全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题
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2004 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题
Section Use of English
Directions
Choose the best word(s) for each numbered
blank and mark A,B,C or D. on ANSWER
SHEET 1.
(10 points)
Digital photography is still new
enough that most of us have yet to
form an
opinion about it, 21 develop a point of view. But
this hasn't stopped
many film and computer
fans from agreeing 22 the early conventional
wisdom about digital cameras they're neat 23
for your PC, but they're not
suitable for
everyday picture taking.
The fans are wrong.
More than anything else, digital cameras are
radically
24 what photography means and what
it can be. The venerable medium of
photography
25 we know it is beginning to seem out of 26 with
the way
we live. In our computer and camcorder
27, saving pictures as digital 28
and watching
them on TV is no less practical-and in many ways
more 29
than fumbling with rolls of film that
must be sent off to be 30.
Paper is also
terribly 31. Pictures that are incorrectly
framed,32, or
lighted are nonetheless
committed to film and ultimately processed into
sprints.
The digital medium changes the 33.
Still images that are 34 digitally
can
immediately be shown on a computer 35, a TV
screen, or a small
liquid-crystal
display(LCD)built rights into the camera. And
since the points of light
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that 36 an
image are saved as a series of digital bits in
electronic
memory,37 being permanently etched
onto film, they can be erased, retouched,
and
transmitted 38.
What's it like to 39 with one
of these digital cameras? It's a little
like a
first date-exciting, confusing and fraught with
40.
21. A rather than B let alone
C much
less D so as to
22. A on B with C to D by
23. A attachments B auxiliaries
C
attributes D counterparts
24. A re-explaining
B rearranging
C re-exposing D redefining
25. A though B if C as D
26. A rate B pace C
step D
27. A environment B civilization
C
community D culture
28. A files B documents
C programs D soft wares
29. A appealing B
facilitating
C enlightening D encouraging
30. A converted B developed
C exposed D
evolved
31. A unforgiving B unperceiving
C un-considering D un-sympathizing
32. A aimed
B targeted
C focused D pointed
33. A
regulations B rules
C disciplines D
principles
34. A gripped B seized
C
grasped D captured
35. A demonstrator B
exhibitor
C monitor D transmitter
36. A
constitute B illumine
C penetrate D dissolve
3 7. A in case B rather than
C as well as
D as though
38. A on digit B on cable
C
on line D on data
39. A fire B maneuver
C
operate D shoot
40. A chances B probabilities
C opportunities D possibilities
Section
Reading Comprehension
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Part A
Directions
Read the following
text Answer the questions below each text by
choosing A,B,C or D. Mark
your answer on
ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)
Text 1
Among
Bloomberg's web pages on April 7
th
appeared a story that looked ordinary enough:
Pair Gain, an American telecom equipment
manufacturer, was to be taught by an Israeli
company for about twice its market value. The
company's stock price, predictably, rocketed
from $$850 to $$1113. All fine and normal-except
that the story wasn't true. Somebody had copied
Bloomberg's logo and layout and posted a bogus
report on the Bloomberg site. When Pair Gain
queried the report, it was taken off, and the
share price crashed again. Bloomberg is now suing
unnamed parties who posted the page.
As
more and more of life moves on to the Internet, so
the difficulty of distinguishing fact
from
fiction on it becomes more and more of a worry.
This problem springs from the Internet's
central virtue: low barriers to entry. In the
real world, being a publisher costs a great deal
of money. You have to have manufacturing
facilities and distribution networks. So real
world
publishers have a great deal invested in
their reputations and consequently need to be
careful
about what they print.
On the
Internet, being a publisher costs next to nothing.
Many Internet publishers, therefore,
have
little to lose from printing untruths and plenty
to gain in notoriety if the story they put
out
is sensational enough. What's more, faking the
real world newspaper, which has to be both
manufactured and distributed, would be next to
impossible; faking an Internet page is deadly
easy.
Not all the efforts of the lowering
of the barriers to entry are bad. Traditional news
o rganizations can be too cautious and too
protective of their more powerful sources. Many
s candals have been unearthed first by
outsiders with scrappy news sheets and a little to
lose by
w ay of influential contacts. The
Internet is a golden age for what used to be the
newsletter.
The downside is the ease with
which error spreads.
Rarely, though,
falsehood takes the form of international fraud,
more often
i t appears as malicious gossip,
slovenly reporting and Chinese whispers. Last
y ear everybody on the Internet knew that
Tommy Hillier, a fashion designer,
had made
racist comments on the Opera Winfrey Show. Except
that he
didn't. Pierre Salinger, former
television newsman, claimed at a news
c
onference that TWA 800, a passenger plane that
crashed into the Atlantic
k illing all aboard
in 1996, had been downed by a missile-all on the
basis
o f a web page of dubious origin. Mary
Schmich of the Chicago Tribune
w rote her
column one week as a spoof graduation speech.
