when
approaching a very large
vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at
close range.
第 八 条 Rule 8
避免碰撞的行动
Action to Avoid Collision
1．为避免碰撞所采取的任何行动
，如当时环境许可，应是积极的，应及早地进行和充分注意运用良好的
船艺。
(a) Any
action taken to avoid collision shall, if the
circumstances of the case admit, be positive, made
in ample
time and with due regard to the
observance of good seamanship.
2．为避兔碰撞而作的
航向和（或）航速的任何变动，如当时环境许可，应大得足以使他船用视觉或雷达
观测时容易察觉到；应
避免对航向和（或）航速作一连串的小变动。
(b) Any alteration of
course andor speed to avoid collision shall, if
the circumstances of the case admit, be large
enough to be readily apparent to another
vessel observing visually or by radar; a
succession of small alterations
of course
andor speed should be avoided.
3．如有足够的水域，
则单用转向可能是避免紧迫局面的最有效行动，只要这种行动是及时的、大幅度的，
并且不致造成另一紧
迫局面。
*
(c) If there is sufficient
sea room, alteration of course alone may be the
most effective action to avoid a
close-
quarters situation provided that it is made in
good time, is substantial and does not result in
another
close-quarters situation.
4．为
避免与他船碰撞而采取的行动，应能导致在安全的距离驶过。应细心查核避让行动的有效性，直到
最后驶
过让清他船为止。
(d) Action taken to avoid collision
with another vessel shall be such as to result in
passing at a safe distance. The
effectiveness
of the action shall be carefully checked until the
other vessel is finally past and clear.
5．如需为避免碰撞或留有更多的时间来估计局面，船舶应当减速或者停止或倒转推进器把船停住。
(e) If necessary to avoid collision or allow
more time to assess the situation, a vessel may
slacken her speed or
take all way off by
stopping or reversing her means of propulsion.
6． （1）根据本规则任何规定，要求不得妨碍另一船通过或安全通过的船舶应根据当时环
境的需要及早
地采取行动以留出足够的水域供他船安全通过。
(f) (i) A
vessel which, by any of these rules, is required
not to impede the passage or safe passage of
another
vessel shall when required by the
circumstances of the case, take early action to
allow sufficient sea room
for the safe passage
of the other vessel.
（2）如果在接近其他船舶致有碰撞危险时，被
要求不得妨碍另一船通过或安全通过的船舶并不解除
这一责任，且当采取行动时，应充分考虑到本章条款
可能要求的行动。
(ii) A vessel required not to
impede the passage or safe passage of another
vessel is not relieved of this
obligation if
approaching the other vessel so as to involve risk
of collision and shall, when taking action,
have full regard to the action which may be
required by the rules of this part.
（3）当两船相互接近致有碰撞危险时，其通过不得被妨碍的船舶仍有完全遵守本章各条规定的责任。
(iii) A vessel the passage of which is not to
be impeded remains fully obliged to comply with
the rules of
this part when the two vessels
are approaching one another so as to involve risk
of collision.
第 九 条 Rule 9
狭 水 道
Narrow Channels
1．沿狭水道或航道行驶的船舶，只要安全可行，应尽量靠近其右舷的该水道或航道的外缘行驶。
(a) A vessel proceeding along the course of a
narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to
the outer limit of
the channel or fairway
which Iies on her starboard side as is safe and
practicable.
2．帆船或者长度小于20米的船舶，不应妨碍只能在狭水道或航道以内安全航行的船舶通行。
(b) A vessel of less than 20 meters in length
or a sailing vessel shall not impede the passage
of a vessel which can
safely navigate only
within a narrow channel or fairway.
3．从事捕鱼的船舶，不应妨碍任何其他在狭水道或航道以内航行的船舶通行。
(c) A
vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the
passage of any other vessel navigating within a
narrow
channel or fairway.
*
4、船舶不应穿越狭水道或航道，如果这种穿越会妨碍只能在这种水道或航道以内安全航
行的船舶通行。后者若对穿越船的意图有怀疑时，可以使用第三十四条4款规定的声号。
(d) A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel
or fairway if such crossing impedes the passage of
a vessel which
can safely navigate only within
such channel or fairway. The latter vessel may use
the sound signal prescribed in
Rule 34(d) if
in doubt as to the intention of the crossing
vessel.
