选修六unit1知识点。讲解学习
爱眼日是几月几号-指导青年教师总结
ct
1)Adj.深奥的，抽象的
Astronomy is an
abstract subject. 天文学是一门深奥的学科。
Beauty is
abstract but a house is not .美是抽象的，房子是具体的。
2）V.
○
1
“提炼” “抽取”
Rubber is
abstracted from trees.橡胶是从树木提取的。
Salt can be
abstracted from sea water.盐是从海水中提取出来的。
②“概括，写摘要”
He is abstracting a story for a
book review.他在为一篇书评撰写故事摘要。
3）n.摘要
an
abstract of a lecture一个演讲的摘要
rather do
sth 情愿做….
would rather sb did sth 情愿sb做…
I would rather stay at home today. 我今天宁愿待在家里。
I would rather you came here tomorrow.
我宁愿你明天来。
情愿做….而不愿意做…：
would rather do
sth than do sth
= would do sth rather than do
sth
= prefer to do sth rather than do sth
= prefer doing sth to doing sth
I
would rather go with you than stay here.
I
would go with you rather than stay here.
I
prefer to go with you rather than stay here.
I
prefer going with you to staying here.
n. 信任,信仰
break one's faith with sb. 对某人不守信用
keep faith with 忠于信仰; 守信
I kept faith
with him.我信守了对他的诺言。
He who loses faith, loses
all.失去信心的人, 失去所有。
have faith in 相信, 信任
in good faith 老实地；诚恳地
faithful adj.
忠诚的，可靠的
4.感叹句：
so+adj+a(an)+(单数可数)
(+that…) It was ___so____cold a day that
Such+a(an)+adj.+n.(不可数) n (复数) It was
____such____a cold day that
so manyfew +n
(复数) (+ that…)
so muchlittle (不可数) (+that…)
eg.1) The book is
____so____interesting that I want to read it
again.
2)the ice in the river was nearly
two feet thick.
3) the ice in the river
was nearly two feet thick.
4) There are
____so___many mistakes in yourcomposition that I
can’t understand it.
5) He has made
____such____rapid progress that he got the first
in the exam.
答案：so such so so such
_______that Mary was able to set up new
branches elsewhere.（07陕西）
A. So successful her
business was
B. So successful was her
business
C. So her business was successful
D. So was her successful business
答案：B
uently adv.
所以，因此
I overslept and consequently I was late
for work. 我睡过头了,所以我上班迟到了。
Mr Foster has never
been to China. Consequently, he knows very little
about it.（做插入语）
福斯特先生从未去过中国, 所以对中国了解得很少。
It rained that day and ___ the baseball game
was called off.
A. however B. still
C. so D. Consequently
答案：D
consequent adj. 作为结果的,随之发生的
consequence n. 结果
as a
consequenceresult of = because of=in consequence =
so
She was found guilty, and lost her job in
consequence (of it). 她被判有罪,因而失去了工作
1）n.
○
1
(C) 目标
without aim
无目的的 无目标的
achieve one’s aim完成目标
miss one’s
aim 打不中目标
○
2
(U) 对准, 瞄准
take aim
at
The hunter took aim at the lion
sb
sth’s aim is to do ……的目标是….
What is your aim
in life? 你生活的目的是什么?
The governor’s aim is to
increase citizens’ income.
2）v.
○
1
(以枪等) 对准,瞄准
take aim at the
target= aim at the target 瞄准靶子
.He aimed his
gun at the tiger, fired but missed
it.他用枪瞄准老虎并开火,但没打中
aim at doing = aim to
do 瞄准, 力求做到,力争达到
Harry aims at becoming a
doctor.
or: Harry aims to become a doctor.
aimless adj. 无目标的，无目的的
She led an
aimless life.
○
2
打算,计划, 以……为目标, 立志做……
tional
adj.(traditional)常规的，通常的，
传统的;受俗套束缚的，按习惯办事的，陈旧的,形式上的
conventional
weapons 常规武器
a conventional design 传统图案
conventional opinions 旧观念
The chairman
made a few conventional remarks. 主席说了几句客套话。
l
adj.典型的；具有代表性的；象征性的(representative)
a typical
character 典型人物
typical example 典型事例
He
is a typical pupil; he is like most of the other
pupils.
他是一个有代表性的学生，他和大多数其他学生一样。
.
evident明白的, 明显的(apparent)
n. evidence
证据;证明
The applause made it evident that the
play was a hit. 掌声显然表明该剧是成功的。
It is evident
(obvious) (to sb) that …..
