会宁二中-简爱读书笔记

学习资料
电大英语报刊选读课程导学

一、 课程总的概况
课程领域概括


这是英语教学中的一门不能或缺的课程。通过学习本课程 ，使学生掌握常见报刊词汇，报
刊文章标题的翻译，学会看懂较简单的英语报刊文章。通过阅读英语报刊 了解国际时事，了解各
国的政治，历史、文化、教育、人民和国家概况等与英语学习有关的背景知识。以 利学生进一步
巩固和提高英语学习，培养学生英语阅读的能力。

目标引导
本课程的教学目的是通过学生自主学习及教师的导学和助学（包括面授辅导），使学生掌
握常见报刊词汇，报刊文章标题的翻译，学会看懂较简单的英语报刊文章。通过阅读英语报刊了
解国际 时事，了解各国的政治，历史、文化、教育、人民和国家概况等与英语学习有关的背景知
识。进一步巩固 和提高学生英语阅读理解和简单翻译的能力。

二、 使用学习资源
1． 根据主教材学习

1．本课程采用的文字主教材为《美英报刊文章阅读》（精选本第二版） ，及上海电视大
学外语系编辑的报刊活页。本课程教学安排为一学期。课内学时为72，共4学分，（每
周4学时）。《美英报刊文章阅读》共30课，选其中10为必学内容，其余内容供学生
自学， 10课必学内容为Lessons1,3,4,8,10,13,14,19,24,26。以上10课用10周 学完。每
周一课。

2．本教材课文并非按语言难易循序渐进，而是按内容编写，学 生自学时有一定难度。
学生学习时重点是根据教师的导学，掌握一定的英语报刊常见词汇，基本会看懂报 刊
文章的大意；通过翻译报刊标题了解报刊大致内容；通过阅读英语报刊文章了解国际
时事、各 国的历史、文化、风俗、习惯，掌握相关的信息。因此阅读和理解是重点。
教师助学时应着重帮助学生掌 握重点，分析讲解难点，而语法分析、语言点的掌握不
作要求。建议学生在课后以练习为线索，多看看英 语报刊文章。考前复习也是以练习，
常见词汇和推荐的英语报刊文章为主。

3． 本课程实际是泛读快速阅读训练的混合型课程。泛读是一门进行大量阅读实践的
课程，应该突出 泛的特 点。本课程培养的是阅读能力，注重的是面的理解，整体的
理解，而不停留于那些对理解无关紧要的细节 上。
4． 学生应按教学计划完成各阶段的阅读任务。在独立进行阅读时，学生应努力根据
上 、下文及背景知识解决所遇到的问题或难点，尽可能少查词典，如需要查词典时，
也应尽可能使用英英词 典。
5． 阅读速度训练应按循序渐进的原则安排阅读难度与阅读量，逐步进行强化式训练。
训练时应注重介绍一些常见的技巧，如浏览、略读、复读等。在平时教学过程中，也
会向学生 推荐一些英文报刊上难度适当的文章，供学生阅读。

仅供学习与参考

学习资料
2． 根据辅教材学习

报刊活页共10课，用5周学完。余下3周用于期中考试及期末总复习。
3. 其它媒体教材

多读英文报纸，如CHINA DAILY， SHANGHAI STAR等
4. 进行网上学习

进入上海电大在线网址: http:
进入网上课堂
进入上海大同工作站 网址: http:
进入网上课堂
三、 预习、听课、复习
英语报刊选读词汇
Lesson One


缆车

赚（钱）

最大（或最好的）一份

唯利是图

cable car
rake in
the lion’s share
crass commercialism
ethnic flavor 民族风格；民族特色

carrying capacity 容纳量

the ancient Buddhist grottoes 古代佛教徒的洞室

silk road
Mogao caves
UNESCO
cultural wonders
cash cow
tourist boom
Lesson Three
丝绸之路

莫高窟

联合国教科文组织

文化奇迹（奇观）

摇钱树

旅游迅猛发展


仅供学习与参考

学习资料
Clique 派系

start-up
talk-show
wireless-applications company
Internet dating
fly high
multinational
management expertise
consulting firm
debt specialist
Lesson Four

animatedly
virtual classroom
log in
information-based economy
face-to-face instruction
bricks-and-mortar institution
distance-ed provider
coursework via teleconferencing
Lesson Eight