5．（1）在狭水道或航道内，如只有在被迫越船必须采取行动以允许安全
通过才能追越时，则企图迫越的
船，应鸣放第三十四条3款（1）项所规定的相应声号，以表示其意图。
被追越船如果同意，应鸣放第三
十四条3款（2）项所规定的相应声号，并采取使之能安全通过的措施。
如有怀疑，则可以鸣放第三十四
条4款所规定的声号。
(e) (I) In a
narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take
place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to
take action to permit safe passing, the vessel
intending to overtake shall indicate her intention
by sounding
the appropriate signal prescribed
in Rule 34(c)( i). The vessel to be overtaken
shall, if in agreement, sound
the appropriate
signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(ii) and take steps
to permit safe passing. If in doubt she may
sound the signals prescribed in Rule 34(d).
（2）本条并不解除追越船根据第十三条所负的义务。
(ii) This Rule
does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her
obligation under Rule 13.
6．船舶在驶近可能有其他船舶被
居间障碍物遮蔽的狭水道或航道的弯头或地段时，应特别机警和谨慎地
驾驶，并应呜放第三十四条5款规
定的相应声号。
(f) A vessel nearing a bend or an area
of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels
may be obscured by an
intervening obstruction
shall navigate with particular alertness and
caution
and shall sound the appropriate signal
prescribed in Rule 34(e).
7．任何船舶，如当时环境许可，都应避免在狭水道内锚泊。
(g) Any vessel
shall, if the circumstances of the case admit,
avoid anchoring in a narrow channel.
第 十
条 Rule 10
分道通航制 Traffic Separation
Schemes
1．本条适用于本组织采纳的分道通航制，但并不解除任何船舶遵守任何其他各条规定的责任。
(a) This Rule applies to traffic separation
schemes adopted by the Organization and does not
relieve any vessel of
her obligation under any
other rule.
2．使用分道通航制区域的船舶应：
(b) A
vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall:
（1）在相应的通航分道内顺着该分道的船舶总流向行驶；
(i)
proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the
general direction of traffic flow for that lane;
（2）尽可能让开通航分隔线或分隔带；
(ii) so far as
practicable keep clear of a traffic separation
line or separation zone;
（3）通常在通航分道的端部驶进或驶出
，但从分道的任何一侧驶进或驶出时，应与分道的船舶总流
向形成尽可能小的角度。
*
(iii) normally join or leave
a traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but
when joining or leaving from
either side shall
do so at as small an angle to the general
direction of traffic low as practicable.
3．船舶应尽可能避免穿越通航分道，但如不得不穿越时，应尽可能用与分道的船舶总流向
成直角的船首向穿越。
(c) A vessel shall, so far as
practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes but if
obliged to do so shall cross on a heading
as
nearly as practicable at right angles to the
general direction of traffic flow.
4．（1）当
船舶可安全使用邻近分道通航制区域中相应通航分道时，不应使用沿岸通航带。但长度小于20
米的船舶
、帆船和从事捕鱼的船舶可使用沿岸通航带。
(d) (i) A vessel shall
not use an inshore traffic zone when she can
safely use the appropriate traffic lane within
the adjacent traffic separation scheme.
However, vessels of less than 20 meters in length,
sailing vessels and
vessels engaged in fishing
may use the inshore traffic zone.
（2）尽管有本条4（
1）规定，当船舶抵离位于沿岸通航带中的港口、近岸设施或建筑物、引航站或任
何其他地方或为避免紧
迫危险时，可使用沿岸通航带。
(ii) Notwithstanding
subparagraph (d)(i), a vessel may use an inshore
traffic zone when en route to or from
a port,
offshore installation or structure, pilot station
or any other place situated within the inshore
traffic
zone, or to avoid immediate danger.
5．除穿越船或者驶进或驶出通航分道的船舶外，船舶通常不应进人分隔带或穿越分隔线，除非：
(e) A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a
vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not
normally enter a separation
zone or cross a
separation line except:
（1）在紧急情况下避免紧迫危险；
(i) in cases of emergency to avoid
immediate danger;
（2）在分隔带内从事捕鱼。
(ii)
to engage in fishing within a separation zone.