It's evident that
you are tired. 显然你累了。
evident =in evidence
明显的
tic n.现实主义的,逼真的,现实的real adj. 真的
realize v. 实现
in a more realistic way
以一种更逼真的形式
realism现实主义→idealism 理想主义
realist现实主义者
terrorism 恐怖主义
terrorist 恐怖分子
Socialism社会主义
Socialist 社会主义者
…the Ideas value
view that... 持有…的观点 价值观
I hold the plan
can’t work.
adopt vt.
1.采取;采纳;吸收
After much deliberation, the president decided
to adopt her suggestion. 再三考虑之后,我决定采
纳她的建议。
2.过继,收养[(+as)]
Mr. Kern adopted the orphan
as his own son. 克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。
3.正式通过,接受
The agenda was adopted after some
discussion.经过讨论,议事日程获得通过。
adopted adj.
被收养的，被采用的 adopted child
s 用作动词时，不能用于进行时。有多种不同的含义：
1）“有，拥有”。如：
The library possesses a number
of the artist’s early works.
图书馆里藏有那位画家的一些早期
作品。
2）“具有……的特质”。常见搭配有 be
possessed of sth，意为“具有某种品质或特征”。
如：
I’m
afraid he doesn’t possess a sense of humor.
恐怕他没有什么幽默感。
He is possessed of great natural
ability. 他很有天赋。
3）“支配，控制”。如：
He was
possessed by the desire to be rich.
possession
○
1
财产，所有物（常用复数）
The
ring is one of her most valuable possessions.
这只戒指是他最珍贵的财产之一。
personal possessions个人财产
He lost all his possessions in the fire.
○
2
占有，拥有
take possession of 占领，夺取
come into possession of 被占有
in possession
of (表主动）占有
in the possession of （表被动）
…被占有
He is in ~ of the house. 他拥有这套房子。
=The house is in the ~ of him. 这套房子在他的占有之下。
-- Does the young man standing there
_____the company?
-- No. The company is _____
his father.
~ of; in ~ of
~ of in the
~ of
~ of in the ~ of
~ of in ~ of
答案：B
ce
convince sb. to do sth=convince sb of
sth.说服某人做…
Convince sb that使某人确信某事
He
convinced me of his sincerity. 他使我确信他的真诚。
I
was convinced to believe it.
Your mistakes
convinced me that you hadn’t studied your lesson.
你的错误使我确信你没有学习
功课。
convince vt.
“使确信；使信服”
convince sb. of sth. that ...
区分：
by coincidence 碰巧, 由于巧合
what a
coincidence （to do）！多么凑巧的事情啊！
What a
coincidence to meet you here. 真巧在这儿碰到你。
I met
him by coincidence. I didn’t know he was here.
14.a great good deal 大量;
大量
China has changed a great deal. (修饰v.)
He ran a great deal faster than me.(修饰比较级)
a greatgood deal of+不可数
A great deal of
money was spent on the project.
那个项目花费了大量金钱。（修饰
1）修饰可数名词：
many a few
a goodgreat many
A great many buildings
have been built along the street.
a large big
great small number of
Many a +单数名词
More
than one +单数名词
2）修饰不可数名词：
much
a
goodgreat deal of
a large amount of (谓语动词用单数)
large amounts of (谓语动词用复数)
3）修饰可数和不可数名词
a lot oflots of
plenty
of
a large quantity of (谓语动词用单数)
large
quantities of (谓语动词用复数)
练习：
1.____
the students in our school go to college in their
teens.
A good many B. A great many of
C. A great deal of D. A lot of
2. He is
____ better now. Don’t worry about him.
B. a great deal of
C. a number of D.a
great deal
[U]）
答案：D D
1)n.影子
The willow’s shadow falls
on the lake.垂柳的影子倒映在湖面上。
The shadow of this
early tragedy has affected her whole
life.她年纪轻轻遭此劫，影响了她一生。
sit in the shade of a
tree.树荫
2)v.尾随， 跟踪
He kept looking behind,
afraid of being shadowed.他不停的回头看，害怕被跟踪。
lous
1)adj.荒谬的，可笑的
It is ridiculous
that she should accept a stranger’s invitation.
他竟然接受了一个陌生人的邀请真是荒唐。
ridicule.v.n.嘲笑，奚落与“laugh at” 和”make fun
of”意思相近。
He became an object of
They all
ridicule my suggestion.
versial
Adj.有争议的，引起争论的
He became a controversial
figure in the world of politics.
他成为世界政坛上的一位有争议的人物。
n. controversy [
'kɔntrə,və:si ]争论；论战；辩论
The use of nuclear
power is the subject of widespread controversy.
