综合英语第三册unit-1课后答案
直面苦难-个人小结
Section Four Consolidation Activities
Ⅰ. Vocabulary
1. Word Derivation
1)
assurance n.→ assure v. → assuring a.
①她向我们保证一切都会好起来的。
She assured us that
everything would turn out all right.
or She
gave us her assurance that everything would turn
out all right.
②他的安慰话帮我排除了恐惧。
His assuring
words helped to banish my fear.
2)
discreet a. → discreetly ad. → discretion
discreetness n.
①提出忠告要谨慎，接受忠告要虚心。
You need
to be discreet in giving advice, humble in
accepting it.
②那人小心翼翼地把名片放进上衣口袋。
The man
discreetly slipped the card into his top pocket.
③他以最谨慎的态度处理此事。
He handled the matter with
his best discretion.
3) relax v.
→relaxing a. → relaxation n.
①你可以通过按摩来放松肌肉。
You can relax your muscles by massage.
②业余爱好应该是可以使人放松的。
Hobbies are supposed to
be relaxing.
③瑜伽是一种可以使身心放松的运动。
Yoga is an
exercise that can provide mental and physical
relaxation.
4) humiliation n. → humiliate
v. → humiliating a.
①士可杀不可辱。
A scholar
prefers death to humiliation.
②他在老板面前批评他的同事，因而让同事蒙羞。
He humiliated his
colleague by criticising him in front of the boss.
③历史上中国曾被迫签署了太多屈节辱国的条约。
In history, China
has been forced to sign too many humiliating
treaties.
5) strategically ad. →
strategic a. → strategy n.
①在战略上，我们应该藐视一切敌人。
Strategically we should despise all our
enemies.
②西部大开发战略吸引了全世界的注意。
The large-
scale development strategy for the western region
drew worldwide attention.
③一般而言，首先参战的那方具有战略优势。
Generally, the first to the field of battle
has the strategic advantage.
6) embarrass v. → embarrassing a. →
embarrassment n.
①他淘气地寻找机会让他姐姐难堪。
He
mischievously looked for a chance to embarrass his
sister.
②每个人都会遇到不知该给服务生多少小费的窘境。
Everyone
has faced the embarrassing dilemma of deciding how
much extra to give a waiter.
③他避免了在众人面前吻她的尴尬。
He spared the embarrassment of kissing her in
front of everybody.
7) maneuver v.n. →
maneuverable a.
①他设法跻身董事会。
He maneuvered
himself into the board of directors.
②在军事演习中，蓝军企图摸营，被红军挫败。
In the military
maneuver, the blue army attempted to attack the
red army‟s sentinels in the dark,
but was
defeated.
③这艘船的大小适中，可操作性很强。
The ship is of
an appropriate size and is highly maneuverable.
8) mature a. → maturity n.
Antonym:
immature a. → immaturity n.
①她是位成熟的夫人，但显得年轻而且异乎寻常地美丽。
She was a mature
woman, but appeared young and was extraordinarily
beautiful.
②她到十六岁发育成熟。
She had reached
maturity by the time she was sixteen.
③不管熟还是没有熟的水果，都可以用糖来保存。
The fruits, mature
or immature, can be conserved with sugar.
2. Phrase Practice
1) You have to
take your daughter to hospital, as a rash has
broken out on her face and hands.
break out:
(of war, fighting, disease, or similarly
undesirable things) start suddenly
e.g.
印度尼西亚爆发了森林火灾。
Forest fires have broken out
across Indonesia.
2) In the darkness, I
_______ the right box. groped for
grope for:
feel or search about uncertainly (for something)
by hands; search uncertainly or with
difficulty (for a solution, answer, etc.)
e.g.
我在黑洞洞的屋里摸索着寻找电灯开关。
I grope for
the light switch in the dark room.
3) I
warned him repeatedly that it was no good _______
that kind of tricks ________ me.
trying…on
try on: put on (an article of clothing) to
find out whether it fits or is suitable; test the
effect or
result of
e.g.
①你可以试试这件新上衣。
You can try on this new coat.
②人们为什么热衷于摸彩票？
Why do people like to try
their luck on lottery?
4) Our sympathies
________ the relatives of the victims. go out to
(one‟s heart or sympathy) go out to sb.: feel
sympathy towards sb. and think about them
e.g.
他非常同情布莱克曼夫人和她那没有父亲的孩子。
His heart went out
to Mrs. Blackman and her fatherless child.
5) The drug traffickers were arrested after
the police were ________ by the local residents.
tipped
off
tip off: give an advance
warning or hint to…
e.g.
他向警察告密，揭露了恐怖分子的阴谋。
He tipped off the
police about the terrorist plot.
3.
Synonym Antonym
1. Adding to my distress was
the distinct impression that everyone on campus
was watching me.
•
Antonyms: vague,
indistinct
2. With that thought in mind, I
raised my head, squared my shoulders, and set out
in the direction
of my dorm, glancing (and
then ever so discreetly) at the campus map
clutched in my hand.
