SAT OG阅读文本TEST4
达特茅斯-公司庆典
3
The passages below are followed by questions
based on their content; questions following a pair
of related passages may also be based on
the
relationship between the paired passages. Answer
the questions on the basis of what is stated or
implied in the passages and in any
introductory material that may be provided.
Questions 6-9 are based on the following
passages.
Passage 1
The eighteenth-
century botanist Carolus Linnaeus'
enormous
and essential contribution to natural history
was to devise a system of classification whereby
any
plant or animal could be identified and
slotted into
5 an overall plan. Yet Linnaeus
himself would probably
have been the first
to admit that classification is only
a tool.
and not the ultimate purpose. of biological
inquiry. Unfortunately, this truth was not
apparent
to his immediate successors, who
for the next hundred
10 years were to concern
themselves almost exclusively
with
classification.
Passage 2
I am a
heretic about Linnaeus. Ido not dispute the
value of the tool he gave natural science, but I
am wary
about the change it has effected on
humans' relationship
15 to the world. From
Linnaeus on. much of science has
been
devoted to sorting masses into individual entities
and arranging the entities neatly. The cost
of having so
successfully itemized and
pigeonholed nature is to limit
certain
possibilities of seeing and apprehending. For
20 example. the- modem human thinks that he or
she can
best understand a tree (or a species
of tree) by examining
a single tree. But
trees are not intended to grow in isolation.
They are social creatures. and their society in
tum supports
other species of plants.
insects. birds. mammals. and micro-
25
organisms. all of which make up the whole
experience of
the woods. '
6. Compared
to the author of Passage 2. the author
of
Passage l regards Linnaeus with more
(A)
cynicism
(B) bafflement
(C) appreciation
(D) nostalgia
(E) resentment
7 Unlike
the author of Passage l, the author of Passage 2
makes use of
(A) scientific data
(B)
literary allusion
(C) historical research
(D) personal voice
(E) direct citation
8 Both passages emphasize which of the
following
aspects of Linnaeus' work?
(A)
The extent to which it contributed to natural
science
(B) The way in which it limits
present-day science
(C) 'Die degree to which
it revived interest in biology
(D) 'l`he
decisiveness with which it settled scientific
disputes
(E) The kinds of scientific
discoveries on which
it built `
9 The
author of Passage 1 would most likely respond
to the opening of Passage 2 (lines 12- I7) by
arguing
that the author of Passage 2 has
(A) demonstrated that Linnaeus should be
better
known as a scientist than he currently
is
(B) minimized the achievements of those
scientists
who built on Linnaeus' work
(C)
refused to appreciate the importance of proper
classification to scientific progress
(D)
failed to distinguish the ideas of Linnaeus from
those of his followers
(E) misunderstood
Linnaeus` primary contribution
to natural
history
Questions 10-15 are based on the
following passage.
The following is an excerpt
from a translation of a novel
written in
Spanish by an author from Colombia. In a
fanciful manner. the novelist portrays the
townspeople
of an isolated village.
Dazzled by so many and such marvelous inventions,
the
people of Macondo did not know where
their amazement
began. They stayed up all
night looking at the pale electric
bulbs fed
by the electric plant that Aureliano Triste had
5 brought back when the train made its second
trip, and it
took time and effort for them
to grow accustomed to its
obsessive
noise.
They became indignant over the
living images that the
prosperous merchant
Bnino Crespi projected on the screen
10 in the
theater with the lion-head ticket windows, for the
character who had died and was buried in one
film, and for
whose misfortune tears of
affliction had been shed, would
reappear
alive and transformed into an Arab sheik in the
next one. The audience. who paid two cents
apiece to share
15 the difficulties of the
actors, would not tolerate such an
outlandish fraud and they broke up the seats. The
mayor,
at the urging of Bruno Crespi,
explained in a proclamation
that the cinema
was a machine of illusions that did not
merit the emotional outbursts of the audience.