使用核武力是一个会引起广泛争议的问题。
of 很多
I
have heard that scores of times.
Scores of
people attended the special performance.
score
=20
A score of people were present at the
party. 有20个人参加了聚会
Two score of those people
wanted to fly there. 那些人中有40人想乘飞机
t v.尝试，企图
v.①企图，试图；努力
②试图，尝试：努力去执行，做或完成
attempt doing反复尝试做
attempt to do企图做
attempt to dodoing = try
to dodoing尝试做
The second question was so
difficult; I didn’t even attempt it.
第二道题太难了，我连试都没试。
I attempted to speak but was
told to be quiet. 我想开口说几句，但有人叫我别做声。
I
attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting.
We attempted the difficult maneuver without
assistance.
1
袭击；攻击 n.
○
an
attempt on someone's life.对某人生命的攻击
○
2
企图或努力
make an attempt to do sth
at doing sth
She made an
attempt to cook the dinner. 她试着做这顿饭。
The
prisoner made an attempt to escape at escaping but
failed.
at one’s attempt 在sb尝试下
one’s first attempt 初次尝试
例：Shelly had
prepared carefully for her biology examination so
that she could be sure of passing
it on her
first_________ .
A) intention B) attempt
C) purpose D) desire
练习：
1)
他试图行走直到摔倒。
He______________________________
2) 他参加过考试，可是失败了。
He________________________ but failed.
3)
我企图说话，可是有人要我安静点。
I ________________ but was
told to be quiet.
attempted walking
until he fell over.
attempted the examination
attempted to speak
the other hand
另一方面，相当于一个副词。常与on one hand连用。
On one
hand……on the other hand一方面……另一方面
This job is
not well paid, but on the other hand, I don’t have
to work long hours.（插入语）
On one hand, I need a
computer, but on the other hand, I don’t have
enough money.
At hand在手边，在附近
By hand用手的，手工的
Go hand in hand
with与……共同行动
t
1)v.预言，预测
后面加名词做宾语或接that从句wh-从句。
Nobody can predict what
will happen in the future.
It is still not
possible to accurately predict the occurrence of
earthquakes.
现在还不可能准确预测地震的发生。
2) n.
Prediction 预言，预测
Her prediction turned out to
be correct.她的预言证明是正确的。
ic adj.
明确的，详尽的，具体的，特有的
Can you be a bit more specific
when you talk about your plan?
当你谈及你的计划时，你能说的再具体点吗？
Each organ in our
body has its specific function.
我们体内的每个器官都有自己独特的作用。
This kind of disease
is specific to houses.这种病只有马才会得。
n.
3)人物;名人He has become a figure known to
everyone
4) 数字Where did you get those figures?
5)数量;金额;价格 His work now commands huge figures.
.1) 外形;体形;人影I saw a figure in the darkness.
2) 体态;风姿She has a slender
细长的；苗条的
figure.
区分：finger手指
te adj.
He is a delicate
child.纤弱的,娇弱的，瘦弱的
Be careful with those wine
cups—they are very delicate.易碎的
In such a
delicate situation I have to weigh my words.
需要小心处理的;微妙的;棘手的
在这样微妙的情形下,我必须权衡一下我的话。
What
a delicate work of art!精妙的
delicate
china.精美的瓷器
25.1)aggressive adj.
敢作敢为的;有闯劲的an aggressive salesman一干劲很大的售货员
;侵略性的;好斗的aggressive weapons boy 攻击性武器
He
is very aggressive. 他生性好斗。
We regarded the
Iraq War as an aggressive one. 我们认为伊拉克战争是侵略战争。
2)aggressively adv. 气势汹汹地
3)aggression n.侵略（行动）
aggressor n. 侵略者
练习：
If you want to become a successful
businessman, you must ______ _______ .
如果你想做一个成功的商人，你必须积极进取。
_____ __________
must be destroyed. 必须要销毁攻击性的武器。
be aggressive
Aggressive arms
the flesh活生生，本人，亲自
Flesh n.肌肉； 肉
Have you ever seen Jay Chou in the
flesh?你见过周杰伦本人吗？
He wouldn’t believe until he
saw in the flesh他直到亲眼目睹才相信。
Flesh and
blood肉体，血肉之躯
Though he is a hero, he is still
flesh and blood.
Lose flesh减肥
Gainput on
flesh增肥
Flesh-eating食肉的
区分：fresh ： n.
开始；新生；泛滥
adj.
新鲜的；清新的；淡水的；无经验的
adv.
刚刚，才；最新地
ence n. - prefer v.