Alleged
Blunder
Espionage
Warhead
仅供学习与参考
起步；创业

脱口秀

移动通讯公司

网上约会交友

野心勃勃

跨国公司

管理专业知识

咨询公司

债券交易专家

活跃地

虚拟教室

(在网络上）连接

基于信息的经济

面授课

(砖墙上爬满常青藤的学校）传统的学校
提供远程教育的学院

通过双向电视进行教学的课件

提出而尚未证实的

愚蠢的错误；谬误

间谍行为

弹头

学习资料
the US District Court
Attorney General
FBI director
plea offer
Justice Department
solitary confinement
throw the book at sb.
lie detector
decision-maker
the Judiciary Committee
Lesson Ten

Complacency
Confiscate
juvenile offender
notorious
recession
robust
brutality
apathy
drug traffic
tough circumstances
database
NCNB
the National Football League
仅供学习与参考
联邦地方或地区法院

（美）司法部长；（英）总检察长

联邦调查局局长

有条件认罪建议

司法部

单独拘禁

尽量用重罪处罚某人

测谎仪

决策者

（美国国会参议院常设）司法委员会
沾沾自喜；自满情绪

没收；充公

少年犯

臭名昭著的

经济衰退

体格健壮的

野蛮暴力行为

麻木不仁

毒品买卖

不幸的境遇；恶劣的环境

资料库；数据库

北卡罗来纳国家银行

全国橄榄球协会

学习资料
hot city
hit home
bond issue
flashier program
grass-roots leader
cash register
drug ring
narcotics squad
narcotics
drug kingpin
criminal-justice
defining moment
head Start
Lesson Thirteen

client
counsel to the President
maneuver
offstage
petition
roster
sinister
Lobbyists
shady operator
regulatory agency
仅供学习与参考
很好的；成功的；经济增长迅速的

使人明白；示范

债券发行

华而不实的项目

基层领导人

现金出纳机

贩毒团伙

缉毒队

毒品

大毒贩；毒枭

刑事审判

开先河之事

抢步教育计划

顾客；客户

总统顾问

花招；策略

幕后的（地）；不公开的（地）

请愿

花名册；登记表

恶意的；阴险的

院外活动分子

幕后院外活动分子

管制机构

学习资料
retainer
shady reputation
a buy’s market
would-be
veto
a two-way street
Capitol
House Speaker
Majority (Minority) Leader
Majority (Minority) Whip
Watergate
Lesson Fourteen

donate
indebt
outlaw
modest means
the lower chamber
public office
office holder
Supreme Court
PAC (Political Action Committee)
the first-term lawmaker
ex- congressman
Lesson Nineteen

仅供学习与参考
定金

不诚实的坏名声；声名狼藉的

买方市场

未来的

否决

双行道；互利互惠

国会山

众议院议长

多数（少数）党领袖

多数（少数）党督导

水门事件

捐赠

欠债；欠钱

宣布……为非法

中等收入

下院

公职

公务员；官吏

最高法院

政治行动委员会

首次当选的众议员

前国会议员

学习资料
shareholder value
IPO
on a short-term basis
provision
state- of-the-art
make presentation
a draft agreement
joint venture
take a “can-do” attitude
business culture
academic title
Lesson Twenty-four

entrepreneur
legislator
lift-off
marketeer
sustainable
Silicon Valley
classified ad
spicy film gossip
ongoing economic revival
dotcom age
top degree
Asiaweek rankings
仅供学习与参考
股东利益

首次公开发行的股票

短近期内

规定；条款

最先进的；一流的；顶尖的

发言；讲话

草签的协议

合资

愿意尽各种努力并期待它能起作用

商务文化

职称

企业家

立法者

发射

市场主义者

可持续性的

硅谷

分类广告

关于电影演员等的骇人听闻的消息或评论
镇在进行中的经济复苏

互联网时代

博士学位

《亚洲周刊》排行榜

学习资料
Production line
new breed
manufacturing productivity
think-tank
New-generation free marketeer
cross swords
old-guard
face-off
UN Development Fund
launch pad
Lesson Twenty- six

stolen generation
foster home
a ward of the state
the Jigsaw puzzle
the Aboriginal heritage
the Order of Australia
venture capital
security capital
the professions
the Aboriginal Dreamtime
racial discrimination
cultural genocide
the disadvantaged group
仅供学习与参考
生产线