With that
20 discouraging explanation many
felt that they had been the
victims of some
new trickery and they decided not to return
to the movies. considering that they already had
too many
troubles of their own to weep over
the acted-out misfor-
tunes of imaginary
beings.
25 Something similar happened with
cylinder phonographs
brought from France
and intended as a substitute for the
antiquated hand organs used by the band of
musicians. For
a time the phonograph
records had serious effects on the
livelihood of the musicians. At first curiosity
increased the
30 business on the street where
they were sold and there was
even word of
respectable persons who disguised them-
selves as workers in order to observe the novelty
of the
phonograph at firsthand. but from so
much and such close
observation they soon
reached the conclusion that it was
35 not an
enchanted mill as everyone had thought and as some
had said, but a mechanical trick that could
not be compared
with something so moving, so
human, and so full of every-
day truth as a
band of musicians. It was such a serious
disappointment that when phonographs became so
popular
40 that there was one in every house
they were not considered
objects for
amusement for adults but as something good for
children to take apart.
On the
other hand, when someone from the town had
the opportunity to test the crude reality of the
telephone
45 installed in the railroad
station, which was thought to be
a
rudimentary version of the phonograph because of
its
crank. even the most incredulous were
upset. It was as if
God had decided to put
to the test every capacity for sur-
prise
:ind was keeping the inhabitants of Macondo in a
50 permanent alternation between excitement
and disappoint-
ment. doubt and revelation,
to such an extreme that no one
knew for
certain where limits of reality lay.
10 The
word
(A) enthusiastic
(B) persistent
(C) obvious
(D) infatuated
(E)
hardworking
11 The
was related to the
(A) excessive charge for admission
(B)
outlandish adventures of the characters on the
screen
(C) fact that the events depicted on
the screen did not actually
occur
(D) types of difficulties the actors faced
(E) implausible plots of the stories that were
told
12 The citizens lost interest in their
phonographs
(A) the machines lacked the heart
and soul of true musicians
(B) few people
were able to operate them
(C) the machines
were too difficult to observe firsthand
(D)
many musicians lost their jobs because of
(E)
the children were breaking them faster than were
made
13 The citizens of Macondo were
distressed by the of the
telephone
because they
(A) did not know where it had
come from
(B) had expected a more socially
beneficial invention
(C) could envision the
changes it would bring to daily village life
(D) no longer felt able to make the usual
assumptions about their
world
(E) were
fearful that it would have serious effects on
their
continued employment
14 The aspect
of the new inventions that most disappointed
the citizens was that these inventions
(A)
were not all fashioned with a crank
(B) did
not have any real educational value
(C) were
not at all what they seemed to be
(D) were
meant purely for entertainment
(E) were so
intricate they were difficult to operate
15
The major purpose of the passage is to
(A)
illustrate the influence the distinguished
residents of
Macondo had on the other citizens
(B) describe the new scientific inventions
that were
introduced to Macondo
(C) depict
a diverse crowd reacting in unison to a
magical performance
(D) describe
the people's responses to the influx of
technical advances
(E) delineate old-
fashioned ideas about the virtue of
nature
over technology
Questions 16-24 are based
on the following passage.
This passage is by a
choreographer who worked with the
influential
dancer and choreographer Martha Graham
(1894-1991). It focuses on the use of space
and gesture in
dance.
I am not an
adept aesthetician, and I could not presume
to analyze Nlartha‟s sense of design or approach
toward
design. But I believe she dealt with
the elements of line and
direction with the
instincts of a mathematician or physicist.