•
Synonyms: carefully,
meticulously
3. What confidence, what reserve,
what muscles!
•
Synonyms: self-restraint,
self-control
4. I spent the afternoon seeking
out each of my classrooms so that I could make a
perfectly timed
entrance before each lecture
without having to ask dumb questions about its
whereabouts.
•
Antonyms: clever,
intelligent, sensible
5. Freshmen manuals
advised sitting near the front, showing the
professor in intelligent and
energetic
demeanor.
•
Synonyms: manner, behaviour
6. I was even more surprised when I saw who
the poor soul was: the very composed, very upper
class football player I‟d seen just days
before …
•
Antonyms: excited, agitated
7. I expected him to slink out of the
cafeteria as I had, but instead he turned around
and began
preparing another tray.
•
Synonym: sneak
8. What I had
interpreted as a malicious attempt to embarrass a
naive freshman had been merely a
moment of
college fun.
•
Antonyms: mature,
sophisticated
Ⅱ. Grammar
1)
Nominal Clauses
There are five main types of
nominal clauses: that-clauses, interrogative sub-
clauses, nominal
relative clauses, nominal to-
infinitive clauses and nominal -ing clauses.
Nominal clauses function
like noun phrases.
They can occur as subject, object, complement,
apposition, and prepositional
complement.
For example:
The hope is [that
we will succeed]. (complement)
The
hope [that we will succeed] is unrealistic.
(apposition)
[What you do] does
not concern me. (subject)
I didn‟t
ask [where you live]. (object)
I
had prepared myself very carefully for [what I
must say]. (prepositional complement)
[To send him money now] would be [to put the cart
before the horse]. (subject;
complement)
Practice
Combine each pair of sentences
into one, using nominal clauses.
（以下每句话的答案点击以后出现，注意斜体的地方做到ppt里面也要保持斜体）
①
Did he ever go there at all? Do you know?
Do
you know ifwhether he ever went there at all?
② What do you need? You need a good rest.
What you need is a good rest.
③ Who
does it belong to? You must give it back.
You
must give it back to whoever it belongs to.
④I decided to resign, which was wise.
My
decision to resign was wise.
⑤It is
proposed that we should import more equipment. The
proposal is to be discussed at the
meeting.
The proposal that we should import more
equipment is to be discussed at the meeting.
⑥Who can have told you that? It puzzles me.
Who can have told you that puzzles me.
2) so that
（以下每句话的答案点击以后出现，注意斜体的地方做到ppt里面也要保持斜体）
So
that introduces an adverbial clause of purpose,
which usually contains a modal verb.
For
example:
The teacher must speak clearly [so
that his students can understand well].
They
climbed to the top of the mountain [so that they
could get a bird’s-eye view of the city].
Practice（以下每句话的答案点击以后出现，注意斜体的地方做到ppt里面也要保持斜体）
Combine each pair of sentences into one, using
“so that”.
① He wore glasses and a false
beard. Nobody would recognize him.
He wore
glasses and a false beard so that nobody would
recognize him.
② They are hurrying. They don‟t
want to miss the train.
They are hurrying so
that they may not miss the train.
③ Please
arrive early. We want to be able to start the
meeting on time.
Please arrive early so that
we can start the meeting on time.
④
John wanted to be heard in every room. He spoke
through a microphone.
John spoke through a
microphone so that he could be heard in every
room.
⑤ She locked the door. She didn‟t want
to be disturbed.
She locked the door so
that she wouldn‟t be disturbed.
⑥ John
has bought a bicycle. He may save money on fares.
John has bought a bicycle so that he may
save money on fares.
3) Adverbial
Clauses of Concession
Adverbial clauses of
concession express a contrast of meaning or
implication of „unexpectedness‟
in relation
with the main clauses. They are often introduced
by concessive conjunctions such as
although,
though or prepositions such as despite.
For
example:
[Although the car was badly
damaged], none of the passengers was hurt.
We
enjoyed our holiday [despite the fact that it
rained sometimes].
[However difficult the
situation is], we shall stick to it.
Practice（以下每句话的答案点击以后出现，注意斜体的地方做到ppt里面也要保持斜体）
Combine each pair of sentences into one, using
adverbial clauses of concession.
① He had been
prevented by illness from studying. He passed the
exam.
He passed the exam although he had been
prevented by illness from studying.
② He might
be or not be here. I shouldn‟t have time to see
him.
No matter whether he was here or not, I
shouldn‟t have time to see him.
③ Mr. Johnson
is rich. Mr. Johnson is by no means a happy man.
Rich as he is Although he is rich, Mr.
Johnson is by no means a happy man.
④ He is
ill. He works hard.
Despite Although
he is ill, he works hard.
⑤ The minister
escaped without a scratch. Everything around the
minister was blown to pieces.
Though
everything around him was blown to pieces, the
minister escaped without a scratch.
Ⅲ. Translation
1.