6．船舶在分道通航制区域端部附近行驶时，应特别谨慎。
(f) A
vessel navigating in areas near the terminations
of traffic separation schemes shall do so with
particular
caution.
7．船舶应尽可能避免在分道通航制区域内或其端部附近锚泊。
(g) A vessel
shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a
traffic separation scheme or in areas near its
terminations.
8．不使用分道通航制区域的船舶，应尽可能远离该区。
(h) A vessel not
using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it
by as wide a margin as is practicable.
9．从事捕鱼的船舶，不应妨碍按通航分道行驶的任何船舶的通行。
(i) A
vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the
passage of any vessel following a traffic lane.
10．帆船或长度小于20米的船舶，不应妨碍按通航分道行驶的机动船的安全通行。
(j) A vessel of less than 20 meters in length
or a sailing vessel shall not impede the safe
passage of a
power-driven vessel following a
traffic lane.
*
11.
操纵能力受到限制的船舶，当在分道通航制区域内从事维护航行安全的作业时，在执
行该作业所必需的限度内，免受本条规定的约束。
(k) A vessel
restricted in her ability to maneuver when engaged
in an operation for the maintenance of safety of
navigation in a traffic separation scheme is
exempted from complying with this Rule to the
extent necessary to
carry out the operation.
12．操纵能力受到限制的船舶，当在分道通航制区域内从事敷设、维修或起捞海底电缆时，
在执行该作业所必需的限度内，免受本条规定的约束。
(l) A vessel
restricted in her ability to maneuver when engaged
in an operation for the laying, servicing or
picking up of a submarine cable, within a
traffic separation scheme, is exempted from
complying with this Rule
to the extent
necessary to carry out the operation.
第二节
船舶在互见中的行动规则
Section II - Conduct of Vessels in
Sight of One Another
第 十 一 条 Rule 11
适
用 范 围 Application
本节条款适用于互见中的船舶。
Rules in this Section apply to vessels in
sight of one another.
第 十 二 条 Rule 12
帆 船 Sailing Vessels
1．两艘帆船相互驶近致有构成碰撞危险时，其中一船应按下列规定给他船让路：
(a)
When two sailing vessels are approaching one
another, so as to involve risk of collision, one
of them shall
keep out of the way of the other
as follows:
（1）两船在不同舷受风时，左舷受风的船应给他船让路；
(i) when each has the wind on a different
side, the vessel which has the wind on the port
side shall keep out
of the way of the other;
（2）两船在同舷受风时，上风船应给下风船让路；
(ii) when
both have the wind on the same side, the vessel
which is to windward shall keep out of the way
of the vessel which is to leeward;
（3）如左舷受风的船看到在上风的船而不能断定究竟该船是左舷受风还是右舷受风，则应给该船让
路。
(iii) if a vessel with the wind on the
port side sees a vessel to windward and cannot
determine with
certainty whether the other
vessel has the wind on the port or on the
starboard side, she shall keep out of
the way
of the other.
*
2．就本条规定而言，船舶的受
风舷侧应认为是主帆被吹向的一舷的对面舷侧；对于方帆船，则应认为是
最大纵帆被吹向的一舷的对面舷
侧。
(b) For the purposes of this Rule the
windward side shall be deemed to be the side
opposite to that on which the
mainsail is
carried or, in the case of a square-rigged vessel,
the side opposite to that on which the largest
fore-and-aft sail is carried.
第 十 三 条
Rule 13
追 越 Overtaking
1.不论第二章第一节和第二节的各条规定如何，任何船舶在追越任何他船时，均应给被追越船让路。
(a) Notwithstanding anything contained in the
Rules of Part B, Sections I and II any vessel
overtaking any other
shall keep out of the way
of the vessel being overtaken.
2．一船正从他船正横
后大于22．5度的某一方向赶上他船时，即该船对其所追越的船所处的位置，在夜
间只能看见被追越船
的尾灯而不能看见它的任一舷灯时，应认为是在追越中。
(b) A vessel shall
be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with
another vessel from a direction more than
22.5
degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a
position with reference to the vessel she is
overtaking, that at night
she would be able to
see only the stern light of that vessel but
neither of her sidelights.