1)更加的喜爱,偏爱[U][C][(+for)]
A window seat is
my preference.我喜欢靠窗的座位。
We dress simply by
preference.首先, 最好
2)偏爱的事物(或人)[C]
Which is your preference, tea or
coffee?你喜欢喝哪一样,茶还是咖啡?
3)偏袒[U][(+for)]
Parents should not show preference for any one
of their children.
父母不应流露出对任何一个孩子的偏心。
4）Have a preference for偏爱
I have a
preference for classic music.我更喜欢古典音乐。
We had
a preference for sweet food.我们特别喜欢吃甜食.
5）优先(权);优惠权[U][C]
in preference to 优先于
I’d choose the small car in preference to the
larger one. 我宁可选择那辆小的汽车而不要那辆
大的。
She chose
to learn the violin in preference to the piano.
她愿学小提琴而不学钢琴.
vi. 1)呼吁,恳求 appeal to
sb for sth.
He appealed to me for help.
2)诉诸,求助[(+to)]
We will appeal to a variety
of sources of information.
3)有吸引力,迎合爱好[W][(+to)]
The idea appealed to
Mary.
4)【律】上诉[(+toagainst)]
He appealed
againstto the five-year sentence he had been
given.
e adj.精细的；易碎的；脆弱的；
As
he broke up with his girlfriend, his heart was
fragile.
由于他同女朋友分手了，他的心很脆弱。
tion n.
have a reputation 享有盛名[(+for)]
○
1
名誉,名声
The store has an excellent
reputation for fair dealing. 该店买卖公平,声誉极佳。
He
has a reputation for cheating in the
exam.他以考试作弊而享有盛名。
○
2
好名声,声望;信誉
This
restaurant has a fine reputation. 这家餐厅信誉很好。
lose one’s reputation 失去盛名；
Cheating
at the game ruined that player‘s reputation.
比赛时作弊败坏了那位选手的声望。
live up to one’s reputation
不负盛名
win a high reputation 赢得很高的声誉
·You must live up to your promise. 你必须实践自己的诺言。
They are always exhorted to deliver results
and to live up to their parents' high expectations
他们无时无刻被提醒要考取好成绩，实现父母对他们的高度期望。
than＋名词意为“不仅仅”，more than just相当于not only, not
just的意思。如：
Jason is more than a lecturer; he
is a writer, too. 詹森不仅是一名讲师，他还是一个作家。
The
museum displays more than just the visual delights
of art.
博物馆展示的不仅仅是视觉上的乐趣。
1) more
than+数词，意为“超过”相当于over，其反义词组为less than。如
There
are more than two hundred people in the park.
公园里有200多人。
2)“more
than＋形容词副词”是“很”或“非常”的意思。如：
I am more than
content with what you said. 我对你的讲话十分满意。
She
was dressed more than simply. 她穿着太朴素了。
3)
在“more ... than
...”结构中，肯定“more”后面的内容而否定“than”后面的部分，常
译为“是……
而不是……” 或 “与其说……不如说……” 。如：
Hearing the loud
noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened.
听到这巨大的声响，男孩与其说是害怕不如说是感到很惊讶。
形容词
adj.
1）视力的;视觉的
Near-sightedness is a
visual defect. 近视是一个视力缺陷。
2）看得见的,可被看见的;视觉的
Primary school teachers use a lot of visual
aids. 小学教师使用大量的视觉教具。
3）光学的
Telescopes and
microscopes are visual instruments. 望远镜和显微镜是光学仪器。
nt芬香的;馥郁的 （同p11.29）
Love is a
fragrant flower; and friendship is a sweet fruit.
爱情是一朵芳香的鲜花，友情是一颗甜美的果实。
porary
1)adj.
○
1
当代的
His lecture is
about contemporary American novelists.
他的演讲是关于当代美国小说家的。
He has furniture of
contemporary style.他有现代款式的家具.
○
2
同时代的;同年龄的
be contemporary with 与
… 同时代
Was Jonson contemporary with
Shakespeare? 琼森是否与莎士比亚同辈?
2)n. [复数]
○
1
同时代的人;同年龄的人
He was looked down
upon by his contemporaries. 他被他的同时代的人瞧不起。
○
2
同时期的东西
○
3
当代人,现代人
ent adj.
1)永久的,永恒的
Nature is permanent.
自然是永恒的。
2)固定性的;常在的
This is my permanent
address. 这是我的固定地址。
ure n. 署名 签字
The teacher put her signature to a
letter.老师在信件上签字。
;永远的
Sign n.
符号，标记
Signal n.信号