新一代

制造业生产力

思想库

新一代的自由市场经济主义者

争吵

保守派

对峙；争端

联合国发展基金组织

发射台

被偷偷劫走的一代

寄养家庭

国家受监护人的身份

七巧板；拼图游戏

土著人的遗产

澳大利亚勋章

风险投资资金

安全投资资本

各同业或同行

（澳大利亚土著神话中的）黄金时代
种族歧视

种族文化的消灭

弱势群体

学习资料

四、 完成作业
记分作业：以书后的练习为主，包括补充活页讲义中的练习。学生应交四次作业。两次
是课本上的，两次是补充讲义中的相关练习（练习在网上）。

五、 碰到困难
电话答疑 电话：63086474
E-mail 答疑 电子邮件地址：hilda_li@
BBS网上答疑 进入大同工作站BBS讨论专区
学习小组讨论
面对面答疑
六、 复习考试
 期中考试在第十到第十一周进行。
 期末考试包括课本内和课本外两部分。
 该门课的总分的构成包括期末考试和平时成绩两部分。期末考试占80%,平时成 绩为
20%。形成性考核的具体方法是：20分 = 记分作业（8分）+ 期中测验（6分） + 课
堂表现（6分）。

4. 本学期考试形式为笔试形式。 学生将答案做在指定的答题纸上。考试题型如下：
I． 报刊常见词汇，词语或缩略语英译汉。（30%。30个，每个1%）
II． 英文报刊标题英译汉。（20%。10个，每个2%）
III．阅读理解（5０％）
（１） 课文中的文章阅读并回答问题 （３０％）
（２） 补充阅读文选《英文报刊文章选读》中选的阅读理解题或从最新的英文报
刊中选的材料的阅读与理解 （２０％）
以上三个大题中，第Ｉ大题及第III大题中的（１），（２）主要考查学生对所学的课本知识掌握情况；第II大题是考查学生的阅读能力和技巧及所学的知识的运用能
力，以避免死记 硬背。

七、 自主学习方法提示
1. 学生学习本课程的基本要求
阅读范围：题材广泛，体裁多样化。题材包括各类知名美，英报刊上的各种文章，涉及 到
时事、政治经济、文化、科技、历史地理、等方面。阅读难度由易到难。
仅供学习与参考

学习资料
阅读速度：根据学生对文章题材背景的预先熟悉程度而有所不同， 但是一般来说，阅读速
度从每分钟约50-60个词提高到70-80个词左右。
理解能力 ：学会运用归纳总结、推理演绎的方法，抓主要词语、主要段落和中心句的本领，
准确掌握读物的中心思 想、情节梗概。并不强求学生理解所有的细节。
2.为了保证课堂教学时间的最大限度的使用，课本中 其它内容在课堂上不作详细讲解，主
要由学生在课余时间自学。以看懂报刊文章大意，能够回答相关的问 答题为主。
 教师在教学过程中以“导学”和“助学”为主。教会学生如何去看懂报刊文章的 标题和文
章大意。鼓励学生充分地阅读各类英，美报刊文章，文章题材也尽可能广泛。所以网上取
材似乎是一个切实可行的方法。同时，上海电大在网上会适时地放上一些最近的时事性文
章供同学们阅 读。以加强学生的阅读能力。
本课程涉及的学生较多，各个不同班级的学生入学时的英语基 础，学习动机，年龄，所学
专业等差异巨大，所以老师应根据所教学生的具体情况，因地制宜地调节好自 己的教学操
作。既要保证上课有充分的内容，又要留给学生充分的自学机会，督促学生在教师的概括性指导下尽力发挥自我潜能完成该门课程的学习。老师在讲课时以讲解难点为主，同时教
会学生阅读 英美报刊文章的一些必要的阅读技巧和方法，教会他们如何看懂报刊标题。