5
adding to each their emotional relations. For
example. a
straight line rarely, if ever,
occurs in nature, but it does
occur in art,
and it is used in art with various telling
effects. Direction works similar magic. An
approaching
body produces one kind of
emotional line, a receding or
10 departing
body another; the meeting of two forces produces
visual. kinesthetic, and emotional effects.
with a world of
suggestibility around them
like a penumbra that evokes
many ideas and
emotions whenever these forms are manip-
ulated. Basic human gesture: assume, therefore. an
almost
15 mystic power. The simple maneuver of
turning the face
away. for example, removes
personality, relationship. Not
only mat, it
seems to alter the relation of the individual to
present time and present place, to make
here-and-now
other-where and other-time. It
also shifts the particular
20 personality to
the general and the symbolic. This is the
power of the human face and the human regard. and
the
meeting of the eyes is probably as magic
a connection as
can be made on this earth.
equal to any amount of electrical
shock or
charge. It represents the heart of dynamism. life
25 itself. The loss of that regard reduces all
connections to
nothingness and void.
speech. It means withholding approval.
disclaiming. negat-
ing: and, in fact. in
common conduct the physical turning
30 of the
back is equated with absolute negation and insult.
No back is turned on a royal personage or
:r figure of high
respect. This is linked
with the loss of visual contact and
regard.
One cuts dead by not meeting the eyes.
We
know much about emotional symbols. Those used
35 by the medieval and Renaissance painters
were understood
by the scholars and artists
of the time-but. more wonder-
ful. they mean
to us today spontaneously just what tl1ey
meant then; they seem to be permanent. We dream.
Jung`
tells us. in terms and symbols of
classic mythology. And
40 since. according to
Jung, all people share a “collective
unconscious.
dream in the same terms. ls it
not also likely. then, that
certain space
relations, rhythms. and stresses have psy-
chological significance. that some of these
pattems are
45 universal and the key to
emotional response. that their
deviations
and modifications can be meaningful to artists
in terms of their own life experiences and
that these over-
tones are grasped by
spectators without conscious arzalysis?
These matters are basic to our well-being as land
and air
50 animals. As plants will tum to
sunlight or rocks or moisture
according to
their nature, so we bend toward or escape
from spatial arrangements according to our
emotional
needs. Look around any restaurant
and see how few people
will sit at a center
table unless the sides are filled up. Yet
55
monarchs of old always dined dead center and many
Limq
in public.
The individual as
a personality. then, has a particular :
code in space and rhythm, evolved from his or her
life Q
history and from the history of the
human race. It is just
60 the manipulation of
these suggestions through time-space
that is
the material of choreography. „
*A Swiss
psychologist (1875-1961)
16. The first two
sentences (lines l-5) are characterized,
respectively, by
A disclaimer and
assertion
B invocation and definition
C
apology and confession
D authority and
hypothesis
E rebuttal and analysis
17. In
lines 5-6. the statement
occurs in nature”
emphasizes the author‟s recognition of the
(A) choreographer‟s need for spectacular
effects
(B) choreographer‟s use of
mathematical forms
(C) choreographer‟s
estrangement from nature
(D) impossibility of
performing certain choreographer motions
(E)
universality of geometrical forms
18. By
saying that the meeting of two forces produces
effects
that have them
l
l-12) the author means that the physical event
(A) provokes unwarranted suspicions
(B)
reveals the motives of the artist
(C) acts on
the gullibility of the audience
(D) lulls the
audience into complacent acceptance
(E) evokes
a vast number of associations
19. The authors
main point about
(line 14) is that they
(A) are not subject to an individuals control
( B ) are difficult to analyze without
scientific terminology
(C) provoke different
responses in people
(D) carry powerful.
universally understood messages
(E) evolve
with changes in cultural hierarchy
20 The
author mentions
(lines 2|-22) to suggest the
(A)effect that tank or status has on gestural
meaning
(B)difficulty of controlling emotional
symbols
(C)degree to which body language is
not a function of
personality
(D)extent of
the power of individual human contact
(E)nature of artistically pleasing events
21 The author suggests which of the following
about
the work of
(A) It was influenced by
its royal patronage.
( B) It was conceived
more spontaneously than is modem art.
(C) It
should be cherished for its unique symbolism.
(D) It contains symbols that are immediately
accessible to
contemporary viewers.
(E) It
is an unsophisticated version of symbolism
developed later
by choreographers.
22 As
used in line 43.