3.当一船对其是否在追越他船有任何怀疑时，该船应假定是在追越，并应采取相应行动。
(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to
whether she is overtaking another, she shall
assume that this is the case
and act
accordingly.
4．随后两船间方位的任何改变，都不应把追越船作为本规则条
款含义中所指的交叉相遇船，或者免除其
让开被追越船的责任，直到最后驶过让清为止。
(d) Any subsequent alteration of the bearing
between the two vessels shall not make the
overtaking vessel a
crossing vessel within the
meaning of these Rules or relieve her of the duty
of keeping clear of the overtaken
vessel until
she is finally past and clear.
第 十 四 条 Rule 14
对 遇 局 面 Head-On
Situation
1. 当两艘机动船在相反的或接近相反的航向上相遇致有构成碰撞危
险时，各应向右转向，从而各从他船
的左舷驶过。
(a) When two power-
driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly
reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of
*
collision each shall alter her
course to starboard so that each shall pass on the
port side of the other.
2．当一船看见他船在正前方或接近正
前方，并且，在夜间能看见他船的前后桅灯成一直线或接近一直线
和（或）两盏舷灯；在白天能看到他船
的上述相应形态时，则应认为存在这样的局面。
(b) Such a situation
shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the
other ahead or nearly ahead and by night she
could see the masthead lights of the other in
a line or nearly in a line andor both sidelights
and by day she
observes the corresponding
aspect of the other vessel.
3．当一船对是否存在这样的局面有任何怀疑时，该船应假定确实存在这种局面，并应采取相应的行动。
(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to
whether such a situation exists she shall assume
that it does exist and act
accordingly.
第 十 五 条 Rule 15
交叉相遇局面 Crossing
Situation
当两艘机动船交叉相遇致有构成碰撞危险时，有他船在哪有或船舶应给
他船让路，如当时环境许可，还
应避免横越他船的前方。
When two power-
driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk
of collision, the vessel which has the other on
her own starboard side shall keep out of the
way and shall, if the circumstances of the case
admit, avoid
crossing ahead of the other
vessel.
第 十 六 条 Rule 16
让路船的行动
Action by Give-way Vessel
须给他船让路的船舶，应尽可能及早地采取大幅度的行动，宽裕地让清他船。
Every
vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of
another vessel shall, so far as possible, take
early and
substantial action to keep well
clear.
第 十 七 条 Rule 17
直航船的行动 Action by Stand-on Vessel
1．（1）两船中的一船应给另一船让路时，另一船应保持航向和航速。
(a) (i)
Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way
the other shall keep her course and speed.
（2）然而，当保持航向和航速的船一经发觉规定的让路船显然没有遵照本规则条款采取适当行动时，
该
船即可独自采取操纵行动，以避免碰撞。
*
(ii) The
latter vessel may however take action to avoid
collision by her maneuver alone, as soon as it
becomes apparent to her that the vessel
required to keep out of the way is not taking
appropriate action in
compliance with these
Rules.
2．当规定保持航向和航速的船，发觉本船不论由于何种原因逼近到单凭让路
船的行动不能避免碰撞时，
也应采取最有助于避碰的行动。
(b) When, from
any cause, the vessel required to keep her course
and speed finds herself so close that collision
cannot be avoided by the action of the give-
way vessel alone, she shall take such action as
will best aid to avoid
collision.
3．在
交叉相遇的局面下，机动船按照本条二款（2）项采取行动以避免与另一艘机动船碰撞时，如当时
环境许
可，不应对在本船左舷的船采取向左转向。
(c) A power-driven vessel
which takes action in a crossing situation in
accordance with subparagraph (a)(ii) of
this
Rule to avoid collision with another power-driven
vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case
admit, not
alter course to port for a vessel
on her own port side.
4．本条并不解除让路船的让路义务。
(d) This Rule does not relieve the give-way
vessel of her obligation to keep out of the way.
第 十 八 条 Rule 18
船舶之间的责任
Responsibilities Between Vessels
除第九、十和十三条另有规定外：
Except where Rules 9, 10
and 13 otherwise require:
1．机动船在航时应给下述船舶让路：
(a) A power-driven
vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:
（1）失去控制的船舶；
(i) a vessel not under command;
（2）操纵能力受到限制的船舶；
(ii) a vessel
restricted in her ability to maneuver;
（3）从事捕鱼的船舶；
(iii) a vessel engaged in fishing;
（4）帆船。
(iv) a sailing vessel.