八、 本课程重点难点提示

英语报刊选读书本上（十课课文后的练习答案）
1.
What activities are harming ancient Buddhist grottoes?
Too many tourists and their breathing are harming them.
2. Who turned the caves into the painted shrines?
It was the travelers along the old silk road.
3. Are murals in good shape.
No, they are not in good shape. Many of them are already sagging or peeling from
walls, and their delicate beauty is fading away. Others have deteriorated beyond
repair efforts.
4. Why is it difficult for the authorities to prevent them from being destroyed?
Money is at the root of the problem. China is a poor nation. Local governments have
little money left over for cultural conservation.
5. Does the Chinese government value the preservation of those historical and cultural
sites?
Yes, it does. For instance, it has given award to the Getty Conservation Institute for its
contributions to the preservation of them at Dunhuang.
6. Why did Mr. Neville Agnew say “ tourism and conservation are good partners”?
If you can make a good connection, they are. In other words, if you can allocate part of
the money earned from tourism to conservation, and don’t turn to tourism as a cash
cow, they will be good partners.
仅供学习与参考

学习资料

Lesson Three
1. Why did some of the HBS grads choose to come back to China although they had
received lucrative offers from America’s top companies?
Not only has China changed dramatically since most of them left but also the nation
can offer more personal freedoms and economic opportunities now than ever before.
2. What profession do they usually like to go in for?
Most of them choose e-commerce
3. Why did most of them choose to take in IT industry?
Because IT is the leading industry now.
4. Why did some of them decide to stay in the US while some chose to come back?
They wanted to gain experience in the States before they came back.
5. What do you think is the biggest obstacle preventing the elite from coming back
home?
It is the complicated relationships and uncertainty of our human resource
management system.
6. What does the title of this article “Home At Last” mean ?
It means some of the HBS elite have made their final decision to return to China to
serve their country.

Lesson Four
1. Why are virtual institutions thought of as best graduate schools?
Because they are the best graduate schools for those who have their career and
family. When they pursue advanced degrees, they don’t have to step onto a university
campus.
2. Why is the huge upsurge of interest in remote learning?
It is very convenient for anyone to learn at anytime of anyplace.. Therefore it is the
best way for working adults to keep on learning.
3. Will the distance education substitute the traditional education? Explain.
No, it won’t. These two modes of instruction are equivalent and complementary as far
as student learning is concerned.
4. What’s the advantage of remote learning?
A large number of people who have difficulty in suspending their career and family
can pursue advanced degrees without stepping onto a university campus or moving
and commuting to get their degrees.
5. What’s the opposite idea about remote learning?
Someone argues there’s a large gap betewwn distance education and traditional
education, and education requires a relationship between people because it is a
process of identity formation, validation, encouragement, emulation and inspiration.
This only happens face to face. In other words, they value face-to-face instruction and
relationship.
6. What are the factors you should consider before you choose a distant education
school?
They are the accreditation, program history, cost, academic field, residency, and
仅供学习与参考

学习资料
technology.

Lesson Eight
1. Who are the top decision-makers in the case?
They are attorney general Janet Reno, FBI Director Louis Freeh, and Energy
Secretary Bill Richardson.
2. What are the factors which have caused government officials to accuse Mr. Lee of
spying? Politics caused them to do so. Some politicians such as Mr. Cox don’t want to
see Sino-American relations improved, and have shown much discrimination
against Chinese in American security organizations, so they turned up the heat on the
authorities.
3. Why was Mr. Lee placed in solitary confinement? Was it appropriate for the authorities
to do so?
a. the authorities wanted to compel him to make a full confession
b. it was not proper to do so because he made only minor security violations.
4. Did the justice and Energy officials in question agree with what Judge Parker said?
No, they didn’t agree.
5. Do you think Justice Department official have thrown the book at Dr. Lee?
Yes, they have used his minor security violation as accusation against Lee.
6. Who is to blame in the case?
Christopher Cox is the first to blame because he and his committee have created the
atmosphere of Chinese espionage, and put pressure on the officials on the case. The
top decision-makers in the case and the mass media especially The New York Times,
are the second to blame.