(A) emphases
(B) loads
(C) anxieties
(D) influences
(E)
sounds
23 As used in line 48.
(A)adhered
to
(B) seized on
(C) controlled
(D)
held
(E) understood
24 The author
suggests that people in a restaurant
(lines
53-54) are expressing their emotional need for
(A) unhindered interaction
(B) relative
privacy
(C) respect from strangers
(D)
approval from others
(E) reclusive isolation
7
The passages below are followed by questions
based on their content; questions following a pair
of related passages may also
be based on the
relationship between the paired passages. Answer
the questions on the basis of what is stared or
implied in the passages
and in any
introductory material that may be provided.
Questions 9~l0 are based on the following
passage.
When the tide was in and the
water rose up to within
a foot of the lawn.
we children boasted that we could fish
out
of our bedroom windows. This was not quite true.
But
it was true that, from our front lawn,
the house was full of
5 waves. When the tide
was up and the sun was shining. the
white
front of the house was in movement with reflected
waves. The tall windows became so solid in
color and
form, gold and blue. that the
house seemed to be hill of
Sea; until, of
course. one turned round and saw the teal
10
sea. so miraculously real that it startled.
9.
What does the narrator mean by the comment “the
house was full of waves” (lines 4-5)
(A)
The house ws decorated with a nautical theme.
(B) The children enjoyed drawing pictures of
the sea.
(C) The house mirrored the movements
of the sea.
(D) 'The basement of the house
sometimes killed with water.
(E) The house
appeared as if it had been damaged by the sea.
10. In context. the tone of lines 5-10 (“When
. . . startled
is best described as one of
(A) awe and fear
(B) mischief and
curiosity
(C) sadness and confusion
(D)
wonder and delight
(E) uncertainty and
impatience
Questions 11-12 are based on the
following passage.
Recently excavated
artifacts from Pakistan have inspired
a
reevaluation of one of the great early urban
cultures--the
enigmatic Indus Valley
civilization. one of the four great
early
Old World state-cultures, along with Mesopotamia,
5 Egypt, and China's Yellow River
civilization Much less
is known about the
Indus civilization than these other states
because linguists have yet to decipher the
Harappan script
found on recovered objects.
Attempting to understand these
vanished
people and their social structures, my colleagues
10 and I have drawn clues from the
miscellaneous objects we
uncover and sites
we excavate. In this effort, the Harappan
writings have not been totally useless; we have
gleaned
insights by examining the context of
the writing's use.
11. A major assumption of
the passage is that
(A) the spot within an
excavated site where an object is found is
a
clue to its social significance
(B) it is a
great help in understanding a civilization tobe
able to
decode its language
'(C) there are
similarities among the social structures of
ancient
urban civilizations
(D) an
effective archaeologist should learn the language
of the
civilization being studied
(E)
ancient languages are all very difficult to
decipher
12. 'The author‟s tone in the final
sentence is best described
as
(A)
frustrated
(B) resigned
(C) ambivalent
(D) somewhat encouraged
(E) unshakably
confident
Questions 13-24 are based on the
following passages.
These were two passages.
written in the 1990’s. address the ways
in
which environmental consent: have been made
public.
Passage 1
There is nothing
wrong with attempting to make the
often
difficult and complex Endings of science available
to a wider audience. but environmental
popularizers often
present a one-sided
picture and hide important scientific
5
disagreements on issues relevant to environmental
quality.
The zeal to draw firm conclusions
from the results of sci-
entific research
frequently prompts speculative matters
to
be left out or presented with greater authority
than they
deserve. The partisanship
implicit in these failures is most
10 often
excused by the originality of the author‟s
perspective
on the subject or a passionate
commitment to do good.
How could one regret
the “minor” confusions that might
arise
from such noble impuises?