2．帆船在航时应给下述船舶让路：
(b) A sailing vessel
underway shall keep out of the way of:
（1）失去控制的船舶；
(i) a vessel not under command;
（2）操纵能力受到限制的船舶；
(ii) a vessel
restricted in her ability to maneuver;
*
（3）从事捕鱼的船舶。
(iii) a vessel
engaged in fishing.
3．从事捕鱼的船舶在航时，应尽可能给下述船舶让路：
(c) A vessel
engaged in fishing when underway shall, so far as
possible, keep out of the way of:
（1）失去控制的船舶；
(i) a vessel not under command;
（2）操纵能力受到限制的船舶。
(ii) a vessel
restricted in her ability to maneuver.
4．
（1）除失去控制的船舶或操纵能力受到限制的船舶外，任何船舶，如当时环境许可，应避免妨碍显示
第
二十八条信号的限于吃水的船舶的安全通行。
(d) (i) Any vessel other
than a vessel not under command or a vessel
restricted in her ability to maneuver shall,
if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid
impeding the safe passage of a vessel constrained
by her draft,
exhibiting the signals in Rule
28.
（2）限于吃水的船舶应全面考虑其特殊条件，特别谨慎地驾驶。
(ii)
A vessel constrained by her draft shall navigate
with particular caution having full regard to her
special
condition.
5．在水面的水上飞机，通常应宽裕地让
清所有船舶并避免妨碍其航行。然而在有碰撞危险的情况下，则
应遵守本章条款的规定。
(e) A seaplane on the water shall, in general,
keep well clear of all vessels and avoid impeding
their navigation.
In circumstances, however,
where risk of collision exists, she shall comply
with the Rules of this Part.
第三节
船舶在能见度不良时的行动规则
Section III - Conduct of
Vessels in Restricted Visibility
第 十 九 条
Rule 19
船舶在能见度不良时的行动规则
Conduct of
Vessels in Restricted Visibility
*
1．本条适用于在能见度不良的水域中或在其附近航行时不在互见中的船舶。
(a)
This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one
another when navigating in or near an area of
restricted
visibility.
2．每一船应以适合当时能见度
不良的环境和情况的安全航速行驶，机动船应将机器作好随时操纵的准备。
(b) Every
vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to
the prevailing circumstances and conditions of
restricted
visibility. A power-driven vessel
shall have her engines ready for immediate
maneuver.
3．在遵守本章第一节各条时，每一船应充分考虑当时能见度不良的环境和情况。
(c)
Every vessel shall have due regard to the
prevailing circumstances and conditions of
restricted visibility
when complying with the
Rules of Section I of this Part.
4．一船仅凭雷达
测到他船时，应判定是否正在形成紧迫局面和（或）存在碰撞危险。若是如此，应及早
地采取避让行动，
如果这种行动包括转向，则应尽可能避免如下各点：
(d) A vessel which
detects by radar alone the presence of another
vessel shall determine if a close-quarters
situation is developing andor risk of
collision exists. If so, she shall take avoiding
action in ample time, provided
that when such
action consists of an alteration of course, so far
as possible the following shall be avoided:
（1）除对被追越船外，对正横前的船舶采取向左转向；
(i) an alteration of
course to port for a vessel forward of the beam,
other than for a vessel being overtaken;
（2）对正横或正横后的船舶采取朝着它转向。
(ii) an alteration of
course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam.
5．除已断定不存在碰撞危险外，每一船当听到他船的雾号显似在本船正横以前，或者与正横
以前的他船
不能避免紧迫局面时，应将航速减到能维持其航向的最小速度。必要时，应把船完全停住，而
且，无论
如何，应极其谨慎地驾驶，直到碰撞危险过去为止。
(e) Except
where it has been determined that a risk of
collision does not exist, every vessel which hears
apparently forward of her beam the fog signal
of another vessel, or which cannot avoid a
close-quarters situation with another vessel
forward of her beam, shall reduce her speed to the
minimum at which
she can be kept on her
course. She shall if necessary take all her way
off and in any event navigate with extreme
caution until danger of collision is over.