Lesson Ten
1. What does the title of this article “Big Crimes, Small Cities” mean?
It means that big crimes which were usually associated with big cities are now
committed in smaller cities.
2. Why do the people show apathy towards people being attacked by criminals?
They are afraid of being killed by the assailants. From the concept of the world
outlook, they are very selfish.
3. Why are teenagers more apt to use deadly force over small matters?
They lack necessary family and school education on the one hand, and on the other,
their needs are not met.
4. What does it mean that Charlotte risked becoming a “fortress city?”
The city frightened with frequent violence is gong to protect itself with all necessary
defensive measures as if the enemy were coming to attack it. In other words, when
the crime rates are going up people in the city are at a loss, and overreact to that.
5. Does, the crime wave have something to do with drug, guns, and the economic
recession? State the reason.
Yes, it does. When U.S is undergoing economic recession, the poor lead a poorer life,
they feel disappointed, and try to do away with their worries by taking drugs. The
仅供学习与参考

学习资料
more disappointed they feel. And consequently, there are more violent crimes.

Lesson Thirteen
1. Who are lobbyists usually hired by? What for?
a. They are usually hired by corporations, labor unions, individuals and other special
interests.
b. They try to work on the actions of the Administration and lawmaking bodies.
2. What is the relationship between lobbyists and legislators?
They are closely associated with each other for their separate advantages.
3. Why do some of the former senior officials choose lobbying as their profession?
Because they can make use of their good connections in government and Congress
on the one hand, and on the other, they can make big money by lobbying for special
interest groups and individuals.
4. How do lobbyists earn their pay? How effective are they?
a. Their clients pay them for their services.
b. Most of them are very effective in persuading lawmakers to act in their way.

Lesson Fourteen
1. Why has the House of Representatives been changing into a rich man’s club or a
House of Lords?
Because the House of Representatives is largely composed of wealthy men, and they
get elected not on their merit, but on their money.
2. In what way did the Court decision favor the wealthy candidates?
The Court decision outlawed limits on the amount that a candidate could give to his
own campaign. At the same time it upheld limits on amounts contributed by outsiders.
3. Are women far behind men in getting Congressional offices? Please give an example
for your answer.
Yes. Take the Congressional election in 1984 for example, only two women got
elected.
4. What role do political action committees play in a campaign for public office?
They play a very important role to help officeholders to get re-elected with campaign
contributions
5. According to the authors of the study, on what basis should the political race for public
office be placed? Do you think it possible for Congress to change the campaign
system in the context of the present American political system?
a. Some form of public financing should be taken. Competition for public office
should be based more on merit than money.
b. I don’t think it possible for Congress to change the current campaign system.

Lesson Nineteen
1. In Sergey Frank’s view., what is business communication like in the US?
Business talks in the US are pleasant and easy-going, but at the same time they are
ruthlessly focused.
2. How do you understand Sergey Frank’s saying that “ communication is a natural talent
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of Americans ”?
American negotiating partners tend do begin negotiation with small talk and smiling,
which makes it casual and full of sense of humor. As for giving a talk in the US, the
speaker often appears in a relaxed manner with the application of plenty of jokes to
attract or capture the audience’s attention.
3. What has more influence on business communication in US than anywhere else?
The attitude “time is money” has more influence on business talks in US than it does
anywhere else.
4. Make a brief account of a typical business communication or negotiation in US. (Or:
what is the US negotiation style? Cite examples to prove. Or: summarize the major
characteristics of business communication in US and support each with an example)
a. Tend to begin with neutral warm-up. E.g. small talk, smiling.
b. Tend to do business in a very pragmatic way. E.G. usually come to the point
quicklyimmediately after the warm-up
c. Informality is the rule. E.g. sandwiches and drinks in plastic or boxes are served
during conferences; communicating on the first-name basis; adopting the most
comfortable seating position
5. Why have so many joint ventures and alliances between US and Asian companies
failed to meet expectations?
Mainly such failures are due to differences in negotiating styles between US and
Asian companies. For instance, the Asian negotiating approach tends to be long-term
in nature, whereas the US negotiators tend to want the result(s) fast, i. e. they want to
secure profitability on a short- term basis and achieve a quick return on investment.
6. What suggestion will you give to people doing business in the US? (Or: what have you
benefited from this text?)
The answer to this question should be open (for example, do business in a pragmatic
manner; smile while talking; try to be informal; communicate on the first name basis).