But using one-
sided and incomplete accounts of the state
15
of scientific knowledge has led to projections,
predictions,
and warnings that. not
surprisingly, have been falsified by
events. No one knows what the future holds. But
reports
that Lake Erie and the oceans would
be dead by now were
surely greatly
exaggerated. The United States is wracked
20
neither by food riots nor a great epidemic of
pesticide-
induced cancers. Birds continue
to sing in the mornings,
and they do not
have to face the rigors of either an ice age
caused by humans or a global warming caused by the
heat
of increased energy production and
consumption. With
25 what confidence should we
look upon the projected honors
of global
warming. rain forest destruction, or toxic waste,
given the record of the past?
This
failure of prophecy may be an intellectual
weakness.
yet prophecy continues because it
provides the popularizers
30 with a profound
rhetorical strength: it releases the power of
fear. 'lite central role of this sentiment in
political rhetoric
has long been understood.
Arousing fear. though. is not
always easy.
Even as far back as Aristotle. it was observed
that we fear things less the more distant
they are. Hence
35 when Churchill sought to
rouse the British. he brought the
Germans to
the beaches. landing grounds, fields. streets.
and hills of . too. to arouse fears the
popu-
larizers have to present of imminent
calamities
that could befall their
relatively comfortable and well-off
40
readers. Environmental disasters like endemic
waterbome
disease due to inadequate sewage
treatment in faraway
nations do not Et this
category. The prospect of my getting
skin
cancer due to ozone depletion does. Without such
immediacy. one could only arouse a sentiment
like com-
45 passion. which is not as strong
as fear.
Passage 2
Few ideas are more
deeply entrenched in our political
culture
than that of impending ecological doom.
in
l962., when Rachel Carson wamed readers that
polluting
was a threat to all life on the
planet, pessimistic appraisal;
50 of the
health of the environment have been issued with
increasing urgency. And yet. thanks in large
part to her Q
warnings. a powerful political
movement was born and a
series of landmark
environmental bills became law: the fs;
Clean Air Act (1970). the Clean Water Act (l972),
and
55 the Endangered Species Act (1973).
These laws and their `
equivalents i.n
Western Europe, along with a vast array of
private efforts, have been a stunning success. ln
both the
United States and Europe,
environmental trends are, forth;
most part,
positive; and environmental regulations, far from
60 being burdensome and expensive, have proved
to be strik--
ingly effective, have cost
less than was anticipated, and
have made
the economies of the countries that have
them into effect stronger. not weaker.
Nevertheless, the vocabulary of environmentalism
has
65 continued to be dominated by images of
futility. crisis, and
decline. In 1988.
Thomas Berry, an essayist popular among
ecologists. wrote that “the planet cannot long
endure present
modes of human
exploitation.” ln 1990, Gaylord Nelson
the former senator from Wisconsin who was a prime
mover
70 behind the first Earth Day in l970,
said that environmental
problems “are a
greater threat to Earth's life-sustaining
systems than a nuclear war.
Al Gore said that
the planet now was suffering „grave and
perhaps irreparable damage.
75 Western world
is concerned. this line of thought is an
anachronism. rendered obsolete by its own success.
Nor
are environmentalists the only people
reluctant to acknowl-
edge the good news:
advocates at both ends of the political;
spectrum. each side for its own reasons, seem to
have
80 tacitly agreed to play it down. The
Left is afraid of the
environmental good
news because it undercuts stylish
pessimism: the Right is afraid of the good news
because
it shows that government
regulations might occasionally
amount to
something other than wickedness incarnate and
85 actually produce benefits at an affordable
cost
This is a bad bargain-for liberals
especially. Their
philosophy is under siege
on many fronts-crime welfare?
medical care,
and education. among others. So why not
trumpet the astonishing, and continuing, record of
success
90 in environmental protection?