Somehow this
c olumn became tagged on the web,
as Kurt Vonnegut´scommencement speech
a t MIT.
Cyberspace can also be risky, for now,
because even sophisticated people
c an be
gullible about what they read there. This may be
because of a lag
b etween technology and
perception. Smartly produced pages, and things on
screens, impress us with an authority that
springs from the resources needed
t o produce
them in the old paper medium. Perhaps everyone
should be more
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worldly wise about what can
turn up on the web.
41. The Bloomberg incident
in the first paragraph is a case of
A
malicious gossip.
B slovenly report.
C
Chinese whisper.
D international fraud.
42. The difference between a real world
publisher and an Internet publisher is that
A
the real world publisher enjoys low barrier entry.
B the Internet publisher is notorious for
being untruthful.
C the real world publisher
is too cautious about their investment.
D the
Internet publisher enjoys easy access and low
costs.
43. The falsehood that we often find on
the Internet proves that
A the Internet has
nothing to lose if error occurs.
B the
Internet publisher is only a newsletter publisher.
C the Internet news report has no powerful
sources.
D the Internet is a totally
unreliable news media.
44. The lag between
technology and perception in the last paragraph
probably means that
A paper medium
publication is far behind Internet publication.
B smartly produced pages appeal to people's
perception.
C the Internet page sometimes has
a deceptive appearance.
D printing techniques
acquire authority from necessary sources.
45.
The author seems to believe that one should what
one reads in
Internet news.
A. Reject B.
watch C. accept D. appreciate
Text 2
The
modern cult of beauty is a success in so far as
more women
retain their youthful appearance to
a greater age than in the past.
ladiesare
already becoming rare. In a few years, we may well
believe that
they will be extinct. White hair
and wrinkles, a bent back and hollow
cheeks
will come to be regarded as medieval old
fashioned. The crone of
the future will be
golden, curly and cherry lipped, and slender. This
desirable
consummation will be due in part to
skin foods and injections of paraffin
wax,
facial surgery, mud baths, and paint, in part to
improved health, due in
its turn to a more
rational mode of life. Ugliness is one of the
symptoms
of disease, beauty of health. In so
far as the campaign for beauty is also
a
campaign for more health, it is admirable and, up
to a point, genuinely
successful.
Beauty
that is merely the artificial shadow of these
symptoms of health
is intrinsically of poorer
quality than the genuine article. Still, it is a
sufficiently good imitation to be sometimes
mistakable for the real thing. The
apparatus
for mimicking the symptoms of health is now within
the reach of
every moderately prosperous
person; the knowledge of the way in which real
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health can be achieved is growing, and will in
time, no doubt, be
universally acted upon.
When that happy moment comes, will every woman
be beautiful-as beautiful, at any rate, as the
natural shape of her features,
with or without
surgical and chemical aid, permits? The answer is
emphatically:
No. For real beauty is as much
an affair of the inner as of the outer
self.
The beauty of a porcelain jar is a matter of
shape, of color, of
surface texture. The jar
may be empty or tenanted by spiders, full of
honey or stinking slime-it makes no difference
to its beauty or ugliness. But
a woman is
alive, and her beauty is therefore not skin deep.
The surface
of the human vessel is affected by
the nature of its spiritual contents. I
have
seen women who, by the standards of a connoisseur
of porcelain, were
ravishingly lovely.
Their shape, their color, their surface texture
were perfect. And yet they
w ere not
beautiful. For the lovely vase was either empty or
filled with
s ome corruption. Spiritual
emptiness or ugliness shows through. And
conversely,
t here is an interior light that
can transfigure forms that the pure aesthetician
would regard as imperfect or downright ugly.
There are numerous forms of psychological
ugliness. There is an ugliness
o f stupidity,
for example, of unawareness (distressingly common
among pretty
w omen). An ugliness also of
greed, of lasciviousness, of avarice. All the
d eadly sins, indeed, have their own peculiar
negation of beauty. On the
p retty faces of
those especially who are trying to have a
continuous
t imeone sees very often a kind of
bored sullenness that ruin all their
c harm. I
remember in particular two young American girls I
once met in
N orth Africa. From the porcelain
specialist's point of view, they were
e
xtremely beautiful. But a sullen boredom was so
deeply stamped into their
f resh faces, their
gait and gestures expressed so weary a
listlessness, that it
was unbearable to look
at them. These exquisite creatures were positively
repulsive.
46. Because of skin foods,
paraffin wax, facial surgery, mud baths and
paint,
A wrinkles and hollow cheeks will
not be found.
B the desirable consummation
will be achieved.
C curly hair will look
medieval old fashioned.
D the elderly women
will no longer be able to exist.