听到他屡遭失败的消息，我感到很难过。(distress)
Explanation
If you distress someone, you upset them by
doing or saying something that causes them to
feel unhappy or alarmed.
Translation
It distressed me a great deal to hear the news
that he had suffered repeated failures.
Practice
①如果我问了你的这一切使你感到苦恼，我很抱歉。
I‟m
sorry if I‟ve distressed you by asking all this.
②请不要自寻烦恼。
Please don‟t distress yourself.
2. 他虽然失去了老板的欢心，但仍然装出一副高兴的样子。(assume)
Explanation:
If you assume a particular
expression or way of behaving, you look or behave
in this way
deliberately in order to give
people a particular impression.
Translation
He assumed an air for
cheerfulness, even though he lost favor with his
boss.
Practice
①文职官员们装出一副军人的样子。
Civil servants assume a certain military air.
②他装出一副悔过的样子。
He assumed an expression of
penitence.
3.
如果你再犯同样的错误，他会对你非常生气的。(furious)
Explanation
When you are furious with at sb. or sth., you
are extremely angry or annoyed with him at
it.
Translation
He will be
furious with you if you repeat the same mistake.
Practice
①他为没有更早明白这件事而对自己非常生气。
He
was furious with himself for not realizing it
sooner.
②他因为她所做的事情而大发雷霆。
He was furious
with her at what she had done.
4.
我们都被他的坦率的观点、幽默的语言和亲切的态度所深深吸引。(draw)
Explanation
If something draws you, it is
so interesting or noticeable that you look at it
or move towards
it.
Translation
We were all greatly drawn by his frank views,
humorous words and genial manner.
Practice
①收音机的声音吸引了孩子们的注意。
The noise
of the radio drew the children.
②这部好莱坞大片为了吸引大批观众，动用了许多大牌明星。
The Hollywood
blockbuster has used many big stars to draw a
large audience.
5.
等到欢呼的掌声平息下来，那位诺贝尔奖获得者开始演讲。(die down)
Explanation
If something dies down, it
becomes very much quieter or less intense.
Translation
After the cheering applause
died down, the Nobel Prize winner began his
speech.
Practice
① 她等到笑声渐渐停止。
She
waited until the laughter had died down.
②既然这名妇女已经死了，这些闲言碎语也将很快消失。
The gossip will
soon die down now that the woman is dead.
6. 我发现现实毕竟是非常严酷的，一个人难以完全按照自己的理想去生活。(live up
to)
Explanation
If someone or
something lives up to what they were expected or
desired to be or do, they are
as good as they
were expected or desired to be.
Translation
I feel realities are after all
very harsh, so one can hardly live up entirely to
his ideals.
Practice
①
这部电影没有我期望的那么好。
The film didn‟t live up to my
expectations.
② 你没能实现自己的诺言。
You have
failed to live up to your promises.
Ⅳ.
Exercises for Integrated Skills
1. Dictation
There are generally two educational methods:
the lecture method and the group learning
method. In a lecture classroom, the teacher
dominates the class by doing most of the talking.
Students listen and take notes. This method
is best at passing on content to students. It
prepares
students for a society that values
discipline and self-control. The problem is that
students forget
most of the facts that they
have mechanically memorized. In contrast, the
teacher of a group
learning classroom appears
to have no definite role at all, wandering about
from group to group.
Students do not memorise
information, but they actively generate their own
ideas, each
contributing insights for the
success of the group. This method prepares
students for a society
that values creative
ideas. The disadvantage is that students have not
memorised enough basic
facts.
2. Fill in
each blank in the passage below with ONE word you
think appropriate.
Academic success (1)
________ in many forms. For most students, it‟s a
stellar transcript
that opens doors into great
jobs or great graduate schools. For (2)________,
academic success also
includes (3) ________
happens outside of the classroom. With so much (4)
________ on in
college, though, how can you
make sure you‟re headed down a path toward true
academic success
— and toward a truly
rewarding college experience?
You may arrive
at college knowing that you are destined to become
a teacher, a lawyer, a
doctor, or an engineer.
Or you may arrive (5) ________ having the
slightest idea about what you
want to major
in. No matter which end of the spectrum you‟re on,
however, you should let
yourself explore
everything that your school has to (6) ________
academically. Take classes in a
subject you‟ve
never taken before. Follow a passion that doesn‟t
(7) ________ to your major. Just
let yourself
really learn from your environment. There will
undoubtedly be a lot of people giving
you
advice about what you should do during and after
(8) ________. And while you may be in
school
to learn, you will, at some point, have to draw
your own line in the sand. Pick a career and
course of study that suits you, (9) ________
your parents. Pay attention to the fire in your
belly
and learn what you‟re truly passionate
about. Make sure you‟re happy at your school. And
once
you‟ve made a choice, feel confident in
your decision and do all you can to (10) ________
from
the resources around you.
Keys
(1) comes (2) others (3) what (4)
going (5) not
(6) offer (7)
relate (8) college (9) not (10) learn