13. l.n line 14, “state
(A) rank
(B)
excitement
(C) territory
(D)
government
(E) condition
author of
Passage l indicates that
and
(A)problems
the nation will ultimately encounter
(B)problems facing underdeveloped areas of the
world
(C)among the predictions of
environmental popularizers
(D)among the
consequences of global warming
(E)potential
results of the pollution of lakes and oceans
15 The term
(A)the efforts needed
for environmental cleanup
(B)stringent
regulations put in place since 1970
(C)moralistic attitudes of many environmental
popularizers
(D)projected consequences of
environmental decline
(E)ability of nature to
recover from environmental abuse
16 The
author of Passage l uses the example in lines
42-43
(
(A)describe a personal experience
(B)imply that the subject should not be
frightening
(C)elicit sympathy from the reader
(D)demonstrate a psychological fact
(E)emphasize the prevalence of a crisis
17
The first paragraph of Passage 2(lines 46-63)
presents
(A)an elaborate speculation
(B)a
historical summary
(C)a list of sources
(D)an Introductory aside
(E)a scientific
theory
18 ln Passage I. the phrase . .
success(line
76)indicates that
(A)the
desires of environmentalists have changed over the
years
(B)the success of the environmental
movement has frightened
conservative
politicians
(C)the accomplishments of the
environmental movement have
made its public
pronouncements irrelevant
(D)environmentalists
often appear old-fashioned in a world
primarily concerned with technology
(E)environmentalism plays on the political
concerns of both
liberals and conservatives
19 The Phrase
(A)cast aspersions on
bureaucratic ineptitude
(B) parody the
language used by people with certain political
leanings
(C) convey humorously a deep
longing of the author
(D) rail against blatant
polluters of the environment
(E)suggest the
quasi-religious underpinnings of
environmentalism
20 The attitudes toward
environmentalism of the authors of
Passage l
and Passage 2. respectively. are
(A)outrage
and resentful disappointment
(B)skepticism and
qualified admiration
(C) indifference and
urgent concern
(D) alarm and grudging
acceptance
(E) open-mindedness and staunch
advocacy
21 What would the author or Passage I
most likely say about
the sort of reports
mentioned in lines l7~l9 of Passage l ?
(A)
They were unethical attempts to manipulate public
opinion
(B) They reflected the scientific
uncertainty of their era.
(C) They seem quite
naive in retrospect.
(D) They served a purpose
in their time.
(E) They are needed today more
than ever.
22 The author of Passage l would
most likely argue that the
(A) once
original hut is now trite
(B) once wholly
based on science but is now driven by politics
(C) in no way meant to be taken literally
(D) of no significance to faraway nations
(E) of dubious validity from the beginning
23 How would the author of Passage l be most
likely to
answer the question posed at the end
of Passage 2
(A)Because good news is less of a
stimulus to action than are
dire warnings
(B)Because environmentalists fear alienating
either the Left or
the Right
(C)Because
environmentalists themselves are divided about
whether their task has been accomplished
(D)Because boasting is still considered in
appropriate by the
liberal elite
(E)Because laypersons lack the training to
evaluate the
environmental record
24 The
authors of Passage l and Passage 2 agree that
(A)the state of the environment continues to
worsen
(B)the environmental movement lacks
political influence
(C)most of the information
citizens receive about the
environment is
overly technical
(D)spokespeople for the
environmental movement art not
sufficiently
knowledgeable
(E)the environmental movement
employs exaggerated rhetoric
9
The passage below is followed by questions
based on its content. Answer the questions on the
basis of what is stated or implied
in the
passage and in any introductory material that may
be provided.
Questions 7-19 are based on the following
passage.
Frederick Douglass (1817-1895), who
escaped from
slavery, became an author and
publisher and was
internationally known for
his instrumental role in the
abolitionist
movement.
In spite of the ridicule that
various newspapers aimed at
the women‟s
movement, Frederick Douglass continued to
lend it his active support. Indeed, few women‟s
rights con-
ventions were held during the
l850‟s at which Douglass
5 was not a featured
speaker and whose proceedings were not
fully reported in his paper. Invariably. the
notice would be
accompanied by an editorial
comment hailing the meeting
and expressing
the editorial hope that it “will have a power-
ful effect on the public‟s mind.
10 was
considering changing the name of his newspaper, he
rejected the proposed title, The
Brotherhood, because it
“implied the
exclusion of the Sisterhood.