47. In the
second paragraph, beauty is talked about as
A
an artificial shadow of a genuine article.
B
an apparatus for achieving good health.
C the
poor imitation of true inner health.
D the
good knowledge of health and disease.
example
of the porcelain jar illustrate the
A
importance of shape, color and texture.
B
ugliness of spiders and stinking slime.
C
connection between inner and outer self.
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D gap
between appearance and contents.
49. The two
American girls offer an example of what the author
calls
A unawareness. B greed.
C deadly
sins. D stupidity.
50. The author probably
writes this article to
A praise beauty
campaign's success.
B demonstrate the improved
living standards.
C suggest the importance of
inner qualities.
D predict the future of
beauty industry.
Text 3
The marvelous
telephone and television network that has now
enmeshed
the whole world, making all men
neighbors, cannot be extended into space. It
will never be possible to converse with anyone
on another planet. Even with
today's radio
equipment, the messages will take minutes-
sometimes hours-on
their journey, because
radio and light waves travel at the same limited
speed
of 186 000 miles a second.
Twenty
years from now you will be able to listen to a
friend on
Mars, but the words you hear will
have left his mouth at least three
minutes
earlier, and your reply will take a corresponding
time to reach him.
In such circumstances, an
exchange of verbal messages is possible-but not a
conversation.
To a culture which has come
to take instantaneous communication for
g
ranted, as part of the very structure of civilized
life, this barrier
m ay have a profound
psychological impact. It will be a perpetual
reminder
o f universal laws and limitations
against which not all our technology can
e ver
prevail. For it seems as certain as anything can
be that no signal-still
less any material
object-can ever travel faster than light.
The
velocity of light is the ultimate speed limit,
being part of the
v ery structure of space and
time. Within the narrow confines of the solar
s ystem, it will not handicap us too severely.
At the worst, these will
amount to twenty
hours-the time it takes a radio signal to span the
orbit
o f Pluto, the outer most planet.
It is when we move out beyond the confines of the
solar system that
w e come face to face with
an altogether news groups of cosmic reality. Even
t oday, many otherwise educated men-like those
savages who can count to
t hree but lump
together all numbers beyond four-cannot grasp the
profound
d istinction between solar and
stellar space. The first is the space enclosing
o ur neighboring worlds, the planets; the
second is that which embraces those
distant
suns, the stars, and it is literally millions of
times greater. There is
n o such abrupt change
of scale in the terrestrial affairs.
Many
conservative scientists, appalled by these cosmic
gulfs, have denied
t hat they can ever be
crossed. Some people never learn; those who sixty
years ago scoffed at the possibility of
flight, and ten years ago laughed at
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the idea of
travel to the planets, are now quite sure that the
stars will
always be beyond our reach. And
again they are wrong, for they have
failed to
grasp the great lesson of our age-that if
something is possible in
theory, and no
fundamental scientific laws oppose its
realization, then sooner
or later it will be
achieved.
One day we shall discover a really
efficient means of propelling our
space
vehicles. Every technical device is always
developed to its limit and
the ultimate speed
for spaceships is the velocity of light. They will
never
reach that goal, but they will get very
near it. And then the nearest star
will be
less than five years voyaging from the earth.
51. For light to travel across the solar
system, it will take
A a year. B nearly a
day.
C two months. D thirty minutes.
52.
The fact that it will never be possible to
converse with someone
on another planet shows
that
A radio messages do not travel fast
enough.
B no object can ever travel faster
than light.
C western culture has a special
idea of communication.
D certain universal
laws cannot be prevailed against.
53.
Confronted with the news groups of cosmic reality,
many educated men
A become ignorant savage
again.
B find the barrierunbearable.
C
will not combine solar and stellar space.
D
cannot adapt to the abrupt change of scale.
vative scientists who deny that cosmic gulfs
can ever be crossed
A laugh at the very idea
of flight.
B learn a lesson as they did ten
years ago.
C find space travel beyond their
reach.
D oppose the fundamental scientific
laws.
55. The author of the passage, readers
can infer, intends to show the
A limitations
of our technology.
B vastness of the cosmic
reality.
C prospect of planetary travel.
D
psychological impact of time and space.
Text 4
Pursuing free trade through WTO has many
attractions. Countries bind
themselves and
their trading partners to transparent and non-
discriminatory trade
rules, which the WTO then
enforces evenhandedly. Since most governments
operate on the premise that opening domestic
markets is a concession to be
traded for
access to foreign markets, multilateral
liberalization is often the
most effective
route to free trade.
A successful WTO round
requires two big bargains to be struck: a
will
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transatlantic deal between
America and the EU and a north south deal
between the rich and the poor. Yet at Seattle
this year there is a long
way to go before
such broad bargains can be considered, let alone
struck.