Lesson Twenty-four
1. Which specific points are highlighted by the author of this text when describing the
new India? These are the points highlighted by the writer:
• India’s high and probably sustainable growth rate (higher than China’s)
• India’s great achievements in software development
• India’s great achievements in creative arts (which is not discussed in this text)
• India’s unique core institutions---- long established and independent of politics
• India’s firm adherence to democracy
2. What has kicked India’s pace up a gear? And what has made it possible?
a. It is India’s ongoing economic revival that has kicked its pace up a gear
b. India has many advantages over China, as are compared and contrasted by the
author. First, more Indians know English than the Chinese, which facilitates,
particularly in this dotcom age, India’s exchange and communication with the
West. Secondly, the strong will of the Indians of all levels to forge ahead with their
political and economic reforms really counts. Thirdly, perhaps, India’s growth is
more productivity-led than investment-led.
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3. What do you learn about today’s new breed of Indians from this text?
Today’s new breed of Indians are embracing a liberating, anything-is-possible
atmosphere. For example they have a belief in “ just needing to be good” in order to
make it rather than” a legacy of wealth or connections”. Another example may be that
they tend to be very pragmatic when choosing the schools to have higher education,
and the kings of jobs after their graduation, and even the places for their personal
development.
4 What problems or obstacles are still remaining that may hinder India’s further
development? There are three:
a. Argument concerning the pace of economic reform between different political
sides;
b. Widespread, abject poverty, especially in the rural areas;
c. Political liberalization may bring widespread unemployment and social upheaval.
5. What is the author’s general attitude towards India’s economic progress or
development is obviously positive, although he did mention some existing problems
and obstacles for its further development.

Lesson Twenty-six
1. How was John Moriarty “ stolen” form his parents?
It happened like a kidnapping. His mother went to pick him up from school and he
wasn’t there. He and other kids had been loaded on the backs of an army lorries, and
then transported south trough Alice Spring.
2. What was the reason that many Aborigine children were taken from their parents?
It was under state and federal laws based on the premise that Aborigines were a
doomed race and that saving the children by putting them into foster homes and
providing them with Western education was the humane alternative.
3. Why did the then Australian authorities adopt such a policy?
Because it tried to practise cultural genocide.
4. What is John Howard’s stand on the past?
He refused to make an official apology for the wrongs against Aborigines.
5. Why did some of the stolen Aborigines become alcoholic or die premature death?
Because they suffered from identity crisis, and couldn’t find the inner serenity that
would enable them to feel proud of their Aboriginal heritage.
6. What do you think of Mr. Moriarty and the Aborigines’ future ?
Mr. Moriarty is a success story. When the Aborigines look forward, they will have a
promising future.

1． Do researchers agree with each other on college sel
ectivity and future income of the graduates? Cite examp
les to
answer the question．
No. According to Alan Krueger and Stacy Berg Dale
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College selectivity does not affect future earnings of
the
students very much,
especially students with affluent backgrounds
but Caroline Hoxbs research shows that
the choice of different colleges makes a great differen
ce to the students’ future income．

2． Are a11 state-run universities less competitive than
private universities? Please give examples．
NO. Some state-run universities are more competitive
than some private universities such as the Univers
ity Of Michigan, Ohio, Miami
University and the University of North Carolina．

3．If a candidate is admitted to Harvard University，
but decides to a state university，
will his future earnings be affected?
According to the research of Krueger and Dale,
a candidatefuture earnings will be not affected．His
good qualities will
be carried to the workplace and he will be duly paid.

4．For students from poor backgrounds，
does it affect their future earning to choose an elite
university? Why?
Yes．That’s because at an elite university he will hav
e better access to the network with affluent students
and alumni，
and this will in—f1uence their future job hunting.

do most top companies go to recruit their empl
oyees? Why?
The top universities
because that is where the majority of talented students
graduate．

6．What has influenced the old pattern of employee recr
uiting for companies?
The internet．
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7．What is the attitude of the author of the study to
ward the issue of college selectivity?

He keeps an fairly objective point of view．In regard
to the correlation between college selectivity and futur
e
income，he makes three points：
1)An elite education gives students
especially less affluent ones
who have better access to certain kinds of elite jobs；
2) There is no economic advantage to choosing an exp
ensive mediocre private school over a top public one
3) Talented students rise to the top everywhere


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