Frederick
Douglass' Paper, and underneath the title were
the words
15 Because women were not
permitted to speak at mass
meetings of state
temperance associations,| women in New
York
formed the Woman's State Temperance Society, with
Elizabeth Cady Stanton as president.
Douglass supported
the society but took
issue with the move led by secretary
20 Amelia
Bloomer to limit to women the right to hold its
offices. He aligned himself with Stanton and
Susan B.
Anthony in opposing this as a
violation of “the principle
of human
equalitya violation, in short. of men‟s rights.
Douglass felt that by excluding men from
office the society
25 would lose supporters in
the battle against those in the
temperance
movement who wished to deny women equal
rights. l-low. he asked. could women effectively
contend
for equality in the movement when
they denied it to men?
ln lune l853. the
society accepted the logic of this position
30and admitted men to office.
Douglass leamed much from women with whom he
associated at the national and state women`s
rights conven-
tions. At one time, he had
entertained serious doubts about
wives being
given the tight to share equally with their
35
husbands the disposition of property. since “the
husband
labors hard
But his discussions
with pioneers of the women‟s rights
movement
convinced him that even though wives were not
paid for their domestic labors, their work was as
important
40 to the family as that of their
husbands. Once convinced,
he acted. He wrote
the call for the 1853 convention in
Rochester, New York. which demanded not only that
women be paid equally with men for their
work. but also
that women. including married
women. have equal rights
45 with men in the
ownership and disposition of property. ln
his newspaper that year. Douglass urged state
legislation
calling for passage of a law
requiring equality in
holding. and division
of real and personal property.”
On one
issue, however,Douglass refused to budge.
50
He was critical of women‟s rights leaders who
addressed
audiences from which Black people
were barred. His
particular target was Lucy
Stone. Douglass often praised
this
abolitionist and veteran lighter for equal tights
for
women. but he criticized her for not
having canceled a _
55 lecture in l853 at
Philadelphia‟s Music Hall when she
discovered that Black people would be excluded.
Later.
he was more severe when he learned
that she had invited
Senator Stephen A.
Douglas of Illinois, one of the archi-
tects
of the infamous Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.3 to
join
60 the women who were to meet in Chicago
in i859 to pub-
licize the women‟s rights
cause. Frederick Douglass bluntly
accused
Stone of willingness to advance women‟s rights on
the back of “the defenceless slave woman
to bear the ten thousand wrongs of slavery
in addition to
65 the common wrongs of
woman.
Douglass' disputes with some of the
women‟s rights
leaders went beyond the
question of their appearance
before
segregated audiences. Women like Stanton and
Anthony were close to abolitionist William Lloyd
Garrison.
70 When Douglass split with Garrison
over the latter‟s reli-
ance on words and
“moral suasion” as the major route to
abolition. as well as over Garrison`s opposition
to anti-
slavery political action, some
women‟s tights leaders grew
cool
toward Douglass.
75 Although Susan B.
Anthony had sided with Garrison.
she
solicited Douglass` support in her campaign
against
capital punishment. She circulated a
petition for a meeting
in 1858 to protest an
impending execution and to support
a law
making life imprisonment the punishment for
capital
80 crimes. Long an opponent of capital
punishment. Douglass
signed the petition.
prepared at set of resolutions on the
issue.
and agreed to take over for the scheduled chair.
who
had been intimidated by mob violence.
Douglass' conduct
won over even those women
who had allied themselves
85 with Anthony and
Garrison.
Thus. on the eve of the Civil
War. Douglass' rela-
tionship with the
women`s movement was once again
cordial.
Although this situation was to change after the
war. Douglass' influence had helped the
women's rights
90 movement become more
sensitive to the issue of prejudice
against
Black Americans.
1
Temperance associations
were groups that advocated laws to
control the
use or alcoholic beverages.
2
The Fugitive
sim Act of 1350 authorized slaveholders to reclaim
runaway slaves.