America wants a few priority issues to
be settled. Its list includes an
extension of
the duty-free status of e-commerce, a broader IT
pact, reform
of the WTO dispute settlement
system, increased WTO transparency and the
phase out of tariffs in eight sectors
including chemicals, energy products and
environmental products. The EU on the other
hand professes to want a more
comprehensive
approach that focuses on removing tariff peaks for
such imports
as textiles, glass and footwear,
but would preserve tariff preferences for
developing countries.
The biggest
obstacle may be the insistence of many developing
countries
t hat they will block further
liberalization until their gripes over the Uruguay
r ound are addressed. They want their
obligations in areas such as intellectual
p
roperty, investor protection, subsidies and
antidumping to be eased. They
a rgue that the
Uruguay round has failed to deliver expected
benefits in such
areas as agriculture and
textiles.
Though by no means a monolithic
block, the developing countries share
a
feeling that whatever the promise of
liberalization at the WTO, rich
c ountries
will conspire to keep their markets closed.
Indeed, the EU insists
t hat freeing trade
should be steered and managed according to the
c oncerns of EU citizensThat is in keeping
with a view, widespread on
t he continent,
that protectionist trade policy is a price readily
paid for
political objectives
However
great these obstacles are, they could be overcome
if America
w ere still leading the drive for
freer world trade. With its economy doing
w
ell, greater access to foreign markets seems a
less pressing priority. The
C linton
administration is unwilling to make politically
painful concessions
r equired to achieve that
aim. So there is a possibility that the Seattle
round will turn out to
b e a fiasco. If that
happens, it will encourage the anti-WTO groups to
go
on the offensive. America, the EU and Japan
would increasingly be tempted
by managed
trade.
56. The WTO's transparent and non-
discriminatory rules require all member
countries to
A exchange domestic markets
for foreign markets.
B make concessions in
foreign trade.
C adopt the most effective
route to free trade.
D enforce trade policies
evenhandedly.
57. The difference between
America and the EU is over
A e-commerce. B
WTO transparency. C agenda. [D]tariffs.
58.
The developing countries threaten to block further
liberalization because
they
A are now
conspiring to keep their markets closed.
B
want their problems and complaints to be dealt
with first.
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C cannot afford to deliver
benefits in agriculture and textile.
D want no
obligations in intellectual property and
antidumping.
59. tradein the last sentence
probably means
A market management.
B
trade protectionism.
C trade concession.
D
market priority.
60. The author of the passage
seems to be about the prospect
globalization
and free trade.
A optimistic B doubtful
C
impartial [D]. vague
Part B
Directions
Read the following passage carefully and then
translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
Your translation must be written clearly on
ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
The 1960s saw the
great civil rights movement whose goals were to
end segregation laws
completely and fight for
the equal rights for the colored people. Many
American blacks began to
have a new mood. They
declared that is beautifuland the black
community showed signs of unprecedented self-
confidence.(61)Equally important,
many black
leaders began to disclaim full integrations into
the American
mainstream as the goal of the
black minority.(62)Instead, they argued,
blacks ought to coexist with other groups in a
plural society containing
different and
distinctive communities living in mutual respect.
The elimination of legal barriers to
advancement has been a major gain
for the
blacks, but institutionalized discrimination is
still rife. Housing, in
particular, remains
highly segregated: the great majority of blacks
continue to
live in neighborhoods that are
overwhelmingly black, and most whites live in
neighborhoods that are overwhelmingly
white.(63)Busing and other programs
aimed at
integrating the schools have had some impact in
inner city areas
but have made virtually no
difference to the segregation that exists
between the predominantly black urban centers
and the predominantly
white suburbs and small
towns that surround them. Median family income
of blacks rose from 230 in 1960 to 142 in
1977, but the median income
of white families
rose at least as fast, and the income gap between
the
two groups has widened in recent
years.(64)A major source of this
differential
is the fact that blacks tend to be barred from
positions of
authority over other workers, and
are restricted instead to lower paying
jobs
further down the work place hierarchy. This factor
alone accounts for
about a third of the total
black-white income gap.
(65)Race relations
between black and white still leave much to be
desired, although there is unmistakable
evidence of some improvements in
attitudes.
However, there is a sharp divergence between the
races on the
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question of
how much progress has been made in ending
discrimination. The
majority of whites believe
that there has been a lot of progress in getting
rid of discrimination, but more than half of
the blacks felt that there has
not been much
real change. Only less than 20% of the whites
believe that
many blacks miss out on jobs and
promotion in their city because of
discrimination. Many blacks are still
pessimistic about progress in race
relations.
Section Writing
66. Directions
study
the following cartoon carefully and write an essay
in which you should :
1)describe the cartoon
and interpret it’s meaning , and
2)give your
comments on the phenomenon
You should write
about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20
points)
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