7 The passage provides
the most information about Douglass
(A)
loyalty to old friends
(B) refusal to change
old ideas
(C) fluent writing style
(D)
political activism
(E) tactful rhetoric
8
In context. the word “hailing” (line 7) most
nearly means
(A) pouring down on
(B)
audibly greeting
(C) summoning
(D)
originating
(E) praising
9 The discussion
of the naming of Douglass' newspaper
(lines
9-14) suggests that Douglass was
(A) very
effective at persuading others to adopt his
point of view
(B) more committed to
women‟s rights than he was to
other reform
movements
(C) concerned that his paper HO(
receive the same kind
of ridicule that women`s
rights publications had
(D) a reformer who
recognized the similarity among
the goals of
different causes
(E) eager to publicize the
recent successes of the women‟s rights
movement
10 The passage suggests that
Stanton and Anthony prevailed
against Bloomer
(lines 21-30) because their position
(A)
defied the male status quo
f B) asserted
women‟s political rights
(C) opposed Douglass'
ideas
(D) was recognized as being politically
wise
(E) had financial consequences
11
The discussion of Douglass' position on property
rights for
women (lines 33-48) suggests that
Douglass
(A) was extremely adept at political
negotiation
(B) was flexible enough to change
his views
(C) sided with women‟s rights
leaders on this issue so that they
would
support him on abolition
(D) believed that
causes should be tackled one at a time
(E)
believed that state laws could be easily changed
12 ln context. the phrase „°disposition
of(line 45) most
nearly means
(A)
exploration of
(B) safeguarding of
(C)
control over
(D) characteristics of
(E)
payment for
13 In lines 49-65, the passage
mainly suggests which of
the following about
Lucy Stone?
(A) She allowed one of the two
causes she endorsed to supersede
the other.
(B) Her courageous actions consistently won
Frederick Douglass'
respect.
(C) She
was willing to compromise for the sake of
abolition.
(D) She and Stephen Douglas had
little in common
politically.
(E) Her
political inexperience contributed to certain
errors in judgment.
14 Douglass probably
believed that using Stephen A.
Douglas to
publicize women‟s rights amounted to
(A)
allowing men to influence women‟s associations
(B) supporting the repeal of the Fugitive
Slave Act of 1850 .
(C)contradicting the
philosophy of temperance
(D)inadvertently
sacrificing the gains that women had made
(E)
tacitly exploiting Black women who were slaves
15 Douglass probably
regarded the technique of “moral
suasion
(A) suitable for only the capital-
punishment cause
(B) preferable to lengthy
political debate
(C)less desirable than
direct action
(D) too closely associated with
the temperance movement
(E) too subtle for
most mass meetings
16 Women‟s rights leaders
most likely “grew cool toward
Douglass
(A)
were experiencing dissension among their ranks
(B) preferred Garrison`s political approach
(C) strongly favored the use of civil
disobedience
(D) felt that Douglass had not
been contributing actively to their
movement
(E) realized that Douglass had
stopped publicizing
their concerns
17
As presented in the passage. Douglass` views
coincided most consistently with those of
(A) Stephen A. Douglas
(B) William Lloyd
Garrison
(C) Amelia Bloomer
(D) Lucy Stone
(E) Susan B. Anthony
18 The author
apparently believes which of the following
about the interaction between the abolitionist
and the
women‟s rights movements?
(A) It
helped both groups broaden their perspectives in
spite of
frequent friction between them.
(B) It seemed to many to be productive but
actually caused both
groups to make their
goals too general.
(C) It was natural. since
both groups got their start at the same
time.
(D) It was rewarding for members of both
groups but made both
less popular with the
public.
(E) It was politically expedient for
both groups in spite of their
reluctance
to work together.
19 According to the passage.
Douglass most consistently
opposed
(A)
using the press to criticize the women‟s and
abolitionist
movements
(B) allowing
men to hold office in women‟s state temperance
associations
(C) pay scales that were
higher for men than for women
(D) neglecting
the rights of other groups while
furthering
the rights of women `
(E) property laws that
gave men more rights than they gave
women